2025届高考英语 热考话题组合练 第八组　人与自然——自然生态课件第　组合练二十二　阅读提速练

第八组人与自然——自然生态组合练

（二十二）阅读提速练I.四选一阅读（每小题

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37.5分）A（2024・河南开封一模）Volunteer WildlifeTransporters Needed!What isa wildlife transporter•Wildlife transportershelp getrescued sick,injured andorphaned wildlifefrom arescuer,carer orvetclinic toa wildlifehospital ora wildlifecarer.•All wildlifewill besecurely containedfor safetransport,so nohandling experienceis required.Whatequipment do I need•A reliablevehicle with air-conditioning andsufficient roomto placetransport carriers.A standardSUVis sufficient.•Basic rescuesupplies一Cardboard boxesof varioussizes一Plastic rescuebaskets一Pet carriers•Other supplies一Second-hand towels,pillowcases orother softcloth forlining andcovering transport carriers一Notebook andpen/pencil formarking boxesand completingpaperwork一Packing/sticky tapeto securecardboard boxesand toattach paperworkto the animal scarrier•Specialised transportcarriers（）Some wildlifesuch askoalas,snakes willalready becontained in a morespecialised transportcarrierby therescuer andtheanimalwill remainin thatcarrier fortransport.You doNOT need to have thesespecialised carriers.How doI getstarted•Become aWildcare member-join onlineat https/lwildcare.org,aidhelp-us/join!.•Register forand attenda Rescueand FirstAid forWildlife workshop——all trainingworkshops arefreefor members.•Get yourbasic suppliesready aslisted above.•Complete theonline Rescue/Transport ListApplication Form.•Join theWildcare members-only Facebookgroups——Wildcare WildlifeTransport FacebookgroupAVildcareCommunity Facebookgroup.Then what•Keep usup todate withyour contactdetails sowe canget in touch quickly and easily.•Keep aneye outfor postsfrom wildliferescuers andcarers askingfor assistancewith transporting.•Keep yourmobile handyso youdon tmiss callsfor help.

1.What equipmentdoes a volunteer wildlifetransporter need to haveA.Metal rescuebaskets.B.An air-conditioned car.C.Some specializedcarriers.D.New towelsor pillowcases.

2.What isavolunteerwildlifetransporterexpected todoA.Pay for the trainingworkshops.B・Ask forassistance whennecessary.C.Update theircontact informationin time.D.Complete theapplication formwithapen.

3.What typeof writingis the textA.A review.B.A report.C.A paper.D.An advertisement.B（2024・山东联考）At ancientsites across the Amazon River basin,mysterious plotsof unusuallyrich soildot（点缀）the landscape.Scientists havelong debatedthe originof this“dark earth，which isdarker incolor thansurroundingsoils andricher incarbon.Some peoplethink thisdark earthformed naturally,but thelatestresearch hasshown thatmodern Kuikuropeople inBrazil createsimilar soilaround theirvillages onpurpose,which addsevidence to the ideathat long-ago Amazonsdeliberately madesuch soiltoo.Perron,an earthscientist atMIT,reviewed interviewsof Kuikuropeople conductedby aKuikurofilmmaker in2018and foundthat Kuikurovillagers activelymake dark earth byusing ash,food bitsandcontrolled bums.u Whenyou plantin hillyland,the soil is weak,“explained elderKanu Kuikuroin one ofthe interviews.That iswhy wethrow theash,manioc peelingsand maniocpulp.When comparingsoilsamples fromancient andmodern sites,researchers foundu strikingsimilaritiesv-both werefar lessacidicthan surroundingsoils andcontained higherlevels ofplant-friendly nutrients.Analyses alsorevealed thatdark earthholds twicethe amount of carbon as surroundingsoils onaverage.Scans（扫描）of theXingu regionsuggest that the areais dottedwith dark earth,and thatas muchasabout9million tonsof carbon-the annual carbon emissions of asmall,industrialized country-may havedisappearedin the area.This numbercould roughlyequal the annual carbon emissions of the UnitedStateswhen alldark earthacross the Amazon istaken into consideration,“Perron says.Figuring outthe truevalue ofcarbon storedin the Amazon sdark earthwill requiremore data.Still,the researchhas significantinfluences ontheAmazons future.The techniquehighlights howancientpeople wereable tolive in theAmazonby developingsustainable farmingthat doubledas acarbon-storing technique.With moreand moregreenhouse gasesentering theatmosphere,it couldalsoprovide ablueprint fordeveloping methodsof sustainablylocking atmosphericcarbon in the soil,helpingfight climate change.

4.What canwe inferabout thedark earthacross theAmazonRiverbasinA.They aremore acidic than surroundingsoils.B・They containmore organicnutrients.C・They formednaturally.D.They containless carbon.

5.Why doesthe authormention theannualcarbon emissionsof the USA.To explainthe difficultyof protectingdark earth.B-To showthe widedistribution of darkearthin Amazon.C.To stressthe hugecarbon-storing capabilityof darkearth.D.To revealthe largecarbonemissionsof theUnited States.

6.What doesthe authorstress inthe last paragraphA.The importanceof developingsustainable farming.B-The advancedfarming technologyin ancienttimes.C.A possiblesolution toclimate change.D.A wayof greenagriculture.

7.Which is the besttitle of thetextA,Urgency ofSustainable DevelopmentB.Facts Aboutthe DarkEarthC・Advantages of the DarkEarthD・Wisdom ofAncient AmazonsCSoot（煤烟灰）pollution isspeeding upclimate-driven meltingin Antarctica,a newstudy suggests,raising questionsabout howto protectthe delicatecontinent froman increasingnumber ofhumans whowantto visit the place.“Weally makesus question,Is ourpresence reallyneededsays AliaKhan,oneofthe authorsofthe newstudy.We havequite alarge blackcarbon footprintin Antarctica,which isenhancing snow andice melt.”Black carbonistheleftover thingfrom burningplants orfossil fuels.Soot in Antarctica comesprimarilyfrom wastegases ofcruise ships（游轮），vehicles andairplanes,although somepollution travelsonthe windfrom otherparts ofthe globe.The darkparticles（微粒）coat whitesnow andabsorb heatfromthe sunthe waya blackT-shirt doeson awarm day.The blanketof dark bits speedsup melting,which hasalreadybeen happeningmore quicklybecause ofglobal warming.When snow and iceare uncovered,they reflectan enormousamountofsunlight beforeit canturninto heat.These arethe mirrorson ourplanet,“says Sonia Nagorski,a scientistat theUniversity ofAlaskaSoutheast.u When those mirrors are covered ina film ofdarkbits,they dont sendback that muchlight andheat.That meansmore heatis trappedon Earth,speeding upmelting andcontributing toglobalwarming.”As ascientist whopersonally visitsAntarctica everyyear,Khan saysshe istroubled byher ownresearchresults.On theone hand,she goesto Antarctica to collectcrucial dataabout howquickly thesnowand icethere aredisappearing.But thenwhen wecome toconclusions likethis,it reallydoes makeusthink twiceabout howfrequently weneedto visit thecontinent,“she says,“and whatkinds ofregulationsshould beplaced ontourism aswell.That couldmean requiringthat cruiseships andvehiclesbe electric,for example,or limitingthe numberof visitorseach year.

8.What doesthe underlinedword“It”refer toin paragraph2A.That thicksnowand ice coverAntarctica allyear round.B・More and more peoples hopingto exploreAntarctica.C.Stopping sootfrom approachingAntarctica.D.Tapping naturalresources inAntarctica.

9.Why isa blackT-shirt spokenof in paragraph3A.To makea guess.B.To makea comment.C.To makea comparison.D.To makea conclusion.

10.What doesSoniaNagorskiexpress inparagraph4A.Heat canbe madefull useof inAntarctica.B,Uncovered snowandicecan trapmore heat.C.Speeding upmelting canslow downglobal warming.D.Snow andice coveredwith darkparticles reflectless sunlight.

11.What canwe inferfrom whatKhan saysinthe lastparagraphA.She helpsmake regulationsabout travelinAntarctica.B,She oftenleads touriststovisitAntarctica.C.Trips toAntarctica shouldbe controlled.D.Tourism canhelp todevelop Antarctica.D（2024•江苏南京、盐城一模）Scientists haveshown how plants canprotect themselvesagainst genetic（基因的）damage causedbyenvironmental stresses.The growingtips ofplant roots and shootshave anin-built mechanism（机制）that spellscell deathif DNA damage isdetected,avoiding passingon faultyDNA.Plants havesmall populationsof stem cells（干细月包）at thetips oftheir rootsand shoots,whichenable themto continuouslygrow andproduce newtissues throughout their lifetime.These stem cellsserve asancestors forplant tissuesand organs.However,any genetic faults presentinthestemcellswillcontinue toexist andbe passedon permanentlythroughoutthe plant slife,which couldlast thousandsofyears.Given thecritical roleof stemcells andtheir exposureto potentiallydangerous environmentsat thegrowingtips ofrootsand shoots,safeguards arenecessary toprevent stemcell faultsfrom becomingfixed.Researchers NickFulcher andRobert Sablowski,funded bythe Biotechnologyand BiologicalSciencesResearch Council,aimed touncover theseprotective mechanisms.Through experimentsinvolving X-rays andchemicals,they discoveredthat stemcells were more sensitive to DNAdamagecompared toother cells.When DNAdamage occurs,the cellshavethecapacity todetect itand causeprogrammed cellsto die,preventing thepropagation ofthe damagedgenetic codeto the rest ofthe plant tissues.This processhassimilarities to the safeguardmechanism foundin animalcells,which hasbeen broadlystudied dueto itsrelevancein preventingcancer.The identificationof asimilar protectivesystem inplants is of greatinterest inthe fieldof plantdevelopment.lt alsohelps scientistsdevelop plants that canbetter handleenvironmental stress.Soknowledge ofhowplantsdeal withthese stressesisoffundamental significanceto agriculturalscience,sresponse toclimate change.

12.What isthe functionofthein-built mechanismin plantsA.To producemore rootsand shoots.B・To increasethe overalllifetime oftheplant.C.To enhanceplant growthand nutrientintake.D.To stopgeneticfaultsin stemcells passingon.

13.What canwe knowabout stemcells inplants accordingtothetextA.They arerelatively abundantin quantity.B.They areresistant toenvironmental stresses.C.They makequick responseto DNAdamage.D.They havethe abilityto repairthe damagedDNA.

14.What doesthe underlinedword“propagation“inparagraph4meanA.Spread.B.Change.C.Existence.D.Self-repair.

15.What doesthelastparagraph focusonA.The wayof dealingwith climatechange onthe earth.B.The significanceof identifyingthe protectivesystem inplants.C.The methodof ensuringplant survivalunder environmental stress.D.The urgencyof developingplantsthatcan handleenvironmentalstress.n.七选五阅读（每小题

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12.5分）（2024•江苏苏州二模）In earlyOctober,Travis Giengertransported anenormous pumpkin（南瓜）from hishome inMinnesotatotheWorld ChampionshipPumpkin Weigh-Off inCalifornia.His pumpkinset therecord forthebiggest oneever grownin NorthAmerica.How docompetitive growersget theirpumpkins togrow tomassive sizes16Gienger,who teacheshorticulture（园艺学）at AnokaTechnical College,begins growinghispumpkins inmid-April,starting withseeds thathe growsindoors forthe firstfew weeks,whenMinnesotaJ ssoilistoo frosty,17They canabsorb sunlight,nutrients fromthe soil,and waterthere.Attheir peak,you rewatering themwith atleast600liters aday,“he says.Depending onthe variety,pumpkin plantscan growup toa dozenfruits ona singlevine（藤）.Butto maximize size,growers removeall butone ortwo ofthese pumpkinsin orderto decrease eachindividual fruits competition for resources.18But whatexactly happensinside apumpkin asit growsTwo factorsdrive naturalgrowthcelldivision and cell expansion.Cell divisionaccounts formost ofthe growthatthebeginning ofa fruit，slife.This periodlasts forabout20days inpumpkin plants.19Pumpkin cellswill expanduntil around50or60days afterpollination（授粉）.20Some varietiesof pumpkinshave beenbred specificallyto maximizetheir size.Stilh there isgenetic variationeven amongpumpkins ofthe samevariety.This hasled tocompetitionforthe bestseeds.Following eachharvest,many growersauction off（拍卖掉）the seedsfrom theirbiggest pumpkins,which will then beused forthe followingyear,s plantings.A.Biology hasthe answers.B・Genetics alsoinfluences pumpkingrowth.C.The followingtips willgive youa headstart.D.Once itwarms up,the plantsare transferredoutside.E.When itstops,cell expansionwillthencome intoplay.F.Growers extendthe growthperiod foras longas possible.G.Growers alsoremove theweeds intheareaforthe same reason.答案精析I.语篇解读这是一篇应用文文章是一则野生动物运输志愿者的招聘启事一

1.B［细节理解题根据What equipmentdoIneed部分中“•A reliablevehicle withair-conditioning andsufficient roomto placetransportcarriers.可知，野生动物运输志愿者需要有配备空调的汽车A项与原文不符；根据“You doNOT needto havethese specialisedcarriers v可知，C项错误；根据・Other supplies部分可知，D项错误故选B］

2.C［细节理解题根据Then what部分中”•Keep usup todate withyour contactdetails sowe cangetintouchquicklyandeasily.v可知，野生动物运输志愿者应该及时更新联系方式故选C］

3.D［文章体裁题根据标题uVolunteer WildlifeTransporters Needed!”再结合下文对志愿者要求的介绍可推知，文章是一则招聘野生动物运输志愿者的广告故选D］语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了亚马孙黑土地是人为形成的，而非自然现象，这一发现对于对抗全球气候变化有一定作用改造黑土地的技术为对抗全球气候变化提供了可能的解决方案故选C］

7.B［标题归纳题文章前两段介绍了黑土地是人为改造的，第三段介绍了黑土地极强的碳吸附能力，最后一段介绍了黑土地为对抗全球气候变化提供了可能的解决方案，综合可知，本文主要介绍了关于黑土地的一些信息，由此可推知，B项“关于黑土地的事实”最适合作文章标题故选B］语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了人类对南极洲的频繁考察，导致煤烟污染加速了南极洲气温的上升，加速了冰雪融化，人们对此情况反思该如何降低对南极洲的考察频率，从而减少对南极洲生态环境的破坏

8.B［代词指代题第一段提到煤烟灰污染正加速南极冰雪的融化，而越来越多的人想游览南极洲，结合画线词所在句可知，It使人们反思自己的到来是否必要，综合可知，It指代上文中提到的“越来越多的人希望探索南极洲”这个问题故选B］

9.C［推理判断题根据第三段中“The darkparticles（微粒）coat whitesnowandabsorb heatfrom thesunthe waya blackT-shirt doesonawarm day.”可推知，第三段提到黑色T恤是为了作对照，生动地解释深色微粒吸收热量的方式故选C］

10.D［细节理解题根据第四段中“Whenthosemirrorsarecoveredinafilmofdarkbits,they donJtsend backthatmuchlight andheat.可知，被覆盖着深色颗粒的冰雪反射的阳光较少故选D］

11.C［推理判断题根据最后一段中“But thenwhen wecome toconclusions likethis,it reallydoesmake usthink twiceabout howfrequently weneedtovisitthecontinent...and whatkinds ofregulationsshould beplaced ontourism aswell.v可推断，去南极洲的旅行应该受到控制故选C］语篇解读这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的基因损害

12.D［细节理解题根据第一段中“The growingtips ofplant rootsandshootshave anin-builtmechanism（机制）that spellscell deathif DNAdamage isdetected,avoiding passingon faultyDNA.”可知，植物的这种与生俱来的机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去故选Do］

13.C［细节理解题根据第三段中“Through experimentsinvolvingX-rays andchemicals,theydiscovered thatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecompared toother cells.v可次口,植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤很敏感，能做出快速反应故选C］

14.A［词义猜测题根据画线词所在句尤其是atotherestoftheplanttissues可知,当DNA损伤出现时，干细胞有能力检测到它并使相应细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传信息传播到植物组织的其他部分故画线词“propagation”意为“传播”故选A］

15.B［段落大意题根据最后一段内容可知，本段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义故选B］II.语篇解读这是一篇说明文文章从生物学的角度解释了种植者是如何让他们的南瓜长得很大的

16.A甘艮据前文“How docompetitive growersget theirpumpkins togrow tomassivesizes”可知，此处承接上文，应是关于这个问题的答案，所以选项A“生物学有答案”切合文意，且引出下文的具体解释故选A］

17.D［前文提到在四月中旬在室内播种，此时当地土壤还有霜，根据后文“They canabsorb sunlight,nutrients fromthe soil,and waterthere.可知，之后植株要被转移到外面,所以选项D“一旦天气变暖，这些植物就被转移到室外”切合文意故选D］

18.G［才艮据前文“But to maximizesize,growers removeall butone ortwo ofthese pumpkinsin ordertodecreaseeachindividual fruits competitionfor resources.可知，为了确保单个果实轻松获得足够的养分，种植者会移除过多的植株，所以选项G“种植者也出于同样的原因清除该地区的杂草“切合文意故选G］

19.E［根据前文“Two factorsdrive naturalgrowth:cell divisionandcell...lasts forabout20days inpumpkinplants.”本口后文“Pumpkin cellswill expanduntil around50or60days afterpollination（授粉）.”可知，空处与细胞扩张有关，所以选项E“当它停止时，细胞扩张就会开始”承上启下，切合文意，it指代前文的Cell division故选E］

20.B［才艮据后文“Some varietiesof pumpkinshave beenbred specificallytomaximizetheir size.Still,thereisgenetic variationeven amongpumpkins ofthesamevariety.“可次口，基因也会影响南瓜的大小所以选项B“基因也会影响南瓜的生长”切合文意故选B］

4.B［推理判断题根据第二段中“When comparingsoil samples...far lessacidicthansurrounding soilsandcontained higherlevels ofplant-friendly nutrients.v可知，黑土地富含更多的利于植物成长的营养物质，也就是有机营养成分故选B］

5.C［推理判断题根据第三段中“Scans（扫描）oftheXingu regionsuggest that...456This numbercouldroughly equaltheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUnited Stateswhen alldarkearthacrosstheAmazon istakenintoconsideration,Perron says.”可知，这个地区的黑土地可以吸附的碳数量相当于一个小型工业化国家的碳排量，而如果将整个亚马孙地区的黑土计算在内，吸附的碳可能等于美国一年的碳排量由此可推知，作者提到美国每年的碳排放量是为了强调黑土地巨大的碳储存能力故选C］

6.C［推理判断题根据最后一段中“With moreandmoregreenhouse gasesentering theatmosphere,itcould alsoprovide ablueprint fordeveloping methodsof sustainablylocking atmosphericcarbon inthesoil,helping fightclimatechange.”可知，作者在最后一段想要强调。