2024届中考英语一轮复习：主谓一致-中考英语专项复习时态和语态

主谓一致主谓一致的原则.语法一致原则主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适1用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况He is a famoussinger.The boyswho areplaying theguitar aremy cousins.Life isfull of the unexpected.A sadmovie makesme cry.Their mothercooks breakfastfor themevery morning.意义一致原则以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+

2.形容词/v・ed/v-ing”、以・s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both…and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which,who等The classis more than fiftystudents,class指班级Generally speaking,the disableneed morehelp.Someone isknocking atthe door.就近原则

3.谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致这一原则多适用于there be”句型、由or,neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型There is an appleand two pears on the table.There aretwopearsand anapple onthe table.主谓一致的应用谓语动词用单数1不可数名词作主语时

1.Water isvery importantfor humans.Knowledge ispower.Happiness liesfirst ofall inhealth.2表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时Eight hoursof sleepis enough.Thirty minuteswas givento preparefor thelesson.Ten kilometersisalong distance.3主语为each,either,neither或由each,either,neither,every,no所修饰时Each of the studentshas adictionary.Either isgood enoughfor me.Neither of the booksis usefulto him.No manis bornwise.4主语为any,some,every,no所构成的复合不定代词时Anyone whoarrives herefirst willget apresent.I thinkthat somethinginteresting is going tohappen.Everybody deservesa chance.Nothing ismore importantthan health.5主语为little,much或被much修饰时Very littlehas beendone aboutit.Much of the timewas wasted.Much wateris neededin thisplace.6主语为many a/morethanone+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时Many avisitor has been tothe GreatWall.More thanone chairis in the room.One anda halfbananas iseaten bythe littlegirl.7“one of/the number of+名词复数”做主语时One of these notebooksis mine.The numberof themembers in the swimmingclub is

50.8学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时Physics isnot hisstrong point.China isa developingcountry.Treasure Islandis themost interestingbook Iveread.A TheUnited Nationswas formedin

1945.谓语动词用复数1主语为both,few,a few,many,several或由其所修饰时

2.Both of my sistersare teachers.A fewvegetables wereleft.Several of the grapesare bad.2“the+形容词”表示一类人如the deaf,the blind,the old,the young,the rich,the poor等作主语时The youngare fullof energy.3“the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时The Smithswere watchingTV thistime lastnight.4山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时The OlympicGames areheld onceevery fouryears.The Rockymountains stand inthewest of the northAmerica.5只有复数概念的集体名词people,police,cattle等作主语时These peoplevolunteer toclean thepark onweekends.Police arehunting thecriminal.

3.谓语动词的形式视情况而定1主语为某些集体名词如family,class,team,army,club,public,audience时1看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数His familyhas movedinto thenew house.The publicwas convincedof hisinnocence.There wasa bigaudience atthe eveningparty.2看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数The classare busycleaning the classroom.The audiencewere deeplymoved bythe plot.My familyare waitingfor me.2主语为all,any,some,most,enough,half或由其所修饰时1主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数All of the playerswant towin thegame.I dontthink anyofmyfriends areinterested inthis movie.A Some ofthewomen havelong curlyblack hair.2主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数All ofthe workhasbeenfinished.Most ofthe foodtastes delicious.Half ofthe landis covered by grass.3主语为the restof、the lastof、lots ofplenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时,谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定The restofthefood iseaten byhim.The restofthestudents arestaying atthe classroom.Two thirdsofthemembers aregirls.More thanfifty percentoftheland wascoveredbysnow.4主语为none时1表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数She triedten hats,but nonewere suitedher.None havearrived hereyet.2表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数We need to buysome milk,because noneis Ie代.None isas tallas Tom.5一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如trousers,shorts,glasses,pants,scissors等作主语时

①前面若无a pairof,a setof,series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；My glassesare broken.His trousershave wornout.The scissorsarent sharp.

②若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式A pairof pantsis onhis bed.Three pairsof trousersare enough.6and连接并列主语时并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数Lily andGrace aregood friends.A singerand anactor werehaving dinnerin myrestaurant yesterday.并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数A workerand engineerwas givinga lecturefrom2p.m.to4p.m.yesterday afternoon.The singerand danceris popularamong theyoung people.Bread andbutter ishis favoritefood.⑺there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致There isa bankand two shops onthis road.There aretwoshopsandabank onthis road.8由or,neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also…连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致Either heor Iam going to attendthe meetingon Friday.Either Ior heis goingto attendthe meetingon Friday.9主语后跟介词along with,besides,together with,with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as,other than,rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致My mothertogether withmy brothershas seenthe film.I aswellasmy sisteram goodat English.His brother;rather thanhis parentsis fondofthecountry music.10非谓语动词作主语

①单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数Listening tomusic isa waytoo relaxmyself.To savethe endangeredanimals iswhat weneedtodo.

②如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示不同概念,谓语动词用复数To goto bedearly and to getup earlyisagood habit.To workandtolive aretwo differentthings butthey arealways together.11关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致

①先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数I wantto knowthe manwho issinging inthe musicroom.The penswhich areonthedesk belongto Alice.

②one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/rightoneof+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数Jack isone ofthe musicianswho wereawarded.Jack isthe onlyone ofthe musicianswho wasawarded.练习

一、单项选择

1.The photostaken bymy brotherlast weekare verynice.A.which wereB.that is C.that was D.which was

2.One billiona largenumber.You canmake it.A.are;small B.is;smaller C.is;small D.are;smaller

3.Everyone exceptMike andLinda therewhen themeeting began.A.is B.are C.wasD.were

4.The numberofthevolunteers60now.And asmall numberof themgone totheworkplace.A.is;have B.are;have C.is;are D.is;has

5.ofthestudents inour classgoingtothe summercamp inShanghai nextweek.A.Three fifths;are B.Third fifths;are C.Three fifths;is D.Third fifths;is

6.Doing exercisegood foryour health.A.be B.am C.is D.are

7.Not onlymy parentsbut alsoI interestedin ping-pong.A.be B.am C.is D.are

8.We makeit arule thateach ofus_the bedroomone daya week.A.clean B.cleans C.has cleanedD.have cleaned

9.This listeningmaterial,together withits CDROMs,well.A.sells B.sell C.is soldD.are sold

10.In ourschool librarythere anumberofbooks onscience,andinthese yearsthenumber othem growinglarger andlarger.A.are;is B.is;are C.have:are D.has;isll.-Mum,no fruitinthefridge.-Oh,Ill goand buysome atonce.A.there is B.it isC.there areD.it was

12.The teacherwith hisstudents thezoo ifit tomorrow.A.is goingto;isnt rainyB.are goingto;isnt rainyC.isgoingto;wont rainD.are goingto;doesnt rain

13.Maths_my favoritesubject.A.are B.isC.am D.be

14.Half oftheclassmost ofthe work.Someofthe work_really difficult.A.have done;isB.has done;areC.has done;is D.have done;are

15.More thanone studentread thenovels,which writtenby David.A.has;was B.have;were C.has;were D.have;was

16.The sickand thewounded senthome.A.Is B.was C.has D.were。