新人教版高中英语选必3课文原文及翻译

新人教版高中英语选必一课文原文及翻译Word精校版UNIT1ARTReading andThinkingA SHORTHISTORY OFWESTERN PAINTING西方绘画简史What iswestern artIt ishard togive aprecise definition.As therehave beenso manydifferentstyles ofwestern art,it isimpossible todescribe themall in a shorttext.Perhapsthe bestway tounderstand westernart is to lookat thedevelopment ofwestern paintingoverthe centuries.什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个精确的定义由于西方艺术有如此多不同的风格,不可能在一篇简短的文章里把它们全部描述出来也许理解西方艺术的最好方法是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展The Middle Ages from the5th to the15th century中世纪5世纪至15世纪During theMiddleAges,the purposeof Westernart was to teachpeople aboutChristianity.Thus,artists were not interestedin paintingrealistic scenes.Their workswere oftenprimitive andtwo-dimensional,and themain characterswere oftenmade muchlarger than everyone elseto show theirimportance.This began to change in the13th centurywith Giottodi Bondone1267-

1337.While his paintings stillhad religious themes,they showedreal peoplein arealenvironment.In particular,hispaintingsare setapart fromother paintingsby theirrealistichuman facesand deepemotional impact.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教人们有关基督教的知识因此艺术家们对写实的场景并不感兴趣他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物往往比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性13世纪，由于乔托・迪・邦多纳，这种情况开始发生变化虽然他的画仍然带有宗教主题,但他们表现的是真实环境中的真实人物尤其是他的绘画作品，更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出The Renaissancefrom the14th tothe17th century文艺复兴时期14世纪至17世纪New ideas and valuesgradually replacedold onesfrom the MiddleAges.As aresult,painters concentratedless onreligiousthemes.They beganto adopta morehumanristicattitude tolife.An importantbreakthrough突破during thisperiod was the use ofperspective byMasaccio1401-

1428.Influential painterssuch asLeonardo daVinci1452-1519Michelangelo1475-1564,and Raphael1483-1520built uponGiotto andMasaccio*s innovationsto producesome of the greatestart thatEurope hadever seen.从中世纪开始，新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了旧的观念和价值观，因此，画家们就很少关注宗教主题了他们开始对生活采取更人性化的态度这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔对透视法的运用一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多・达・芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品Another innovationwas theuse of oil paints.With theirdeep coloursand realism,some ofthebest oilpaintings looklike photographs.While paintersas earlyas Dadamage,but alsocostinghuman lives.Climate scientistshave warnedthat if we do not takeappropriateactions,this warmingtrend willprobably continueand therewill bea higherprice topay.In fact,news reportsare frequentlybroadcast aboutextreme rainstormsand heatwavescausingdeaths andeconomic losses.确凿、全面的证据表明温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏而且使人丧命气候学家已发出警告如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜Continued greenhousegas emissionswill resultin furtherwarming andlong-lastingchanges tothe global climate.This requiresthe attentionof peopleall overthe world.Governments needto considermaking policiesand takingappropriate actionsand measurestoreduce greenhousegas emissions.We asindividuals canalso reduceour carbonfootprintby restrictingthe amountof carbondioxide ourlifestyles produce.It isourresponsibility toseize everyopportunity toeducate everyoneabout globalwarming,alongwith itscauses andimpacts,because this is the most seriousissue affectingall of us onthisplanet.So whatwill youdo tohelp温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化这需要全世界人的关注各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？REDUCING WATERPOLLUTION INTHE LIRIVER减少漓江中的水污染The beautifulLi Riverand its amazing surroundingscenery isone of the mostwell-knowntourist destinationsin ChinasGuangxi ZhuangAutonomous Region.It attractsmillions ofdomesticand foreignvisitors eachyear.However,its reputation as atop destinationhas hadnegativeeffects on the riverswater quality.This reportlooks atthe problemof waterpollutionand someactions thathave beentaken todeal with it.美丽的漓江及其令人赞叹的周边景色是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一，每年吸引了无数国内外游客然而，它作为顶级旅游目的地的名声给漓江水质带来了负面影响本报道就是着眼于水污染问题以及已采取的一些应对措施Previously,water qualityin theLi Riverhad sufferedgreatly from an increasingvolume oftourists,many ofwhom frequentlythrew garbageinto theriver.Many tour boatscontributed tothe problemtoo.Kitchens onboard wereusing lots ofoil,which wasoftenthrown into the water.The growthin tourismalso meantthe localpopulation roserapidly,as wellas the number ofcommercial andindustrial enterprises.Water pollutionlevelsincreased,with morehousehold andcommercial wasteending upin theriver.In order tofeed morepeople,more chemicalswere usedto increasecrop production.These chemicalsled to severewater qualityissues,causing adecrease in thenumber of fishspecies.Localofficials wereconcerned that the pollutionwas damagingthe naturalenvironment andfeltthat urgentsteps shouldbe takento restorethe riversoriginal beauty.过去，游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化，许多游客常常将垃圾抛入江中，游船数量众多，也是导致这一问题出现的原因之一船上厨房使用过的大量食用油经常被倒入江中旅游业的增长意味着当地人口和工商企业的数量迅速增加越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中，加重了水污染程度为了养活更多的人，更多的化学肥料被用于提高农作物产量这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题，导致鱼的种类减少地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏，认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽A comprehensiveinitiative wasstarted,with anumberofmeasures that addressed theissues.The constructionof wastewater treatmentfacilities improvedthe waterquality andwaterconservation.The collectionand transportof householdwaste wasalso improved.Dozens ofpolluting enterpriseswere closedor moved.The localgovernment setup strictregulationsregarding furtherindustrial development.New ruleswere alsointroducedregarding tourboat routesand garbagedisposal methods.Furthermore,the localauthoritiesbegan touse themedia tospread environmentalawareness andencourage greateruse ofcleanenergy.At thesame time,they startedto carryout inspectionsregularly andfinetourist organisationsfor abuses.With thesemeasures,it isbelieved thatthe beautyof theLiRiver will be preservedfor generationsto come.一个全面的治理方案启动，其中包括一系列应对该问题的措施废水处理设施的建设改善了水质，促进了水资源保护生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善几十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁当地政府制定了有关工业进一步发展的严格规定，同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定此外，地方当局开始通过媒体宣传环保意识，并鼓励人们更多地使用清洁能源与此同时，他们开始定期检查，并且对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传In addition,the ambitiousWater TenPlan is also nowtackling waterpollution acrossthecountry.Other initiatives,such asthe RiverChief System”,hold seniorofficialsresponsible forreducing waterpollution.With suchcampaigns ineffect,Chinas waterwaysareheading towardsa cleanand sustainablefuture.另外，雄心勃勃的“水十条计划”也正在全国范围解决水污染问题诸如“河长制”等方案让高级官员承担起减少水污染的职责随着这些运动的开展，中国的水路正在走向洁净、可持续的未来MEN WANTED人员招募for adangerous journeysmall wages,bitter coldjongmonths ofcompletedarkness,constant danger,and sagereturn uncertain,Honour andrewaid willfollow ifit issuccessful.这是一趟危险之旅:薪水微薄，气候严寒，数月不见天日，危险无处不在，无法确保安全归来一旦成功，荣耀和回报将随之而来Ernest Shackkleton欧内斯特・沙克尔顿A SUCCESSFULFAILURE一次成功的失败Perce Blackborowjoined anexpedition withSir Ernest Shackleton toAntarctica on the shipEndurancein

1914.Shackleton wasone of the mostfamous explorersof hisday andit wasconsidereda greathonor to be partof hisexpeditions.Below aresome ofBlackborowsdiary entries.1914年，珀西・布莱克博罗参加了欧内斯特・沙克尔顿爵士组织的“坚忍号”南极探险活动沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录131Oct,19141914年10月31日Well,it sohappened thatone morningI boughta newspaperand readthe advertisementabout the Antarcticexpedition.……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸,看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告An expeditiontotheSouth Polewith the great SirErnest Shackleton------------thisis theadventure that I have been dreamingof.And I was readyfor it.At theage of19,1am fitandfull ofvigour.However,when Iapplied to join theexpedition,Shackleton turnedme downbecausehe thoughtI was too youngand wasntqualified.But Iwas soenthusiastic about theidea ofgoing alongwith themthat Isecretly wentaboard hisship,the Endurance,and hidina smallcupboard.Unfortunately,three daysafter weset offIwasdiscovered.Shackletondid notwant toturn backso heoffered mea job,but onlyafter hepromised me,nIf anyonehasto beeaten,then youwill bethe first!H Heassigned meto bea steward,and I now servemealsfor twenty-eight men,three timesa day.跟随伟大的欧内斯特・沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊而且，我万事俱备我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛然而，当我申请参加这次探险时,，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻,不具备资格但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船,躲在一个小橱柜里不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他:“如果有人得被吃掉那么你就是第一个!”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐How everyonewill envyme when I comeback andtell themabouttheamazing placesIhave beento!等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！

221.Nov,19151915年11月21日The journeyhas notbeen easy.Endurance becamestuck in the iceas weapproachedAntarctica.The icefroze aroundus andwe werewell andtruly stuck!We sawthe shipgetcrushed bythe ice.And whenthe shipsank,our heartssank withit.这趟旅程并不轻松在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍号”卡在了冰里四周的冰都冻住了，我们彻彻底底地被困住了!我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉Before weabandoned theship,Shackleton calmlycalled us together andtold usto rescueourmost essentialsupplies-the smallboats,our food,the cookstove,candles,clothes,andblankets.This wasno time to panic.We werenot allowedto takemost ofour personalbelongings,and Shackletonhimself threwaway allhis gold.But toour surprise,he allowedHusseyto keephis banjo,Hussey oftenplays itto keepour spiritsup.在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯这不是惊慌失措的时候我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神We arenow campedon theice andwe havebeen managingto survive,but springis coming,and theice willsoon beginto melt.现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化320May,19161916年5月20日We havebeen strugglingfor days,but thingson Elephant Island aregoing frombad toworse.We arenow crowdedtogether underone ofourboatsontherocky shoreof thismiserableplace.Soon afterwc arrived,Shackleton leftusto find helpon SouthGeorgiaIsland,1320kilometres away-the voyagewastoodangerous anddifficult for all ofus tomakeit inour smallboats.If Shackletonfails,will we have anyhope ofrescue No.Nonavy in the worldever stopsat ElephantIsland,and noone elseknows that we arehere.我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下O我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗没有全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里I feellow.Its coldand windy.The islandhas noplants.Sometimes we are ableto catchaseal ora penguinto eat.Otherwise,there isno food.I try to thinkof happierthings:decentfood,warm anddry clothes,a cosybedroom,sunny days,and mymothers face...However,these happymemories aresoon interruptedby asudden coldrush of air.我感到十分沮丧天冷风大岛上没有任何植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥除此以外，没有任何食物我试着去想让人开心的事情美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断I shouted,nShut thedoor!*我吼道:“把门关上!’’“Hold onnow,Perce.Dont yougo turninginto anotherTom/came thereply.Wevecaught anotherpenguin,so itspenguin souptonight!n“坚持住，珀西你可不要变成另一个汤姆，”有人答道“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了!”Bless FrankWild,the kindestman there is afterour leader,ErnestShackleton.How couldIbecome asselfish andbad-tempered asThomas Orde-Lees!上天保佑弗兰克・怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特・沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人我怎么可以变得像托马斯・奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！Without Frankand Ernest,wed allbe deadby now.Their genuineconcern forothers,theirperseverance,and theirresolve fillme withhope.要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望Perhaps there is achance wewill returnhome,after all.毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家THE REWARDFOR PERSEVERANCE锲而不舍的回报We watchedas Shackletonand theboat sailedaway fromElephantIsland.It waseasy toimaginethe dangerahead of them.Would theyever returnto findus Whatmight happentothem Whatif theywere delayedWe feltso aloneand desperate.But it was notfor long.There wasnothing likea gooddinner andsome musicto cheerus up.我们看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离象岛不难想象他们要面临的危险他们会回来找到我们吗他们会发生什么事呢如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办我们感到如此的孤独和绝望不过，这种情绪并没有持续很久没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更能让我们振作起来了Life fellinto aregular pattern.Staying alivetook allour time and energy.For example,weneeded water,and ElephantIsland hadnone.We foundthat we could meltice from theocean anddrink thewater fromit.But howcould wemake fireThere wereno treesgrowingon Antarcticaand nooil,so theonly fuelwe coulduse wasanimal fat.This gaveoffoily,black smoke,but itstayed burningeven instrong winds.生活陷入了一个固定的模式求生耗费了我们所有的时间和精力例如，我们需要水，而象岛没有我们发现可以把海上的冰融化成水，然后饮用可是我们怎么生火呢南极没有树木也没有石油，我们可以使用的唯一燃料就是动物脂肪这种燃料会产生油腻的黑烟，但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧Food wasalso aproblem,as wedid notfind anyvegetables orfruit onthe island.One ofourgroup members,Lionel Greenstreet,noted inhis diaryabout howbored hewas with themeals:nThe foodnow ispretty wellall meatof seacreatures.0If itwerent forsea animals,we wouldall starve.As achef,it wasmy dutyto cook,so Itried tovary themeals inwhateverway I could.But it was difficult.食物也是个问题，因为在岛上我们找不到任何蔬菜或水果我们的一位团队成员，莱昂内尔・格林斯特里特，在日记中写下了他对三餐的厌烦程度“现在的食物几乎全是海洋生物”要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿作为一名厨师，我的职责是烹饪食物，于是我想方设法变换三餐的花样但是，这实在太难了We had tobecareful notto gooutside toooften,asthechanging temperaturescould makeusill.It wasalmost asdangerous tobecome toohot from wearing toomany clothesas tobecome too coldfromwearingtoo few.The sweatcould freezevery quickly.Many ofusalso becameill from the blacksmoke ofthe animalfat weburnt forour fires.It damagedoureyes andburnt ourlungs.我们十分小心，避免过于频繁地外出，因为气温变化会使人生病衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的汗水会迅速结冰我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人都得病了这种黑烟损害我们的眼睛，而且伤害我们的肺部The twenty-two ofus livedlike thisin thecold forfour months.Our disciplineand teamspiritkept usoptimistic andhelped usdeal withour fearsina positive andsuccessful way.We alsocelebrated ourbirthdays,festivals,and eventhe timeswhen wecaught asea animal.This wasan episodein my life thatI wouldnever forget.我们22个人就这样在冰天雪地里度过了四个月纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感生日、节日甚至捕获海洋动物之时，我们都会庆祝一番这是我生命中永远不会忘却的一段经历When wewere finallyrescued,we feltsuch reliefand joythat manyofuscould nothide ourtears.We wereat lastfree togo hometo warmbeds,good food,and thecare ofour familyandfriends.Our optimismand faithin Shackletonhad helpedus perseverein stayingalive.And hepaid usback byhis commitmentto saveus froma slowbut painfuldeath.最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水我们终于可以回家了回归温暖的被窝、（享受）可口的食物以及家人朋友的关爱我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任让我们顽强地活了下来，而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来A FEWSIMPLE FORMSOF ENGLISHPOEMS英文诗歌的几种简单形式There arevarious reasonswhy peoplecompose poetry.Some poemstell astory ordescribea certainimage in the readersmind.Others tryto conveycertain feelingssuch asjoy andsorrow.The distinctivecharacteristics of poetry ofteninclude economicaluseof words,descriptive andvivid language,integrated imagery,literary devicessuch assimiles andmetaphors,and arrangementofwords,lines,rhymes,and rhythm.Poets usemany differentformsofpoetryto expressthemselves.Now wewill lookata few ofthe simplerforms.人们写诗的原因多种多样有的诗歌讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象，还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤诗歌的显著特点通常包括精练的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻的文学手法，以及字词、诗行、韵脚和节奏的编排诗人们使用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式Some ofthe firstpoems ayoung childlearns inEnglish arenursery rhymes.They areusuallythe traditionalpoems orfolk songs.The languageof theserhymes,like PoemA,isto thepoint buthas astoryline.Many childrenenjoy nurseryrhymes becausethey rhyme,have astrong rhythm,and oftenrepeat thesame words.The poemsmay notmake senseandeven seemcontradictory,but theyare easy to learnand recite.By playingwiththewords innurseryrhymes,children learnabout language.一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣这些童谣的语言恰到好处，却含有故事情节，如诗歌A许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且往往重复一些字眼这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言AHush,little baby,don*t saya word,Papa*s gonnabuy youa mockingbird.If thatmockingbird wontsing,Papas gonnabuy youa diamond ring.If thatdiamondringturns tobrass,Papa*s gonnabuy youa lookingglass.If thatlooking-glass getsbroke,Papas gonnabuy youa billy goat.If thatbillygoatwon*t pull,Papas gonnabuy youa cartand bull.A小宝宝，别说话，爸爸给你买只知更鸟知更鸟，不唱歌，爸爸给你买枚钻石戒，钻石戒，变黄铜，，爸爸给你买面小镜子小镜子，打碎了，爸爸给你买只小山羊，小山羊，不肯拉，爸爸给你买架牛拉车One ofthe simplestkinds ofpoem isthe listpoem,which containsa listof things,people,ideas,or descriptionsthat developa particulartheme.List poemshave aflexible linelengthand repeatedphrases whichgive botha patternand arhythm tothe poem.Some rhyme（）like Band C,while othersdonot.“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它（一般）包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单，形成一个特定主题清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏有些清单诗押韵（如诗歌B和诗歌C）,有些则不押韵BMotherHundreds ofstars in the deepblue sky,Hundreds ofshells onthe shoretogether,Hundreds ofbirds thatgo singingby,Hundreds ofbees in the sunnyweather,Hundreds ofdewdrops togreet thedawn,Hundreds ofbees in the purpleclover,Hundreds ofbutterflies onthe lawn,But onlyone motherthe worldover.George CooperB母亲千百颗星星挂在湛蓝的天空，千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸，千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过，千百只蜜蜂在阳光下穿梭，千百滴露珠迎接黎明，千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戏千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞，可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世界——乔治・库珀CLIFELife canbe good,Life canbe bad,Life ismostly cheerful,but sometimessadLife canbe dreams,Life canbe greatthoughtsLife canmean a person,Sitting incourt.C生活生活可能美好，生活可能悲伤，生活常常充满欢乐，但有时令人沮丧生活可能是幻梦一场，生活可能是伟大理想，生活也可能是一个人，独坐在被告席上Another simpleform ofpoem thatamateurs caneasily writeisthecinquain,which ismadeup offive lines.With these,you canconvey astrong pictureoracertain moodin just afew（）words.Look atthe exampleD.（对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情请看范例（诗歌D）oDBrotherBeautiful,athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriend andenemy tooMineD兄弟漂亮，爱运动爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑是我的朋友也是我的敌人Haiku is a Japaneseform ofpoetry thatconsists of17syllables.It hasa formatof threelines,containing5,7,and5syllables respectively.It isnot atraditional formof Englishpoetry,butis verypopular withEnglish writers.It iseasytowrite and,like thecinquain,can giveaclear pictureand createa specialfeeling usingvery fewwords.The haikupoem Eon therightisatranslation fromJapanese,which showsa momentinthelife of a delicatebutterfly.俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达一种特殊的情感右侧的俳句诗歌E从日语翻译而来，展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻EA fallenblossomIs comingback tothe branch.Look,a butterfly!E一朵凋落的花回到了枝头看，是一只蝴蝶！English speakersalso enjoypoems fromChina,those from the Tang Dynasty inparticular.A lotof Tangpoetry hasbeen translatedinto English,such asthis oneF.英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文，如诗歌FoFWhere sheawaits herhusbandOn andontheriver flows.Never lookingback,Transformedinto stone.Day byday uponthemountain top,wind andrain revolve.Should thetraveller return,this stonewouldutter speech.------Wang JianF望夫处，江悠悠化为石，不回头山头日日风复雨行人归来石应语——王建Vinci hadused oil,this techniquereached itsheight withRembrandt1606-1669,whogained areputationasa masterof shadowand light.另一个创新是油画颜料的使用一些最好的油画以及深邃的色彩和现实主义风格,看起来就像照片一样尽管早在达・芬奇时代画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他获得了“光影大师”的雅称In subjectmatter,the emphasisincreasingly shiftedfrom religiousthemes topeople and theworld aroundus.Kings,nobles,and peopleof highrank wantedto purchaseaccuratepictures ofthemselves and the peoplethey loved.Others wantedpaintings showingimportanthistorical eventsor storiesfrom mythology.Finally,most clientswantedpaintings thatwere beautifuland interestingto lookat.在题材上，重点越来越从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界国王、贵族和地位高的人都想购买他们自己和他们所爱的人的精确照片，还有人想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作最后，大多数客户想要看起来既漂亮又有趣的画作Impressionismlate19th toearly20th centuryE[]象派19世纪末20世纪初The developmentofWestern artslowed untilthe inventionof photographyinthemid-19th century.After thatpaintingswereno longer neededto preservewhat peopleandtheworld lookedlike.Hence,painters hadtofinda newway oflooking attheir art.From thisjmpressionismemerged inFrance.The nameof thisnew movementcame fromthe paintingby ClaudeMonet1840-1926called Impression,Sunrise.In thiswork,Monets aimwastoconvey thelightand movementinthescene一the subjectiveimpression thescene gavehim-but notadetailed recordofthescene itself.西方艺术发展缓慢，直到19世纪中叶摄影术的发明在那之后就不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了，因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术由此印象派在法国出现了这一新运动的名字来自克劳德・莫奈的画作《印象・日出》在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是表达场景中的光和运动，这是场景给他的主观印象，但不是场景本身的详细记录While manyImpressionists paintedscenes ofnature ordaily life,others,such asRenoir1841-1919,focused onpeople.Unlike thecold,black-and whitephotographs ofthat timeperiod,Renoifs paintingsare fullof light,shadow,colour,and life.He soughtto shownotjust theouter imageof hissubjects,but theirinner warmthand humanityas well.虽然许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿，则专注于描绘人与那个时代冷色的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色彩和生机他不仅力图表现他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还力图表现他们内在的温暖和人性Modern Artfromthe20th centuryto today现代艺术20世纪到今天After Impressionism,subsequent artistsbegantoask,What dowe donext Painterssuchas Picasso1881-1973tried toanalyze theshapes whichexisted inthe naturalworld butina newway,with Cubism.Others gavetheir paintingsa realisticbut dream-like quality.Stillothers turned to abstractart.What theyattempted to do wasnolongershow reality,butinstead toask thequestion,what isart”With somany differentforms ofpoetryto choosefrom,you mayeventuallywant towrite poemsofyour own.Give ita try!有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗试一试吧！01WIND ONTHE HILLNo one cantell me,Nobodyknows,Where the wind comesfrom,Where thewind goes.Itsflying fromsomewhere Asfast asit can,I couldntkeep upwithit,Not if1ran.But ifI stoppedholding Thestringof mykite,It wouldblowwith thewind Fora dayand anight.And thenwhenIfound it,Wherever itblew,I shouldknowthat thewind Hadbeen goingtheretoo.So thenIcouldtellthem Wherethewindgoes...Butwhere thewind comesfromNobody knows.-----A.A.Milne山上的风没有人能够告诉我，也没有人会知道，风来自哪里，又将去往哪里它从一个地方吹来尽它所能，飞快地吹来，我不能赶上它，即使我奔跑但但如果我停下来，不再紧握我手中的风筝线，它将被风吹跑，一天一夜后来当我发现它，它吹向任何地方，我会知道风也曾经去过那里所以当我能告诉他们，风去了哪里……但是风从哪里来没有人知道——A.A.米尔恩I一,DREAMHold fastto dreams,For ifdreams dieLife isa broken-winged birdThat cannotfly.Hold fastto dreams,For whendreams goLife isa barrenfield Frozenwith snow.------Langston Hughes梦想紧紧抓住梦想，因为梦想若是死亡，生命就像鸟儿折断了翅膀，再也不能飞翔紧紧抓住梦想，因为梦想一旦消逝，生活变成荒芜的田野，被冰封雪盖——兰斯顿・休斯A MATCHIf love werewhat therose is,And Iwere the leaf,Our liveswould growtogether Insad orsingingweather,Brown fieldsor flowerfulcloses,Green pleasureor greygrief;Iflovewerewhat therose is,And Iwere liketheleaf.------配偶如果爱情是玫瑰，而我是绿叶，我们的生命将一起成长，无论天气阴沉还是晴朗，处在丰饶的原野或花径，感受绿色的欢乐或灰色的苦闷;如果爱情是玫瑰，而我是绿叶——A.C.斯温伯恩继印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始问“下一步我们要做什么？”像毕加索这样的画家试图用一种新方法——立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状，另一些人则赋予了他们的画作一种现实但梦幻般的质感，还有人转向抽象艺术他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？”Reading forWritingANCIENT CHINESEARTON SHOW中国古代艺术展览The RichfieldMuseum ofFine Artis proudto presentour newexhibition,nfrom ShangtoQing:Chinese ArtThrough theAges.Join usas weexplore morethan3,000years ofwonderfulart fromtheMiddleKingdom.From bronzebowls toceramic vases,and jadesculpturesto inkwash paintings,our goalis todisplay theChinese artisticgenius fromancienttimes.里奇菲尔德美术博物馆隆重推出我们的新展——“从商朝到清朝中国历代艺术”加入我们吧，一起来探索来自“中央王国”即中国，译者注三千多年的精彩纷呈的艺术无论从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天赋The highlightof thisexhibition isthe paintingClearing AfterSnow ona MountainPass,one ofthegreat works ofTang Yin1470-

1524.Born duringthe MingDynasty,Tangsought andfailed togain entryintothecivil service,so heturnedtopainting instead.Intime,he gainedrecognition asone ofthe greatestartists Chinahas everknown.Thispainting,showing highmountains,trees,and housescovered insnow,was madewithextraordinary skill.Though it is over500years old,it looksas freshand fullof lifeas thedayitwascreated.本次展览的亮点是唐寅1470—1524著名的画作之一——《函关雪霁图》唐寅生于明朝，一心想要踏入仕途而不得，因此转而从事绘画最终，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一这幅画呈现了白雪覆盖下的高山、树木和房屋，技法超乎寻常虽然已有500多年之久，但它看起来仍然和创作那一天一样栩栩如生、充满活力Also ofprimary noteisacollection ofnearly100bronze objectsfromtheShang Dynasty1600BCE-1046BCE.While theartists whomade thesegreatworksare notknown,theyshowed greatskill increating thesebeautiful pieces.Some ofthe itemson displayarethought tohave comefromthecollection ofEmperor orQianlong1711-1799,a greatadmirerof ShangDynasty bronze.同样值得重点关注的还有一组近百件的商朝公元前1600年一公元前1046年的青铜器尽管制作这些青铜器的艺术家不为人所知，但在创作这些精美器物的过程中，他们展现出了非凡的技艺部分展品被认为是来自对商朝青铜器大为赞赏的乾隆皇帝1711年—1799年的收藏品Finally,we havemany fineexamples ofTangDynasty618-907sculptures.Most oftheseare ofBuddhist origin.Even thoughBuddhism enteredChina muchearlier,it didnot reallybegintoshowexpansion untilthe seventhcentury.During thissame period,trade alongtheSilk Roadalso boomed.Chinese sculpturethus founditself highlyinfluenced byBuddhistart broughtfrom Indiaand CentralAsia throughthe SilkRoad.These workswere intendedtospread Buddhismand theyare ofexceptional beautyand quality.Looking atthe facesofthe figuresin thesesculptures,one seesthe facesofthepast.History isbrought tolife.最后，我们还有许多唐代（618年—907年）的雕塑作品作品大多数源于佛教尽管佛教传入中国为时更早，但直到公元7世纪它才真正广泛传播同一时期，丝绸之路沿线的贸易也蓬勃发展中国雕塑因此深受丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响这些作品的目的是传播佛教，它们都精美绝伦，品质非凡看着这些雕塑中人物的脸，（你）可以看到过去的面貌历史被“复活”了This isjustasmall tasteof whatis instorefor youin thisexhibition.We guaranteethatFrom Shangto Qing:Chinese ArtThrough theAges”will transportyou toanother timewithitsamazingcollection ofworks.以上只是让你稍微感受下你将在本次展览上看到什么我们保证“从商朝到清朝中国历代艺术”展览将通过其精彩的藏品带你进入至另一个时代From Shangto Qing:Chinese ArtThrough theAges willrun untilNovember25th.“从商朝到清朝中国历代艺术”展览将持续到11月25日（Opening hoursare from9:00a.m.to5:00p.m.,from Tuesdayto Sundaythe museumis）closed onMondays.Noonewillbeadmitted intothe exhibitionafter4:30p.m.开放时间为周二到周日（博物馆周一闭馆）的上午9时到下午5时工下午4:30后禁止入馆Admission:$10for adults;$8for students;$5for children under12;free forchildrenunder

5.门票成人10美元；学生8美元；12岁以下儿童5美元；5岁以下儿童免费No photosorfood anddrink areallowed inthe museum.博物馆内禁止拍照、携带食物和饮料UNIT2HABITS FORA HEALTHYLIFESTYLE养成健康的生活习惯As teenagersgrow up,they becomemore independentand startmaking theirown decisions.However,during thisperiod,itcanbe easyfor some ofthemto formbad habits.These badhabits,if leftunchecked,could leadto moreserious oneswhen theybecome adults.Forexample,some ofthem maybecome involvedin tobaccoor alcoholabuse,which canleadto physicaland mentalhealth problems.To preventharmful habitslike thesefromdominating ateenagers lifeis essential.They mustlearn torecognise bad habits earlyandmake appropriatechanges.随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，开始自己做决定然而在这段时间里，他们中的一些人很容易养成坏习惯这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，可能会导致他们长大后有更严重的坏习惯例如，有些青少年可能会沉溺于吸烟或酗酒而不能自拔，这会造成生理或心理健康问题防止像这样的有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的，他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出恰当的改变To change bad habitsis nevereasy,even withmany attempts.There isa famoussayingbased onthe philosophyof Aristotle:We arewhat werepeatedly do.In manyways,ourlifestyle isthe sumof choiceswehavemade.We makea choicetodo something,and thenwerepeat itover andover again.Soon thatchoice becomesautomatic andforms ahabitthat ismuch harderto change.The goodnews isthatwe can change,ifweunderstand howhabitswork.改变坏习惯从来都不容易，即使尝试了很多次有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道“重复的行为造就了我们”在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和我们选择做某事，然后一遍又一遍的重复它，很快，那种选择就会自动形成一种更加难改变的习惯好消息是我们可以改变，如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的According tomodern psychology,we mustfirst learnaboutthe habit cycle,which workslikethis:根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯周期、其工作原理如下Firstly,there isa cue,an action,event,or situationthat actsasasignal todosomething.首先，有一个“提示”，即充当做某事信号的动作、事件或情况Secondly,there isa routine，the regularaction youtake inresponse tothe cue.其次，有一个“惯例”，即回应该“提示”你经常采取的行动Thirdly,there isthe reward,the goodthing orfeeling weget fromthe routine.第三，有一个“奖励”，即我们从该“惯例”中得到的好东西或感觉For example,when wefeel unhappycue,we eatlotsofunhealthy snacksroutine,whichmakes usfeel happyreward.The rewardmakes usmuch morelikely tocontinue thecycle,andthebadhabitof relyingon unhealthysnacks isformed.例如，当我们感到不快乐时提示，我们就吃很多不健康的零食惯例，这让我们感到快乐奖励奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了To facilitateapositivechangeinour bad habits,we mustfirst examineour badhabit cyclesandthen tryto adaptthem.Wc cando thisby combiningthe informationfrom ourhabitcycles withour ownpositive ideas.For example,we couldtryto replace anegative routinewithsomething more positive.So,when wefeel unhappyagaincue,rather thaneat snacks,wecouldlisten tosomeofour favouritemusic insteadroutine,which willmake usfeelrelaxed reward.Aside fromchanging bad habits,wecanalso usethehabitcycle tocreate（）good habits.For example,when wecometoan escalatorcue ournormal routineisto9ride it,but wecould changethis routineinto somethingmorepositiveby takingthe stairsinstead.想要促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整我们可以通过把来自习惯周期的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合来做到这一点例如，我们可以尽量做一些更积极的事情来代替消极的习惯,所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），不要去吃零食，相反我们可以听一些我们喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会让我们感到放松（奖励）除了改变坏习惯，我们还可以利用习惯周期来养成好习惯例如，当我们遇到电动扶梯（提示）时，我们通常的做法是乘坐电动扶梯，但我们可以通过爬楼梯来改变这种惯例，使之变得更加积极Many ofus tryto changebad habitsquickly,and ifwearenot successfulstraight away,weoften becomepessimistic andgive up.In fact,themostsuccessful wayto changeis notsuddenly,but overa periodof time.As theChinese philosopherLao Ziwrote,A journeyofa thousandmiles beginswith asingle step.One stepseems small,but itis essential.Toreach thegoal ofchange,apersonmust showsome disciplineand repeatedlytake manysmallsteps.After all,itisnot easyto breakbadhabits.我们中有许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃事实上，最成功的改变不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间的正如中国哲学家老子所言“千里之行，始于足下”一步看似渺小，却是必不可少为了达到改变的目标，人必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断地迈出许多小步毕竟，改掉坏习惯并不容易For youngpeople,thereisplenty oftimetochangebadhabits.However,thereisno magicpillor deletebutton thatwill helpyou;you haveto thinkabout yourbadhabitsand decideonsome changes.You havethe powerto builda happyand healthylife fullof goodhabits!对于年轻人来说，仍有足够的时间去改变坏习惯然而，没有“神奇药丸”或删除按钮可以帮助你；你必须考虑一下你的坏习惯，并决定做出一些改变你有能力建立一个充满良好习惯的快乐而健康的生活！Dear Editor,亲爱的编辑，After Iattended yoursummer campabout health and lifestylechoices,I realisedI hardlyeverfelt well,either physicallyor mentally.I oftenfelt sleepyand dizzy,and lackedpassion.Most worrying,though,I gotthe flueasily andexperienced manytoothaches,too.在我参加了你们关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到我儿乎感觉不到身体或心理的健康了我经常感到困倦和头晕，也缺乏激情最让我担心的是,我很容易得流感，还经历了多次的牙痛At theend ofthe campI heard,“Change theworld bychanging yourself.HThis stimulatedmy motivation.A dentistonce examinedmeandtold methat toomuchsugar in my mealshad damagedmy teethand health.I madeup mymind tochange twothingsin mylife:to eatnothing withsugar andto exerciseregularly.在夏令营结束时，我听说“通过改变自己来改变世界”这激发了我的动力有一次，一位牙医给我做了检查，他告诉我，我吃的饭里糖太多，已经损害了我的牙齿和健康我下定决心改变我的生活中的两件事吃不含糖的食物、定期锻炼After thatI stoppedbuying allthe sweets,biscuits,and sugarydrinks thatI usedto haveeveryday.Whenever I went outwith friends.I broughtsnacks fromhome,things thatdidnthave anyadded sugar:fruit,nuts,dried meat,etc.从那以后，我不再买以前每天吃的所有糖果、饼干和含糖饮料每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，一些没有添加任何糖分的东西水果、坚果、肉干等等My exercisewas verysimple:Iwentoutside everyday forat least30minutes anddidsomething active.Sometimes Iplayed tabletennis orbadminton withmy cousins.Othertimes Ijumped onmy skateboardand rodearound myneighbourhood,or justtook alongwalk.我的锻炼很简单我每天至少出去30分钟，做一些活动有时我和堂兄弟姐妹打打乒乓球或羽毛球，其他时间我跳上滑板，在我的社区转悠，或只是走很长一段路The resultshavebeenfantastic.I feelmore dynamicand strongerthanever,in bothbodyand mind.I sleepsoundly atnight now.Inolonger sufferfromaflu virusor toothacheseither.Best ofall,inmyopinion,is howI feelabout myself.I feellike Imin control of myownlife.To makechoices aboutmyself iswithin myown power.I CANchange myself.Ijust needto try.结果非常好我感到身体和精神都比以前更富有活力，更加强健我现在晚上睡得很香，也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨了在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉我觉得我能掌控自己的生活对自己做出选择是我力所能及的，我可以改变自己，我只需要去尝试Yours truly,Wang Lu敬启，王露Dear Editor,亲爱的编辑，As Itook partinthesummer campabout personallife choices,I startedto analysemychoices,especially whatI didto relaxand howitwasaffecting mywhole life.当我参加了关于个人生活选择的夏令营时，我开始分析我的选择，尤其是为了放松而做的事情，以及它是如何影响我的整个生活的After startinghigh school,I feltstressed outand alwaysrelaxed byplaying computergames.I gotso absorbedthatIplayed thegames dayand night.Playing wasfun,but Ifelteven moreworn outafterwards!So afterthe camp,I realisedthat itwas very,veryimportant toadjust mylifestyle.I decidedto takecontrolofmylifeand findother waystorelax.在开始上高中以后，我感到焦虑不安，总是通过打电脑游戏来放松自己我太投入了，日日夜夜都在打游戏打游戏很开心，但后来我甚至觉得更累了！所以在夏令营结束后，我意识到调整我的生活方式是非常非常重要的我决定掌控自己的生活，找到其他放松的方式It wasa bigstruggle nottojoinmy friendsin playingonline gamesas Immad for them.However,I realisedthat tosucceed inquitting,I hadtoreplaceit withsomething else.So Ithoughtabout whatto try.Rock climbing,bowling,watching comedies,and playingbasketballwere thethings Ithought ofdoing instead.当我为游戏疯狂的时候，很难不加入我的朋友们一起玩网络游戏然而，我知道到要想成功戒掉（游戏），必须做些其他事情来替代它，所以我想什么东西可以尝试攀岩、打保龄球、看喜剧和打篮球就是我想代替游戏的事情Now my dad andI gorock climbingtogether monthly!It hasenhanced thequality ofmylife,improving myhealthandincreasing myhappiness.I getrefreshed throughclimbing,spend moretime withmydad,and getto meetnew friends.现在我和爸爸每个月都一起去攀岩！他提高了我的生活质量，改善了我的健康，增加了我的快乐通过攀岩，我变得神清气爽，有更多的时间和爸爸在一起，还能认识新朋友After sixmonths oftrying outnew waysof relaxing,I feelmuch moreenergetic.I feelthatI canchange myselfforthe better.And ifthat,s truefor me,then itmight trulybe possibletochange theworld forthebetter.As Gandhisaid,Be thechange youwant tosee intheworld.尝试新的放松方式六个月后，我感到精力更加充沛了我觉得我可以让自己变得更好如果这对我来说是真的，那么有可能把世界变得更好也是真的正如甘地所言“欲变世界，先变其身”Sincerely,George Fielding真诚地，乔治・菲尔丁CLIMATE CHANGEREQUIRES THEWORLDS ATTENTION气候变化需要全世界的关注We haveknown aboutclimate changefor decades.There islittle doubtthat Earthis getting（）warmer andwarmer seethe graph.A warmingocean andatmosphere alongwith meltingiceand risingsea levelsprovide evidenceofadramatic changeintheglobalclimate.我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖（如图）海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据In2013,a lotof peoplewere shockedby anews photoofadead polarbear thatwas foundonNorways Arcticisland ofSvalbard.According tothe scientistswho foundits dead body,all thatremained ofthe polarbear wasskin andbones.An expertwho hasstudied polarbearsfor manyyears saidthat fromthe positionof itsdeadbody,the bearappeared tohavestarved anddied.Experts claimedthat lowsea-ice levelscaused byclimate changemeantthe bearcould nothunt sealsas before,so ithadtotravel greaterdistances inordertofindfood.This alarmingcase showedhow the increase intemperature hadan impacton Earthsecology.2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，（人们）发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨工一位长期研究北极能的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低童味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响Then whatis causingtheincreaseintheglobal averagesurface temperatureClimatescientists oftenmention akey climateprocess calledthe ngreenhouse effect,which hastwocommon meanings:thenatural greenhouseeffect andthe man-made”greenhouseeffect.The naturalgreenhouseeffectrefers tothe factthat heatfromthesun enterstheatmosphere andwarms Earthssurface asshort-wave radiation.The heatis releasedbackinto spaceat longerwave lengths.Greenhouse gasesintheatmosphere,such asmethaneand carbondioxide,trap someoftheheat,keeping Earthsclimate warmand habitable.Without thisprocess,Earth couldnot sustainlife.However,the man-made greenhouseeffecthas nowbecome abig problem.When peopleproduce hugeamounts ofextragreenhouse gasesby burningfossil fuels,more heatenergy istrapped inthe atmosphereandcauses Earthssurface temperatureto risequickly.那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”;它有两个常见的含义:“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层,使地表变暖这一热量以更大的波长被释放回大气层大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升There isstrong andcomprehensive evidencethattherise intemperature hasledtoanincrease inextreme weatherand naturaldisasters worldwide,not onlycausing serious。