2024届中考英语一轮复习：非谓语动词-中考英语专项复习

非谓语动词非谓语动词有3种形式不定式、分词和动名词动词不定式动词不定式由气+动词原形”构成有时不带to它不能单独作谓语，不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化动词不定式连同它的宾语、状语等一起构成不定式短语，不定式短语可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语

1.动词不定式的句法作用⑴作主语1不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，谓语动词通常用单数•To learnEnglish wellis difficult.•To readgood booksmakes himhappy.2不定式作主语常常用it作为形式主语，不定式置于句尾其句型有3种1It+v.+宾语/表语+to do sth.•It isa greathonor to give alecture here.•It isa greatpleasure to work withyou.•It tookme twodays to finish thereport.•It makesme feelhappy tothink aboutmy kids.2It+be+表t吾+for sb,+to do sth.•It is not easyfor her to graspa foreignlanguage.•It wasnecessary for him to find out the truth.•It ishard for us towork out the problem.3It+be+表语+of+名词/代词+to do sth.•It is very kindof you togive me a hand.•It wascareless ofyouto leave yourbag in the taxi.

③“疑问代词/疑问副词/连接词+不定式”结构作主语•How to stop pollutingrivers isa bigproblem.•When andwhere tohold themeeting isstill unknown.⑵作表语

①动词不定式直接作表语•The mostimportant thingfor himis totake careof hisparents.•The onlything wecan dois towait andsee.•Our goalis toreach thetop of the mountainbefore11a.m..

②how/what/when/where/which/why+不定式”结构作表语•The questionis how to improveourselves inEnglish.A.laugh B.to laughC.laughed D.laughs

19.Our teacheroften asksus questionsin groups.A discussB.to discussC.discussing D.discussed

20.Nick,would youmind off the TVA.turn B.to turnC.turning D.turned•The pointis when toleavefor HongKong.•The difficultyis whichone togive thereward to.⑶作宾语

①动词不定式直接作及物动词的宾语常以动词不定式作宾语的动词由:afford,agree,ask,begin,choose,continue,decide,demand,expect,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,require,start,try,volunteer,want,wish等其句型是主语+vt.+to do sth.•I cantafford to buy anapartment.•They decidedto visittheir grandparentson theweekend.•Someone forgotto turnoff the light.•His fatherpromised totake himto thescience museumon Sunday.

②以it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语1主语+vt.+it+宾语补足语+to do sth.•They foundit impossible to getthere ontime.•The high-speed trainmakes itpossibletoreach Changshain threehours.•We considerit ourduty to do so.2主语+vt.+it+宾语补足语+for sb.to do sth.•The Internetmakes itpossible for us to know thenews aroundthe world.•I thinkit betterforhimto dohis homeworkright now.@“疑问代词/疑问副词/连接词+不定式”结构作宾语其句型是3£ip+vt.+how/what/when/where/why/which/who/whether+to dosth.•He toldme whereto getthe book.•When Imin trouble,shell adviseme what to do.•I dontknow how to solvethis problem.•I wonderedwhether totrust himor not.⑷作定语不定式作定语时需置于修饰词之后

①不定式和它修饰的词是动宾关系•Id liketobuysomething toeat.•There aremany difficultiesto overcome.

②被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语•Teachers thoughthe wasthe bestone to do thejob.•The nextman toclean themeeting roomis James.⑸作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语有的动词需要用带to的不定式作宾语补足语，有的需要用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语

①需要用带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise,allow,ask,command,encourage,expect,give,order,remind,request,teach,tell,warn等•My teacheradvised me to talkwith myparents.•The doctorwarned thepatient not to smoke.•Lucys motherreminded herto bringan umbrella.•He toldmeto put onmy coat.

②需要用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有feel,hear,look at,listen to,see,watch,have,let,make等•Did youhear anyonesing inthe musicroom•Its quiteinteresting tolook atother peopleplay chess.•The funnystory makesme laugh.•We shallhave youknow theresults.6作主语补足语•He isconsidered tobe thebest playerof basketball.⑺作状语动词不定式常用作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件等

①作目的状语•To makeour dreamscome true,we shouldtry ourbest.•He listenedto musicto relaxhimself.•She wentto the library toreturn somebooks.

②作原因状语•Tom wasanxious tocheck theresults.•My motherwas happyto meether oldfriends.•The oldwoman criedto knowher sonwas dead.

③作结果状语不定式作结果状语常置于被修饰词之后，常见于too…to…,enough…to…,only,强调结果出人意料•His daughteris tooyoung to go toschool.•Those teenagersare excellentenough tosolve theproblem.•I rushedto thestation asfast asI could,only tofind the train hadalready gone.

④作条件状语动词不定式有时作条件状语在这种句型中，句中的谓语动词常与will,would,can,could,shall,should,must等情态动词连用，句子的主语也通常是动词不定式的逻辑主语•To joinus,you willenjoy yourself.•To turnto right,you couldfind asupermarket.

2.省略动词只保留to的不定式在英语口语中，为了避免重复前面已经出现过的动词，经常用不定式的符号“to”来表示前述的不定式动词及后面的部分•He wouldgo tothe cinemathough Itold himnot to.•I wouldrepair the radio,but Ididnt knowhow to.•I askedhertostay,but shedidnt wantto.不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1当nice,easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，形容词说明不定式的特征或性质，而且句子的主语有是不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义The questionis easyto answer.Some poemsare hardto understand.These goalsare impossibleto achieve.⑵当不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和被修饰名词之间有动宾关系，且与作主语的名词或代词有主谓关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义•Students havemuch homeworkto do.•She hasthree reportstofinish.分词分词和动词不定式一样，不能单独作谓语动词，有时态和语态的变化分为现在分词v-ing和过去分词v-ed现在分词表示主动意义，正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动意义，已被完成的动作•This isa developingcountry.The developedcountries shouldhelp thepoor countries.•I heardsomeone openingthe door.I heardthe dooropened.

1.分词的句法作用⑴作定语

①现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，分词表示被修饰的名词所发出的动作，即被修饰的名词时分词行为的实际发出者，所以分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系1）现在分词作前置定语•There isa sleepingbaby inmy room.•She watchedthe risingsun.•One ofthe runningboys ismy brother.2）现在分词作后置定语•The girlstanding nextto meis Peterssister.•The manwearing ahat isour teacher.

②过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，及物动词的过去分词表被动的或已完成的意义，被修饰的名词是分词动作的承受者；不及物动词的过去分词表已完成的意义，但表示主动意义，被修饰的名词是分词动作的执行者1）过去分词作前置定语•All thebroken plateshave beenthrown away.•He savea drownedchild lastweek.•The groundwas coveredby fallenleaves.2）过去分词作后置定语•I likethe giftbought bymy father.•The soupmade bymy mothertastes delicious.•The knowledgegained willbe valuableforus.⑵作表语

①现在分词作表语现在分词作表语表示主语所具备的特征•The resultofthematch isencouraging.•The newsis exciting.

②过去分词作表语过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态•He isknown asa famouswriter.•We got excited whenwe heardfrom him.⑶作状语分词作状语时，句子的主语也是分词的逻辑主语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况

①现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，现在分词与句子的主语是主动关系•Turning downtheradio,you willhear someoneis shouting.•When discussingthe matter;the officersgotexcited.•Not knowinghowtowork itout,I askedmy friendsfor help.•They enteredthe room,talking andlaughing.•Before goingtowork,I tooka shower.

②过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词与句子的主语是被动关系•Tested manytimes,the machineis foundvery sensitive.•When seenfrom thetop ofthe hill,the villagewas beautiful.•Although warnedof danger,he stillwent swimminginthe river.•Even ifinvited,I wontcome tohis party.•The singerstood there,surrounded bymany people.⑷作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时，在逻辑上宾语与宾语补足语有主谓关系现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作，非全过程；过去分词作宾语补足语表示宾语的状态

①现在分词作宾语补足语•I sawher dancingon thestage.•He keptme waiting for a long time.•The littleboy likeswatching monkeysclimbing mountains.

②过去分词作宾语补足语•She raisedher voiceto makeher heard.•Youll haveto getthe toothpulled out.•My motherhad herhair cut.⑸作主语补足语

①现在分词作主语补足语•She wasnever heardsinging again.•These machineswere keptworking forover threehours.

②过去分词作主语补足语•The schoolis foundequipped withmodern facility.动名词动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语

1.作主语动名词作主语时，通常表抽象的，习惯性的或经常性的动作•Walking andrunning aregood forour health.•Smoking inthe publicisnotallowed.•Swimming intheriverisverydangerous.•Its nouse cryingover splitmilk.

2.作宾语1动名词可跟在某些动词和介词后作宾语只能跟动名词作宾语的常用动词有advise,allow,avoid,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,practice,cant help,suggest,permit等•She hasfinished doingher homework.•We dontallow talkingloudly inthelibrary.•He wastired ofplaying games.•They havetoputoff holdingthe sportsmeet.2动名词作宾语与不定式作宾语的区别

①有些及物动词后既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，意义几乎没有区别,这类动词有begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer等

②有些及物动词虽然可跟动名词和不定式作宾语，但意义不一样这类动词有1forget doingsth.忘记做过某事forget todosth.忘记做某事•I forgotclosing the windows.我忘记关了窗•I forgotto closethewindows.我忘记关窗2remember doingsth.记得做过某事remember todosth.记得做某事•She rememberedturning offthelight.她记得关了灯•She rememberedto turnoffthelight.她记得关灯3mean doingsth,意味着，意思是mean todosth.打算/想做某事•He missedthetrain.It meantwaitingforanother hour.他错过了这趟火车，这意味着再等一小时•He didntmean tohurt yourfeeling.他并不想伤害你的感情4stop doingsth.停止做某事stop todosth.停下来做另一件事•The teacheris coming.Please stoptalking.老师来了，请不要讲话了•Lets stopto havea break.我们停下来休息一会儿吧5regret doingsth.后悔做过某事regret todosth.遗憾地要做某事•I regrethaving toldher thenews.我后悔告诉她这个消息•I regretto informyou thatit isimpossible.我很遗憾地告诉你这不可能6try doingsth.尝试做某事try todosth.努力做某事•Try doingsome exercise,youll feelbetter.试着做些锻炼，你会感觉更好•We triedtofindoutthereason whyit didntwork.我们努力弄清楚它坏了的原因7goon doingsth.继续做没做完的某事go on todosth.接着做另一件事•He wenton talkingwith hisfriends.他继续和他的朋友交谈•He wentonto play basketball•他接着又去打了篮球

3.作表语动名词作表语用以说明主语的内容•Your taskis takingouttherubbish.•The mostimportant thingis sendingthe injuredman tohospital.

4.作定语1动名词作定语时，位于所修饰的词之前说明它所修饰的名词的用处及与之有关的动作•I needa washingmachine.•The mangave mea walkingstick whenclimbed themountain.2动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别动名词作定语时，表示被修饰的名词的某种用途，可改写成一个for的短语；现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成定语从句•a sleepingpill=a pillfor sleeping动名词•the runningwater=the waterthat isrunning现在分词练习

1.Its necessaryforusEnglish well.A.to learnB.learning C.learn D.learns

2.The retiredcouple enjoy_the movies.A.go B.went C.togoD.going

3.Paul madea nicecage_the littlesick birdtill itcould fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

4.It takeshim halfan hourthe violinevery day.A.play B.playing C.toplayD.played

5.-I dontknow next.-Youd betterfinish yourhomework first.A.whattodo B.howtodo C.whentodo D.why todo

6.The studentsare busyfor thefinal test.A.preparingB.prepare C.prepared D.to prepare

7.Parents shouldtell theirchildren inpublic.A.nottoshout B.not shoutingC.not shoutD.to notshout

1.1haven/t finished_this book.You can/t takeit away.A.to readB.read C.reading D.reads

9.Let hima rest.I thinkhe mustbe tiredafter thelong walk.A.have B.to haveC.make D.to make

10.Both ofthe twodresses arenice.I reallydont knowA.to choosewhich B.which to chooseC.to whichchoose D.tochoose

11.-Could yougivemeahand,please-Sure.What wouldyou likemeA.do B.done C.doing D.todo

12.We mustnever missthe chanceto showlove forour parentsand makethem_how muchtheymean tous.A.know B.knowing C.toknowD.knows

13.As teenagers,were oldenough withhousework.We canhelp setthe table,wash thedishesand cleanour ownrooms.A.to help B.helping C.helped D.helps

14.-I sawKitty goto GrandpaWangs homejust now.-Yes,she isoften seenthe oldman withhis housework.A.helpB.to helpC.helps D.helped

15.Listen!Can youhear ababyA,cry B.to cryC.crying D.cried

16.Sarah,youd betterdrink morewater after_for suchalongtime.A.run Bruns C.to runD.running

17.1will trymy besttostopmy studentsfrom_the samemistake.A.make B.made C.makes D.making

18.The jokewas sofunny thatit madehim_again andagain.。