2024届中考英语一轮复习：被动语态 讲义-中考英语专项复习时态和语态

被动语态当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成形式是助动词及物动词的过去分词助动词有人称、时态和

1.be+be数的变化，其变化规则与作为连系动词时完全一样现以为例，将八种时态的被动语态的肯be ask定式、否定式和疑问式列表如下肯定式否定式疑问式1am asked...1am not asked...Am1asked...He/She isasked...He/She isnot asked...Is he/she asked...一般现在时We/You/They areasked...We/You/They arenot asked...Are we/you/they asked...I/He/She wasnot asked...I/He/She wasasked...Was l/he/she asked...一般过去时We/You/They werenotasked...We/You/They wereasked...Were we/you/they asked...1am not being asked...1am being asked...Am1being asked...He/She isnot being asked...He/She isbeing asked...Is he/she beingasked...Are现在进行时We/You/They arenot beingWe/You/They arebeingasked...we/you/they beingasked...asked...I/He/She wasbeingasked...I/He/She wasnot beingasked...Was l/he/she beingasked...WereWe/You/They werebeing We/You/They werenotbeing过去进行时we/you/they beingasked...asked...asked...I/H e/S h e/We/Yo u/Th eywill beI/He/She/We/You/They will not Will l/he/she/we/you/they beasked...be asked...asked...一般将来时I/We shall/will be asked...I/We shall/willnotbe asked...Shall/Willl/we beasked...I/He/She/We/You/They would notI/He/She/We/You/They would be Would1/h e/s he/we/y ou/t heybeasked...asked...beasked...过去将来时I/We should/wouldnotbeI/We should/wouldbeasked...Should/Would l/we beasked...asked...I/We/You/They havenot beenl/We/You/They have beenasked...Have l/we/you/they been asked...asked...现在完成时He/She hasnot beenHas he/she been asked...He/She hasbeen asked...asked...I/He/She/We/You/They hadI/He/She/We/You/They hadnot Had1/he/she/we/y ou/t hey过去完成时been asked...beenasked...beenasked...含有情态动词的被动语态

2.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式情态动词及物动词的过去分词+be+Teenagers shouldbe allowedto maketheir owndecisions.Your homeworkmust behanded intoday.A concertwill beheld nextmonth.May thetrees beplanted behindthe house.被动语态的用法强调动作的承受者

1.His spokenEnglish hasbeen improvedgreatly.They weregiven asecond chance.These letterswill besent to Miss White.当不知道或没必要说明谁是动作的发出者时

2.Some tentshavebeenput upat thefoot ofthe mountain.A newschool isbeing builthere.Air conditionersare widelyused inour dailylife.当动作的发出者带有较长的修饰语时

3.The novelwas writtenby ayoung ladywho wasdisabled becauseof anaccident.The advicewas acceptedby thestudents whohad difficultyin gettingalong withothers.I havebeen invitedto ahouse warmingparty by the newneighbor whocame fromSouthAfrica.主动语态转换为被动语态主语+及物动词+宾语

1.❖The governmenttake manymeasures to prevent pollution.—Many measuresare takentopreventpollution.My fatherfixed upthe bike.—The bikewas fixedup by my father.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

2.主动句中的宾补变为被动句中的主补1❖We sawhim out.—He wasseen out.❖She haskept uswaiting foran hour.-We havebeen keptwaiting foran hour.主动句中用带的不定式作宾补，转换为被动句时要加上除外2to tolet❖Can youmake thiswatch work—Can thiswatch bemade towork❖I heardthe boyplay the drums.—The boywas heardto playthedrums.主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语

3.⑴这一句型转换成被动句时，直接宾语和间接宾语都可用作被动句的主语❖The old man gaveus muchhelp.间接宾语转化成主语❖We weregiven muchhelp by the oldman.直接宾语转化成主语—Much helpwas givento us bytheoldman.K注意:当直接宾语转化为被动句的主语,间接宾语可以直接位于动词之后,也可以由介词to或for弓I出在间接宾语前加叶,这类动词有:give,offer lend.pass,promise.怕H等;在间接宾语前加叶「\这类动词有:buy,cook,get makeJ7❖Our teachertaught usEnglish songs.直接宾语转化成主语—English songswere taughtusbyour teacher.间接宾语转化成主语—We weretaught Englishsongs byout teacher.并非所有的间接宾语都可作为被动句的主语2❖She wroteMiss Greena letter.—A letterwas writtentoMiss Green by her.d~MissGreenwas writtena letterbyher.x宾语从句不能作为被动句的主语3❖My friendstold mewhere we were going to meet.—I wastold whereweweregoing tomeet bymy friends.N—Where wegoing tomeet wastold mebymyfriends.x主动形式表示被动含义在主语是物的句子中，谓语动词是由某些及物动词转化来的比及物动词，如等

1.sell,clean,write,wash这些不及物动词的主动形式常表被动含义The booksells well.❖These clotheswash easily.❖My penwrites smoothly.动名词”结构表被动含义

2.“need/require/want+❖Your hairneeds cutting.❖The plantwants wateringevery day.❖This problemrequires discussingin detail.动名词”结构表被动含义

3.“beworth+❖The movieis worthwatching.❖The bookis worthreading again.感官动词作如等作为系动词时，常表示被动含义

4.feel,smell,sound,taste,look❖Silk feelssoft andsmooth.❖These applessmell delicious.❖Your ideasounds great.❖The caketastes good.❖It looksnice.某些表示“发生、“爆发或“传播”

5.happen,take place,occur”break out,burst out的不及物动词❖A warbroke outin thiscountry lastweek.❖An accidenthappened atthe firstcrossing on this street.❖The meetingwill takeplace onthe morningof Friday.不能变为被动语态的主动句反身代词作宾语时

1.❖They enjoyedthemselves verymuch.❖He isalways talkingto himself.当宾语时相互代词时

2.「‘❖We shouldhelp each0the especiallyin thetimes ofdifficulty.❖My grandparentsunderstand oneanother perfectly.当宾语前有一个与主语相对应的所有格或物主代词时

3.He didntlend hisbike tome.❖She criedher eyesout.当宾语时行为者某一部分或官感时

4.❖The littlegirl wavedher handsto hermother.❖He shookhis headtiredly..某些表示所有关系或状态的及物动词不能变为被动语态，如等5have,possess,cost,benefit,suit❖I havetwo basketballsand onefootball.❖The bookcost me20dollars.My bestfriend possessesa lotof goodqualities.练习

1.-Are yougoingtoCindy*s birthdayparty tomorrowImnot sure.I willgo withyou ifI_.A.will inviteB.invite C.will beinvited D.am invited

2.Because itevery day,the flooris veryclean.A.cleaned B.will cleanC.was cleanedD.is cleaned

3.Dont smokehere,please.Smoking inpublic places.-Oh,sorry.Ill stopright now.A.isnt allowedB.arent allowedC.doesnt allowD.allow

4.Our newlibrary last year.We enjoyreading andstudying init.A.builds B.built C.is builtD.was built

5.Many housesbytheflood andthousands ofpeople wereleft homeless.A.damaged B.were damagedC.were damagingD.are damaged

6.Some studentsin thisschool_abroad asexchange studentsevery year.A.sent B.send C.are sentD.sending

7.To everyonesgreat surprise,the famousactors storydifferently inthe newspapers.A.was reportedB.reported C.was reportingD.reports

8.If itrains thisweekend,our sportsmeet.A.is cancelledB.was cancelledC.will becancelled D.cancelled

9.The magazinemay fora week.A.keep B.be keptC.borrow D.be borrowed

10.1heard thatour newcars lastmonth.A.were testedB.are testedC.tests D.tested

11.Your applicationwont untilyou completethe survey.A.accept B.receive C.be acceptedD.be received

12.Trees alongthe road lastyear.A.plant B.planted C.are plantedD.were planted

13.Whats wrongwith thatboy-He_by acar yesterday.A.is hitB.was hitC.hit D.hits

14.An accidentonthisroadlastnight.A.has happenedB.was happenedC.is happenedD.happened

15.These appleswell becausethey nice.A.are sold;look B.sell;lookC.sell;are lookedD.are sold;are looked。