2023年广东省广州市天河中学高考高三英语语法一轮复习基础知识点精讲独立主格结构

三、引导的独立主格构造with,without1介词withwithout+宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格构造，上面讨论过的独立主格构造的几种状况在此构造中都能体现A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn鼓like tosleep withthe windowsopen.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉=He doesn鼓like tosleep whenthe windowsare open.He stoodin therain,with hisclothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了=He stoodin therain,and hisclothes werewet.注意在〃with+名词代词+形容词〃构成的独立主格构造中，也可用已形容词化阶ing形式或-ed形式With hisson sodisappointing,the oldman feltunhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐With hisfather well-known,the boydidn鼓want tostudy.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书B.w it h+名词代词+副词Our schoollooks evenmore beautifulwith allthe lightson.所有日勺灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美=Our schoollooks evenmore beautifulifwhen allthe lightsare on.The boywas walking,with hisfather ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着=The boywas walkingand hisfather wasahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stoodat thedoor,with acomputer in his hand.或He stoodat thedoor,computer inhand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑=He stoodat thedoor,and acomputer wasinhis hand.Vincent satat thedesk,with apen inhis mouth.或Vincent satat thedesk,pen inmouth.文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔=Vincent satat thedesk,and he had apen inhis mouth.D.with+名词代词+动词区|-ed形式With hishomework done,Peter wentout toplay.作业做好了，彼得出去玩了=When hishomework wasdone,Peter wentout toplay.With thesignal given,the trainstarted.信号发出了，火车开始起动了=After thesignal wasgiven,the trainstarted.I wouldn鼓dare gohome withoutthe jobfinished.工作还没完毕，我不敢回家=I wouldn鼓dare gohome becausethe jobwas notfinished.E.with+名词代词+动词的J-ing形式The manfelt veryhappy with so manychildren sittingaround him.有这样多日勺孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很快乐=The manfelt veryhappy whenhe foundso manychildren sittingaround him.The girlhid herbox without anyone knowingwhere it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人懂得它在哪里=The girlhid herbox andno oneknew whereitwas.Without anyonenoticing,he slippedthrough thewindow.他趁没人注意H勺时候，从窗口溜走了=When noone was noticing,he slippedthrough thewindow.F.wit h+名词代词+动词不定式The littleboy lookssad,with so much homework to do.有这样多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心=The littleboy lookssad becausehe hassomuchhomeworktodo.The kidfeels excitedwithsomany placesof interestto visit.有这样多日勺名胜可参观，小孩很激动The kidfeels excitedas thereare somany placesof interestto visit.提醒在withwithout日勺复合构造中，多数状况下with能省略，但without不能省略Without aword morespoken,she leftthe meetingroom.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室（without不能省略）

四、独立主格构造的句法功能独立主格构造在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语在形式上，〃独立主格构造〃可位于句首、句中或句尾，并一般用逗号与主句隔开A.作状语独立主格构造作状语，其功能相称于一种状语从句或并列分句Night comingon,we putourselves upin asmall hotel.夜幕来临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来=When nightcame on,we putourselves upin asmall hotel.All the guests seated,they begantheir dinner.所有欧I客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭=When alltheguestswere seated,they begantheir dinner.With everythingshe neededbought,Grace tooka taxihome.所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了After everythingshe neededwas bought,Grace tooka taxihome.

2.表达原因With a lot ofdifficult problemsto settle,the newly-elected presidentis havinga hardtime.有许多难题要处理，新当选的I总统日子不好过=As hehas alot ofdifficult problemsto settle,the newly-elected presidentis havinga hardtime.There beingno means of transportation,he hadto walkhome atmidnight.由于在午夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家=As therewasnomeansoftransportation,hehadto walkhome atmidnight.Weather permitting,we willhold ouryearly sportsmeeting nextweek.假如天气容许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会=If weatherpermits,we willhold ouryearly sportsmeeting nextweek.All the work done,you canhave arest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息=As longas alltheworkis done,you canhave arest.Everything takeninto consideration,the planseems to be morepractical.假如从各方面考虑,你口勺计划似乎更实际些=If everythingis takeninto consideration,the planseems tobe morepractical.提醒表达时间、原因、条件的独立主格构造一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词【误】When classbeing over,the studentsleft theirclassroom.【正】Class beingover,the studentsleft theirclassroom.下课了，学生都离开了教室【误】The moonappearing andthey continuedtheir way.【正】The moonappearing,they continuedtheir way.月亮出来了，他们继续赶路The strangeman waswalking downthe street,with astick inhis hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着，手里拿着根手杖=The strangeman waswalking downthe street,and hecarried astick inhishand.The murdererwas broughtin,with hishands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后=The murdererwas broughtin,and hishands weretiedbehindhisback.Two hundredpeople diedin theaccident,many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是小朋友Two hundredpeople diedin theaccident andmany ofthem werechildren.B.作定语独立主格构造作定语，其功能相称于一种定语从句He isthe personwith alot of questions tobe settled,with欢I复合构造作定语,修饰the student他就是有许多问题要处理的那个人=He isthe personwho hasalotofquestionstobesettled.You canuse alarge plasticbottle withits topcut off.with日勺复合构造作定语,修饰bottle你可以使用一种颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶=You canuse alarge plasticbottle whosetop wascut off.He waswalking alongthe roadwithoutanystreet lightson itsboth sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯日勺马路上（without的复合构造作定语，修饰the road）=He waswalking alongthe roadthat didn鼓have anystreet lightson itsboth sides.提醒在这里我们讨论了诸多用连词连接H勺两个句子改为独立主格构造的状况需要提醒H勺是，不是所有用连词的I地方都可以改为独立主格构造If youstand onthe topofthemountain,the parklooks morebeautiful.假如你站在山顶上，公园看上去更美（不要改为独立主格构造）If youcheck yourtest papercarefully,some mistakescan beavoided.假如你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以防止的（不要改为独立主格构造）。