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三、引导的独立主格构造with,without1介词withwithout+宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格构造,上面讨论过的独立主格构造的几种状况在此构造中都能体现A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn鼓like tosleep withthe windowsopen.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉=He doesn鼓like tosleep whenthe windowsare open.He stoodin therain,with hisclothes wet.他站在雨中,衣服湿透了=He stoodin therain,and hisclothes werewet.注意在〃with+名词代词+形容词〃构成的独立主格构造中,也可用已形容词化阶ing形式或-ed形式With hisson sodisappointing,the oldman feltunhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐With hisfather well-known,the boydidn鼓want tostudy.父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书B.w it h+名词代词+副词Our schoollooks evenmore beautifulwith allthe lightson.所有日勺灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美=Our schoollooks evenmore beautifulifwhen allthe lightsare on.The boywas walking,with hisfather ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走着=The boywas walkingand hisfather wasahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stoodat thedoor,with acomputer in his hand.或He stoodat thedoor,computer inhand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑=He stoodat thedoor,and acomputer wasinhis hand.Vincent satat thedesk,with apen inhis mouth.或Vincent satat thedesk,pen inmouth.文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔=Vincent satat thedesk,and he had apen inhis mouth.D.with+名词代词+动词区|-ed形式With hishomework done,Peter wentout toplay.作业做好了,彼得出去玩了=When hishomework wasdone,Peter wentout toplay.With thesignal given,the trainstarted.信号发出了,火车开始起动了=After thesignal wasgiven,the trainstarted.I wouldn鼓dare gohome withoutthe jobfinished.工作还没完毕,我不敢回家=I wouldn鼓dare gohome becausethe jobwas notfinished.E.with+名词代词+动词的J-ing形式The manfelt veryhappy with so manychildren sittingaround him.有这样多日勺孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很快乐=The manfelt veryhappy whenhe foundso manychildren sittingaround him.The girlhid herbox without anyone knowingwhere it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人懂得它在哪里=The girlhid herbox andno oneknew whereitwas.Without anyonenoticing,he slippedthrough thewindow.他趁没人注意H勺时候,从窗口溜走了=When noone was noticing,he slippedthrough thewindow.F.wit h+名词代词+动词不定式The littleboy lookssad,with so much homework to do.有这样多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很不开心=The littleboy lookssad becausehe hassomuchhomeworktodo.The kidfeels excitedwithsomany placesof interestto visit.有这样多日勺名胜可参观,小孩很激动The kidfeels excitedas thereare somany placesof interestto visit.提醒在withwithout日勺复合构造中,多数状况下with能省略,但without不能省略Without aword morespoken,she leftthe meetingroom.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室(without不能省略)
四、独立主格构造的句法功能独立主格构造在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语在形式上,〃独立主格构造〃可位于句首、句中或句尾,并一般用逗号与主句隔开A.作状语独立主格构造作状语,其功能相称于一种状语从句或并列分句Night comingon,we putourselves upin asmall hotel.夜幕来临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来=When nightcame on,we putourselves upin asmall hotel.All the guests seated,they begantheir dinner.所有欧I客人就坐后,他们才开始吃饭=When alltheguestswere seated,they begantheir dinner.With everythingshe neededbought,Grace tooka taxihome.所需要的都买好后,格雷斯打的回家了After everythingshe neededwas bought,Grace tooka taxihome.
2.表达原因With a lot ofdifficult problemsto settle,the newly-elected presidentis havinga hardtime.有许多难题要处理,新当选的I总统日子不好过=As hehas alot ofdifficult problemsto settle,the newly-elected presidentis havinga hardtime.There beingno means of transportation,he hadto walkhome atmidnight.由于在午夜没有交通工具了,他只好步行回家=As therewasnomeansoftransportation,hehadto walkhome atmidnight.Weather permitting,we willhold ouryearly sportsmeeting nextweek.假如天气容许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会=If weatherpermits,we willhold ouryearly sportsmeeting nextweek.All the work done,you canhave arest.所有工作做好后,你可以休息=As longas alltheworkis done,you canhave arest.Everything takeninto consideration,the planseems to be morepractical.假如从各方面考虑,你口勺计划似乎更实际些=If everythingis takeninto consideration,the planseems tobe morepractical.提醒表达时间、原因、条件的独立主格构造一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词【误】When classbeing over,the studentsleft theirclassroom.【正】Class beingover,the studentsleft theirclassroom.下课了,学生都离开了教室【误】The moonappearing andthey continuedtheir way.【正】The moonappearing,they continuedtheir way.月亮出来了,他们继续赶路The strangeman waswalking downthe street,with astick inhis hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖=The strangeman waswalking downthe street,and hecarried astick inhishand.The murdererwas broughtin,with hishands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后=The murdererwas broughtin,and hishands weretiedbehindhisback.Two hundredpeople diedin theaccident,many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生,其中许多是小朋友Two hundredpeople diedin theaccident andmany ofthem werechildren.B.作定语独立主格构造作定语,其功能相称于一种定语从句He isthe personwith alot of questions tobe settled,with欢I复合构造作定语,修饰the student他就是有许多问题要处理的那个人=He isthe personwho hasalotofquestionstobesettled.You canuse alarge plasticbottle withits topcut off.with日勺复合构造作定语,修饰bottle你可以使用一种颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶=You canuse alarge plasticbottle whosetop wascut off.He waswalking alongthe roadwithoutanystreet lightson itsboth sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯日勺马路上(without的复合构造作定语,修饰the road)=He waswalking alongthe roadthat didn鼓have anystreet lightson itsboth sides.提醒在这里我们讨论了诸多用连词连接H勺两个句子改为独立主格构造的状况需要提醒H勺是,不是所有用连词的I地方都可以改为独立主格构造If youstand onthe topofthemountain,the parklooks morebeautiful.假如你站在山顶上,公园看上去更美(不要改为独立主格构造)If youcheck yourtest papercarefully,some mistakescan beavoided.假如你仔细检查试卷的话,有些错误是可以防止的(不要改为独立主格构造)。
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