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A第讲阅读理解之说明文（讲义）04目录复习目标掌握目标及备考方向考情分析中考阅读理解说明文考情分析-
11.细节理解题
2.推理判断题阅读说明文的
3.词义猜测题—*考向
4.主旨大意题
5.提升必考题型归纳四真题感悟中考阅读说明文经典考题精选【复习目标】
1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2.明确命题规律和提问方式
3.掌握不同题型的解题方法【考情分析】阅读理解说明文命题规律/*说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息说明的对象A.说明对象的特征B.说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）C.（灭绝）Theyve beenextinct for more than65million years.They leftno picturesbut librarieswere filledwith booksabout them.Yet,they live on in the imaginationsof people.Mention theword“dinosaur“to anyoneand youresure tohavesomething totalk about.（化石）We haveknown about these strangeliving thingsfor morethan200years.Their fossil record wasfirstdiscovered in
1818.The word“dinosaur wascreated in1842by ascientist whoput twoGreek wordstogether.What we know about dinosaurs comesonly through the fossilrecord theyleft behind.We can get anidea ofhow they（骨架）looked bybuilding theirskeletons withfossilized bonesand teeth.They musthave beenamazing as they toweredhigh above the other living things of their time.We do know that they livedon land and walked.Some walkedon twolegs.Others preferredfour legs.Some werefast and others werequite slow.We havea prettygood pictureof theirsize and structure,but notmuch elseis knownfor certain.For example,whatcolor werethey Nobodyknows.Did theycry likelions,or weretheir voicessweet andmusical likebirds Again,how canweknow Thefossilrecorddoes notspeak.Keep inmind thatwhat wedont knowabout dinosaursis fargreater thanwhat wedoknowaboutthem.As witha lotofresearches aboutthat era,scientists oftenhave toread betweenthe lines.根据材料内容选择最佳答案
5.Which of the followingpictures is the dinosaurA.Almost200years ago.B,Over200years ago.C.More than65million years ago.D.Almost200million years ago.
7.What arepeople sureabout dinosaursA.Color andaction.
8.Size andstructure.C.Sound andlanguage.D.Personality andfeeling.
8.Whats themain idea of Paragraph4A.Different kindsof dinosaurs.B.Several factsabout dinosaurs.C.The size andstructureof dinosaurs.D.Some unknownthings aboutdinosaurs.
6.When was the firstdinosaur fossildiscovered
9.Whats the best titlefbr the textA.The appearanceof dinosaursB.The placeswhere dinosaurslivedC.The reasonswhy dinosaursdied outD.Known andunknown factsaboutdinosaurs【答案】【导语】本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知
5.C
6.B
7.B
8.D
9.D细节理解题根据以及常识可知恐龙比那个时代的
5.“they toweredhighabovetheotherliving thingsof theirtime”其他生物都要高，选项符合故选C C细节理解题根据（化石）
6.We haveknown aboutthese strangelivingthingsformorethan200years.Their fossil可知恐龙化石于年首次被发现，即多年前故选record wasfirst discoveredin1818”1818200B细节理解题根据可知我们对它们的大小和结构有一
7.“We havea prettygood pictureof theirsize andstructure”个很好的了解故选B主旨大意题根据
8.“We havea prettygood pictureof theirsizeandstructure,but notmuch elseis knownfor certain…”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了关于恐龙的一些未知故选D最佳标题题本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知，以选项“关于恐龙的已知和未知事实”为标题最
9.D合适故选D（2023・福建厦门・厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）（聚焦）（非A special season ofVoice of China thatspotlights onYue Opera,a nationalintangible cultural heritage物质文化遗产）,was onZhejiang TV.（Yue Opera,one of the fivemajor Chineseoperas PekingOpera,Yue Opera,Huangmei Opera,Ping Opera,Yu）Opera in the order of influence,is known as Chinese drama“abroad.Yue operastarted inShaoxing,Zhejiang andlaterbecame popular in Shanghai.Xiaosheng,Xiaodan,Laosheng,Laodan,Xiaochou,and Damian are thesix majorroles inYue Opera.Xiaosheng are the youngman roleswhile Xiaodanare the young woman roles.Laosheng andLaodan refers to（不忠的）.the olderman andwoman roles.Xiaochou usuallyplay afun role.Damianaremostly treacherousWorkingwith theprovinces departmentof cultureand tourism,Zhejiang TVtries to use the influence ofVoice of（观众）China,which hasowned agreat audiencegroup inhome andabroad since10yearsago,to creativelyspreadtraditional artforms amongyoung audience.The specialseason haskept theform ofVoice ofChina,inviting fourexperienced performersas team leadersto choosetheir teammembers.The team leaders haveto sitwith theirback to the stagewhere the performers wouldperformone afteranother.If someonessinging winstheir hearts,they canpush abutton to turn around the chairs to see theface of the performer.Young Yue Opera performersare encouragedto show the traditionalart creatively.For example,they woulduseguitar asthe musicalinstrument in the operaor addmodern singingstyle into their performance.
10.According to theinfluence,Yue Operais themajor Chineseoperas.A.1st B.2nd C.3rd D.4th
11.Picture showsthe roleof Xiaodan.
12.From thepassage,you canlearn the following aboutYue OperaEXCEPT.A.it hassix majorroles B.it started in ShanghaiC.it is an intangibleculturalheritageD.it isknownasChinesedrama^^abroad
13.The4th paragraph mainly talksabout.A.why Voice ofChinais popularB.what performersdo in the showC.howthespecialseasonruns D.who theteamleadersare
14.The topicof thepassage is about.A.business amp;tourism B.science amp;future C.culture amp;art D.films amp;music【答案】.1B
11.B
12.B
13.C
14.C【导语】本文主要讲述了越剧是一种中国传统文化艺术文章详细介绍了它的起源、它的特点、它的发展以及《中国好声音》特别季的运营等细节理解题根据第二段
10.“YueOpera,one of the fivemajor Chineseoperas PekingOpera,YueOpera,Huangmei可知，越剧是中国五大戏曲种类之一京剧，越剧，黄梅戏，Opera,Ping Opera,Yu Operain theorderofinfluence”评剧，和豫剧，按影响力排序，可见，越剧是“中国第二大剧种:故选B细节理解题根据第二段.”可知，
11.“Xiaosheng are theyoungmanroleswhile Xiaodanaretheyoung womanroles小旦是年轻女性的角色故选B细节理解题根据第二段可知，
12.“Yue operastartedinShaoxing,Zhejiang andlater becamepopularinShanghai.越剧起源于浙江绍兴，后来在上海流行起来所以选项描述错误故选B B段落大意题根据第四段
13.“The specialseason haskept theform ofVoiceofChina,inviting fourexperiencedperformers asteamleadersto choosetheir teammembers....If someonessinging winstheir hearts,they canpush abutton.”可知，《中国好声音》特别季邀请了四位经验丰富的表toturnaroundthechairstoseetheface of theperformer演者作为团队领导者来选择他们的团队成员表演者的歌声赢得了他们的心，他们才会转身看到演出者由此可见，本段是在说中国好声音特别季是怎样运营的故选C主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文由《中国好声音》特别季引入越剧，进而介绍越剧的起源、特点、角色
14.等由此推知文章的主题是关于文化和艺术的故选C（2023,山西大同・模拟预测）Have youever wonderedwhat animalsare talkingabout Withthe developmentof AI,we maybe ableto understandtheirlanguages!In ProfessorKaren Bakkersnew book,The Soundsof Life:How DigitalTechnology IsBringing Us Closer to the（版本）.Worlds ofAnimals andPlants,she talksabout howAI ishelping usto makean animalversion（王国），（破译）.All aroundthe animalkingdom there are soundsthat we can hardlypick upand decipherFor（次声波）（珊壬example,elephants talkwith eachother usinginfrasound farbelow ourhuman hearingrange.Coral胡）in theocean alsosends sound waves to attract babycoral tosafer areasto grow.This issurprising ascoral doesnthaveany ears!Scientists haveplaced listeningequipment into these environmentsto pickup thesounds humanscannot hear.After thesounds arerecorded,AI canstudy theirmeaning.For example,Israeli researchersused AIto translatebats（姿15,000calls.They found that morethan60percent werearguments aboutfour things:food,sleep positions势）（侵犯），（求爱）.,invasion andunwanted advancesThistechnology cannot onlyunderstand the animals butcommunicate backto them.For example,bees usedances tocommunicate.A researchteam inGermany,therefore,put thebee languageAI systeminto a robot bee.They asked the（路线）（花蜜）robot tocreate adance routineto tell the bees where the nectar was,Vox reported.
15.What doesKarenBakkers new book mainly talk about_A.Why humansshould protectanimals.B,How AIhelps humansto understandanimals.C.When humanscan getcloser toanimals.
16.How didelephants talkwith eachotherA.By usinginfrasound.B.By sendingsoundwaves.C.By wavingtheir bigears.
17.What does the underlined word“equipment“in Paragraph3mean inChinese耳机设备障碍A.B.C.（推断）
18.What can we inferfrom Paragraph4A.Scientists havegot toknow howbats arguewith eachother.B,Israeli researchersarethe first touse AIto translateanimals5languages.C.Scientists havebeen ableto translatesome animals9languages withAI technology.
19.How didscientists tellbeeswhere thenectar wasA.They trainedother beesto leadthem there.B,They askeda robot bee toteach thema newlanguage.C.They made arobotbee to tellthe bees aboutthe routeby dancing.【答案】
15.B
16.A
17.B
18.C
19.C【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能技术如何帮助我们理解动物语言细节理解题根据
15.In ProfessorKaren Bakkersnewbook,The Soundsof Life:How DigitalTechnology IsBringing可知，UsCloserto theWorlds ofAnimals andPlants,she talksabout howAI ishelping usto makean animalversion”这本书主要谈论了人工智能如何帮助我们制作动物版故选B细节理解题根据可知,大象
16.elephants talkwith eachother usinginfrasound farbelow ourhuman hearingrange”使用远低于人类听觉范围的次声波相互交谈故选A词义猜测题根据
17.“Scientists haveplaced listeningequipment intothese environmentsto pickup thesounds humans可知，为了收集人类听不到的声音，需要一些设备，故此处划线部分意为“设备”故选cannot hear.”Bo推理判断题根据可知，在声音被记录下来之后，
18.“After thesounds arerecorded,AI canstudy theirmeaning…”人工智能可以研究它们的含义，由此推知科学家们已经能够用人工智能技术翻译一些动物的语言故选C细节理解题根据
19.A researchteam inGermany,therefore,put thebee languageAI systeminto arobotbee.They（路线）可知，他们让机器人创造一个askedtherobot tocreate adance routineto tellthebeeswherethenectarwas”舞蹈程序，告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里故选C（2023・吉林白城・校联考模拟预测）（流汗的）Feeling sweatyfrom asummer heat wave Dontworry.Not allyour sweathas togo towaste.（装置）Researchers fromUniversity ofCalifornia havedeveloped anew devicethat producesenergy from the sweatonyour fingertips.（生物燃料细胞）.The device is calleda biofuel cell Fromthe outside,it lookslike asimple pieceof filmconnected（电极）.to electrodesSo howdoesthe device workWhen youstick thebiofuel cellto yourfinger,it takesin sweat.The（酶）enzymes on the electrodesthen helpto produce electricity.Besides usingthe sweat,the devicealso producessmall amountsof energywhen it is pressed,so dailyactivities liketyping,texting,or playingthe pianoare allgood waysto produceelectricity.Some peoplemay thinkit queerto choose fingertips asthe source of sweat,but in fact,they arethe sweatiestpart ofthe body.Each fingerproduces between100and1,000times moresweat thanmost other areas.The deviceis the most effectiveon-body energyproducer.Before it is invented,most powerproducing wearabledevicesrequire wearersto perforinexercise ordepend onother sources,such assunlight orlarge changesin temperature.But thenew deviceuses asystem toproduceelectricityfrom sweatin yourfingertips,even ifyou aresleeping orsittingcompletely quietly.One of the researchersLu Yinsaid,Unlike othersweat-powered wearables,this onerequires noexercise,no physicalinput from the wearerin orderto beuseful.This workis astep forwardto makingwearables morepracticaland convenient.Its alsoquite comfortableto wearthe device.The sizeof the deviceis about1cm
2.You cancomfortably wearit fbra long period of time,“said Yin.However,at the moment,thedevice can onlystore upa littlebit power.And itwould take about threeweeks of彳断的）根据短文constant wearto power a smart phone,but the researchers hopeto increaseits powerin the future.内容，选择正确答案
20.The biofuel cell can.A.protect fingertipsB.cause aheatwaveC.make use of sweatD.develop newdevices
21.What doesthe underlinedword“queer“mean in Paragraph3A.Strange.B.Unsafe.C.Dirty.D.Traditional.
22.Wearing thebiofuel cell,who can make thebiofuelcellwork
①Edward has a goodsleep in his bed.
②Vetty sendsa textmessage toher mom.
③Nick playsbasketball withhis classmates.
④Lily driedthe sweaton herhands witha fan.A.
②③④B.
①③④C.
①②④D.
①②③
23.What is the advantageof thebiofuel cellA.It caninfluence the temperature greatly.B.It canpowera smartphonein aday.C.It makesyou comfortablewhen you are inpain.D,It worksfor nearly24hours aday whenyou wearit.
24.Whats thebest titlefor thepassage一A.The Historyof theBiofuel CellB.A TraditionalTechnology theBiofuel Cell一C.A NewTechnology theBiofuel CellD.The Inventorof theBiofuel Cell【答案】
20.C
21.A
22.D
23.D
24.C【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了新科技生物燃料电池推理判断题根据第二段可知，当你把生物燃
20.“When youstick thebiofuelcellto yourfinger,it takesin sweat.料电池粘在手指上时，它会吸收汗液；根据Besides usingthe sweat,thedevicealso producessmall amounts诙除了使用汗液，该设备在按压时也会产生少量能量由此推知生物燃料电池可ofenergywhenitispressecTRJ I,以利用汗水，故选C词义猜测题根据和
21.choosefingertipsasthesourceofsweat butinfact,they arethe sweatiestpart of thebody.”可知，人们普遍认为指尖的汗水比较少，所以利用指尖的汗水作为来源对人们来说是很奇怪的，故选Ao推理判断题根据第三段
22.“so dailyactivities liketyping,texting,or playingthe pianoare allgood waysto generate可知，打.字、发短信或弹钢琴等日常活动都是发电的好方法；根据electricity”even ifyouaresleeping orsitting可知，即使你在睡觉或坐着时完全僵硬，也能通过指尖的汗水产生电力由此推断,人们常completely stuL”H睡觉（对应
①）、发信息（对应
②）还有运动（对应
③）都会让生物燃料电池运转，故选D细节理解题根据倒数第二段可知，当你戴着它的时候，
23.“You cancomfortably wearit foralongperiodoftime”它几乎一天小时都在工作故选24D最佳标题题根据本文介绍了一种新型的生物燃料电池所以最好的标题是“一种新技术——生物燃料电
25.Which designof the following didntLeonardo daVinci drawaccording tothe passageA.War machines.B.Flying machines.C.Reversing mirrors.D.Musical instruments.
26.The underlinedword Theyin Paragraph2refersto.C.Leonardo daVinci5s ideasD.Leonardo da Vincis（designs
27.Which of the followingwas Leonardo da Vincisidea A.Science andhis artworkswerent closelyconnected.B,Learning sciencehelped himmake betterworks of art.C.All artistsshould learnto makescientific inventions.D.The studyof naturecouldnt improvehis workasanartist.
28.Which of the followingbest showsthe structureof thepassage◎（））A.@B.@P3@C.^^5IA.Leonardo da Vincis notebooksB.LeonardodaVincis paintingsA.To letus knowmore abouttheMonaLisaandThe LastSupper.B.To showus someof LeonardodaVincisflying machines.C.To letus knowmore aboutLeonardodaVinci.D.To letus helpfind LeonardodaVincisspecial notebooks.【答案】
25.C
26.A
27.B
28.B
29.C【导语】本文主要介绍了达・芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现细节理解题根据.和
25.“In hisnotebooks,there weredesigns forflying machinesLeonardodaVinci drewpictures口矢口，达•芬奇画过飞行器、anddesignsofwarmachines,musical instrumentsand manyother thingsaswell.“J战争机器、乐器等设计没有提到画过翻转的镜子的设计故选C词句猜测题根据
26.He leftbehindmanynotebooksfullofcreativeideas andinventions.They werealso fullof可知，他留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本它们也充满了他正在研究differentsubjectsthat hewasstudying.”的不同物品因此代词they指代“达・芬奇笔记本”故选A细节理解题根据可知,在他看
27.In hisopinion,the studyof scienceand naturehelpedshapehisworkasanartist来，对科学和自然的研究有助于他塑造艺术作品故选B
28.篇章结构题文章第一段引出话题，介绍达・芬奇在艺术之外的许多其他领域也有卓越的表现；第二至四段介绍了达・芬奇留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本；第五段介绍达・芬奇对科学和艺术的关系的看法因此选项的篇章结构图符合本文内容故选B B推理判断题根据可知，本文主要介
29.But doyou knowthathealso didwell in manyotherareas outside ofart”绍了达・芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现因此本文的写作目的是让我们更了解达・芬奇故选C（2023・安徽・统考模拟预测）©Nowadays childrenmostly receivehongbao onlinethanks tothe mobilepayment appssuch asAlipay andWeChat,which madethe centralbank tocreate anew kindof moneyfor onlinebusiness.Thafs howthe digital renminbi cameintobeing.The digitaltrade hasincreased thetypes ofpayment tools.Yet theuse of the digital renminbi facessome challenges.
②First,with paymentapps likeAlipay andWeChat,a completeecosystem（生态系统）has been set up for activitiessuch as shopping,traveling,giving hongbaoand makingpayments.So in a shorttime,the digital renminbi walletcanhardly shake it.
③Second,payments throughthe digitalrenminbi areput directlyinto digitalaccounts andtrades canbecompleted throughan electronicmachine,which maycause usersto worryaboutthesafety oftheir money,especiallywhen auser losesthe mobilephone.（吸弓）©Third,the publicisnotattracted Itothe digitalrenminbibecause ithas noappreciation value.While people（存款），have interestin bankdeposit nointerest isoffered ondigitalrenminbideposits.
⑤In fact,thefirstideaofthe digitalrenminbi wasto maketrades easierfor buyersand sellerswith thehelp oftheInternet andmobile apps.And asa toolthat canmeet theneeds ofthe publicinmanyfields,it islikely to be widelyused inthefuture.A.The centralbank.B・The safetyof money.
30.What doesrefer toC.The completepayment ecosystem.D.The newly-made electronicmachine.A.Worrying anddoubtful.B・Impossible toget developed.C.Challengeable buthopeful.D.Not mentionedin thepassage.
32.What is the structureofthepassage
①②③④①①2//l\C/7\\D.
②③④⑤B.
②③
31.What doesthe writerthink ofthefutureofthe digitalrenminbi
④\T/【答案】
30.C
31.C
32.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了数字人名币所面临的挑战词句猜测题根据（生态系统）
32.a completeecosystem has beenset upforactivities such as shopping,traveling,可矢口，giving hongbaoand makingpayments.So ina shorttime,the digitalrenminbi walletcan hardlyshakeit.”这里指一个完整的生态系统已经为购物、旅游、发红包和支付等活动建立起来所以短时间内，”数字人民币钱包”很难撼动它，因此指代上文的“完整的生态系统”故选it C推理判断题根据.和
33.Yet theuse ofthedigitalrenminbi facessome challenges“And asa toolthat canmeet the可知,作者认为数字人名币既面临着一needs ofthe publicinmanyfields,it islikely tobe widelyused inthe fUture.“些挑战，但仍然未来可期故选C篇章结构题根据可知，文章第一段点题；根据
34.“Yet theuseofthedigitalrenminbi facessome challenges.”…、”以及可知,第
二、
三、四段分别描述数字人名币面临的挑战;最后一段根据“First Second…“Third…”“In可知，是对整篇文章进行总结，因此整个文章的结构为“总分fact,...itislikely tobe widelyused inthe fUture.”【名师解难】说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即一Who-what when—一一where howwhy
1.who问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2.what问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3.when和where是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4.how通过什么方式表现出来的？
5.why这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文wh-word说明文阅读理解的解题技巧阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方••••••••・・•♦♦法，如定义、例释、类比等考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目••♦
一、解题技巧技巧一快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章技巧二运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息技巧三注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号技巧四注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案技巧五合理猜测，推敲生词的含义技巧六符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理
33.What arethe activitiesZhang Linglingdo at the partywithherfriendsA.They wearhanfu andsing songs.B.They playmartial arts.C.They watchshort-videos fromBilibili.D.They playa mobilegame together.
34.Which ofthefollowingsentence canbe putinA.Hanfu isa kindof dressworn byancient Hanpeople.B,She alwaysloses herselfin singingthose ancientpoems.C.Like Zhang,therearemany young people withlove fortraditionalChinese culture.D.Popular moderncultureis thebestway foryoungpeopleto showtheir personalities.
35..What doesthe productGodofFortune byYu Yangstand forA.Pop Chineseculture.B.Traditional Chineseculture.C.Mixture ofeastern andwestern cultures.D.Mixture oftraditional andmodern cultures.
36.What doesYu Yanghope for the futureC.Designing moreChineseshoes.D.Developing moremobile games.A.Accepting moreinterviews.B.Popularity of Chineseculture.【答案】
33.A
34.C
35.D
36.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了中国传统元素在年轻人中越来越受欢迎的趋势细节理解题根据第二段解可知,
33.hey wearhanfu andsing songswith musicfrom traditionalinstruments.”他们在派对上穿汉服唱歌故选A主旨大意题根据第三段空后内容可知，此段主要描述越来越多的年轻人如张玲玲一般热爱具有传统文化
34.的东西，因此此处需要一个过渡句，从个例过渡到大众的句子，选项“如张一般，有很多年轻人热爱中国传C统文化”最符合语境故选C细节理解题根据第四段
35.“others aremixing itwith modemthings.Pop culturedesignerYuYangis oneofthem.”可知，有些人在把传统文化和现代文化融合在一起，例如流行文化设计师于洋，因此于洋的作品代表的是现代和传统文化的结合故选D细节理解题根据第四段倒数第二句
36.I hopemore peoplewill acceptandlovemywork andknowChineseculture可知，于洋希望越来越多的人能通过他的作品了解到中国传统文化故选throughmyartpiecesJ B（-）（2023・浙江湖州•统考中考真题）（山谷），Scientists believethe Earthis
4.6billion yearsold.However,the mountains,valleys hills,rivers,desertsand forestswe seetoday aremuch youngerthan that.For example,Mount Qomolangmaisabout60million yearsold andtheAmazon rainforestis only10million yearsold.The youngestsea inthe worldis theBaltic Sea,at about15000yearsold.（火山），The Earthis alwayschanging because of volcanoesearthquakes andof course,wind andrain.Some ofthesechanges arevery slowandothersare quick.Water andice can make verygreat changes totheplanet.For example,glaciersrivers of icecan cut through mountains and make lakes and deep valleys.Many volcanoesare underthe oceansandsometimes theybecome newislands.This ishappening inthe SouthPacific,near Tonga.Its normalfor ourplanet tochange,but at themoment,scientists thinkits changingfaster thanusual.Some desertsaregrowing andmany forestsare gettingsmaller.The weatheris gettingwetter in some placesand drierin others,andthere are more big storms.According totheresearch,the sea level will continue torise inthe nexthundred years.As aresult,many citieswill possiblybe coveredby waterand muchofthemost productivefarming areaswill belost.Someisland countriesare likelyto disappearon themap ofthe world.These changeswill bringgreat harmtotheplanet.However,they canbe beneficialto some people.For example,asthe Arcticis gettingwarmer,somepeoplein Greenlandnow ownbusinesses andsell vegetablesthey growon theirland.That wasntpossible inthe farnorth50yearsago.Farmers inGreenland likethe warmweather andhope itwillcontinue.
1.How doesthe writerdescribe thechanges ofthe Earthin Paragraph2A.By usingsayings.B.By givingexamples.C.By tellingstories.D.By listingnumbers.
2.From Paragraph3,wecanmainly learnabout.A.the ageoftheEarth B.problems for the planetC.the lifeofthefarmers D.influences on the mountains“beneficial“
3.The underlinedword in Paragraph4istheclosest inmeaning toA.harmful B.normal C.helpful D.uncomfortable【答案】
1.B
2.B
3.C【导语】本文主要讲述了地球因为各种原因总是在变化，详细地介绍了这些变化的好处和坏处推理判断题根据
1.For example,glaciers riversoficecancutthroughmountainsandmakelakes anddeepvalleys…”可知，通过举例子的方式来描述地球的变化，故选B推理判断题根据
2.The weatheris gettingwetter in some placesand drierin others,and therearemorebigstorms...Asa result,many citieswill possiblybe coveredby waterand muchofthemost productivefanning areaswill belost.Some可知，第三段主要介绍了这些变化所带来的问题，island countriesare likelyto disappearon themap ofthe world”故选B词义猜测题根据;以及
3.“These changeswill bringgreat harmtotheplanet However,they canbe beneficialto some可知，这些变化会带来危害，表示转折，划线句子应说也可以带来好处，也就是给一些朋友带people.”However来帮助，故选C（•辽宁鞍山•统考中考真题）2023China has madeasystem of laws to protect the environment.It hashelped buildbeautiful China,according toa workreport.The systemincludes theEnvironmental Protection Law anda lot of laws insomeotherareas,such asthe Yangtze（土壤）River ProtectionLaw,the YellowRiver ProtectionLaw,the BlackSoil ProtectionLaw,the lawon theQinghai-Tibet Plateauand so on.These environmentalprotection lawsassist withbeautiful China.China protectsand improvesthe environmentin whichpeople live.It hasmade greatefforts toprevent and（质量）control pollution.Over thepast fiveyears,the airquality hasstayed at the goodlevel on
86.5percent ofthe daysincities.The countryhas alsomade progress in preventingand controllingsoil pollutionand continuedto protectforests,rivers,lakesand so on.Whats more,China hasmanaged tomake lawsto protectwild animals and plants,provide homesfor many animalsand teach the public to help them.Animals arefriends of humans,and protectinganimals isalso toprotectthe homeofhumans.A goodenvironment isimportant tohumans.Without thefresh airor cleanwater,we cantliveon the earth.TheChinese government has taken action to protect both,the environmentand ourselves.
4.There areat leastlawsinParagraph
2.A.5B.6C.7D.
85..The underlinedword“assist“inParagraph2is similarto.A.part B.agree C.help D.deal
6.According toParagraph3,we havedone somethingto protecttheanimals,including.©providing homesfor manyanimals
②giving animalsmore food©teaching thepublic tohelp animals©making lawsto protectwild animalsand plantsA.
①②③B.
①③④C.
①②④D.
②③④
7.Over thepast fiveyears,the airquality incities hasgenerally stayed at thelevel.A.bad B.terrible C.poor D.good
8..Whats themain ideaofthepassageA.A systemof lawshasbeenmade to protect soilaround China.B,The countryhasmadeprogressinpreventing riverpollution.C.China protectsand improvesthe environmentin whichpeople live.D.China hastaken actiontoprotectthe environmentand humans.【答案】
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.D【导语】本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类细节理解题根据
4.“The systemincludes theEnvironmental ProtectionLaw anda lotoflawsinsomeotherareas,such（土壤）astheYangtze River ProtectionLaw,the YellowRiverProtectionLaw,the BlackSoil ProtectionLaw,the lawon可知该体系包括《环境保护法》和其他一些领域的许多法律，如《长江保护the Qinghai-Tibet Plateauand soorT法》、《黄河保护法》、《黑土保护法》、《青藏高原法》等故选A词义猜测题根据可知这些环境保护法有助于
5.“These environmentalprotection lawsassist withbeautiful China.”建设美丽的中国，故此处划线部分和意义相近故选help C细节理解题根据
6.“China hasmanaged tomake lawstoprotectwild animalsand plants,provide homesformany可知中国还制定了保护野生动植物的法律，为许多动物提供了家园，并animalsandteachthepublictohelp them”教导公众帮助它们故选B细节理解题根据（质量）『可知在过去的五
7.Over thepast fiveyears,the airquality hasstayedat the goodleve年里，空气质量一直保持在良好水平故选D
8.主旨大意题根据“The Chinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboth.the environmentand ourselves/9以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类故选D（2023・湖南娄底•统考中考真题）Nowadays,it seemsthat wecannot livewithout technology.We learn,work andrelax byusing phones,computers,iPads,AI robotsand soon.Now,lefs seewhats goingon inJulies life.Julie usuallywakes up atthering ofa mobilephone.Then,she eatsher breakfasttoavideo on the phone.When she（下载）gets toher company,she dealswith thebusiness on the computer.And sheoften downloadsand storesthings thatsheneeds onher iPad.When sheneeds something,she canjust turnon the iPad andsearch forit.She carriesthe iPadwherever she is on businessbecause itslight.When sheis athome inthe evening,she sometimesuses ChatGPT,a smartAI chat robot,to writeher projects.She onlyneeds totype insome keywords andthen shecangetsome ideasinasecond.It can make heruse lesstime to do morethings.In thelate evening,she alwaysfalls asleepatthesoft musicfrom Xiaodu.Julie liveswith technology,andsodo we.However,technology bringsus someproblems atthe sametime.Staring at（近视的）screens toomuch isbad forour eyes.Many ofus arenear-sighted orhave othereye problems.AI ismaking someofus unwillingto thinkand exploreon ourown.We maycopy ideasfrom AI robots.We mayeven likechatting inthevirtual（虚拟的）world betterbecauseofso manychat robots.（双刃佥）So,I thinkthat technologyisadouble-sided swordij.We shoulduse technologycorrectly andwisely tomakeour lifeeasy,colorful andconvenient.
9.What doesJulie probablydoA.She isa student.B.She isa writer.C.She isa manager.
10.What doesJulie carrywhen sheisonbusinessA.A computer.B.An iPad.C.An AIrobot.
11.How doesthe writerdevelop Paragraph2A.By givingexamples.B.By providingreasons.C.By expressingopinions.（推断）
12.What canwe inferfrom thepassageA.ChatGPT isasmartAIchatrobot.B,AIrobotswill takethe place ofusone day.C.People maycommunicate lesswith eachother inreal life.
13.Whats thebest titleofthepassageA.How DoesJulie SpendHer DayB.How DoesTechnology HelpUsC.How DoesTechnology InfluenceOur Life【答案】
9.C
10.B
11.A
12.C
13.C【导语】本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响推理判断题根据可知在公司上班的可能是一个经理故选
9.“When shegets toher company”C细节理解题根据可知她出差时随身携带故选推理
10.“She carriestheiPadwhereversheisonbusiness”iPad B
11.oo判断题根据”可知第二段通过的事例讲述了科技对Julie usuallywakes up atthering ofamobilephone…Julie生活的影响故选A推理判断题根据（虚拟的）可知可能更喜欢在虚拟世
12.We mayeven likechatting inthe virtualworld better”界聊天，所以在现实生活中，人们之间的交流可能会减少故选C最佳标题题本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响，选项“科技如何影响我们的生活”为标题最合
13.C适故选C（•辽宁朝阳•统考中考真题）2023（自Chinese researchersreached the top of Qomolangma onMay4,
2022.They set up the worlds highest automatic动的）（海拔）weather station at an altitude of8,830meters.This helpsthem tostudy theinfluences of climate change onthe environment.It isthe highestautomatic weatherstation inthe worldnow.It hastaken theplace ofthe stationsitting atan altitudeof8,430meters onthe southsideofthe mountain,which isthe secondhighest now.This allowsChinese scientiststo directly（数据）collect dataforthefirst timefrom the top ofthe worlds highest mountain.Collecting andstudying datafrom Qomolangmaisnoteasy.But thedata willgive valuableinformation about（冰〃|）the conditionof localglaciers andmountain snow.It willalso helpscientists studyand understandthe global（季风）monsoon system,so expertscanmake proper decisionsabout climate change.Yao Tandong,a famousexpert,said Chinese scientists hadsetupeight weather stations from5,200to8,830metersabove sealevel.Half ofthe stationswere setup atan altitudehigher than7,000meters.Along withstrong governmentsupportand hardwork byscientists,China hasbecome aglobal front-runner infields suchas climate change.Yao said.
14.What isthe altitudeofthe highestautomatic weather stationA.5,200meters.B.7,000meters.C.8,430meters.D.8,830meters.（指代）
15.What doesthe underlinedword Itrefer toinParagraph3A.Reaching the top ofQomolangma.B.The influencesof climate change.C.The datafrom Qomolangma.D.The highestautomatic weatherstation.
16.How manyweatherstationswere setupatan altitudehigher than7,000metersA.Two.B.Four.C.Six.D.Eight.（陈述）
17.Which statementis NOTright accordingtothepassageA.Chinese scientistscan directlycollect datafromthe top ofQomolangma now.B.It ishard tocollect andstudy datafrom Qomolangma.C.The secondhighest weatherstation isonthenorth sideofthe mountain.D.China hasmade greatachievements infields suchas climate change.
18.In whichpart ofa newspapercanwefind thepassageA.Science.B.Sports.C.Travel.D.Health.【答案】
14.D
15.C
16.B
17.C
18.A【导语】本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况细节理解题根据（自动的）（海拔）
14.They setup theworlds highestautomatic weatherstationatan altitudeof8,830可知，他们在海拔米的地方建立了世界上最高的自动气象站故选meters.”8830D代词指代题根据（冰川）
15.But thedata willgive valuableinformation aboutthe conditionof localglaciers and（季）mountain snow.It willalso helpscientists studyand understandthe globalmonsoon Alsystem,so expertscanmake可知，这些数据将提供有关当地冰川和高山积雪状况的宝贵信息它还将proper decisionsabout climate change.”帮助科学家研究和了解全球季风系统，这样专家们就可以对气候变化做出正确的决定此处指的是“这些数It据“，故选C细节理解题根据
16.Yao Tandong,a famousexpert,said Chinese scientists hadsetupeight weatherstations from可知，中5,200to8,830meters abovesealevel.Half ofthe stationswere setupatan altitudehigher than7,000meters.”国科学家已经在海拔米到米的地方建立了个气象站，一半的观测站建立在海拔米以上的地5200883087000方，所以是有个气象站超过米故选47000B推理判断题根据
17.It isthehighestautomaticweatherstation intheworldnow.It hastaken theplaceofthe station可知，它是目sitting atanaltitudeof8,430meters onthe southsideofthemountain,which isthe secondhighest now.“前世界上海拔最高的自动气象站，它取代了位于珠峰南侧海拔米的气象站，这是目前海拔第二高的气象站8430选项”第二高的气象站在山的北侧”表述错误，故选C C推理判断题本文主要介绍了在珠穆朗玛峰顶部设立的世界最高的自动气象站的情况，推测可能在科学版
18.块看到这篇文章，故选A（2023・江苏盐城・统考中考真题）A teamofChinesescientists and climbers reachedthe top ofQomolangmaat about12:30p.m.on Tuesday,May
23.（考察）Its thesecond timesince last year fbrthe science expedition teamto reachthe top.The teamwas madeup of13Chinesescientists andclimbers.They set off ata height of8,300metres forthe topatabout3a.m.After morethan8hours ofhard climbing,they arrivedatthe8,830-metre weatherstation.（传感器），After fixingsteel ropes,changing batteriesand puttingin windspeed anddirection sensorsthey finished（自动化的）improving theworlds highestautomated weatherstation,which wassetup byChinesescientists lastyear.Besides,they collectedice-snow samples onthetop for further research.The weatherstation recordstemperatures,wind speedsandotherkey datafor studying climatechange.Climate（青scientists havefoundthatglobal warminghas hada largeinfluence onthe glaciernumber onthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau藏高原）.Over thelast fiftyyears,the temperatureonthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateauhas risenabout
0.5℃every ten years.（生态系统）Studying theecosystem ofthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateauwill helpscientists havea betterunderstanding oftheinfluence ofclimatechange,and helpscientists andthe governmentmake properdecisions.Since themid-20th century,China hassent differentresearch expedition teams toQomolangma.But becauseoflimited resourcesand technologies,many key scientific questionsare stillunanswered,suchaswhether globalwarmingcan meltthe iceatthetopofQomolangma,and howecosystem canchange asheight increasesto extremity.A.Once.B.Twice.C.Three times.D.Four times.
19.How manytimes hastheChinesescienceexpeditionteam reachedthetopsince lastyear
20.Which paragraphbest describesthe picturebelowA.Paragraph
1.B.Paragraph
2.C.Paragraph
3.D.Paragraph
4.
21.What doesParagraph5mainlytalkaboutA.The wayof scientistsstudyingclimatechange.B,The effortof governmentto solveclimatechange.C.The influence ofclimatechangeonthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.D.The importanceof studyingecosystem oftheQinghai-Tibet Plateau.
22.What canweknowfromthepassageA.The teamsetoffat aheightof8,830metres forthetopat about3a.m.B,The teamcollected rocksamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.C.China hassetup theworlds highestautomated weatherstation sofar.D.All thekeyscientificquestions havebeen answeredup tonow.【答案】
19.B
20.B
21.D
22.C【导语】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响细节理解题根据（考察）可
19.Its thesecond timesince lastyear fbrthe scienceexpeditionteamto reachthetop.”知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B推理判断题题根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的
20.内容一致，故选B段落大意题根据
21.Over thelast fiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghai-Tibet Plateauhas risenabout
0.5℃every（生态系统）tenyears.Studying theecosy stemoftheQinghai-Tibet Plateauwill helpscientists havea betterunderstandingof theinfluenceofclimatechange,and helpscientistsandthe governmentmakeproperdecisions/9可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D细节理解题根据（传
22.“After fixingsteel ropes,changing batteriesand puttingin windspeed anddirection sensors感器）,（自动化的）they finishedimproving theworldshighestautomated weatherstation,which wassetup byChinese可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站故选scientistslastyear.”C先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定俳涂舐对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案
三、注意事项限时阅读严格控制做题时间，具体到每一篇文章，通过有意识的训练，达到时间分配上的合理性
1.带着问题读先快速浏览一遍题目，再开始阅读文章，有针对性的阅读会提升速度
2.找对应词句中考阅读理解的答案都会聚焦到文章的词或句子上，在做题时找到相应的原文，并进行勾勒、
3.标注，重点理解，有助于排除疑虑，且方便检查重点注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句中考阅读理解的材料都是有鲜明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇
4.的理解中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特别注意理解作者意图切勿将自己的意图强加到文章中，特别是在做主旨大意题时
5.【网络构建】中考英语中的说明文，按照说明对象的不同，通常可分为两种类型事物性说明文和事理性说明文以河南省中考阅读篇分析来看c事物性说明文说明人物或一种具体的事物，使读者了解说明对命题点图文转换、词义猜测、主旨大意、象的特征如年篇，阐释了自行车脚踏最佳标题、出处推断2023C事理性说明文命题点写作手法、文本结构、写作目的、说明一个道理、一种现象或事物的因果关系正误推断、最佳标题如年篇，说明了不同动物的睡眠方式2022C发电装置的发电原理▲说明文答题技巧.夯基•必备基础知识梳理分析年各地区说明文类阅读理解，大都考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题2023
（一）细节理解题命题规律:细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节命题方式.特殊疑问句形式以等疑问词开头引出问题1when,where,what.which,who,how much/many.填空题形式通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节2题型和考查角度
1.高频考点直接信息题；间接信息题
2.中频考点数字计算题；
3.低频考点细节排序题；正误判断题解题原则注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断解题技巧第一步审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案解题原则对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换
（二）推理判断题推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加题型和考查角度.高频考点隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度
1.低频考点文章出处、文章结构、目标读者2错误原因主观臆断
1.缺乏逻辑
2.过度推理
3.缺乏常识隐含推断类题型锁定关键词
4.根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论），indicate（暗示，象征），imply（暗示）,assume（假定,设想）迅速确定题型解题指导浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项1抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分2析判断；整合全文/段信息进行推断有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行3综合推断，才能确定最佳选项无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断观点态度类题型锁定关键词根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude态度，outstanding优秀的，突出的，disagree不同意，hopefully有希望的，against反对，in favorof赞成,迅速确定题型解题指导1认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向2关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点3注意作者或文中人物的措辞4分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；牢记观点态度的常见词语5写作意图类题型锁定关键词根据题干关键词purpose目的，intend to打算，wanttotell us...想要告诉我们，write thispassageto写这篇文章为了迅速确定题型解题指导1根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；2根据文体推断写作意图说明文其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句to introduce,to explain,to inform,to makecomparisons...三词义猜测题命题规律词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型，可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧题型和考查角度.猜测生词或熟词生义
1.猜测短语的意义
2.猜测代替词所替代的内容
3.猜测句意4命题方式The phrase...9,inthesentence couldbe replacedbyThe word.・.intheparagraph refertoWhat isthe meaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe.,paragraphWhich ofthefollowingistheclosest inmeaning tothe phrase...”？The word...most nearlymeansThe underlinedsentence inthe...paragraph impliesthat.解题技巧,定位文中画线处上下文
1.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义选项特征2正确选项特征.将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺1含义和其字面意思一般没有关系
2.干扰项特征与划线部分词形相似L•考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确
2.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项31根据定义推测词义.有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is,or,namely,in otherwords,等that isto say,tobemore exact,to putit anotherway,which is
2.根据举例推测词义有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义线索词suchas,such...as,等for example,for instance,like,including,especially
3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,in contrast等to
4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词,此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思
5.根据构词法推测词义英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义
6.根据因果关系推测词义因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系根据线索词as,since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,result in,result from,asaresult,for thisreason,accordingly,so...that,等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义such…that
（四）主旨大意题命题规律主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨题型和考查角度
1.主题类文章大意题和段落大意题（概括文章或段落的主旨大意）
2.标题类标题判断题（选择最佳标题）要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征选项特征正确选项特征
3.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段
4.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小
5.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
6.语言精练，若是标题类，则应当醒目且语言具有概括性和针对性干扰项特征
1.过于笼统范围太大，超出文章内容
2.以偏概全只是文章的某一部分或者某一个细节，或是某一个段落的要点或者部分
3.主观臆断与文章内容无关，只是涉及个别单词或按现实生活生搬硬套命题方式:mainly aboutWhatisthetextbest titleWhatistheforthetextWhat canbe asuitable titleforthetext.paragraphmainlyaboutWhats thefirst/second/third...main ideaWhatsthe discussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph不解题技巧说明文明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾，也有的首尾呼应
1.段落大意题通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
1.根据逻辑结构概括段落大意要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论证性细节在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2.通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意.提升•必考题型归纳
（一）（2024・辽宁•统考模拟预测）People aretrying to build green buildings,,that arefriendly totheenvironment.They mightnot seemany differentfromcommon buildings.But lefstakeacloser look.Stay cooland warm.It takesalotof energyto lightrooms.It alsotakes energyto heatand coolbuildings.So greenbuildingsare designedtodoall thesethings withmuch lessenergy.An energy-smart buildingstarts withthick walls.（隔热材料）Special insulationinside keeps heat inside in winter and keepsheat outside in summer.This savesenergy fbr（散热）heating andcooling.Some green buildings dont need anyradiators33or airconditioning atall!Save thetrees.What abuilding ismade fromcan alsohelptheplanet.To saveforests,some greenbuildings havebamboofloors insteadof wood.Bamboo lookslike wood,but itsactually agrass.It growsback20times fasterthan atree.Another wayto buildgreen istouserecycled materials.That savesthe costand reducespollution ofproducing somethingnew.Make betterhome.City plannerslike greenbuildings becausethey savemoney andtheyarehealthier forthe peoplewhoworkandlive inside.But youdont need to build a whole new building.Simple changeslike shadingwindows andplanting trees canmake any home greener-anda better Earth home for us all.担忧的As morepeople becomeconcerned aboutclimatechange,more buildingsare goinggreen.Experts arefindingnew waysto buildgreenbuildings.We alsoneedtochange ourmind.Lefs takeaction now!
1.How doesan energy-smart buildingsave energy for heating and coolingA.It usesair conditioners.B.It usessmart radiators.C.It hasspecial thick walls.D.It hasfewer roomlights.
2.Bamboo isused insteadof woodin greenbuildings becauseA.itisa recycledmaterial B.it growsback muchfasterC.it cankeep theroom warmD.it cansave alotofmoney
3..In Paragraph4,the writeradvises ustoA.builda wholenewgreenbuildingB.pay attentionto climatechangeC.make smallchangestoour homeD.use onlygas tocook ourmeals
4.How isthetextorganized
②二©^Paragraph1,Paragraph2,...【答案】
1.C
2.B
3.C
4.A【导语】本文主要介绍了环保建筑的好处以及呼吁人们赶紧行动起来细节理解题根据（隔热材料）
1.“An energy-smart buildingstarts withthickwalls.Special insulationinside keepsheat可知,厚墙内的特殊材料insideinwinterandkeepsheatoutsideinsummer.This savesenergyforheatingandcooling.“可以用于节省能源，故选C细节理解题根据可知，
2.“Bamboo lookslike wood,but itsactually agrass.It growsback20times fasterthan atree.”因为它的生长速度是树的倍，故选20B细节理解题根据
3.But youdontneedtobuildawholenew building.Simple changeslike shadingwindows and一可知，对房屋作一些简单的改变,故plantingtreescanmakeanyhomegreener andabetterEarthhomeforusall.选C篇章结构题根据全文内容可知，第一段主要引出话题“环保建筑”；第二段到第四段主要讲述“环保建筑”
4.的好处；最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，故选A（2023・河南周口・校考三模）。
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