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》要点透析▼砥舒回领名师解疑-精讲精练.Section IIWarming UpReading-Language PointsI的词汇精研The voyagesof travellersbefore the17th centuryshow that they werenotat the mercy of the seaeven thoughthey didnot havemodern navigationalaids.17世纪以前的航海记录显示，尽管没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们（旅行者们）也不是任凭海洋摆布的
（1）voyage
①lie madea voyageto Japan.他航行至日本
②I wishyou ahappy voyage.祝你航行平安［自我探究］voyage是名词，意为航行，（尤指）航海，航天）6易混辨析单词意义区别trip指定期的较短的往返旅行表示去某地所花的时间和旅行的距离，尤其指较长距离的定期旅行；多指陆journey地旅行泛指从一地到另一地的“旅行，游历”（用单数形式，不加定冠词）指“国travel外的游历、游记”时常用复数形式，但前面不加many或数词修饰，它也可以用作动词“周游，观光，旅游；考察”，指周游若干地方，有一定的旅行路线，最tour后又回到出发地voyage指海上航行或太空旅行是可数名词
③We wenton atrip to the mountains.我们到山里去旅游了
④We hada longjourney aheadof us.我们前面的旅程还很长
⑤Foreign travelnever reallyappealed tohim untilhe retired.©Women tend to livelonger thanmen.女人往往比男人长寿
⑥Ilis viewstend towards the extreme.他的观点趋于偏激［巧学活用］——完成句子1是该更新我们软件的时候了It stime that we・2雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势among employersto hirecasual staff.答案1updated oursoftware2There is a growingtendency句型精析n There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the17th centurywhen the Britishsolved this theoretical problem.直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后，人们才有了测量经度的可靠办法
①I methim earlyin themorning when he washaving hisbreakfast.今天早晨我见到了他，那时他正在吃早餐［自我探究］when在上面的句子中引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词morning,when在从句中作时间状语句法分析lwhen可以引导定语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句或名词性从句2whenever c•.无论何时A引导时间状语从句=at the time whenB引导让步状语从句=no matterwhen
②When hecame here,we welcomedhim warmly.当他到这里时，我们热烈欢迎了他
③When hewill comeis stillunknown.他何时来，还不知道
④I don t knowwhenhegives mean answer.我还不知道他何时给我答案©Whenever shestayed homein theevening,she watchedTV.只要晚上她不出门，她就看电视
⑥You cancome herewhenever youlike.你可以随时来0What wouldyou doif youcame acrossthe followingproblems duringyour voyage在航海时，如果遇到下列问题你会怎么办？
①If youwish,I11help you.如果你要我帮助的话，我就帮助你
②If yougive himone,he11ask foranother.如果你给他一个，他会接着再要另一个［自我探究］if是连词，引导条件状语从句句法分析1if引导的虚拟条件句，如果表示与过去相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时,对应的主句应该用would havedone2if引导的虚拟条件句，如果表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用下列三种形式过去时/should+动词原形/were todo；主句的谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形3如果if引导的条件状语从句表示对现在或事实情况的相反假设，从句的谓语动词用过去时，主句的谓语动词用would/should/could/might+动词原形
③If I had knownyour telephonenumber yesterday,I wouldhave telephonedyou.如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了
④If youwere togo toBeijing,you wouldhave achance tovisit thePalace Museum.如果你要去北京的话，你就有机会去参观故宫
⑤If Iwere you,I wouldnot gonow.如果我是你，我现在就不走◎温馨提示在if引导的虚拟条件句中，有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件状语从句就叫错综时间虚拟条件句或混合条件句
⑥If youhad comeearlier,you wouldnot beworried now.如果你早一点来的话，你现在就不会这么着急了［巧学活用］——完成句子如果不是免费的票，我们本不会如此频繁地看电影for thefree tickets,we wouldnot havegone tothe filmsso often.答案If ithad not been/Had itnotbeen课时作业4单句语法填空I
1.Im notgoing toput myselfthe mercy of thebank.答案at
2.She washighly praisedfor herselflessness anddevotionwork.答案to work
3.It shigh timethatweupdatethe equipmentof ouroffice.答案updated
4.The aimof thescheme issimplify thecomplex socialsecurity system.答案to simplify
5.The sentencesare numberedfor easeof refer.答案reference
6.The childrenseemed eatsomething in the room.答案to beeating
7.We receivedseveral answers,and wepicked onerandom.答案at
8.These plantshave a tendencygrow in the morerural areas.答案to grow
9.Do youstill rememberthe dayswe stayedin America答案when
10.If Ihave a lotof moneynow,I wouldtravel aroundthe world.答案had阅读理解IIGoldfish havepretty boringlives,so maybeit sa goodthing that they canonly concentratefornine seconds!But accordingto anew research,humans arebecoming likegoldfish.Our attentionspan（时长）is gettingshorter...and its allbecause oftechnology.“We movequickly fromone siteto another on theweb,“says DoctorTed Selker,a computerscientistfrom Massachusetts,“and weare losingthe abilityto concentrate.With millionsofwebsites tochoose from,the attentionspan of the averageInternet useris justseconds.Thereare otherdigital distractions（分心、）too:email,instant messagingand quickiemovies onwebsites.Some peopleare worried about theeffect onyoung people.You needtime tounderstand andthinkabout whatyou read,“says JuliaWood,from London.Young peoplesearch thenet allthetimeandtheir brainsbecome fullof uselessinformation butthere isno time to makesense ofit.I amtryingto persuade my pupils to readmore books,so that they concentrateon onesubject forlonger.”Other teachersare tryingmore unusualmethods toimprove studentsconcentration.Anne Savan,from Wales,was soworriedabouther studentsthat shestarted playingMozart duringher sciencelessons.She saysthat ithad anamazing effectThe musicmade themcalmer,and theirconcentrationwas muchbetter.”But noteveryone believesthat thereis aproblem.Ray Cole,an educationalpsychologistsays”On theweb,young peoplelearn tomake quickdecisions aboutwhat is and isnt worthreading.They mightlook atfive unhelpfulwebsites veryquickly,before stoppingand readinga sixthusefulwebsite morecarefully.In aworld withso muchinformation available,this is an importantskill.”【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文随着科技的发展，人们将大量时间花在浏览网站上,快速不断地浏览网站使人们的注意力时长越来越短；但是有人认为，浏览网站可以提高年轻人的判断能力
1.Why doesthe writermention“goldfish”A.To analyzedata.B.To introducea topic.C.To settleproblems.D.To suggesta wayout.解析推理判断题文章第一段第一句说金鱼只能集中九秒钟的注意力；结合第一段的第B二句“But accordingto anew research,humans arebecoming likegoldfish.”可知，人们正变得像金鱼一样；接着文章提出中心论点由于技术问题，我们的注意力时长变得越来越短据此可以判断，作者用金鱼的例子是为了引出文章主题，故B项正确
2.What maycause ashorter attentionspan accordingto Dr.Ted SelkerA.Skipping on the Internet.B.Time todigest information.C.Traditional methodsof reading.D.Making decisions.A解析推理判断题根据第二段的uWe movequickly fromone siteto anotherontheweb”和“and weare losingthe abilityto concentrate^可知，Ted Selker认为，由于人们快速浏览网站，人们正在丧失集中注意力的能力，故A项正确
3.What willhelp studentsovercome ashort attentionspanA.Receiving emails.B.Texting messages.C.Reading morebooks.D.Watching quickiemovies.C解析细节理解题根据第三段的最后一句I amtrying topersuademypupilstoread morebooks,so that they concentrateon onesubject forlonger.“可知,阅读更多的书将有助于学生克服注意力时间短的问题，故C项正确
4.What isRay Coles attitudetowards lookingthrough websitesquicklyA.Cautious.B.Unfavorable.C.Skeptical.D.Supportive.D解析推理判断题根据最后一段的“But noteveryone believesthat thereisaproblem.”和“On theweb,young peoplelearn tomake quickdecisions aboutwhat isand isnt worthreading.可知，Ray Cole认为年轻人快速浏览网站可以提高自己快速判断的能力；据此可判断，Ray Cole对快速浏览网站持支持态度，故D项正确完形填空IIIWhile highschool doesnot generallyencourage studentsto explorenew aspects of life,collegesets thestage forthat exploration.I myselfwent throughthis―1—process andfound somethingthathas changedmy2at collegefor thebetterI discoveredASL一American SignLanguage（美式手语）.I neverfelt anurge to_3_any signlanguage before.My entirefamily ishearing,and soareall my friends.The4languages were enough in all my interactions（交往）.Little didI knowthatI woulddiscover my5for ASL.The6began duringmy firstweek atcollege.I watchedas theASL Club7their translationofa song.Both thehand movementsand thevery8of communicatingwithout speaking9me.WhatI sawwas completelyunlike anythingIhadexperienced in the
10.This newnessjust leftme11more.After that,feeling theneed to12further,I decidedto dropin onone ofASL Clubs meetings.I onlylearned howto13the alphabet that day.Yet insteadof beingdiscouraged bymy14progress,I wasexcited.I thenmade ita pointto15those meetingsand learnall Icould.The followingterm,I16an ASLclass.The professorwas deafand any talking was
17.I soonrealizedthat the silence wasnot unpleasant.18,if therehad been anytalking,it wouldhave19us tolearn less.Now,I appreciatethesilenceand the20way ofcommunication itopens.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文作者主要讲述了自己学习美式手语的经历及感受B.planningC.natural D.formalA解析根据上文中“While highschool doesnot generallyencourage studentsto explorenewaspectsoflife”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索（searching）的过程planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的；formal“正式的”
2.A.progress B.experienceC.major D.opinionB解析根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历（experience）变得更美好的东西progress“进步”；major“专业”；opinion意见，想法，看法”
3.A.choose B.readC.learn D.createC解析以前，作者从没感觉到（自己）有学习（learn）任何手语的强烈欲望choose选择；create创造”
4.A.official B.foreignC.body D.spokenD解析:根据上文中的“My entirefamily ishearing,and soare allmyfriends”及下文中的u languageswereenoughin allmyinteractions（交往）”可知，口语对作者所有的（社会）交往来说已经足够了spoken language“口语”符合语境official”正式的，官方的”C.goal D.requestA解析根据上下文语境可知，作者不知道自己会喜爱（love）美式手语concern“关心，担心，忧虑；goal“目标”；request“要求”
6.A.meeting B.tripC.story D.taskC解析:这个故事（stow）始于作者上大学的第一周meeting会议”；trip“旅行”；task“任务”
7.A.recorded B.performedC.recited D.discussedB解析根据句中的关键词“watched”可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演（performed）record”记录,录音”；recite“背诵；discuss讨论
8.A.idea B.amountC.dream I）,reasonA解析手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引了作者amount数额，数量”；dream“梦想”；reason”原因，理由”
9.A.disturbed B.supportedC.embarrassed D.attractedD解析:参见上题解析attract”吸引，引起……的注意”，符合语境disturb打扰，打搅”；support支持；embarrass使尴尬,使难堪”
10.A.end B.pastC.course D.distanceB解析根据上下文语境可知，作者看到的完全不像自己过去（past）所经历过的任何事情end“结尾”；course过程，课程；distance“距离”
11.A.showing B.actingC.saying D.wantingD解析这种新事物使作者想要（接触）更多show“展示”；act”表演，扮演”；want“想要”
12.A.exercise B.exploreC.express D.explainB解析；根据上下文语境和第一段中的关键词explore可知，作者觉得自己有进一步探索（explore）美式手语的需要exercise”锻炼，训练”；express“表达；explain解释”
13.A.print B.writeC.signD.count解析根据语境可知，作者那天只是学会了如C何用手语来表示全部字母print打E[h；write“写”；sign“打手语”；count“数数”
14.A.slow B.steadyC.normal D.obviousA解析根据上文的“I onlylearned howtothealphabetthatday.可知，作者并没有对自己缓慢的（slow）进步感到沮丧steady“稳步的；normal“正常的”；obvious明显的”
15.A.chair B.sponsorC.attend D.organizeC解析根据语境，尤其是上文的“made ita pointto”和下文的“and learnall Icould”可知，作者努力做到参加（attend）这些会议chair”主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor”赞助,举办“；organize“组织”
16.A.missed B.passedC.gave upD.registered forD解析根据下文的内容可知，作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程miss想念，错过；pass“通过；give up“放弃”；register for“注册，选课”
17.A.prohibited B.welcomedC.ignored D.repeatedA解析根据上文的“The professorwas deafand anytalking”可知，作者所参加的课程的教授是个耳聋的人，故任何谈话都是被禁止（prohibited）的welcome”欢迎，欣然接受”；ignore“忽视；repeat“重复”
18.A.Lastly B.ThusC.Instead D.HoweverC解析根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的，反而（Instead）,如果有任何谈话的话，会导致（caused）作者他们学习得更少Lastly最后，终于”；Thus因此；However“然而”red B.causedC.allowed D.expectedB解析参见上题解析require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”
20.A.easy B.popularC.quick D.newD解析:根据语境可知，作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的（new）沟通方式easy“容易的；popular”受欢迎的；quick“快速的”IV短文改错I lovecamping.It ismy favoritestway to spend the summer vacation.Last year,my familiesand I went camping inthe countryside.It wasone ofthe excitedexperiences Ihave everhad.We sleptin atent andtook along walkevery day.We cookedover a fire and the food always tastedwonderfully.For awhole week,I sawlovely mountainviews orbreathed fresh air.At night,Iheard the gentle windblowing inthe trees,and Ifeel so peaceful.It doesn,t costmany to camp.What Ibelieve itsthebest wayto getclose nature and enjoy its beauty.答案favoritestlove camping.It ismy waytospendthesummervacation.Last year,favoritefamilies excitedmyand Iwentcampinginthecountryside.It wasone ofthefamily excitinghaveexperiencesI everhad.We sleptin atent andtook along walkevery day.Wehadwonderfully;—「
1.For awhole week,wonderiulcooked overafireand thefoodalwaystasted Isaworlovely mountainviews breathedfreshair.At night,I heardthegentlewind.feel manyblowing inthe trees,andI7-77sopeaceful.It doesnt cost---------------tocamp,Wa-t IfeltmuchAbelieve itsthebest wayto getclose tonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.他到退休后才真正对出国旅行产生了兴趣©We wenton a10-day tourof centralAfrica.我们到中非游玩了10天
⑦This isa voyageof exploration.这是一次探索之旅2at themercy of
①I dont liketo beatthemercy ofsuch aman.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布
②Buildings areleft todecay atthemercy of vandalsandtheweather.建筑物因人为的任意破坏及日晒雨淋而日益破败［自我探究］atthemercyof意为“任摆布；在面前毫无办法”怜悯，宽恕，幸运，侥幸mercy n.对某人表示怜悯show mercyto sb.have mercy on/upon sb.对.......表示怜悯It sa mercy+that从句幸运的是……without mercy残忍地归纳拓展
③They showedno mercyto theirhostages.他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈©They arepraying Godto havemercyonthem.他们正在祈祷上帝的怜悯
⑤It sa mercythat she wasn tseriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重
⑥The terroristskilled somechildren inthe buildingwithout mercy.恐怖分子残忍地杀害了大楼里的几个孩子［基础练习］--用voyage,travel,trip,journey,tour填空lDo youlike aday s⑵We11make asightseeing nextweek.3They wenton along trainacross India.4The novelis basedon hisalong theSilk Road.5The Titanicsank onits maiden.答案ltrip2tour3journey4travels5voyage［能力提升］——完成句子6We wereweather.我们拿天气毫无办法7she missedbeing killed.幸运的是她没有被杀死8We showtheenemies ofthe people.我们对人民的敌人绝不怜悯答案6atthemercyof⑺It sa mercythat8no mercyto0This seemsto havebeen thefirst andmost usefulform ofexploration whichcarried theminimumamount ofrisk.这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒风险也最小
①He seemedan honestman.他似乎是个诚实的人
②It seemedgood tome todo so.这样做在我看来很好3He seemedlonely.他似乎很孤独［自我探究］seem意为似乎,在句中作系动词，后面可用形容词、名词或不定式等作表语归纳拓展7seem后面可用不定式或不定式的完成时作表语，但表达的意义不同2在it seems/seemed as if/though结构中，如果表示与事实相反的假设，从句要用虚拟语气
④He seemsto havelost confidencein himself.他似乎已经丧失了自信心
⑤IIseemed to be veryhappy.他似乎很高兴
⑥He seemsasifhe werethe host.似乎他是主人实际上他不是易混辨析单词意义区别seem往往是接近事实情况的判断，具有较强的真实性appear指表面上看起来，但事实并非如此look强调视觉形象所造成的某种印象，指直观上看起来
⑦She lookswell.她气色不错
⑧He appearsweak.他看起来挺虚弱越Seabirds couldbe usedto showthe wayto landwhen it was nowhere to be seen.在看不见任何陆地时，可利用海鸟来找到通往陆地的路©He wasnowhere tobe found.什么地方也找不到他
②It goesto nowhere.（这条路）哪儿也不通［自我探究］nowhere意思是任何地方都不；什么地方也没有go/get/lead nowhere没有结果，毫无进展nowheretobeseen/found什么地方都看不见/找不到nowhere insight不可能看见the middle of nowhere偏远的某地归纳拓展
③Such methodswill getyou nowhere.这些方法将不会产生任何结果©There wasnowhere formetosit inthe hall.在大厅里我无处可坐
⑤She liveson asmall farminthemiddleofnowhere.她住在一个偏僻的小农场上［巧学活用］——完成句子这场争论没有任何进展，因此我们还不知道答案Nowhere，so wedontknow theanswer yet.答案has thisargument led@Therewasnosecuremethodofmeasuringlongitudeuntilthe17th centurywhentheBritishsolved thistheoretical problem.直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后，人们才有了测量经度的可靠办法
①Don tclimb thatladder一It snot secure.别爬那个梯子，梯子不牢靠
②We mustsecure thedoors andwindows beforewe goout.我们出门前要把门窗关好［自我探究］secure可以是形容词，意为安全的，可靠的;也可以是动词，意为把……关紧，系牢归纳拓展1feel/be secureabout sth.feel/be secureof对……感到无忧无虑feel/be secureagainst/from2secure sth.for对……有把握，确信sb./sth.secure sth.against/from sth.secure sth.没有遭受……的危险to sth.（为……）取得……使某物免受……把……拴在……上
③The managersecured a place forhis companyinthecompetition.在竞争中经理为他的公司赢得了一席之地
④He securedaplacefor himself atthe law school.=He securedhimselfaplace atthelawschool.他在法学院取得了学籍
⑤The horsewas securedfirmly tothe tree.马被牢牢地拴在树上
⑥He alwaysfeels secureabout hisfuture.他总是对自己的前途无忧无虑e Thenhe couldtell ifhewassailing onhis correctrather thana randomcourse.然后他就能辨别他是否是在沿着正确的航道航行，而不是随意乱走He wasdressed ina randomway.他随意穿了一件衣服［自我探究］random是形容词，意为任意的；漫无目的的；随便的归纳拓展at random随便地，胡乱地，任意地randomly adv.随意地randomness n.随意a randomguess随意的猜测speak at random顺口胡说choose at随便挑选random［巧学活用］——完成句子1信息是按随机顺序处理的The informationis processed.2恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击The terroristsfired atthe crowd.答案1inarandom order2atrandom血However,itwasawkward touse asone ofthe pointsof referencewas themoving shipitself.然而，因为其中的一个参照点就是移动的船本身，所以这种方法用起来很难
①Th isisagood bookof reference.这是一本好的参考书
②She broughtexcellent references.她带来了有力的证明书［自我探究］reference是名词，意为参考；证明书归纳拓展1reference n.提及，谈到，查阅，查看with reference to关于2refer vt.谈到，提及refer to提到，查阅，涉及refer to...as...把……称为……refer sb./sth.to sb./sth.将……送交给（以求获得帮助等）
③There isno directreferencetoher ownchildhood inthe novel.小说里没有直接提及她的童年
④Keep theirprice liston filefor futurereference.请将他们的价目表存档，以供日后查看
⑤With referenceto yourrecent advertisement,I mwriting torequest furtherdetails.关于贵方最近的广告，现特函查询详情
⑥This incidentin hischildhood isnever againreferred to.他小时候的这件事永远不要再提了
⑦The patientwas referredto aspecialist fortreatment.这个病人被交给专家治疗了籍This wasa more precise andsimplified versionoftheastrolabe.这是更精确、更简化的星盘lprecisea precisemeasurement正确的尺寸at thatprecise moment恰好在那时刻
①Can yougive amoreprecisedefinition ofthe word你能给这个词下个更确切的定义吗？
②The precisedetails ofthe salehave notbeen releasedyet.这次销售的准确详情还没有发布［自我探究］precise是形容词，意为精确的；准确的；恰好的;precisely是副词,意为精确地，确切地归纳拓展tobe precise确切地说，准确地说more precisely更确切地说，更严格地说
③My parentslive abroad一in NorthBorneo tobeprecise.我父母生活在国外，确切地说，在北婆罗洲
④The problemis dueto discipline,or moreprecisely,the lackof disciplineinschools.问题出在纪律上，或者更确切地说，是学校缺乏纪律6易混辨析单词意义区别accurate表不数据，相当于correct andwithout mistake,准确的，无i天的表示仪器、数据的精密性=exact inform,detail,measurements,time等，precise精密的，精确的exact与accurate意义相近，精密的，准确的8simplify
①Th isisanattempt tosimplify thetax laws.这是一种简化税法的尝试
②Try tosimplify yourexplanation forthe children.设法解释得简明一点，好让孩子们听懂［自我探究］simplify是及物动词，意为使简化，使简易归纳拓展simplified adj.简化的simple adj.简单的，简易的，朴素的，简朴的［巧学活用］——完成句子⑴架子长约1米，更确切地说是98厘米simplification n.简明，简化The shelfis abouta meterlong,well,98cm,2申请表现已简化了The applicationforms答案lmore precisely2have nowbeen simplifiedOThe sextantwas theupdated versionoftheastrolabe andquadrant whichreduced thetendencyto makemistakes.六分仪是星盘和象限仪的升级版，它减少了犯错的倾向1update©The catalogueis updatedevery year.（产品的）目录每年都更新
②The filesneed updating.档案需要更新
③Minister sadvisers updatedheronthe situation.部长的顾问们给她提供了有关形势的最新信息［自我探究］update是及物动词，意为更新，要……提供最新信息
（2）tendency
①She hasa tendency to talktoo much.她总是唠唠叨叨
②The armyhas becomeincreasingly restlessover themounting separatisttendencies ofthenorthern republics.军方对于北部几个共和国不断加剧的分裂倾向越来越感到不安
③There hasbeenagreat tendencytowards protectionand recycling.总的趋势一直是着眼于保护和再利用［自我探究］tendency是名词，意为倾向;其动词是tend1tendency n.（发展、思想、行为等的）倾向（常与介词to或towards连用）；趋势，趋向haveatendencytodo sth.有做某事的倾向2tend v.有……的趋势；倾向于，趋于tend todo sth.趋向于做某事tend to/towards sth.走向，趋向tendtosb./sth.照料/照管某人/物归纳拓展
④Some peoplemay inheritatendencyto alcoholism.有些人可能天生有酗酒的倾向。
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