2024届中考英语一轮复习：动词-中考英语专项复习

动词动词的分类分类法种类例词及物动词play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak实义动词不及物动词go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look按句法作用分类助动词do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has情态动词can,could,must,have to,may,might,will,should,shall系动词become,get,turn,look,smell,sound,smell,feel,remain,stay持续性动词read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase动态动词按词汇意义分类瞬息性动词jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy状态动词allow,need,order,prefer,require,ask,mind,advice及物动词

1.及物动词后可直接接宾语，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、双宾语的及物动词、宾语补足语的及物动词常见跟单宾语的及物动词:1catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,grow,borrow,put,forget,love,worry...Eg:Don/t break the rules.We aregoing todiscuss thetopic ingroups.I borrowa penfrom astranger.Put thebananas in the blender.间接宾语前可加或的及物动词2to forgive,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,read,sing,draw,make,choose,cook...Eg:My fatherbought a bike forme asa present.Miss Lioffered somepictures tous.间接宾语一定要放在直接宾语前的及物动词:3ask,cost...Eg:The doctorasked mesome questions.It costsme twentydollars.常见跟宾语补足语的及物动词41名词作宾语补足语:call,consider,name,make...Eg:Robinson namedthe manFriday.2形容词作宾语补足语make,find,believe,keep...Eg:A sadmovie makesme unhappy.3分词作宾语补足语see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make have...zEg:I loveto watchthe monkeysclimbing around.Lily hasher haircut.4带to的不定式作宾语补足语advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,invite,allow,encourage,remind,require...Eg:My parentsrequired meto cleanmy room.They invitedMr.Black to take partin thegame.5不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...Eg:I sawhim walkinto thehall.The funnymovie makespeople laugh.不及物动词

2.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，大多数动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少，常见纯不及物动词有arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...Eg:We arrivedat thescience museumat8:30this morning.The policehappened toknow thetruth.助动词

3.助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能用来帮助主动词构成各种时态、语态、否定式和疑问式等基本助动词有be,do,have,will shall⑴be的用法

①与现在分词连用构成各种进行时态Eg:Look!Some boysare playingbasketball.They werehaving dinnerwhen theearthquake happened.

②与过去分词连用构成被动语态Eg:Students arerequired tohave adiscussion.The buildingis namedafter afamous scientist.

③与带的不定式构成复合谓语tEg:If weare towin thegame,we musttry ourbest.⑵do的用法

①帮助构成一般现在时态和过去时的否定式和疑问式Eg:She doesntlike eatingcarrots.Do youwant to be anactor

②用于加强语气Eg:I dobelieve you.

③用于代替前面出现过的动词，以免重复Eg:I didntwatch TVlast night,but mybrother did.⑶have的用法与过去分词连用构成完成时Eg:I havefinished readingthis book.Have youever beento amuseumShe haslived herefor overtwenty years.He realizedthat hehad lefthis keysat home.的用法44wilL wouldshall should、构成一般将来时,构成过去将来时；主要用于第一人称,可will shallwould shouldshall shouldwilL would用于各种人称Eg:He willreach theairport inhalf anhour.Cindy saidshe wouldmake herdream come true.I shallpay avisit toEurope thissummer.I wastold thatwe shouldfix upthe machine.Sam wasinformed thathe shouldnttouch anythingin theroom.It wontrain tomorrow.情态动词

4.情态动词本身有各种含义，不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形连用构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、情绪或态度情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化和1can could

①表示能力，意为“会，能够”，表示现在的能力，表示过去的能力can couldEg:He cansing.He couldplay theguitar whenhe wasyoung.

②表示推测，意为“可能”Eg:She ison business,so shecant beat home.

③表示请求、允许、建议，意为“可以，比的语气更加委婉、礼貌could canEg:-Could youhelp mewith math-Sorry,I cant.Im busypreparing forthe test.-Could Iuse yourcomputer-Of course,you can.You couldask hospitalsto letyou visitthe kidsand cheerthem up.和2must haveto只有一种时态形式；可用于多种时态，其否定式和疑问式都要借助助动词构成must haveto表示必须强调主观意愿，而强调客观上的必要性，意为“不得不”1must havetoEg:You mustfollow thelaws.You don/t haveto stayup late.可以表示推测，且把握较大2mustEg:The manover theremust beour newteacher.和3may might

①表示推测，意为“可能，可能性的大小关系为:mustcanmaymightEg:Billy may/might bein thelibrary.Km notsure.

②表示请求、允许，意为“可以，比的语气更加委婉、礼貌might mayEg:-May/Might Itake arest-Yes,you can.4shall

①表示询问意见，用于

一、三人称的疑问句中Eg:Shall Itake itoff

②表示决心、许诺、警告、威胁或命令，用于第

一、

二、三各人称的肯定句中Eg:Nothing shallprevent usfrom protectingthe environment.You shallbe punishedif youbreaktherule again.

③表示规定或义务Eg:The newlaw shallbe carriedout nextmonth.5should

①表示义务、责任Eg:We shouldnever give up ourdreams.Adults shouldtake careof theyouth.

②表示推测Eg:It shouldbe DoctorLis cellphone.6need

①作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，对疑问句的肯定回答用否定回答用意为“不must,neednt必”；没有人称、数和时态的变化Eg:You needntbe afraidof thispuppy.He needfinish thetask today.

②作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，后跟名词、代词和不带的不定式等toEg:They dontneed tocome toschool onweekends.Little babiesneed theirparents.和7will would没有人称和数的变化

①表示意愿、愿望，意为“愿意”Eg:A goodfriend isthe onewho willhelp youwhen yourein trouble.He willpick meup tothe party.The manwouldnt lethis childrendo chores.

②表示倾向、习惯，意为“总是”Eg:You willalways dothe oppositeof whatI tellyou.Water willturn intoice whenthe temperatureis belowzero.

③表示猜测，意为“可能、大概”Eg:The ladyyou talkedwith wouldbe yoursister.

④用于第二人称的疑问句时，表示客气的请求，比的语气更委婉would willEg:Would youpass thepaper tome8had better可当做情态动词使用，后接动词原形，无人称，时态和数的变化，意为“最好.・…”，否定形式为had better疑问句将移到句首not,hadEg:Youd betterhand inyour paper before Friday.Youd better not tell him the news.Had Ibetternottellhimthenews动词9表示状态的动词1be am,is,are,was,wereEg:Im gladto meetyou.感官动词2feel,sound,smell,hear,seem,taste...Eg:The caketastes good.His mothersaid thatshe feltbetter.表示保持状态3keep,stay,remainEg:To keep fit,we shoulddo someexercise everyday.⑷表示状态变化:become,go,grow...Eg:The roombecame crowed.Fish soongoes badin hotweather.表示变化结果5get,prove,turn...Eg:When myson getsolder,he wantstobea musician.持续性动词和瞬息性动词

6.持续性动词表示可持续的动作或状态，瞬息性动词表示短暂行为或事件的动词

①持续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是瞬息性动词不可以Eg:I havehad thisbike forthree years.You cankeep thebook forseven days.

②瞬息性动词的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用Eg:The stormhasnt stoppedsince twohours ago.动词的形式动词的第三人称单数形式（用于构成一般现在时）

1.规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-S playplays以、〃、/十音素结尾或以结/s/-0fix,finish,watch,go fixes,finishes,watches,goes尾的动词,加-es以“辅音字母结尾的动词，去+y”study studies力口y-ies动词的现在分词形式（主要用于构成进行时）

2.规则动词原形形式-ing一般直接在词尾加-ing workworking以不发音的结尾，去掉再加e erideriding-ing以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一stop stopping个辅音字母的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing少数以结尾的动词，先变-ie iedie,tie,lie dying,tying,lying为再加y,-ing以-ee,・ye等结尾的动词，直接see,eye seeing,eyeing加-ing动词的过去式和过去分词形式（过去式主要用于构成各种一般过去时，过去分词主要用

3.来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态）规则动词规则动词原形过去式过去分词一般直接加-ed watchwatched watched以结尾,加-e-d loveloved loved以“辅音字母结尾，去加+y”y-ied crycried cried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写最后一个辅音plan plannedplanned字母再加-ed不规则动词动词原形过去式过去分词（）Be am,is arewas,were been/begin beganbegunbreak brokebrokengive gavegivenspeak spokespokendrive drovedrivenride roderiddenwrite wrotewrittenbuy boughtboughtfeel feltfeltspell speltspeltput putputcut cutcutcost costcostread/ri:d/read/red/read/red/sell soldsoldtell toldtoldspend spentspentsend sentsentgrow grewgrownthrow threwthrown（说谎）（说谎）lied liedlie（躺）（躺）lay lain短语动词动词+介词

1.arrive in/at askfor lookafter joinin lookat lookfor listento shoutat/to waitfordepend ontalk to/with

2.动词+副词turn onturn offturn upbreakout breakup turndownbreak downputon putaway pickup stayup动词+副词giveupgive awaygive input up

3.+介词come upwith lookforward torun outof getalong withput upwith

4.动词+名词take caretake placemake thebed differencelose heartlose weightmake amakefriends havefun动词+名词+介词

5.take partin takepride intake placeof takecharge ofpay attentiontomake onesway to动词+形容词

6.make surecometruekeepfitstay healthfeel sadsound goodsmell bad练习

1.Whats thematter withDaniel Heisnt atschool today.-His armshurt.He wasby acar thismorning.A.treated B.hit C.operated D.cured

2.Mum ismaking lunch.It sonice!A smellsB.tastes C.feels D.sounds

3.There wassomething wrongwith thephone.We couldnteach otherclearly.A listenB.sound C.hear D.speak

4.Youd betterthe testpaperbeforehanding itin.A.go aheadB.go onC.go offD.go over

5.More andmore teenagersinthecountryside aretheir hometownsat anearly agetolook forwork inthe cities.A.going toB.leaving C.beginning D.coming to

6.-Do youthink ourbasketball teamwill winthe match-Yes,we havebetter players.So Ithem towin.A.hope B.help C.expect D.wish

7.She myinvitation becauseshe hadto helpher motherwith chores.A.took downB.put downC.turned downD.wrote down

8.-How isSteven now-I hearthe companyhim agood job,but herefused it.A.provided B.offered C.passed D.introduced

9.Since Istudied abroadlast year,I havealways myfamily.A.guessed B.thought C.missed D.reached

10.-Your motheryounger thanshe is.-Thank youfor sayingso.A.looks B.listens C.sees D.hears

11.-Jenny,I hearthere willbe anart clubin ourschool.-WonderfuHI cantwait toit.A.repeat B.forget C.receive D.join

12.-Where canwe getabike-Let/s.A.lend onefrom SamB.lend SamoneC.borrow oneto SamD.borrow onefrom Sam

13.He couldneither Spanishnor French.So Iwith himin Chinese.A.talk;told B.speak;talked C.say;spoke D.tell;talked

14.They walkedhome lastnight becausethey couldnttotakea taxi.A.Leave B.buy C.afford D.allow

15.-1dont knowwhere togo thissummer vacation.-Why notvisiting BeijingThere aremany placesof interestthere.A.suggest B.wonder C.consider D.regard。