大学英语四级——翻译题

2016年6月

（一）功夫（KongFu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想,神话和传说的启发Kung Fuis thefolk name of Chinesemartial arts,which datesback tothe needof self-defense,hunting,and militarydrill inancient China.It is one of Chinas traditionalsports,and allpeople,old andyoung,would participatein.It has gradually evolvedinto aunique elementof theChinese culture.As anationaltreasure of China,it hashundreds ofstyles.Meanwhile,it is also the most practicedart formin the world.Some stylesimitate themovements of animals,while othersare inspiredby Chinesephilosophy,myth andlegend.

（二）在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志潍坊以〃风筝之都〃而闻名，已有将近2,400年放飞风筝的历史传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地In Weifang,Shandong,kites arenot onlyfor entertainment.It alsosymbolizes theculture of the city.Weifang isknown as the capitalof kiteswith a history ofnearly2,400years inflying kites.It issaidthat theancient Chinesephilosopher Motzetook threeyears tomake the first kiteright inWeifang.Itfell andbroke,however,on itsfirst dayof flying.Some alsobelives thatit wasthe carpenterLuBan thatfistinvented thekite.Its saidthat hiskite wasmade ofwood andbamboo andit landedafter threedaysflying.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都有会惊喜的发现Wuzhen,an ancientwater townof Zhejiangprovince,is locatednear theBeijing-Hangzhou GrandCanal.It is a charmingplace.Many ancientbridges,Chinese stylehotels andrestaurants dwellthere.In thepast onethousand years,the watersystem and the wayof lifethere haventchanged much,soit is a museumof ancientcivilizations.All roomsin Wuzhenare madeof stoneand wood.Overhundreds of years,the localshave builthouses andmarkets alongthe riverbank.Numerous spaciousandpretty courtyardshide inthose houses,serving assurprises andwaiting to be foundby thetourists.2016年12月

（一）在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为In Chinese culture,red generallysymbolizes good luck,longevity andwell-being.The colorof redcanbe foundeverywhere during the Spring Festival and other festiveoccasions.Cash givento familymembersor closefriends asa giftis usuallywrapped ina redenvelop.Another reasonaccounting forthepopularity of red in China is that peopleassociate itwith Chineserevolution and the CommunistPartyof China.Red,however,does notalways representgoodluckand happiness.Since thename ofthedead wereusually writtenin redin thepast,it isregarded asan offenseto writedown thenameof aChinese inred ink.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义在封建feudal社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的在中国，黄色也是收获的象征秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收In Chineseculture,yellow is an importantcolor becauseof itsunique symbolicmeaning.In feudalsociety,it symbolizesthe rulerspower and authority.At thattime,yellow wasdesigned touse for theemperor—the royalpalace waspainted yellowand theimperial robewas alwaysyellow too.Howeverthe ordinarypeople werenot allowedto wearyellow clothes.In China,yellow alsosignifies harvest.The fieldsgrow goldenyellow inautumn whenthe cropsmature.People celebrate the harvestcheerfully.随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色因此，务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人同样，礼金也不能装在白色的信封里，而要装在红色的信封里With Chinasreform and opening up,nowadays quitea number of youngsterswould liketo celebratetheirweddings inwestern style.The bridewears a white weddingdress atthe ceremony,as white isregarded asa symbolof purity.However,in traditional Chineseculture,whiteisa colorthat isoftenused infunerals.Thats whyits necessaryto keepin mindthat whiteflowers mustnot begifts forpatients,especially notfortheelders orcritically illpatients.Similarly,the cashgift shouldntbepacked inawhiteenvelope,but ina redone instead.2017年6月一在珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河珠江三角洲delta是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5700多万人口上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一The PearlRiver,an extensiveriver systemin southernChina,flows throughGuangzhou City.It isChinasthird-longest river,only afterthe YangtzeRiver and the YellowRiver.The PearlRiver DeltaPRDisone of themost developedregions in China with an area of about11,000square kilometers.Itis the largest urbanarea in the worldin bothsize andpopulation.The ninelargest citiesof PRDhave acombinedpopulation ofover57million.Since the reform andopening upwas adoptedby theChinesegovernment in the late1970s,the Deltahas becomeone of the leadingeconomic regionsandamajormanufacturing centerof Chinaand the world二长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地长江流域river basin居住着三分之一的人口长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用长江三角洲delta产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站The YangtzeRiver isthe longestriver inAsia andthe third-longest in the world.It flows through awidearrayof ecosystemsand ishabitat toseveral endemicand endangeredspecies.The YangtzeRiverirrigates one-fifth of the landarea of the PeoplesRepublic ofChina PRC.Yangtze river basin ishometo one-third of the countryspopulation.The Yangtzeplays alarge rolein thehistory,culture andeconomyofChina.The YangtzeRiver Deltagenerates asmuch as20%ofthePRCs GNP.Forthousands ofyears,the YangtzeRiver has been used for watersupply,transportation andindustrialproduction.The largesthydro-electric powerstation in the worldisalsolocated inthe River.黄河是亚洲第

三、世界第六长的河流〃黄〃这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一黄河流域riverbasin是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生The YellowRiver ranksthe thirdlongest inAsia andthe sixthlongest inthe world.The wordyellow”describes themuddy wateroftheriver.The YellowRiver;one ofseveral riversfor Chinato liveon,originates fromQinghai,flowsthroughnine provinces,and finallypours intothe BohaiSea.The riverbasinis not only thebirthplace of ancient Chinesecivilization,but also themostprosperous regioninthe earlyhistory ofChina.However,due tothe frequentdevastating floods,it hascaused manydisasters.In thepast fewdecades,the governmenthas takenvarious measuresto preventdisasters.2017年12月一泰山位于山东省西部，海拔1500余米,方圆约400平方公里泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览，许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画，山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点Mount Taiis locatedinthewestern part of ShandongProvince.It hasa heightof more than1,500meters andcovers anareaofabout400square kilometres.Mount Taiisamajestic mountainwithhistorical andcultural significance.It has been aplace ofworship forat least3,000years.It isrecordedthat72emperors hadvisited it.Writers cameto seekinspiration forpoems andessays andartists forpainting.Therefore,a greatmany ancientrecords andrelics wereleft there.Mount Taihas nowbecome a principaltourist siteinChina.-华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的药草自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加HuashanMount Huais situatedin HuayinCity,120kilometers awayfrom Xian.It ispartoftheQinling Mountains,which dividesnotonlySouthern andNorthern Shanxi,but alsoSouth andNorthChina.Unlike Taishan,which becamea popularplace ofpilgrimage,Huashan wasnot wellvisited inthepast becauseit isdangerous forthe climbersto reachits summit.Huashan wasalso an importantplace frequentedby immortalityseekers,as manyherbs growthere especiallysome rareones.Sincethe installationofthecable carsinthe1990s,the number of visitorshas increasedsignificantly.黄山位于安徽省南部它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题HuangshanYellow Mountainis locatedin southernAnhui Province.The areais wellknown foritsunique scenery,especially sunriseand seaof clouds.To enjoythe magnificenceofamountain,youhave to look upwardsin mostcases.To enjoyHuangshan,however,youve gotto lookdownward.Furthermore,Huangshans moistclimate facilitatesthe growingof teatrees,thereforethe mountainisone ofChinas premiertea-growing areas.In addition,Huangshan hasmultiple hotspringswhich helppreventand cureskin illness.Huangshan isoneofChinas majortourist destinationsandthemostfrequent subjectof photographyand traditional Chinese painting.2018年6月一近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁In recent years,a growingnumber of Chinese citieshave startedconstructing subways.Developingsubways helpsreduce theamount of traffic jamsand airpollution.Subway hasadvantages ofsafety,fast speedand comfort.A growingnumberofpeople choosesubway asa mainmode oftransportationon theirway towork orschool.Nowadays,it isbecoming increasinglyconvenient toridesubways inChina.In somecities,people can take thesubway aslong asthey havecards orcellphone.A large numberoflocal seniorcitizens areeligible forfree subwayrides.二过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加In olddays,for mostChinese people,it wasbeyond imaginationthat wecould travel by air.Nowadays,with theadvancement ofeconomy andimprovement ofliving standard,there area growingnumberof Chinese people,including farmersand migrantworkers,are ableto affordair traveling.All thebigcities aretheir destinationswhile newairports aretobeconstructed in many othercities.Air serviceiscontinually improving,and sometimesthere willbe specialoffers forair tickets.In recentyears,thenumber ofpeople whochoose totravelbyair duringholidays isconstantly increasing.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车Bus wasanimportantmode oftransportation forChinesepeople.In recentyears,because thenumberof privatecars has been increasing,the problemoftrafficin citieshasbeenmore andmoreserious.To encouragemore peopleto goout bybus,many citieshave beentrying hard to improvethequality of bus service.The equipmentof busesis continuallyupdating,andthespeed ofbuses hasbeensignificantly improvedtoo.However,the priceofbustickets isstill verylow.Nowadays,in manybigcities,many localold peoplecantakebuses forfree.2018年12月

（一）由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书Due tothe rapiddevelopment ofcommunication network,the numberof Chinesesmartphone usershasincreased atan amazingspeed inrecentyears,which hasdramatically changednumerouspeoples wayof reading.Nowadays,they alwaysread newsand articlesthrough smartphonesinsteadof buyingtraditional newspapers.The developmentofalargenumberof mobileapplications enablespeopleto readnovels andother formsof literaryworks with their phones.Therefore,the saleofpaper workshasbeenaffected.But thesurvey revealsthat althoughthe smartphonereading marketisgrowing steadily,more thanhalf ofthe grown-ups stillenjoy readingprinting books越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序apps保持联系并拓宽朋友圈他们也用手机购物、查找信息，因为手机便于携带此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽视了与家人和朋友面对面的交流More andmore Chinesepeople reallycannot livewithout mobile phones now.Many ofthem,including elderpeople,use apps to keepin touchwith eachother andbroaden theircircle offriends.They alsoshop andlook upinformation on mobile phones,because mobilephones areeasy totake.Inaddition,using mobileappstocommunicate ischeaper thanusing traditionalphones.However;this newtrend hasled peopleto relytoo muchonmobilephones onsocial occasions.In fact,some youngpeople havebecome soaddicted thatthey neglectface-to-face communicationwith theirfamilyand friends.三过去儿年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体由于现在用手机付款很容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力In thepast fewyears,the mobile payment markethasbeenbooming inChina.With theemergence ofmobileInternet,shopping onthe phonehasgraduallybecomeatrend.Young peopleaged18to30make upthelargestgroup ofthe mobilepayment market.Since it is nowso easyto pay by mobilephone,many consumerswould ratherpaybymobilephonethan bycash orcredit cardwhenshopping.To encouragemore consumption,many storesoffer discountsto customerswho usemobilepayments.Experts predictthat Chinasmobilepaymentmarket stillhas greatdeveloping potentialinthe future.2019年6月一剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及剪纸用的材料和工具很简单纸和剪刀剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选Paper cutting isaunique formofChinesetraditional folkart withahistory of morethan2,000years.Paper cuttingprobably originatedintheHan Dynasty,following theinvention ofthe paper.Since then,it hasbeen spreadwidely inmany parts ofChina.The materialsand toolsfor papercutting aresimple:paper andscissors.Paper cuttingworks areusually madeofred paper,because redis associatedwithhappiness intraditional Chineseculture.Therefore,inthewedding,the Spring Festival andotherfestive occasions,redpapercuttingisthefirstchoice ofdoor andwindow decoration.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作狮子也是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏Lion DancingisatraditionalChinesefolk performancewithahistoryofmorethan2,000year.IntheLionDancing,two performersshare onelion costume,one performermoves thehead ofcostume,the othermoves hisbody andtail.They worktogether skillfully,imitating thelions movements.Thelion isalsotheking ofanimals,symbolizing happinessand goodluck,so peopleusually performtheLion Dancingduringthe SpringFestival andotherfestivals andholidays.Lion Dancingcan alsobe seenonother importantoccasions,such asthe openingceremony ofa shopand weddingceremonies,often attractinglarge audience.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼Lanterns,which originatedfrom theEast HanDynasty,was firstusedforlighting.In theTang Dynasty,they wereused tocelebratethepeaceful life.From thenon,lanterns havebecome popularin variouspartsofChina.A lanternis usuallymade ofthinpaper,in variouscolours,shapes andsizes.Red lanternssymbolize happylife andprosperousbusiness,traditionalChineseculture andthus arehung upin holidaysandfestivals such astheSpringFestival,Lantern Festivaland NationalDay.Today,redlanterns canbe seeninmanyplaces oftheworld2019年12月

（一）中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献Chinese familiesattach greatimportance totheir childrens education.Many parentsbelieve thattheyshould workhardtoensure thattheir childrenhave accessto agood education.Not onlyare theywillingto investin their childrenseducation,but theyalso spenda lotof timepushing themto learn.Most parentswant their children togo tofamous universities.Thanks tothereformandopeningup,more andmore parentscan sendtheirchildrento studyabroad ortake partin internationalexchangeprograms tobroaden theirhorizons.Through theseefforts,they expect theirchildrento growuphealthily andcontribute tothe developmentand prosperityofthecountry.

（二）中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕过去四代同堂并不少见由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住今天，这个传统正在改变随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住但他们之间的联系依然很密切许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日The conceptof familyinChinais relatedto itscultural traditions,andthelarge andharmoniousfamilies wereonce veryenviable.The four-generation familiesused tobe verycommon,inthepast.As aresult ofthis tradition,many youngpeople continueto livewiththeir parents aftermarriage.Today,that traditionis changing.With theimprovement ofhousing conditions,an increasingnumberof youngcouples chooseto liveapart from their parents.But theconnection betweenthem remainsstrong,and manyold peoplestill helptolookafter theirgrandchildren.Young couplesalso getaroundto visittheirparents,especially duringimportant holidayssuchastheSpringFestivalandMid-Autumnfestival.

（三）中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后千百年来，父姓一直世代相传然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生The fullnameofChinas Hanethnic grouppeopleis composedof familynamesurname andgivenname.One characteristicoftheChinese name isthatthe familynameisalways putbefore thegivenname.For thousandsofyears,the paternalsurnamethe fathersfamily namehasbeen passeddownthrough generations.However,itisnot uncommonnow fora child to havethe maternalsurnamethemothers familyname.Generally speaking,a givenname containsone ortwo Chinesecharacters,which carriesthe parentshope forthe kid.Therefore,its easyto inferfromthename whatkind ofpersonthe parentsexpecttheirchildtobe,or whatkind oflife tolead.Parents attachgreatimportance tonaming theirkid asit willbe hisor herlifelong company.。