2015年12月英语六级真题及答案

Part IWriting30minutes2015年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷一）Directions:For thispart,you are allowed30minutes towrite ashort essaybased on thepicture below.You shouldfocus on the impactof social networking websiteson reading.You arereauired towrite atleast150words butno more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension30minutesSection A

1.A Therestaurant offerssome specialseach day.B Therestaurant isknown for its foodvarieties.“I lovereading.I read about3hours aday.C Thedressing makMeysftahvoerimteibxoeodkissaFlaacdebvoeokryFaincevbiotoinkgis.the nameof asocial networking website.D Thewoman shouldmix theingredients thoroughly.

2.A Hetook over the firmfrom Mary.B Heis runninga successfulbusiness.C Hefailed toforesee majorproblems.D Heis openinga newconsulting firm.

3.A.Someone should be putin charge of officesupplies.B Theman canleave thediscs in the officecabinet.C Theman mayfind thesupplies in the cabinet.down thedata,too.Imagine howintimidating itcan befor prospectivestudents unfamiliarwith the complexitiesof higher education tonavigate thiskind of information and thenidentify whichschools are the bestfit.[K]It wasthis lack of informationthat promptedthe launchof Pm First in2013,originally as an annualof itsumbrella organization,the CenterFor StudentOpportunity.Ifwe can help todirect students to more of thesetypes ofcampuses andhelp students tounderstand them to berealistic and accessible places,have themapply to these schoolsatgreater frequencyand ultimatelyget in and enroll,we are going toraise thesuccess rate/*Rubin offsaid,citing avariety of colleges rangingfrom largestate institutionsto smallerprivateschools.[L]Chelsea Jones,who nowdirects studentprogramming atIm First,was afirst-generation collegestudent atHoward.Like otherstudent newto theintimidatinghigher-education world,she oftenstruggled on her pathto college,There wasn*t reallyacollege-bound cultureat myhigh school/1she said.nI wanted to go to collegebut Ididntreally know the process.H Jonesbecame involvedwith a college-access programthroughPrinceton Universityin high school.Now,she attributesmuch ofher understandingofcollege tothat:But onceI got to campus,it was a completelydifferent ballgame thatnoone reallyprepared mefor.n[M]She wasfortunate,though.Howard,a well-regarded historicallyblack college,had anarray ofresources for its first-generation students,including matchingkids withcounselors,comecting first-generation students to oneanother,and TRIO,a nationalprogramthat supported200students onHowards campus.Still,Jones representsa smallpercentageof first-generation studentswho areable togain entryinto moreeliteuniversities,which areoften knownfor robustfinancial aidpackages and remarkablyhighgraduation ratesfor first-generation students.Harvard,for example,boasts asix-yeargraduation rate for underrepresentedminority groupsof98percent.[N]Christian Vazquez,a first-generation Yalegraduate,is anotherexception,hissuccess storysetting himfar apartfrom studentssuch asNijay.There is a lot of supportatYale,to anextent,after awhile,there is too muchsupport/*he said,half-joking about thecountless resourcesavailable at the school.Students areplaced insmall groupswithcounselors trainedseniors oncampus;they have access tocultural andethnic affinity联系groups,tutoring centersand alsohave asummer orientationspecifically forfirst-generation studentsthe latterbeing one of themost commonprograms for students.[O]Our supportstructure wasmore like:You aregoing to get throughYale;you aregoing to do well/nhesaid,hinting atmentors（导师），staff,and professorswho allprovidedsignificant supportfor studentswho lackedconfidence aboutbelonging atsucha topinstitution.

46.Many first-generation college-goers havedoubts about their abilitiesto getacollege degree.

47.First-generation college students tend to havemuch heavierfinancial burdensthan their peers.

48.The graduationrate offirst-generation studentsat Nijaysuniversity wasincrediblylow.

49.Some topinstitutions likeYale seem to providefirst-generation studentswithmore supportthan theyactually need.

50.On enteringcollege,Nijay Williamshad noidea howchallenging collegeeducationwas.

51.Many universitiessimply refuseto releasetheir exactgraduation ratesforfirst-generation students.

52.According to a marketingexecutive,many studentsfrom low-income familiesdon*t knowthey couldhave achance ofgoing to an eliteuniversity.

53.Some eliteuniversities attachgreat importanceto buildingup the first-generationstudents*serf-confidence.

54.PmFirstdistributes informationto helpfirst-generation college-goers findschoolsthat aremost suitablefor them.

55.Elite universitiestend tograduate first-generation studentsat a higher rate.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followedby somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmarkedA.B.,C.and D.You shoulddecide on the bestchoice andmark thefcorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on thefollowing passage.Saying they can nolonger ignorethe risingprices ofhealth care,some of the mostinfluential medical groupsin thenation arerecommending thatdoctors weighthe costs,notjust theeffectiveness oftreatments,as theymake decisions about patient care.The shift,little noticedoutside themedical establishmentbut alreadycontroversial insideit,suggeststhat doctorsare startingto redefinetheir roles,from beingconcerned exclusivelyaboutindividual patientsto exertinginfluence onhow health care dollarsare spent.In practicalterms,the newguidelines beingdeveloped couldresult indoctors choosingone drugoveranother forcost reasonsor evendeciding that a particulartreatment-at theend of life,forexample-is tooexpensive.In theextreme,some criticshave saidthat making treatmentdecisions based on costis a form ofrationing.Traditionally,guidelines haveheavilyinfluenced thepractice of medicine,and the latest onesare expectedto makedoctors moreconsciousof the economic consequencesof their decisions,even thoughtheres noobligationto followthem.Medical societyguidelines arealso used by insurancecompaniesto helpdetermine reimbursement（报销）policies.Some doctorssee apotential conflictintrying to be bothproviders ofpatient careand financialOverseers.HThere should be forcesin societywho should be concerned about thebudget,but they shouldnt befunctioning simultaneouslyas doctors/said Dr.MartinSamuels at a Bostonhospital.He saiddoctors riskedlosing thetrust of patients if they toldpatients,nrm notgoing to do whatI thinkis bestfor youbecause Ithink itsbad for thehealth carebudget inMassachusetts.Doctors canface somegrim trade-offs.Studies haveshown,for example,that twodrugs areaboutequally effective in treatingmacular degeneration,and eyedisease.But onecosts$5（）a doseand the other close to$2,

000.Medicare couldsave hundredsof millionsofdollars a year ifeveryone usedthe cheaperdrug,Avastin,instead of the costlierone,Lucentis.But theFood and Drug Administrationhas not approved Avastinfor usein theeye.and usingit ratherthan thealternative,Lucentis,might carryan additional,altheughslight,safety risk.Should doctorsconsider Medicaresbudget indeciding whatto useIthink ethically（在道德层面上）we are just worriedabout thepatient in front ofus andnottrying to save money for theinsurance industryor society as a whole,said Dr.DonaldJensen.Still,some analystssay that therefs arole fordoctors toplay incost analysisbecause not many others aredoing so.nIn some ways,“said Dr.Daniel Sulmasy,nitrepresents afailure ofwider societyto takeup the issue.n

56.What dosome mostinfluentialmedicalgroups recommenddoctors doAReflect on the responsibilitiesthey aresupposed totake.B Paymore attention to theeffectiveness of their treatments.C Takecosts into account whenmakingtreatmentdecisions.D Readjust their practicein viewof thecuts inhealthcare.

57.What weredoctors mainlyconcernedaboutin thepastA Specificmedicines to be used.B Effectsof medicaltreatment.C Professionaladvancement.D Patients*trust.

58.What maythe newguidelines beingdeveloped leadtoA Theredefining ofdoctors*roles.B Overuse of less effective medicines.C Conflictsbetween doctorsand patients.D Theprolonging ofpatients1suffering.

59.What riskdo doctorssee in their dualrole aspatientcareproviders andfinancialoverseersA Theymay beinvolved in a conflictof interest.B Theymay beforced todivide theirattention.C Theymay have to uselesseffectivedrugs.D Theymay losethe respectofpatients.

60.What dosome expertssay aboutdoctors1involvement inmedical costanalysisA It mayadd to doctors1already heavyworkloads.B Itwill help tosavemoneyforsocietyas awhole.C Itresults fromsocietys failureto tacklethe problem.D Itraises doctorsawareness of their socialresponsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are based on thefollowing passage.Economic inequalityis thedefining challengeof ourtime,President BarackObamadeclared in a speechlast monthto theCenter forAmerican Progress.Inequality isdangerous,he argued,not merelybecause itdoesn!t lookgood to have a large gapbetweenthe rich and thepoor,but becauseinequality itselfdestroys upward mobility,making itharderfor thepoor toescape frompoverty.Increased inequalityand decreasingmobilitypose afundamental threatto theAmerican Dream,nhesaid.Obama is only themostprominent publicfigure todeclare inequalityPublic EnemyNo.1and thegreatest threattoreducing povertyin America.A number of prominenteconomists have also arguedthat itsharderfor thepoor to climb theeconomic laddertoday because the rungs（横档）in thatladderhave grownfarther apart.For all the newattention devotedto the1percent,a newdamset from the EqualityofOpportunity Projectat Harvardand Berkeleysuggests that,if wecare aboutupwardmobility overall,were vastlyexaggerating thedangers of the rich—poor gap.Inequalityitself is notaparticularly strongpredictor ofeconomic mobility,as sociologistScottWinship notedin arecent articlebasedonhis analysis of thisdata.So whatfactors,at thecommunitylevel,do predictif poor children willmove up theeconomicladder asadtdtswhat explains,for instance,why theSalt Lake City metro area isone of the100largestmetropolitan areasmost likely to liftthe fortunesof thepoor and the Atlantametroareaisone of the leastlikelyHarvard economistRaj Chertyhas pointedto economicand racialsegregation,community density,the sizeof acommunitys middle class,the qualityof schools,community religiosity,and familystructure,which hecalls thensingle strongestcorrelate ofupwardmobility.Chetty findsthat communities like SaltLake City,with highlevels oftwo-parent familiesand religiosity,are muchmore likely to seepoorchildrenget aheadthancommunitieslikeAtlanta,with highlevels of racial and economic segregation.Chettyhas notyet issueda comprehensiveanalysisof the relativepredictive powerof eachof thesefactors.Based onmy analysesof thedata,of thefactors thatChetty hashighlighted,thefollowing threeseem to be mostpredictive ofupwardmobilityin agiven community:E.Per-capita（人均）income growth（）F Prevalenceof singlemothers wherecorrelation isstrong,but negativeGPer-capita localgovernment spendingIn otherwords,communities with high levelsofper-capita income growth,high percentagesof two-parent families,and highlocalgovernment spending-which maystand forgood schools-are themost likelyto help poorchildren reliveHoratio Algersrags-to-riches story.

61.How doesObama vieweconomic inequalityA It is the biggestobstacle to social mobility.B It is thegreatest threatto socialstability.C It is theNo.1enemy of incomegrowth.D It is themost malicioussocial evilof ourtime.

62.What dowe learnabout theinequality gapfrom ScottWinships dataanalysisA It isfast wideningacross mostparts ofAmerica.B It is nota reliableindicator ofeconomic mobility.C It is notcorrectly interpreted.D It is overwhelminglyignored.

63.Compared withAtlanta,metropolitan SaltLakeCityis said toA haveplaced religiousbeliefs aboveparty politicsBhave bridgedthe gapbetween therichand the poorCoffer poorchildren morechances toclimb the social ladderDsuffer fromhigher levelsofracialandeconomicsegregation

64.What isstrongly correlatedwith socialmobility accordingto economistRajChertyA Familystructure.B Racialequality.C Schooleducation.D Communitydensity.

65.What doesthe authorseem tosuggestA It is important to increasethe sizeof the middleclass.B It is highlyimportanttoexpand themetropolitan areas.C Itis mostimperative tofocus ourefforts on the elimination ofincomeinequality.D Itis betterto startfrom thecommunity to helppoorchildren moveupthe socialladder.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes totranslate a passage fromChineseinto English.You shouldwrite youranswer onAnswer Sheet

2.在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定即使孩子根本不感兴趣然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系【参考答案】【参考范文】As we can seefrom the picture,a pairof loversis discussingabout reading.To ouramusement,the boysays hisfavorite bookis Facebook.While the picture isseeminglyhumorous andridiculous,it is thought-provoking onsecond thought,intending toinform usthat the Internethas exertedan importantimpact onour dailyreading.Opinions varywhen it comes to the impactof socialnetworking websiteson reading.Some peopleinsist thatsocialnetworking websites providelarge collectionsof informationatgreat speedand stimulateour readinginterest.On theother hand,some peopleclaim thatit is acommon phenomenonthat youngstersspend toomuch timereading onsocialnetworking websites,and it is thesewebsites maketeenagers haveless opportunitiesortime to read traditionalbooks.There is a sayinggoes likethis,Every coinhas twosides.So there is nosurprise thatthere are differentopinions on the impactof socialnetworking websitesonreading.However,I amacollegestudent,as convincedthat it is necessaryfor us toread onsocialnetworkingwebsites,but it is alsoof greaternecessity forustoreadtraditional books,because socialnetworkingwebsitesarejust tools anda heavydependenceon itwill bringmore harmthan good.【1-5】CBCAA[6-10]DBCBD[11-15]DADCB[16-20]BADDB[21-25]ACBAD[26-30]eternaldiminishing absolutesucceed、on avast scale[31-35]As regards、L36-40]EOKLA[41-45]FHICDused updisposingmodificationmagnitude[46-50]HCBNA[51-55]IGODM【56-60]CBADC[61-65]ABCAD【翻译参考译文】In China,parents alwaystry everymeans tohelp their children,and evenmakeimportant decisionsfor them.They nevercare what the childrenreally wantbecause theybelievethat it is goodfor thechildren.As aresult,childrens growthand educationtend tosurrenderto thewills of their parents.If parentsdecide tosign up for theirchildren totake anextra classto increasetheir chancesofbeing admittedto akey school,they willstick to theirdecision,even iftheirchildrenarenot interestedin it.In theUnited States,however,parents arelikelytorespect theirchildrens opinions,and topay moreattention to their opinionsin making decisions.It may be worthyof praisefor the Chinese parentsto attachgreat importancetoeducation.However,theyshouldlearn howto balancethe relationshipbetween parentsandthe childrenfrom Americanparents whenit comesto education.2015年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷二）Part Iminutes Writing30Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite ashort essaybasedon thepicture below.You shouldfocus on the difficultyin acquiringusefulinformation inspite of advanced information technology.You arerequired toPart II ListeningComprehension30minuteswrite atleast150words butno more than200words.Section ADirections:In this section,you willhear8short conversationsand2long conversations.At theend ofeach conversation,one ormore questionswill be asked aboutwhatwas said.Both theconversation and the questionswill bespoken onlyonce.After eachquestion therewill be a pause.During thepause,you mustreadthe fourchoices markedA,B,C.and D・,and decidewhich is the bestanswer.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet I with a single“We have lots ofinformationtechnology.linethrough the centre.We justdont havemuch usefulinformation.

1.A She is impatientto learncomputer programming.B Sheis unawareher operationsystem isoutdated.C Sheis unable to usethe newcomputer program.D Sheis amazedat thefast change of technology.

2.A Hehas longbeen fedup withtraveling.B Heprefers tostay homefor theholiday.C Heis goingout oftown for a coupleof days.D Heis annoyedby theheavy trafficdowntown.

3.A Thechallenges facingEast Asia.B Thelocation for their newoffice.C Theirexpansion into the overseas marketD Theliving expensesin Tokyoand Singapore.

4.A Anumber ofcell phoneswere foundafter the last show.B Thewoman forgotwhere shehad left her cellphone.C Thewoman wasvery pleasedto findher cellphone.D Reservedtickets could be pickedup at the ticketcounter.

5.A Thebuilding materialswill bedelivered soon.B Theproject isbeing heldup bybad weather.C Theconstruction schedulemay not be met.D Qualifiedcarpenters are not easy to find.

6.A Sheis gettingvery forgetfulthese days.B She does nothold onto bitterfeelings.C Sheresents the way she is treated.D Shenever intendsto hurtanyone.

7.A Theman wantsto renta smallapartment.B Thewoman hastrouble gettinga mortgage.C Thewoman is moving to a foreigncountry.D Theman istrying tosell thewoman ahouse.

8.A They are writinga storyfor theMorning News.

9.Theyarefacing greatchallenges toget re-elected.D Theprinter in the officehas runout ofpaper.

4.A Hehas to use amagnifying glassto seeclearly.B Thewoman canuse hisglasses toread.C Hehas thedictionary thewoman wants.D Thedictionary is not ofmuch helpto him.

5.A Redecoratingher office.B Majoringin interiordesign.C Seekingprofessional advice.D Addingsome officefurniture.

6.A Problemsin portmanagement.B Improvementof portfacilities.C Delayedshipment ofgoods.D Shortageof containerships.

7.A Theirboss.B Acolleague.C Theirworkload.D Acoffee machine.

8.A Call the hotelmanager forhelp.B Postponethe eventuntil alater date.C Holdthe banquetat adifferent place.D Getan expertto correctthe error.Questions9to11are basedon theconversation you have justheard.

9.A Heshares some of thehousehold duties.B Heoften goesback homelate fordinner.C Hecooks dinnerfor thefamily occasionally.D Hedines outfrom time to timewith friends.

10.A Totake him to dinner.C Theyare launchinga campaignto attractwomen voters.D Theyare conductinga surveyamong thewomen intown.Questions9to11are basedon theconversation you have justheard.

9.A Touchhis heart.B Makehim cry.C Remindhim of his life.D Makehim feelyoung.

10.A Heis goodat singingoperas.B Heenjoys complicatedmusic:C Hecan singany songif helikes it.D Heloves countrymusic in particular.

11.A Gotoabar anddrink forhours.B Goto anisolated placeto singblues.C Goto seea performancein aconcert hall.D Goto workand wraphimself up in music.Questions12to15are basedon theconversation you have justheard.

12.A Howhe becamean announcer.B Howhe writesnews stories.C Howhe makeshis living.D Howhedoeshis job.

13.A Theywrite the first versionof news stories.B Theygather news stories on the spot.C Theypolish incomingnews stories.D Theywrite commentson majornewsstories.

14.A Readingthrough the newsstoriesin agiven periodof time.B Havinglittle time toreadthe newsbefore goingon theair.C Havingto change the tone of hisvoice fromtimetotime.D Gettingall the words andphrases pronouncedcorrectly.

15.A Itshows whereadvertisements comein.B Itgives asignal forhim toslow down.C Italerts himto somethingimportant.D Itserves asa reminderof sadnews.Section BDirections:In this section,you willhear3short passages.At theend ofeach passage,youwill hearsome questions.Both thepassage and the questionswill bespokenonly once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose the best answerfrom thefourchoices markedA,B,C.and D.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet I with asingle linethrough the centre.Questions16to18are basedon thepassage you have justheard.

16.A Itgives pleasureto bothadults andchildren.B Itis oftencarried aroundby smallchildren.C Itcan befound inmany parts of the world.D Itwas invented by anAmerican Indian.

17.A Theywere madefor earninga living.B Theywere delicategeometric figures.C Theywere smallcircus figuresmade ofwire.D Theywere collectedby anumber ofmuseums.

18.A Inart.B Ingeometry.C Inengineering.D Incircus performance.Questions19to21are basedon thepassage you have justheard.

19.A Theyoffer studentsa widevariety of courses.B Theyattract studentsfrom all overthe world.C Theyadmit morestudents thantheycanhandle.D They have troubledealing withoverseas students.

20.A Everyone will benefitfrom educationsooner orlater.B Agood educationcontributes to the prosperityof anation.C Agood educationis necessaryfor onetoclimbthe socialladder.D Everyonehas aright to an education appropriate tohis potential.

21.A Helikes studentswithhighmotivation.B Heenjoys teachingintelligent students.C Hetailors histeaching tostudents1needs.D Hetreats allhis studentsin afair manner.Questions22to25are basedon thepassage youhave justheard.

22.A Itis mostlyimported from the MiddleEast.B Itis asure indicatorof itseconomic activity.C It has adirect impact on the international oilmarket.D Itequals more than30million barrelsof oileach day.

23.A Iteventually turnsinto heat.B Itis used in avariety of forms.C Itsuse ischiefly responsible for airpollution.D Part of it is lostin theprocess oftransmission.

24.A Whenit isused inrural areas.B Whenit isenvironment-friendly.C Whenit operatesat nearcapacity.D Whenit operatesat regulartimes.

25.A Trafficjams incities.B Inefficientuseof energy.C Fuelshortage.D Globalwarming.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhear a passage threetimes.When thepassage is readfor thefirst time,you shouldlisten carefullyfor itsgeneral idea.When thepassage is read for the second time,you arerequired tofill in the blankswiththe exactwords youhave justheard.Finally,when thepassage is read for thethird time,you shouldcheck what youhavewritten.Graphics areusedintextbooks aspart of the languageof thediscipline,as inmath oreconomics,or asstudy aids.Authors usegraphic aidsto26and expandon conceptstakenup in the textbecause graphicsare yet another way of portrayingrelationships and27connections.Graphics areused extensivelyin naturalsciences andsocial sciences.Social scientistsworkwith statistics28data,and the best wayto presentthese statisticsis oftenin graphicform.Graphics are included-not merelyasameans ofmaking theinformation easierforthe studentto grasp,but as an integralpart of thewaysocial scientiststhink.Manytextbooks,29those ineconomics,contain appendixesthat providespecific informationonreading and working withgraphic material.Make ita practiceto30attentively thetitles,captions,headings,and othermaterialconnected withgraphics.These elements31and usuallyexplain whatyou arelooking at.When you are examininggraphics,the32questions to ask area.What isthis itemaboutand b.What keyidea is the author33One warning:Unless youintegrate yourreading ofgraphics with the text,you maymakea wrongassumption.34,from achart indicatingthat33percent offirstborn childrenin a researchsample did not feelcloseto their fathers,you mightassume thatsome dreadfulinfluencewas atwork on the firstborn children.However,a carefulreading of the text35that most of thefirstbornchildrenin thesample werefrom single-parent homesin whichthefather was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension40minutesSection ADirections:In thissection,there is a passage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselectone wordfor eachblank from a listof choicesgiven in a wordbank followingthepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefully beforeinaking yourchoices.Each choicein thebank isidentified by a letter.Please mark thecorresponding letterfor eachitem onAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough the centre.You may not useany of the wordsin thebank more thanonce.Questions36to45are basedon thefollowing passage.According toa reportfrom theHarvard Schoolof PublicHealth,many everydayproducts,including somebug spraysand cleaningfluids,could leadtoanincreased risk ofbrain andbehavioral disordersin children.The developingbrain,the reportsays,isparticularly36to the toxic effects of certainchemicals theseproducts may contain,and thedamagethey causecan be

37.The officialpolicy,however,is stillevolving.Health andenvironmental38have longurgedU.S.government agenciesto39the useof some of the11chemicals thereport citesandcalled for more studieson theirlong-term effects.In2001,for example,theEnvironmental ProtectionAgency40the typeand amount of leadthat could be presentinpaint andsoil inhomes andchild-care41,after concernswere raisedabout leadpoisoning.The agencyis now42thetoxiceffectsofsomeof the chemicalsin thelatest report.But thethreshold forregulation ishigh.Because childrensbrain andbehavioraldisorders,like hyperactivityand lowergrades,can alsobe linkedtosocialand geneticfactors,its toughto pin them onexposure tospecific chemicalswith solid43evidence,which iswhat theEPA requires.Even theHarvard studydidnotprove adirect44but notedstrongassociations betweenexposure andriskofbehavioral issues.Nonetheless,its smartto45caution.While itmay beimpossible to prevent kidsfromdrinking tapwater thatmaycontaintrace amountsof chemicals,keeping kidsaway fromlawnsrecently sprayedwith chemicalsand freshlydry-cleaned clothescant hurt.A AdvocatesBCompactC CorrelationDExerciseE FacilitiesFInteractionG InvestigatingHOverwhelmedI ParticlesJPermanentK RestrictedLSimulatingM StatisticalNTightenO VulnerableSection BDirections:In thissection,you aregoing toread apassage with ten statementsattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiven inone ofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.You maychoosea paragraphmorethanonce.Each paragraphis markedwith a letter.Answerthe questionsby marking the correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet

2.The Impossibilityof RapidEnergy Transitions[A]Politicians arefond ofpromising rapidenergy transitions.Whether itis atransition from importedto domesticoil orfrom coal-powered electricityproduction tonatural-gas power plants,politicians loveto talkbig.Unfortunately for them and often thetaxpayers,our energy systems area bitlike anaircraft carrier:they areunbelievablyexpensive,they arebuilt tolast for a verylong time,they have a hugeamountofinertia meaningit takesa lot ofenergyto set them moving,and they havea lot of momentumonce theyare set in motion.No matterhow hardyou try,you can*t turnsomething thatlargeon adime10美分硬币，or evena fewthousand dimes.[B]In physics,moving objectshave twocharacteristics relevantto understandingthedynamics ofenergy systems:inertia and momentum.Inertia isthe resistanceof objectstoefforts to change theirstate ofmotion.If youtry topush aboulder大圆石,it pushesyouback.Once youhave startedthe boulderrolling,it developsmomentum,which isdefinedby itsmass andvelocity.Momentum issaid to be conserved,”that is,once youbuild itup,it has to gosomewhere.So aheavy object,like afootball playermoving ata highspeed,hasa lotof momentum-that is,once heismoving,itishard to change hisstate ofmotion.If youwant to changehis course,youhaveonly a few choices:you canstop him,transferring possiblypainfully someof hiskinetic energy（动能）to your own body,or youcanapproach alongsideand slowlyapply pressureto graduallyalter hiscourse.[C]But there are otherkinds of momentum as well.After all,we dontspeak onlyofobjects orpeople as having momentum;we speakof entiresystems havingmomentum.Whether itsa sportsteam ora presidentialcampaign,everybody relisheshaving thebigmomentum,because it makes themharder tostop orchange direction.[D]One kind ofmomentumis technologicalmomentum.When atechnology isdeployed,its impactsreach farbeyond itself.Consider theincandescent（白炽灯的）bulb,an objectcurrently hatedby manyenvironmentalists andenergy-efficiency advocates.Theincandescent light bulb,inventedbyThomas Edison,which cameto be the symbolofinspiration,has beendeveloped intohundreds,if notthousands,offorms.Today,a visitto alightingstore revealsa stunningarray of choices.There arestandard-shaped bulbs,flame-shaped bulbs,colored globe-shaped bulbs,and more.Itisquite easy,with allthatchoice,to change a light bulb.[E]But themomentum ofincandescent lightingdoes notstop there.All ofthosespecialized bulbsled to the buildingof specializedlight fixtures,from thedesk lamp youstudy by,to theugly butbeloved hand-painted Chineselampyouinherited fromyourgrandmother,to theceiling fixturein yourcloset,to the light inyour ovenor refrigerator,and to the lightthat thedentist pointsatyou.Itiseasyto changealight bulb,sure,but itisharder tochange thebulb andits fixture.[F]And there is moreto thestory,becausenot only arethe devicesthat houseincandescentbulbs shapedto theirunderlying characteristics,but roomsand entirebuildingshave beendesigned in accordance withhow incandescentlighting reflectsoffwalls andwindows.[G]As lightingexpert HowardBrandston pointsout,Generally,there areno badlight sources,only badapplications.There aresome verycommendable characteristicsofthe CFL[compact fluorescent（荧光的）lightbulb],yet theselection of any lightsourceremains inseparablefrom theluminaire（照明装置）that housesit,along with the space inwhich bothare installed,and lightingrequirements thatneed to be satisfied.The lamp,thefixture,andthe room,all threemust workin concertfor the true benefitsof end-users.If theCFLshouldbeused forlighting aparticular space,or anobject withinthat space,the fixturemustbe designedto workwith thatlamp,and thatfixture with theroom.Itis a symbiotic（共生的）relationship.A CFLcannot besimply installedin anincandescent fixtureandthen expectedto producea visualappearance that is morethan washedout,foggy,and dim.The wholefixture mustbe replaced-lightsourceand luminaireand thisis neveraninexpensive proposition.[H]And Brandstonknows athing ortwo aboutlighting,being theman whoilluminatedthe Statueof Liberty.[I]Another type ofmomentumwe have to think about whenplanning forchanges inourenergy systemsis labor-pool momentum.Itisone thing to saythat we aregoing to shift30percent of our electricitysupply from,say,coal tonuclear powerin20years.But itisanother thingto havea supplyof trainedtalent that could letyou carryout thispromise.That isbecause theengineers,designers,regulators,operators,and all oftheother skilledpeopleneeded for the newenergy industryare specialistswho have to be trained firstorretrained,if theyaretheones beinglaid offin somerelated industry,and education,likeany othercomplicated endeavor,takes time.And not only doour prospectivenew energyworkershave to betrained,they have to betrained in the rightsequence.One needsthedesigners,and perhaps the regulators,before thebuilders andoperators,and eachgroup ofworkersin traininghasto know there is workwaiting beyondgraduation.In somecases,colleges and universities mighthavetochange theirtraining programs,adding anotherlayerof difficulty.[J]By farthe biggesttype ofmomentum thatcomes intoplay whenitcomestochanging ourenergy systemsis economicmomentum.The majorcomponents ofourenergy systems,such asfuel production,refining,electrical generation and distribution,arecostly installationsthat havelengthy lifespans.Theyhaveto operatefor longperiods oftimebefore thecosts ofdevelopment have been recovered.When investorsput upmoney tobuild,say,a nuclear powerplant,they expectto earnthat moneyback overthe plannedlifeof theplant,which istypically between40and60years.Some coalpower plantsin theUnited States haveoperated formorethan70years!The oldestcontinuously operatedcommercialhydro-electric plantin theUnitedStatesisonNew YorkfsHudson River,and itwent into commercialservice in

1898.[K]As VaclavSmil pointsout,All theforecasts,plans,and anticipationscited abovehavefailed somiserably becausetheir authorsand promotersthought thetransitions theyhopedto implementwould proceedunlike allprevious energy transitions,and that theirprogress couldbe acceleratedin anunprecedented manner.H[L]When youhear peoplespeaking ofmaking arapid transitiontoward anytype ofenergy,whether itis a switch fromcoal tonuclearpower,oraswitch fromgasoline-powered carsto electriccars,or evenaswitch.from anincandescent toafluorescent light,understanding energysystem inertiaandmomentumcan helpyou decidewhethertheir plansare feasible.

46.Not onlymoving objectsand peoplebut allsystems havemomentum.

47.Changing thecurrent energysystem requiresthe systematictraining ofprofessionalsand skilledlabor.

48.Changing alightbulbis easierthan changing the fixturehousing it.

49.Efforts toaccelerate thecurrent energytransitions didntsucceed asexpected.

50.To changethelightsource iscostly because youhavetochangethe wholefixture.

51.Energy systems,like anaircraft carriersetinmotion,have hugemomentum.

52.The problemwith lighting,if itarises,often doesntlie inlight sourcesbut in theirapplications.

53.The biggestobstacle toenergytransitionis that the presentenergysystemis tooexpensiveto replace.

54.The applicationof atechnology canimpact areasbeyond itself.

55.Physical characteristicsof movingobjects helpexplain thedynamics ofenergysystems.Section CDirections:There are2passages inthissection.Each passage is followedby somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,and D.You shoulddecide on the bestchoice andmark thecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are basedon thefollowing passage.One hundredyears ago,Colored was the typicalway ofreferring toAmericans ofAfricandescent.Twenty yearslater,it waspurposefully droppedto makeway forNegro,“By thelate1960s,that termwas overtakenby Black.n Andthen,atapress conferenceinChicago in1988,Jesse Jacksondeclared thatnAfrican Americanwas theterm toembrace.This onewas chosenbecause itechoed thelabels ofgroups,such asItalian AmericansandnIrish Americans/that hadalready beenfreed ofwidespread discrimination.A centurysworth ofcalculated namechanges pointto thefact thatnaming anygroupis apolitically freightedexercise.A2001study catalogedallthe ways in which thetermBlack carriedconnotations涵义that weremore negativethan thoseof HAfricanAmerican.nBut ifit wasknown thatBlack”people wereviewed differentlyfrom AfricanAmericans,nresearchers,until now,hadnt identifiedwhat thatgap inperception wasderived from.A recentstudy,conducted byEmory UniversitysErika Hall,found thatBlackpeople areviewed morenegatively.than HAfrican Americans becauseof aperceiveddifference insocioeconomic status.As aresult,nBlackH peopleare thoughtof aslesscompetent andashavingcolder personalities.The studysmost strikingfindings shedlight on the racial biases permeatingtheprofessional world.Even seeminglyharmless details on aresume,it appears,can tapintorecruiters1biases.A jobapplication mightmention affiliationswith groupssuch as theHWisconsin Associationof African-American LawyersnortheNational BlackEmployeesAssociation,the namesof whichapparently haveconsequences,and arealso beyondtheirmembers control.In one ofthestudys experiments,subjects weregiven abrief descriptionof a manfrom Chicagowith the last nameWilliams.To onegroup,he wasidentified asAfrican-American/1and anotherwas toldhe wasBlack.With littleelse to go on,theywere askedto estimateMr.Williamss salary,professional standing,and educationalbackground.The African-American groupestimated that he earnedabout$37,000ayearandhad a two-year collegedegree.The Blackgroup,on theother hand,put hissalary atabout$29,000,and guessed thathehad onlysome collegeexperience.Nearly three-quarters ofthefirst groupguessedthatMr.Williams workedatamanagerial level,while only

38.5percent ofthesecondgroup thoughtso.Halfs findingssuggest there*sanargument tobe madefor electingto usenAfricanAmerican/though onecant helpbut get the sensethat itsa decisionthat papersover theurgencyof continuedprogress.Perhaps anew phraseis needed,one that can bringeveryoneone bigstep closerto realizingDu Boissoriginal,idealistic hope:Its not thename-its theThing thatcounts.H

56.Why didJesse Jacksonembrace theterm nAfricanAmerican for people ofAfricandescentA Itis freefrom racialbiases.B Itrepresents socialprogress.C Itis in the interestof commonAmericans.B Totalk about a budgetplan.C Todiscuss anurgent problem.D Topass onan importantmessage.

11.A Foreigninvestors arelosing confidencein India*s economy.B Manymultinational enterprisesare withdrawingfrom India.C There are wildfluctuations in theinternationalmoney market.D There is asharp increasein Indiasbalance ofpayment deficit.Questions12to15are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.

12.A Theyhave unrealisticexpectations abouttheotherhalf.B Theymay notbe preparedforalifelong relationship.C Theyform amore realisticpicture oflife.D Theytry to adapt to their changingroles.

13.A Heis luckyto havevisited manyexotic places.B Heis ableto forgetallthetroubles in his life.C Heis ableto meetmany interestingpeople.D Heis luckytobe ableto do whathe loves.

14.A Itis stressful.B Itis fullof time.C Itis allglamour.D Itis challenging

15.A Bothered.B Amazed.C Puzzled.D Excited.Section BDirections:In thissection,you willhear3short passages.At theend ofeach passage,youwill hearsome questions.Both thepassage andthe questionswill bespokenonly once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefourchoices markedA.,B.,C.and D.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer SheetIwith asingle lineD It followsthe standardnaming practice.

57.What doesthe authorsay aboutthe namingof anethnic groupAItadvances with the times.B Itis basedon racialroots.C Itmerits intensivestudy.D Itis politicallysensitive.

58.What doErika Hallsfindings indicateARacial biasesare widespreadin theprofessional world.B Manyapplicants dontattend todetailson their resumes.C Jobseekers shouldall becareful-about theiraffiliations.D Mostrecruiters areunable tocontrol theirracialbiases.

59.What doesErika Hallfind inher experimentaboutaman with thelastnameWilliamsA AfricanAmericans farebetter thanmanyotherethnic groups.B lackpeoples socioeconomicstatus inAmerica remainslow.C Peoplesconception ofa personhas muchtodowiththeway heor sheis labeled.D Onesprofessional standingand incomeare relatedtotheireducationalbackground.

60.What isDr.Du BoissidealA AllAmericans enjoyequal rights.B Aperson isjudged by their worth.C Anew termis createdto addressAfricanAmericans.D Allethnic groupsshare thenations continuedprogress.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are basedon thefollowing passage.Across theboard,American collegesanduniversitiesare notdoing a very goodjob ofpreparingtheir studentsfor the workplace ortheir post-graduation lives.This wasmadeclear by theworkof twosociologists,Richard Arum and JosipaRoksa.In2011theyreleased alandmark studytitledAcademically Adrift/which documentedthe lack ofintellectual growthexperienced bymany peopleenrolled incollege.In particular,Arumand Roksafound,college studentswere notdeveloping thecritical thinking,analyticreasoning andother higher-level skillsthat arenecessary tothrive intodaysknowledge-based economyand to lead ournation in a timeof complexchallenges anddynamicchange.Arum andRoksa placedthe blameforstudents*lackof learning ona watered-downcollege curriculumand loweredundergraduate workstandards.Although going to collegeis supposed tobeaFull-time job,students spent,on average,only12to14hours aweekstudying andmany wereskating through their semesterswithout doinga significantamountof readingand writing.Students whotake morechallenging classesand spendmoretime studyingdo learnmore.But thepriorities ofmany undergraduatesare withextracurricularactivities,playing sports,and partyingand socializing.Laura Hamilton,the author ofa study onparents whopay forcollege,will arguein aforthcomingbook thatcollege administrationsare overlyconcerned withthesocialandathletic activitiesof theirstudents.In Payingfor theParty,Hamilton describeswhat shecallsthe artypathway/which easesmany studentsthrough college,helped-along byvariousclubs thatsend studentsinto theparty sceneandahost ofeasier majors.Bysanctioning thiswatered-down versionof college,universities areHcateringtothesocialand educationalneeds ofwealthy studentsattheexpense ofothers whowont enjoythefinancial backingor socialconnections ofricher studentsonce theygraduate.These studentsneed to build skillsand knowledgeduring collegeiftheyare tousetheir degreesasastepping-stone tomiddle-class mobility.But moreprivileged studentsmustnot wastethis opportunityeither.As recentgraduates cantestify,the jobmarket isntkindto candidateswho cantdemonstrate genuinecompetence,along with a well-cultivatedwillingness to work hard.Nor isthe globaleconomy forgivingof anAmerican workforcewithincreasingly weakliteracy,math andscience abilities.College graduateswill stillfarebetter thanthose withonly ahighschooleducation,ofcourse.But auniversity degreeunaccompaniedbyagain inknowledge orskills isan emptyachievement indeed.Forstudents whohave beencoasting throughcollege,and forAmerican universitiesthat havebeendemanding lesswork,offering moreattractions andcharging highertuition,the partymaysoon beover.

61.What isArumandRoksas findingabout higher education inAmericaA Itaims atstimulating theintellectual curiosityofcollege students.B Itfails toprepare studentsto facethe challengesof moderntimes.C Ithas experienceddramatic changesin recentyears.D Ithas triedhard tosatisfy studentsvarious needs.

62.What isresponsiblefor the students*lackof higher-level skillsA The dilutedcollege curriculum.B Theboring classroom activities.C Theabsence ofrigorous discipline.D Theoutdated educationalapproach.

63.What doesLaura Hamiltonsay aboutcollege administrationsA They fail to giveadequate helptotheneedy students.B Theytend tooffer toomany lesschallenging courses.C Theyseem tobe outof touchwith society.D Theyprioritize non-academic activities.

64.What can be learnedaboutthesocially andfinancially privilegedstudentsA Theytendto haveasense ofsuperiority overtheir peers.B Theycan affordto chooseeasier majorsin order to enjoythemselves.C Theyspend alotoftime buildingstrong connectionswith businesses.D Theycan climbthesocialladder evenwithout a degree.

65.What doesthe authorsuggest in thelastparagraphA American higher educationhas lostits globalcompetitiveness.B Peopleshould notexpect toomuch fromAmericanhighereducation.C Thecurrent situationin Americanhighereducationmaynotlast long.D Itwill take a longtimetochangethecurrent trendin highereducation.Part IVminutes Translation30Directions:For thispart,you.areallowed30,minutes totranslate apassage fromChineseinto English.You shouldwrite youranswer onAnswer Sheet

2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚Indonesia建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚Malaysia签署了为其提供高速列车的合同，这证明人们信赖中国造产品中国造严品越来越受欢迎中国为此付出了代价,但这确实有助于消除贫困,同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会这是一件好事，值得称赞下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名很有可能这件商品是中国造的【参考答案】【参考范文】As thepicture givendepicts,several staffare havinga meetingwhile one of themcomplained,M We havelotsofinformationtechnology.We justdont havemuch usefulinformation^.What thepicture istrying topresent is that eventhough equippedwithadvanced devicesand informationtechnology,we canhardly obtainhelpful Iinformationthat weneed.A multitudeof reasonscan accountfor thephenomenon.First ofall,as we areincreasingly dependenton variousadvanced devices,theyhavebrought usalotofinformation.However,faced with so muchinformation,were actuallynot competentenoughto tellthe usefulinformation from the uselessone.Whats more,thatthenetworkmanagement regulationsare notperfect isa factthat cannotbe ignored,which makesitdifficult toprevent ourlife frombeing lumberedwith uselessinformation.From mypoint ofview,asweare nowina great newera ofinformation,wecannot sayno tothe benefitsthat informationtechnology hasbrought as.However,its hightime we transferredour fbcusfrom obtainingmore informationto discriminatinginformation.Only inthis waycan weacquire theexact informationthat weneed.[21-25]ADACB[1-5]CBBAC[6-10]BDCAC[11-15]DDABD[16-20]ACABD[26-30】illustrateclarifyingderivedfromparticularlypreview[31-35]setthestageprincipalCommunicatingFor instancereveals[36-40]OJANK[41-45]EGMCD[46-50]CIEKG[51-55]AGJDB[56-60]ADACA[61-65]BADBC【翻译参考译文】Recently,theChinesegovernment hasdecided toupgrade itsindustry.China isnowinvolved inthe constructionofhigh-speed trains,ocean ships,robots,and evenair crafts.Not longago,China signeda contracttobuildahigh-speed railin Indonesia.China alsosigneda contractwith Malaysiato providehigh-speed trains.These factsprove thatpeoplerely onChinese-made products.Products madein Chinaare becomingmore andmore popular.China haspaid apricefor it,but itnotonlyhelps toeliminate povertybut alsoprovides employmentopportunitiesfor peopleallovertheworld.This isa goodthingtobe praised.The nexttime yougotothestore,you maywanttotakealook atthe homeof yourpurchase.Chances arethat itis madeinChina.PartIWriting30minutes2015年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷三）Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes towrite ashort essaybasedon thepicture below.You shouldfocus on the harmcaused bymisleadinginformation online.You arerequired towrite atleast150words butno morePartIIListeningComprehension30minutesthan200words.Section ADirections:In thissection,you willhear8short conversationsand2long conversations.At theend ofeach conversation,one ormore questionswill beasked aboutwhatwas said.Both theconversation andthe questionswill bespoken onlyonce.After eachquestion therewill bea pause.During thepause,you mustreadthe fourchoices markedA,B,C.and D,and decidewhich isthe bestanswer.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer SheetIwith asingle“I justfeel unfortunateto live ina world withsoline through thecentre.much misleadinginfor mation!”

1.A Shehas completelyrecovered.B Shewentintoshock afteran operation.C Sheis stillinacritical condition.D Sheis gettingmuch better.

2.A Orderinga breakfast.B Bookinga hotelroom.C Buyinga trainticket.D Fixinga compartment.

3.A Mostborrowers neverreturned thebooks toher.B Theman isthe onlyone whobrought herbook back.C Shenever expectedanyone toreturn thebooks toher.D Mostofthebooks shelent outcame backwithout jackets.

4.A Sheleftherwork earlytogetsome bargainslast Saturday.B Sheattended the supermarkets grand opening ceremony.C Shedrove a full hourbefore findinga parkingspace.D Shefailed toget into thesupermarketlast Saturday.

5.A Heis botheredbythepain in his neck.B Hecannot dohis reportwithout acomputer.C Hecannot affordtohavea coffeebreak.D Hefeels sorrytohavemissed thereport.

6.A Onlytop artstudents canshow theirworks inthe gallery.B Thegallery spaceis bigenough forthe manspaintings.C Thewoman wouldlike tohelp withthe exhibitionlayout.D Theman isuncertain howhis artworks will be received.

7.A Thewoman needsa temporaryreplacement forher assistant.B Theman worksinthe same departmentasthewoman does.C Thewoman will havetostay inhospital fora fewdays.D Theman iscapable ofdealing withdifficult people.

8.AItwas better thantheprevious one.B Itdistorted themayors speech.C Itexaggerated thecitys economicproblems.D Itreflected theopinions ofmost economists.Questions9to12are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.

9.A Toinform himofaproblem theyface.B Torequest himto purchasecontrol desks.C Todiscuss thecontent ofa projectreport.D Toask himto flXthe dictatingmachine.

10.A Theyquote thebest priceinthemarket.B Theymanufacture andsell officefurniture.C Theycannot deliverthe steelsheets ontime.D Theycannot producethe steelsheets needed.

11.A Bymarking downthe traitprice.B Byaccepting thepenalty clauses.C Byallowing moretime fordelivery.D Bypromising betterafter-sales service.

12.A Givethe customera tenpercent discount.B Claimcompensation fromthe steelsuppliers.C Askthe BuyingDepartment tochange suppliers.D Cancelthe contractwiththecustomer.Questions13to15are basedontheconversation youhave justheard.

13.A Stockbroker.B Physicist.C Mathematician.D Economist.

14.A Improvecomputer programming.B Explaincertain naturalphenomena.C Predictglobal populationgrowth.D Promotenational financialhealth.

15.A Theirdifferent educationalbackgrounds.B Changingattitudes towardnature.C Chaostheory andits applications.D Thecurrent globaleconomic crisis.SectionBDirections:In thissection,you willhear3short passagesAt theend ofeach passage,youwill hearsome questions.Both thepassage andthe questionswill bespokenonly once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefourchoices markedA B,C.and D.Then markthe correspondingletter onfAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions16to18are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

16.A Theylay greatemphasis onhard work.B Theyname150star engineerseach year.C Theyrequire highacademic degrees.D Theyhave peoplewith avery highIQ.

17.A Longyears ofjob training.B Highemotional intelligence.C Distinctiveacademic qualifications.D Devotiontotheadvance ofscience.

18.A Goodinterpersonal relationships.B Richworking experience.C Sophisticatedequipment.D Highmotivation.Questions19to21are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

19.A Adiary.B Afairy tale.C Ahistory textbook.D Abiography.

20.A Hewas asports fan.B Heloved adventures.C Hedisliked school.D Heliked hair-raising stories.

21.A Encouragepeople toundertake adventures.B Publicizehis colorfuland uniquelife stories.C Raisepeoples environmentalawareness.D Attractpeople toAmericas nationalparks.Questions22to25are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

22.AThefirst infectedvictim.B Acoastal villagein Africa.C Thedoctor wholust identifiedit.D Ariver runningthroughtheCongo.

23.A Theyexhibit similarsymptoms.B Theycan betreated withthe samedrug.C Theyhave almostthesamemortality rate.D Theyhave bothdisappeared forgood.

24.A Byinhaling airpolluted withthe virus.B Bycontacting contaminatedbody fluids.C Bydrinking waterfromtheCongo River.D Byeating foodgrown inSudan andZaire.

25.A Morestrains willevolve fromthe Ebolavirus.B Scientistswill eventuallyfred curesfor Ebola.C AnotherEbola epidemicmay eruptsooner orlater.D Onceinfected,onewillbecome immuneto Ebola.throughthecentre.Questions16to18are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

16.A Maintainthe traditionalorganizational culture.B Learnnew waysof relatingandworkingtogether.C Followclosely thefast developmentof technology.D Learntoberespectful ina hierarchicalorganization.

17.A Howthe teamintegrates withwhat itissupposedto serve.B Howthe teamis builtto keepimproving itsperformance.C Whattypeofpersonnel theteam shouldbe composedof.D Whatqualifications teammembers shouldbe equippedwith.

18.A Ateam managermust setvery clearand highobjectives.B Teamsmust consistof membersfrom differentcultures.C Teammembers shouldbe knowledgeableand creative.D Ateam managershould developa certainset ofskills.Questions19to22are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

19.AItisaplatform forsharing ideason teachingatthe University ofIllinois.B Itwas mainlyusedbyscientists andtechnical people to exchangetext.C Itstarted offasasuccessful programbut wasunable tolast long.D Itisaprogram allowingpeople toshare informationontheWeb.

20.A Hevisited anumber offamous computerscientists.B Hemet with an entrepreneurnamed JimClark.C Hesold aprogram developedby hisfriends.D Heinvested ina leadingcomputer business.

21.AThey had confidenceinhisnew ideas.B Theytrusted hiscomputer expertise.C Theywere verykeen onnew technology.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhear apassage threetimes.When thepassage isreadfor theirst time,you shouldlisten carefullyforitsgeneral idea.When thepassageisreadforthesecond time,you arerequired tofill inthe blankswiththe exactwords youhave justheard.Finally,when thepassageisreadforthethird time,you shouldcheck whatyouhavewritten.The idealcompanion machine would notonly look,feel,and soundfriendly but wouldalso beprogrammed tobehave inan agreeablemanner.Those26that makeinteraction withotherpeople enjoyablewould besimulated asclosely aspossible,andthe machinewould27charming,stimulating,and easygoing.Its informalconversational stylewould makeinteractioncomfortable,and yetthe machinewould remainslightly28and thereforeinteresting.In its first encounterit mightbe somewhathesitant andunassuming,but as itcame toknowtheuser it would progresstoamore29and intimatestyle.The machinewouldnotbea passive30butwouldadd itsown suggestions,information,and opinions;itwould sometimes31developing orchangingtheto picand wouldhaveapersonality ofitsown.The machinewould conveypresence:Wehaveall seenhow acomputers useofpersonal namesoften32people andleads themto treatthe machineas ifit werealmosthuman.Such featuresare easilywritten into the software.By introducing33forcefulnessand humor,themachinecouldbepresented asa vividand uniquecharacter.Friendships arenot madeinaday,andthecomputer would be moreacceptable asafriend ifit34the gradualchanges thatoccur whenone personis gettingtoknowanother.Atan35time itmight alsoexpress thekind ofaffection thatstimulates attachmentandPart IIIReading Comprehension40minutesintimacy.Section ADirections:In thissection,thereisapassage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselectone wordfor eachblank from a listof choicesgiven ina wordbank following thepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefully beforemakingyour choices.Each choiceinthebank isidentified bya letter.Please markthecorrespondingletterfor eachitem onAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethroughthecentre.You maynot useany ofthewordsinthebank morethanonce.Questions36to45are basedonthefollowing passage.As itis,sleep isso undervaluedthat gettingby onfewer hourshas becomea badgeofhonor.Plus,we liveinaculture that36tothelate-nighter,from24-hour grocerystores toonlineshopping sitesthat neverclose.Its nosurprise,then,that morethan halfof Americanadultsdont getthe7to9hours ofshut-eye everynight as37by sleepexperts.Whether ornot wecan catchup onsleep-ontheweekend,say-isahotly38topicamong sleep researchers.The latestevidence suggeststhat whileit isnt39,it mighthelp.When Liu,the UCLAsleepresearcherand professorofmedicine,brought40sleep-restricted people intothelab fora weekend of sleepduring which they loggedabout10hours pernight,they showed41inthe ability ofinsulin胰岛素to processbloodsugar.That suggeststhat catch-up sleepmay undosomebut notallofthe damagethat sleep42causes,which isencouraging,given howmanyadults dontgetthehours theyneed eachnight.Still,Liu isnt43to endorsethe habitofsleeping lessand makingupforit later.Sleeping pills,while helpfulfor some,arenot44an effectiveremedy either.Asleeping pillwill45one areaofthe brain,but there*s nevergoing tobeaperfect sleepingpill,becauseyoucouldnt reallyreplicate复制the differentchemicals movingin andoutof differentpartsofthebraintogothroughthedifferent stagesof sleep/says Dr.Nancy Collop,director ofthe EmoryUniversity SleepCenter.A AlternativelyBCatersC ChronicallyDDebatedE DeprivationFIdealG ImprovementsHNecessarilyI NegotiatedJPierceK PresumptionLReadyM RecommendedNSurpassesO TargetSectionBDirections:In thissection,you aregoing toread apassagewithten statementsattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiven inone ofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.You maychoosea paragraphmorethanonce.Each paragraphis markedwith aletter.Answerthe questionsby markingthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet

2.Climate changemaybereal,but ifsstill not easy beinggreenHow dowe convinceour innercaveman tobe greenerWe asksome outstandingsocial scientists.[A]The roadto climatehell ispaved withour good intentions.Politicians maytacklepolluters whilescientists dobattle withcarbon emissions.But themost pervasiveproblemis lessobvious:our ownbehaviour.We getdistracted beforewecanturn downtheheating.We breakour promisenot tofly afterhearing abouta neighbourstrip toIndia.Ultimately,we cantbe botheredtochangeour attitude.Fortunately forthe planet,social scienceand behaviouraleconomics maybeabletodothat forus.[B]Despite mournfulpolar beatsand chartsshowing carbonemissions soaring,mostpeople findit hardto believethat global warming will affect thempersonally.Recent pollsbythe PewResearch Centrein Washington,DC,found that75-80per centof participantsregardedclimate changeasanimportant issue.But respondentsranked itlast ona listofpriorities.[C]This inconsistencylargely stemsfromafeeling ofpowerlessness.°When wecantactually removethe sourceofourfear,we tendto adaptpsychologically byadopting arangeof defencemechanisms/1says TomCrompton,change strategistfor theenvironmentalorganisation WorldWide Fundfor Nature.[D]Partofthe faultlies withour innercaveman.Evolution hasprogrammed humanstopay mostattention toissues thatwill havean immediateimpact.nWe worrymost aboutnowbecause ifwe don!t surviveforthe next minute,were notgoing tobe aroundin tenyearstime,says ProfessorElke WeberoftheCentre forResearch onEnvironmentalDecisions atColumbia Universityin NewYork.If theThames werelapping aroundBigBen,Londoners wouldface uptotheproblem ofemissions prettyquickly.But inpractice,our braindiscounts the risks andbenefits associatedwith issuesthat liesomewayahead.[E]Matthew Rushworth,oftheDepartment ofExperimental Psychologyat theUniversityof Oxford,sees thisinhislab everyday.nOne ofthewaysin whichall agentsseemto makedecisions isthat theyassign alower weightingto outcomesthat aregoing tobefurther away inthe future/he says.This isaverysensible wayfor ananimal to makedecisions inthe wildand wouldhave beenvery helpfulfor humansfor thousandsof years.n[F]Not anylonger.By thetimewewake uptothethreat posedby climate change,itcould wellbe toolate.And ffwere notgoing to make rationaldecisionsaboutthe future,others mayhavetohelp ustodoso.[G]Few politicallibraries arewithout acopy ofNudge:Improving DecisionsAboutHealth,Wealth andHappiness,by RichardThaler andCass Sunstein.They arguethatgovernments shouldpersuade us into making better decisions—such assaving morein ourpensionplans—by changingthe defaultoptions.Professor Weberbelieves thatenvironmentalpolicy canmake useof similartactics.If,for example,building codesincludedgreen constructionguidelines,most developerswouldbetoo lazyto challengethem.[H]Defaults arecertainly partofthesolution.But socialscientists aremost concernedaboutcrafting messagesthat exploitour groupmentality.nWe needto understand whatmotivates people,what itisthat allows themtomake change/says ProfessorNeil Adger,ofthe TyndallCentre for Climate ChangeResearch inNorwich.Itisactually aboutwhat theirpeersthink of them,what theirsocial normsare,what isseen asdesirable insociety.H Inotherwords,our innercaveman iscontinually lookingover hisshoulder tosee whatthe restofthe tribeare upto.[I]The passiveattitude we haveto climate changeas individualscan bealtered bycountingusin—and measuringus against-our peergroup.nSocial normsare primitiveandelemental,says Dr.Robert Cialdini,authorofInfluence:The PsychologyofPersuasion.Birds flocktogether,fish school together,cattle herdtogether...just perceivingnormsis enoughto causepeople toadjusttheirbehaviour inthe directionofthecrowd.[J]These normscan takeus beyondgoodintentions.Cialdini conductedastudyinSan Diegoinwhichcoat hangersbearing messagesabout savingenergy werehung onpeoplesdoors.Some ofthe messagesmentioned theenvironment,some financialsavings,others socialresponsibility.But itwas theones thatmentioned theactions ofneighboursthat drovedown poweruse.[K]Other studiesshow that simply providingthe facilityforpeople to comparetheirenergy usewiththelocal averageis enoughto causethemtomodify theirbehaviour.TheConservatives plan to adoptthis strategyby makingutility companiesprint theaveragelocal electricityand gasusage onpeoples bills.[LJ Socialscience canalso teachpoliticians howto avoidour collectivecapacity forserfdestructive behaviour.Environmental campaignsthat tellus howmany peopledriveSUVs unwittingly（不经意的）imply thatthis behaviouris widespreadand thuspermissible.Cialdini recommendssome carefulframing ofthe message.Instead ofnormalisingthe undesirablebehaviour,the messageneeds tomarginalise it,for example,by statingthat ifeven oneperson buysyetanotherSUV,it reducesour ability to beenergy-independent.n[M]Tapping intohow wealready seeourselves iscrucial.The mostsuccessfulenvironmental strategywill marrythe greenmessage toourownsense ofidentity.Takeyour averagetrade unionmember,chances arethey willbe politicallymotivated andbeused tocollective actionmuch likeErica Gregory.A retiredmember ofthe PublicandCommercial ServicesUnion,sheissetting uponeofl,i00action groupswiththesupport ofClimateSolidarity,atwo-year environmentalcampaign aimedat tradeunionists.[N]Erica isproof that agreat-grandmother canhelptolead therevolution ifyou getthepsychology right-inthiscase,by matchingher enthusiasmfortheenvironment with afondness fororganising groups!think itsa terrificidea,she saysofthe campaign.HTheunion backingitmakesmembers thinkthere mustbe somethingin it.Sheisexpecting upto20people atthefirstmeeting shehas called,at herlocal pubintheCornish villageofPolperro.[O]Nick Perks,project directorforClimateSolidarity,believes thissort ofactivity iswherethefuture of environmentalaction lies.Using existingcivil societystructures ornetworksisamore effectivewayofcreating change..,and obviouslytrade unionsare oneofthe biggestcivil societynetworks inthe UK,he says.The”Love Food,Hate Waste11campaign enteredinto acollaboration lastyear withanother suchnetwork-the WomensInstitute.Londoner RachelTaylor joinedthecampaignwiththeaim ofmaking newfriends.A yearon,the meetingshave madelasting changesto whatshe throwsawayinherkitchen.nIfs alwaysmoreofan incentiveif youredoing itwith otherpeople/she says.1tmotivates youmore ifyou knowthat youvegottoprovide feedbacktoagroup/*[P]The powerof suchsimple psychologyin fightingclimate changeis attractingattentionacross thepolitical establishment.In theUS,the Houseof RepresentativesScienceCommittee has approved abill allocating$10million ayear tostudying energy-relatedbehaviour.In theUK,new studiesareindevelopment andsocialscientistsare regularlyspottedin Britishgovernment offices.With thehelp ofpsychologists,thereisfresh hopethat we mightgo greenafter all.

46.When peoplefind theyare powerlesstochangea situation,they tendto livewithit.

47.To beeffective,environmental messagesshouldbecarefully framed.

48.Itisthe governmentsresponsibility topersuade peopleinto makingenvironment-friendly decisions.

49.Politicians arebeginning torealise theimportance ofenlisting psychologists1helpin fightingclimatechange.

50.To findeffective solutionstoclimatechange,itisnecessary tounderstandwhatmotivatespeopletomakechange.

51.In theirevolution,humans have learned topay attentiontothemost urgentissuesinstead oflong-term concerns.

52.One studyshows thatour neighbours*actions areinfluential inchanging ourbehaviour.

53.Despite clearsigns ofglobalwarming,itisnoteasyfor mostpeopletobelieveclimate changewillaffecttheir ownlives.

54.We shouldtake ourfuture intoconsideration inmakingdecisionsconcerningclimate changebefore itis toolate.

55.Existing socialnetworks canbe moreeffectiveincreating changein peoplesbehaviour.Section CDirections:Thereare2passages inthissection.Each passageis followedby somequestionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachofthemtherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C.andD.You shoulddecide onthebestchoice andmarkthecorrespondingletter onAnswerSheet2withasingle linethroughthecentre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are basedonthefollowing passage.More thana decadeago,cognitive scientistsJohn Bransfordand DanielSchwartz,both thenat VanderbiltUniversity,found thatwhat distinguishedyoung adultsfromchildren was nottheability toretain factsor applyprior knowledgetoanew situationbut aqualitythey calledHpreparation forfuture learning.H The researchers askedfifth gradersandcollegestudentsto createa recoveryplantoprotect baldeagles fromextinction.Shockingly,the twogroups cameup withplans ofsimilar qualityalthoughthe collegestudents had betterspelling skills.From thestandpoint ofa traditionaleducator,thisoutcome indicatedthat schoolinghad failedtohelp students think about ecosystemsandextinction,major scientificideas.Theresearchersdecided togo deeper,however.They askedboth groupsto generatequestionsabout importantissues needed to createrecovery plans.On thistask,they foundlargedifferences.College studentsfocused oncritical issuesof interdependencebetweeneagles and their hab/tats栖息地.Fifth graderstended tofocus onfeatures ofindividualeaglesnHow bigare theynand nWhat do theyeatn.The collegestudentshadcultivatedthe ability to askquestions,the cornerstoneof criticalthinking.Theyhadlearned howtolearn.Museums andother institutionsof informallearning maybe bettersuited toteach thisskillthan elementaryand secondaryschools.At theExploratorium inSan Francisco,werecently studiedhow learning toaskgood questionscan affectthe qualityof peoplesscientificinquiry.We foundthat whenwe taughtparticipants toask nWhatif”and Howcan”questions thatnobody presentwould knowthe answerto andthat wouldsparkexploration,they engagedin betterinquiry atthenextexhibit-asking morequestions,performing moreexperiments andmakingbetterinterpretations oftheir results.Specifically,their questionsbecame morecomprehensive atthenewexhibit.Rather thanmerely askingabout something theywantedtotry,they tendedto includeboth causeand effectin theirquestion.Asking juicyquestions appearstobea transferableskill fordeepeningcollaborative inquiryintothescience contentfound inexhibits.This typeoflearningisnotconfined tomuseums orinstitutional settings.Informallearning environmentstolerate failurebetterthanschools.Perhaps manyteachers havetoolittle timeto allowstudentstoform andpursue theirown questionsand toomuch groundtocover inthe curriculum.But peoplemust acquirethis skillsomewhere.Our societydependson thembeing abletomakecritical decisionsabout theirown medicaltreatment,say,orwhat wemust doabout globalenergy needsand demands.For that,wehavea robustinformallearning systemthat givesno grades,takes allcomers,and isavailable evenonholidays andweekends.

56.What istraditional educators1interpretation ofthe researchoutcomementioned inthefirstparagraph AStudents arenot ableto applyprior knowledgeto newproblems.B Collegestudents areno betterthan fifthgraders inmemorizing facts.C Educationhas notpaid enoughattentiontomajor environmentalissues.D Educationhas failedtoleadstudentsto thinkaboutmajor scientificideas.

57.In whatway arecollegestudentsdifferent fromchildrenA Theyhave learnedtothinkcritically.B Theyare concernedabout socialissues.C Theyare curiousabout specificfeatures.D Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently.

58.What isthe benefit of askingquestions withno readyanswersA Itarouses students1interest inthings around them.B Itcultivates students1abilitytomake scientificinquiries.C Ittrains students*abilitytodesign scientificexperiments.D Ithelps studentsrealize notevery questionhas ananswer.

59.What issaidtobetheadvantage of informal learningAIt allowsfor failures.B Itis entertaining.C Itcharges notuition.D Itmeets practicalneeds.

60.What doesthe authorseemtoencourage educatorstodoattheend ofthepassageA Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobal issues.B Designmore interactiveclassroomactivities.C Makefull useofinformallearning resources.D Includecollaborative inquiryinthecurriculum.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are basedonthefollowing passage.Theres anold sayinginthespace world:amateurs talkabout technology,professionals talkabout insurance/1In aninterview lastyear withThe Economist,GeorgeWhite sides,chief executiveof space-tourism fumVirgin Galactic,was placinghiscompany inthe lattercategory.But insurancewillbecold comfortfollowingthe failure onOctober31stof VSS Enterprise,resulting inthe deathof onepilot andthe severeinjury toanother.On topofthetragic lossoflife,the accident in Californiawill casta longshadow overthefutureof space tourism,even beforeit hasproperly begun.The notionofspace tourism tookhold in2001witha$20million flightaboard aRussianspacecraft byDennis Tito,a millionaireengineer withan adventurousstreak.Justhaft adozen holiday-makers havereached orbitsince then,for similarlyastronomical pricetags.But morerecently,companies havebegun toplan moreaffordable suborbital”flights-briefer venturesjusttothe edgeof spacesvast darkness.Virgin Galactichad,priorto thisweeks accident,seemed closestto startingregular flights.The companyhas alreadytakendeposits fromaround800would-be spacetourists,including StephenHawking.After beingdogged bytechnical delaysfor years,Sir RichardBranson,VirginGalactics founder,had recentlysuggested thata SpaceShip Twocraft wouldcarry its firstpaying customersas soonas February

2015.That nowseems animpossible timeline.InJuly,a sistercraft ofthe crashedspace planewas reportedtobeabout half-finished.Theother halfwillhaveto wait,as authoritiesof AmericasFederal AviationAdministrationFAA.and NationalTransportation SafetyBoard workout:what wentwrong.In themeantime,the entirespace tourismindustry willbe ontenterhooks坐立不安.The2004Commercial SpaceLaunch AmendmentsAct,intended toencourage privatespacevehicles andservices,prohibits thetransportation secretaryand therebytheFAA.from regulatingthe designor operationof private spacecraft,unless theyhaveresulted ina seriousor fatalinjury tocrew or.passengers.That meansthatthe FAA couldsuspendVirgin Galacticslicence tofly.lt couldalso insiston checkingprivate mannedspacecraftas thoroughlyasitdoes commercialaircraft.While thatmay:make suborbitaltravelsafer,itwouldadd significantcost andcomplexity toan emergingindustry thathasuntil nowoperated largelyastheplayground ofbillionaires anddreamy engineers.How Virgin Galactic,regulators andthe publicrespond to this mostrecent tragedywilldetermine whetherand howsoon privatespace travelcan transcendthatplayground.Thereisno doubtthat spaceflight entailsrisks,and topioneer anew modeoftravel isto facethose risks,and toreduce them.withthebenefitofhard-won experience.

61.What issaid aboutthefailureofVSSEnterpriseA Itmay leadtothebankruptcy ofVirginGalactic.B Ithas astrong negativeimpactonspace tourism.C Itmay discouragerich peoplefrom space travel.D Ithas arousedpublic attentionto safetyissues.

62.Whatdowe learnaboutthespace-tourism firmVirgin GalacticAIthasjust builta craftfor commercialflights.B Ithas senthalf adozen passengersinto space.C Itwas aboutready tostart regularbusiness.D Itisthefirst tolaunch suborbital”flights.

63.What isthe purposeofthe2004Commercial SpaceLaunch AmendmentsActA To ensurespacetravelsafety.B Tolimit theFAA*s functions.D Theybelieved inhis businessconnections.Questions22to25are basedonthepassage youhave justheard.

22.A Prestigeadvertising.B Institutionaladvertising.C Wordof mouthadvertising.D Distributingfree trialproducts.

23.ATosell aparticular product.B Tobuild uptheir reputation.C Topromote aspecific service.D Toattract high-end consumers.

24.A Byusing theservices oflarge advertisingagencies.B Byhiring theirown professionaladvertising staff.C Bybuying mediaspaceinleading newspapers.D Bycreating theirown adsand commericais.

25.A Decideon whatspecific meansof communicationto employ.B Conducta large-scale surveyon customerneeds.C Specifythe objectivesofthecampaign indetail.D Pre-test alternativeads orcommercials incertain regions.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhear apassage threetimes.When thepassageisreadfor thefirst time,you shouldlisten carefullyforitsgeneral idea.When thopassageisreadforthesecond time,you arerequired tofill intho blankswiththe exactwords youhave justheard.Finally,when thopassageisread farthethird time,you shouldchock whatyouhavewritten.Extinction isdifficult conceptto grasp.Itisan26concept.Its notatalllike thekillingof individuallifeforms thatcanberenewed throughnormal processesofC Tolegalize privatespace explorations.D Topromote thespacetourismindustry.

64.What mighttheFAAdo afterthe recentaccidentinCaliforniaA Imposemore rigidsafety standards.B Stopcertifying newspace-tourist agencies.C Amendits2004Commercial SpaceLaunch AmendmentsAct.D SuspendVirgin Galacticslicence totake passengersinto space.

65.What doesthe authorthink ofprivatespacetravelA Itis worthpromoting despitetherisksinvolved.B Itshould notbe confinedtotherich only.C Itshouldbestrictly regulated.DItistoorisky tocarry on.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes totranslate apassage fromChineseinto English.You shouldwrite youranswer onAnswerSheet

2.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色自20世纪70年代未实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验【参考答案】【参考范文】As isrevealed inthepicture,amanis sittinginfrontofthecomputer searchinginformation fromthe Internet,while awoman isstanding bythe door,holding acup ofcoffee.The moststriking featureisthecaption underthepicture,which readsI justfeelunfortunate to liveinaworldwithsomuch misleading information!^Simple asitis,whatthepicture conveystousisthought-provoking.By nomeans canwedeny thatthe Internetis playingsuch anincreasingly importantrole in our informationsocietythatwecouldnt beaway fromit inevery way.For instance,we dealwith allkindsof dataand informationeveryday bytheInternet.Nevertheless,withalarge amountofinformation comingup,the severityof misleadinginformation arises.Unfortunately,if welacktheabilityto distinguishthetrueinformationfromthe misleadingone,we willfinallyfall preyto it,becausethemisleadinginformationmay getpeopleintobad habits,evenmake themcommit crimes.Numerous networkfraud isa livingexample.From whathavebeendiscussed above,itistherefore,necessary thatsome effectivemeasuresbe takentopreventourselves frombeing misledby junkinformation.And inmyopinion,learningtoidentify theauthenticity ofinformation onlineisthemost practicalmeasure.【1-5】DCADC[6-10]AABAC[11-15]BBDBC[16-20]DBADB[21-25]CDABC[26-30]qualitiesappear tobeunpredictablerelaxedparticipant[31-35]take theinitiative infascinatesadegreeof simulatedappropriate[36-40]BMDFC[41-45]GELHO[46-50]CLGPH【51-55]DJBFO[56-60]DABAC[61-65]BCDDA【翻译参考译文】China isplaying anincreasingly importantrole inhelping theinternationalcommunity toeliminate extremepoverty by

2030.Since theimplementation ofthe reformandopeningupinthelateof1970s,China hashelpedas manyas fourhundred millionpeople outof poverty.Over thenext fiveyears,China willprovide assistanceto otherdeveloping countriesin povertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agricultural modernization,environmental protectionand healthcare.China hasmade remarkableprogress inreducing poverty,and hasmade unremittingeffortsto promoteeconomic growth,which willencourage otherpoor countriesto respondtothe challengesoftheirown development.These countriescan learnfromtheexperienceof Chinawhen theyseek todevelop theirown characteristics.reproduction.Nor isit simply27numbers.Nor isit damagethatcansomehow be remediedor forwhich somesubstitute canbe ound.Nor isit somethingthatsimplyaffects ourowngeneration.Nor isit somethingthatcouldberemediedby somesupernatural power.It isratheran28and finalact forwhich thereisnoremedy onearth orin heaven.A speciesonceextinct isgone forever.However manygenerations29us incomingcenturies,none ofthemwill eversee thisspecies thatwe extinguish.Not onlyare webringing aboutthe extinctionoflife30,wearealso makingthe landandtheair andthe seaso toxicthatthe veryconditions oflife arebeing destroyed.31basic naturalresources,notonlyare thenonrenewableresources being32inafrenzy（疯狂）of processing,consuming,and33,butwe arealso miningmuch ofour renewableresources,such astheverysoil itselfon which）terrestrial（地球上的life depends.The changethatistaking placeontheearth andinourminds isoneofthe greatestchangesever totake placein humanaffairs,perhapsthegreatest,since whatwearetalkingabout isnot simplyanother historicalchange orcultural34,but achangeofgeological andPartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）biological aswell aspsychological orderof

35.Section ADirections:In thissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.You arerequired toselectone wordfor eachblank froma listofchoicesgiven ina wordbank followingthepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefully beforemaking yourchoices.Each choiceinthebank isidentified byaletter.Please markthocorresponding letterfor eachitem onAnswerSheet2withasingle linethroughtho centre.You maynot useany oftho wordsinthebank morethanonce.Questions36to45are basedonthefollowing passage.It seemstobea lawinthetechnology industrythat leadingcompanies eventuallylosetheir positions,often quicklyand brutally.Mobile phonechampion Nokia,oneofEurope*sbiggest technologysuccess stories,wasno36,losing itsmarket sharein justa fewyears.In2007,Nokia accountedformorethan40%of mobilephone sales37Butconsumers*preferences werealready38toward touch-screen smartphones.With theintroductionof ApplesiPhone inthemiddleof thatyear,Nokia*smarketshare39rapidlyand revenueplunged.By theendof2013,Nokia hadsold itsphone businessto Microsoft.What sealed Nokias fatewasaseries ofdecisions madeby StephenElop inhisposition asCEO,which he40in October

2010.Each daythat Elopspent inchargeofNokia,the companysmarket valuedeclined by$23million,making him,bythenumbers,one oftheworst CEOin history.But Elopwas notthe onlyperson at41Nokia*s boardresistedchange,making itimpossible forthe company toadaptto rapidshifts inthe industry.Most42,Jorma Ollila,who hadledNokiastransitionfroman industrialcompanytoatechnology giant,was toofascinated bythe companys43success torecognize thechangethat wasneededtosustain itscompetitiveness.The companyalso embarkedona44cost-cutting program,which includedthe45eliminationofwhich hadmotivatedemployees totake risksand makemiracles.Good leadersleft thecompany,taking Nokiassenseof visionand directionswith them.Not surprisingly,much ofNokias mostvaluabledesign andprogramming talentleft aswell.A AssumedBBiasC DesperateDDeteriorationE ExceptionFFaultG IncidentallyHNotablyI PreviousJRelayedK ShiftingLShrankM SubtleNTransmittingO WorldwideSectionBDirections:In thissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten statementsattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiven inoneofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhichtheinformation isderived.You maychoosea paragraphmorethanonce.Each paragraphis markedwithaletter.Answerthe questionsby.markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.First-Generation College-Goers:Unprepared andBehind Kidswho arethefirst intheir familiesto bravetheworldof highereducation comeon campuswithlittle academicknow-how andare muchmore likelythan their peers todropout beforegraduation.[A]When NijayWilliams enteredcollege lastfall asa first-generation studentandJamaican immigrant,he wasacademically unpreparedfortherigors ofhighereducation.Like manyfirst-generation students,he enrolledinamedium-sized stateuniversity manyofhis highschool peerswere alsoattending,received aPell Grant,and tookoutsomesmallfederal loansto coverother costs.Given thehigh priceof roomand boardandtheclosenessof theschooltohis family,he chosetoliveat homeand workedbetween30and40hours aweekwhile takingafullclass schedule.[BJ WhatNijay didntrealize abouthis school-Tennessee StateUniversity-was itsfrighteninglylow graduationrate:a mere29percent forits first-generation students.At theendofhisfirst year,Nijay losthis PellGrant ofover$5,000after narrowlymissing the

2.0GPA cut-off,making itimpossible forhimtocontinue payingfor school.[C]Nijay representsalargeand growinggroup ofAmericans:first-generationcollege studentswho enterschool unpreparedor behind.To makematters worse,theseschools areill-equipped tograduate these students-young adultswho facespecificchallenges andobstacles.They typicallycarry financialburdens thatoutweigh theseoftheir peers,are morelikelytowork whileattending school,andoftenrequire significantacademicremediation（补习）.[D]Matt Rubin off directsIm First,a nonprofit organization launchedlast Octobertoreach outtothisspecific populationof students.He hopesto distributethis informationandhelp prospectivecollege-goers findthebestpost-secondary fit.And whileRubin offbelievestherearea goodnumberoffour-year schoolsthat trulycare aboutthese studentsandset asidesignificant resourcesand programsfor them,hesays thatnumber isnthigh enough.[E]Its notonly theselective andelite institutionsthat providethese opportunitiesfora smallsubset of this population/Rubin offsaid,adding thata majorityoffirst-generation undergraduatestend towardoptions suchas onlineprograms,two-yearcolleges,and commuterstate schools.n Unfortunately,there tendstobea lackofinformation andsupport tohelp studentsthink biggerand broader.n[F]Despite thisproblem,many studentsare stilldrawn tothese institutions-andtwo-year schoolsinparticular.As aformer highschool teacher,I sawstudents choosefamiliar,cheaper optionsyear afteryear.Instead ofskipping outon highereducationaltogether,they chosecommunity collegesor stateschools withlow barsfor admittance.[G]They underestimatethemselves whenselecting auniversity/said DaveJarrat,amarketing executivefor InsideTrack,afor-profitorganizationthat specializesin coachinglow-income studentsand supportingcolleges inordertohelpstudentsthrive.HThe realityofitisthatalotoflow-income kidscouldbegoingtoelite tufiversitiesonafull ridescholarshipand donteven realizeit.n[H]Many studentsare comingfromasituation whereno onearoundthemhas theexperienceof successfullycompleting highereducation,so theyare comingin questioningthemselvesandtheircollege worthiness/*Jarrat continued.That helpsexplain why,as ImFirstsRubinoffindicated,the schoolsto whichthesestudentsend upresorting canend upbeingsomeofthe poorestmatches forthem.The Universityof Tennesseein Knoxvilleoffersone exampleofthisdilemma.A flagshipuniversity inthe South,the schoolgraduatesjust16percent ofitsfirst-generation students,despite itsoverall graduationrateof71percent.Located onlyafewhours apart,The Universityof Tennesseeand TennesseeStateare worthcomparing.Tennessee Statesoverall graduationrate isa tiny39percent,but atleast ithasasmaller gapbetween theoutcomes forfirst-generation studentsand theseoftheirpeers.[I]Still,theUniversityof Tennesseedeserves creditfor beingtransparent.Manylarge institutionskeep thiskindofdata secret-or atleast makeit incrediblydifficult tofindThe Universityof NorthCarolina atChapel Hill,for instance,admits onlythat thegraduationrateforitsfirst-generation pupilsis muchlower thanthe percentageof allstudentswho graduatewithin fouryears81percent.[J]Itisactually quitedifficult tofred reliablestatistics ontheissuefor manyschools.Higher educationinstitutions are,under federallaw,required toreport graduationrates,butthese reportstypically onlyinclude Pellrecipient numbers-not necessarilyrates specifictofirst-generation students.Other initiativesfailtobreak。