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Unit23ConflictPeriod SixGrammar掠课前自主领悟KEQIANZIZHULINGWU单元语法
(一)一一强调结构倒装句和分裂句“It”完全倒装基本结构〕倒装,隔词分裂句「般疑问式1It结构结构’[特殊结构[特殊疑问式[语法图解]强调句式not...until[语法感悟]单句语法填空
1.Here comescome themanager youwant tosee.
2.Beneath ourfeet lies lie the earth thatour lifedepends onfor foodand clothing.
3.Only whenI workedas aninterpreter did I realizehow importantit wasto graspEnglish.
4.n wasabout600years agothat thefirst clockwith aface andan hourhand wasmade.
5.It wasnot untilhe calledthe secretarythree timesthat hewas toldthat themanagermKETANGYUFAJINGJIANG----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------课堂语法精讲went toan importantmeeting.
一、倒装英语最基本的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后但有时由于语法结构的需要或修辞的需要(最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调),把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序就称为“倒装”倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种谓语全部在主语之前为完全倒装,谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词)在主语之前为部分倒装一完全倒装完全倒装Full Inversion又称“全部倒装”,是指将句子中的谓语部分全部置于主语之前此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时常见结构
1.在there be”句型里,there为引导词,主语在be动词后,其中根据需要,be动词可用exist,stand,sit,live,lie,seem,appear,happen等表示类似“存在概念的不及物动词代替Once upona time,there livedthree bearsin theforest.从前,在森林里住着三只熊
2.当句首为here,there,in,out,up,down,off,away,back,now,then等表示地点、方位等的副词,主语为名词,谓语为不及物动词时,句子要用全部倒装There goesthe bell.铃响了Away flewa bird.一只小鸟飞走了
3.当句首为表示地点的介词短语通常作状语时,句子要用全部倒装In frontof thehouse standsa big tree.房前有棵大树
4.当表语置于句首时,句子要用全部倒装,其倒装结构为表语+连系动词+主语1形容词+系动词+主语Present atthe partywere thePrime Minister,famous specialistsand scholarsand manyotherguests.出席宴会的有首相、著名的专家、学者和许多别的客人2介词短语+系动词+主语Inside thepyramids are the roomsfor thebodies ofkings andqueens.在金字塔的内部有很多存放国王与王后尸体的房间3过去分词+系动词+主语Gone foreverare thedays whenimperialist powerscould doanything theyliked inChina.帝国主义列强在中国为所欲为的日子已经一去不复返了4现在分词+系动词+主语Lying on the grassare somenaughty children.躺在草地上的是一些顽皮的孩子
5.全部倒装的注意事项1全部倒装的要求是句子的主语必须是名词但若主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变Away shewent.她走了Here youare.给你2全部倒装的谓语多为be,lie,stand,sit,come,go,walk等不及物动词,且倒装时不需要助动词In themiddle ofTian,anmen Squarestands theMonument to the People,s Heroes.人民英雄纪念碑矗立在天安门广场正中央3此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时Look out!Here comesa crazyox.当心!一头疯牛冲了过来□[即学即用1]完成句子
1.Under abigtreesat@fat man,half asleep.在大树下坐着一个胖男人,处于半睡状态
2.Amongthe goodsareChristmas trees,flowers,candles andtoys.这些商品里有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛和玩具
3.There standsa templeonthetop of the mountain.山顶上有一座寺庙二部分倒装部分倒装Partial Inversion是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前常见于下列几种情况
1.含有否定或半否定意义的副词、介词短语、连词等置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装如never,little,seldom,rarely,nowhere,in noway/case/circumstance,at no time,by nomeans,on nocondition,not,not only,not until,scarcely/hardly...when,no sooner...than等Seldom does he havebreakfast.他很少吃早餐On nocondition mustyou tellhim whathappened.你决不能把发生的事情告诉他注意not only...but also连接两个并列的句子且not only置于句首时,”前倒后不倒”;而not until后跟句子置于句首时,“前不倒后倒”即否定词在哪个句子中就倒装哪一部分Not onlyarethestudents plantingtrees,but alsothe teacheris.不仅学生们在种树,老师也在种Not untilthe childfell asleepdid themother leavethe room.直到孩子睡着,妈妈才离开房间
2.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装Only thendid Irealise thatwhat Idid waswrong.仅仅到了那时我才知道我所做的是错的Only bychanging theway welive canwe savetheearth.只有通过改变我们生活的方式,我们才能拯救地球Only whenhe toldher didshe knowthe news.就在他告诉她时,她才知道了那条消息注意only修饰主语时,句子不倒装;only修饰状语从句时,“主倒从不倒”Only Tomcan comeup witha goodidea topersuade herto changeher mind.只有汤姆才能想出好办法来说服她改变主意Only whenhe isseriously illdoesheever stayin bed.病得很重时,他才卧床休息
3.在so/such...that...句型中,so或such引导的短语置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装So smallwas themark that I could hardly seeit.标记如此小我几乎看不出来
4.副词so/as/neither/nor置于句首时,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物,其句型为so/neither/nor+be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语so表示前面肯定的内容也适用于另一个人或物;neither/nor表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物The babylikes swimmingvery much.So doesshe.婴儿非常喜欢游泳她也非常喜欢The problemis notdifficult,neither/nor isthat one.这个题不难,那个也不难注意(l)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(表示前面肯定的内容也适用于另一个人或物)常译为“……也一样”;so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(表示说话人对前面或对方所说的情况的赞同)常译为“确实如此”一Tom hada goodtime lastnight.一Yes,so hedid,and sodid I.——汤姆昨晚玩得很愉快——是的,确实如此我也一样
(2)So it is with...=It isthe samewith...用于表示与前面所述的情况相同,当前面陈述部分既有肯定也有否定或是既有系动词也有助动词或情态动词时,使用该结构一He isa student,but hedoesn,t studyhard.一So itis with me./It isthe samewithme.——他是个学生,但他学习不努力——我也一样
5.虚拟条件句中含有had,should或were口寸,若省略if,必须将had,should或were提到主语的前面Were Ia bird,I couldfly toAmerica.我若是只小鸟,就能飞往美国Had heworked harder,he wouldhave gotthrough theexam.要是他再努力一点,他会通过考试的
6.as/though引导的让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”,多用部分倒装,即把从句中的表语(名词、形容词等)、状语(副词)或谓语(动词原形)提前到句首其结构为a//〃./adx/动词原形+as/though+主语+be/助动词/情态动词+・・.Child as/though she is,she knowsa lot.尽管她是个孩子,但她知道得挺多的Fail as/though hedid,he wouldnever giveup.尽管他失败了,但决不放弃注意
(1)若单数可数名词位于句首时,其前的冠词要省略
(2)as引导让步状语从句时必须用倒装语序;though引导让步状语从句可用倒装也可用陈述语序;although引导让步状语从句时只能用陈述语序Beggar ashe is,he looksvery proud.尽管是个乞丐,但他看上去很高傲Although we were tired,we keptwalking.=Though we were tired,we keptwalking.=Tired thoughwewere,we keptwalking.=Tired aswewere,we keptwalking.尽管累了,我们仍继续前行口[即学即用2]完成句子
1.Not onlydid herefuse thegift,but healso severelycriticized thesender.他不但拒绝接受礼物,而且还严厉地批评了送礼者
2.Should itrain tomorrow,we shouldhave toput offthe visittotheYangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨,我们就推迟去杨浦大桥的参观活动
3.Cold as/though itwas,my parentswent outto work.虽然天很冷,但我的父母还是出去工作了
4.the roomthatIcouldhardlysee anything.屋子如此黑我什么也看不见
5.I neverplay PCgames;nor/neither do they.我从不玩电脑游戏,他们也不
二、强调句型
(一)强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构特征为“It+be(be动词一律用is/was)+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”此句型多用于强调句子的主语、宾语和状语等,其中it,that/who无词汇意义,it为强调词,引出强调成分;that/who只起语法连接作用若去掉it,be和that/who三者,余下部分(有时要作一定语序调整)仍能组成一个句意通顺、完整的句子He bought the book in this shop yesterday.他昨天在商店买的这本书fit washe thatbought the bookinthis shopyesterday.(强调主语he)—It wasthe bookthat hebought inthis shopyesterday.(强调宾语thebook)fitwas inthisshopthat heboughtthebook yesterday.(强调地点状语in thisshop
(二)强调句的疑问形式
1.一般疑问句的强调结构Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...?Was itMacron whobecame theyoungest presidentin France是马克龙成为法国最年轻的总统吗?
2.特殊疑问句的强调结构疑问词+is/was it that...When wasit that he gotmarried他是什么时候结婚的?How longago wasit that you lastsaw her你上一次看见她是多久以前的事?
(三)强调句的复杂结构
1.强调句与rather than,not...but...,more...than...等连接的平行对比结构相结合It isthe protectionfor thetrees rather than howmany treesare plantedthat reallymatters.真正重要的在于对树木的保护,而不在于种了多少树It wasnot lackof effort,but ofmoney,that defeatedtheir plan.他们的计划受挫,原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力
2.强调句与感叹句相结合What abeautiful pictureitisthatyouhave drawn!你画了多么漂亮的一幅画啊!
3.强调句与名词性从句相结合r vealready forgottenwhere itwas thatyou putthe dictionary.我已经忘了你究竟把词典放哪儿了It wasthe newsthat hefailed againthat madehim muchupset.是他再次失败的消息使他沮丧不已What isit thathas madePeter whatheistoday是什么使得Peter成了今天这个样子?
4.强调句与定语从句相结合It wasin thesmall housewhere hewas bornthathespent hischildhood.是在他出生的那个小房子里他度过了他的童年
5.强调句与状语从句相结合It wasnot untilhe cameback thatI knewthe result.直到他回来我才知道结果「[即学即用3]单句语法填空
1.Its I,ratherthanhe,that amyour friend.是我而不是他,才是你的朋友
2.It wasnot untilmidnight that they reachedthe campsite.直到午夜他们才到达宿营地
3.When wnsit thatChina sentnaval shipsto protectships againstpirates中国是什么时候派军舰去保护船只打击海盗的?
4.Wa,in Zhejiangthat TuYouyou wasborn屠呦呦是在浙江出生的吗?
5.What awonderful timeit wnsthat wehad atthe party!傀课后训练KEHOUXUNLIAN我们在聚会上玩得多么高兴啊!I.单句语法填空
1.South ofthe riverliesliea smallfactory.
2.We laughat jokes,but seldomdo wethink abouthow theywork.
3.It wasnot untilI camehere thatI realizedthis placewas famousfor notonly itsbeautybut alsoits weather.
4.Its notwhat we do oncein awhile thatshapes ourlives,but whatwedoconsistently.
5.So suddenwas bethe attackthat theenemy hadnotimeto escape.
6.For amoment nothinghappened.Then camecome voicesall shoutingtogether.
7.The headmasterwill notpermit thechange inthe course,nor willhe evengive itathought.
8.It was80years beforeChristopher Columbuscrossed theAtlantic thatZheng Hehadsailed toEast Africa.
9.Was itbecause shewas illthat shedidn,t goto attendthe meeting
10.Mary talkedwith mymother forabout anhour yesterday.Never hadI heardher talksomuch.IL完成句子
1.11was j.n GreecethattheOlympic Gamesfirstly started.奥林匹克运动会是在希腊首次举行的
2.How wasitthathe managedto getthe information他到底是怎样得到那个消息的?
3.Hard1y hadwe arrivedwhen itbegan tosnow.我们刚到,天就下起雪来
4..Only aftertalking totwo studentsdidIdiscover thathaving strongmotivationis oneofthebiggest factorsin reachinggoals.只有当与这两个学生谈话之后我才意识到有着强大的动力是达到目标的关键因素之一
5.Not onlydothenurses wanta payincrease,they wantreduced hoursas well.护士们不仅想涨工资,而且还想减少工作时间。
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