还剩7页未读，继续阅读
文本内容:
Section F单元语法专项------，，介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
一、“介词+的用法which/whom”我们知道，关系代词在定语从句中可以作宾语，包括及物动词的宾语和介词的宾语关系代词作介词宾语时，介词通常放在定语从句的末尾但在很多情况下，需要把介词放在关系代词的前面这就是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句具体使用什么介词，可能与先行词的固定搭配有关，可能与定语从句中动词的要求有关，可能与定语从句中形容词的搭配有关还有一种可能，就是与定语从句所要表达的具体意思有关关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词”代替在when,where,why“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用或不可用或先which whom,that who行词指物时用先行词指人时用“介词+是定语从句中常见的语言现which,whom which/whom”象，也是同学们不易掌握的一个语法项目，问题的关键是这个“介词”较难确定但它是有规律可循的，有以下几种情况“介词+可以替代关系副词
1.which”when,where,why替代1whenIll neverforget theday on which=when myson wasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天依据确定on onthe dayTheyear in which=when theearthquake happenedwas
2008.发生地震的那年是年依据确定2008in in the year替代2whereThis is the farmon which=where I used towork.这就是我过去工作过的农场依据确定on onthe farm.他忘记了埋藏珠宝的He forgotthe exactDlace in which=where he had hiddenthe jewellery确切地点依据确定in inthe exactplace替代3whyId likeyou toexplain the reason forwhich=why yourefused myoffer ofhelp.我想让你解释一下你拒绝我帮助的原因依据确定for forthereason.依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词2Fil neverforget the time duringwhich I was withmy friendsinthecountry.我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光（依据确定）during duringthetime.我要给你提供一个可以做这项工作更I willoffer youa betterway inwhich youcan dothe job好的办法（依据确定）in in a betterway,依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词3她买了几件连衣裙，这些连衣裙She boughtseveral dresses,on which she spentall hermoney.花光了她所有的钱（依据确定）on spend...onIt is the grammarrules of which Iam notsure.我没有把握的就是语法规则（依据确定）of besure of根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词
4.你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗？Can yousee the river acrosswhich there is abridge.他正在那条河里游泳，河面上有一只小He isswimming intheriver,on whichthereis a boat船〔This isthe rivcinwhich Iusedto swim.这就是我过去常在里面游泳的那条河此外，除了“介词+以外，如果定语从句的先行词是“人”，也可以用“介词which”+whom”引导定语从句例如Mary isthe irlfor whomI boughtthis gift.玛丽就是那个我为其买此礼物的女孩（依据确定）for boughtthis giftfor」.应该有你可以征求意见的人（There should be someonewhom youcan turnfor adviceto依据确定）turn to someone for adviceShe beganto lovethe young man with whom she had workedfor solong.她开始爱上和她一起工作了这么久的那个年轻人（依据确with workedwith theyoungman定）“介词+关系代词”的其他表达法
5.（）如果在和之前用表示所属关系（即表示所属关系），1whom which of of whom,of which这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词，该名词放在之前或之后均可of whom,of whichId like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.Idlikea roomof whichthewindowlooks outover thesea.因为也表示所属关系，所以可以转换为:whoseFd likearoomwhose windowlooksoutoverthesea.（）在和之前用还可以表示部分与整体的关系这时，表示“部分”的2whom whichof,数词或代词，放在之前或之后均可of whom,of whichShe has three daughters,one of whomis a doctor.She hasthree daughters,all of whom arebeautiful.还可以说］She has2fpMaughtg^of whomone is a doctor.Shehasthreedaughters,of whomall arebeautiful.［特别提示］有些“动词+介词”短语被视为一个固定的词组，不可分割这时不能把介词置于关系代词前，如listen to,look at,look for,look after,care for,hear from,send for（误）This isthe rightbook forwhich Im looking.（）（正）This isthe rightbook whichImlookingfor.［记忆口诀］定语从句真奇妙，关系代（副）词来引导，定语从句分两种，是否限定看逗号指物指人，地点时间人或物均可，之前是which whowhere when,that whyreasono从句当中作宾语，可以代替为了句子更简练，关系代词可省去whom who,关系若是表所属，用法不可无除此之外还有啥？加whose whom,whichof
二、特殊结构的定语从句有一些其他形式的定语从句在实际运用过程中，具有较强的灵活性，因此其结构也较为复杂，现将常见的特殊结构的定语从句归纳分析如下嵌入式定语从句
1.He isthe onlyDerson thatwe expectwill win,他是唯一我们希望会获胜的人她有——本，她She hada bookwhichshe believed wasbought bvher fatheiat adear price,I1相信是父亲花了大价钱买来送她的“嵌入式”，相当于在定语从句前加了一个“主谓句”（位置在关系词之后）例句中，that作了的宾语作了will winwe expectwhich wasbought byher fatherat adear priceshebelieved的宾语“嵌入式”实际就是在一个定语从句前，又加了一个插入成分，让定语从句作其宾语常见的嵌入语有以及等I think/believe/guess/expect Iam sure,they say并列式定语从句
2.巴黎是一个艺术Paris is a goodplace whereart isso popularand whichmany peopleappreciate.非常受欢迎的好地方，也是许多人赞赏的好地方I findit hardto leavethe landwhere I have livedfor30years andwhere there are sweetmemories of我发现很难离开这片土地，我在这里生活了年，而且在这里有我美好的童年记my childhood.30忆“并列式”，是两个或两个以上的定语从句并列，中间由或连接，共同修饰一个and or先行词的结构相互之间不包含、不修饰、不重叠双重式定语从句
3.由纹咫加匚§簸皿由§^Is thereanything youdlike1051^£§2有没有你想要的，在货架上没有看到的东西？我喜欢你佩戴的你姐姐作为I likethe tieyou wearwhichvoLH-sistoLgave yonas a birthdaysift.生日礼物送给你的那条领带工皿这些是我们正在做的但没有意义的事情These arethirds weredoing duntmakC.SCnsa其特点是一个先行词首先被一个限定性定语从句所修饰，来表示一个特定的意思然后，这个“先1行词+限定性定语从句”再被另外一个限定性定语从句所修饰这两个限定性定语从句是处在不同层次上的，并不像并列式定语从句那样是同一个先行2词后面带有两个并列的定语从句，因而不能用连词等来连接它们and,but,or省略式定语从句
4.在含将来意义的定语从句中，我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分主要是情态动词和助动词，而代之以“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式，叫作省略式定语从句I havesaved asum ofmoney with which tobuy anew carfor myself我已经攒了一笔钱，耍用这些钱为自己买一辆新汽车本句的完整形式I havesaved asum ofmoney withwhich Idlike tobuy anew carfor myself.,我在试图找一个能放这架新钢琴I wastrying tofind aplace inwhich tolay the new piano的地方本句的完整形式I wastrying tofind aplace inwhichIcould laythe newpiano.［特别提示］在这类句子里，主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致，否则不可改为省略式定语从句试比较我在设法找一个我可以住的地方I wastrying tofind aplace inwhich tolive.我在设法找一个我弟弟可以Iwastrying tofind aplace inwhich myyounger brothercould live.住的地方分隔式定语从句
5.定语从句一般紧跟在被它修饰的先行词之后，但有时候它和先行词之间插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作分隔式定语从句一般说来，定语从句被分隔开来大致有以下三种情况先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔1There arequite afew studentsin ourschool wholike this athlete verymuch.我们学校有不少学生非常喜欢这位运动员The filmbrought thehours backto mewhen Iwas takengood careof inthat farawayvillage.这部电影使我回想起我在那个遥远的村庄受到良好照顾的那些时光先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔2由皿°口$卫怎旦起工My grandpahas apicture bya whichwas sectto himfor hisbirthday.我爷爷有一幅出自著名画家的画，它是被作为他的生日礼物寄来的After graduationshe reacheda Dointin hercareer whereshe hadto decidewhat todo.毕业后，她在职业生涯中到了一个必须决定做什么的时刻先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔3此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后The professorentered thehall whohad iustpresented severallectures.■■―^\Z\Z\X\Z\Z\ZKZ\ZS/SZ\ZSZ\Z\ZXZ\Z\Zw**Z\Z,Z**Z\ZXX\Z\ZJ A1刚刚做完几场演讲的教授进了大厅
三、定语从句表达状语从句的意义How cananyone hopeto bea qualifiedteacher,who doesntknow whatthe studentsare thinkinganddemanding一个人如果不知道学生在想什么、需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一名合格的教师呢在学习非限制性定语从句时，我们提到定语从句有时候可以按照并列句理解，还可以按照状语从句理解这要求我们准确判断定语从句和主句之间的关系，并充分考虑汉语的表达习惯，做到翻译通顺流畅就本句而言，尽管句中没有但定语从句确实表达了条件句的意义，所以if,才按照条件状语从句翻译从结构上看，它是某个先行词的定语从句；但从意义上看，它实际上修饰主句谓语或整个主句，起到了状语从句的作用所以，为了理解方便,我们称之为“定语从句的形式，状语从句的意义”这样的表达在英语中是很常见的定语从句的形式，条件状语从句的意义
1.The whichhappened twentyynavs ago,would leadto disaster.=The samething同样一件事情，如果发生在年前，将会would leadto disasterif ithappened twentyyears ago.20导致灾难定语从句的形式，原因状语从句的意义
2.He is a kindman,who isalways readyto help others.=He isa kindman becausehe isalwaysready tohelpothers.他是一个好人，因为他总是乐于助人定语从句的形式，让步状语从句的意义
3.Mr Smithinsisted onbuilding anotherhouse whichhe hadno usefor.=Mr Smithinsisted on史密斯先生坚持再盖一幢房子，尽管他无此需building anotherhouse thoughhehadno usefor it.要定语从句的形式，目的状语从句的意义
4.He wishesto writean articlethat will attract public attention to the matter.=He wishesto writeanarticle sothat itwillattractpublicattentiontothematter.他想写篇文章，以引起公众对此事的关注定语从句的形式，结果状语从句的意义
5.、My carbroke downhalfway whichcaused me to come late.=My carbroke downhalfway sothat我的汽车在半路上出了故障，结果我来晚了it causedmetocomelate.定语从句的形式，时间状语从句的意义
6.I saw Mr Wangwho waswandering onthe street.=1sawMrWang whenhe waswandering onthe王先生在街上闲逛的时候，我看到了他street.・即学即练・.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成句子
11.A novelistisa person writesnovels,while ajournalist isapersonjobis tocollect andcover news.
2.Someones reputationistheopinion peoplehave abouthow goodthey are.
3..Those havegained famebecome wellknown.
4.Someone hasa passionfor somethingis interestedin itand likesit verymuch.
5..A situationis regarded asanightmare is very frighteningand unpleasant.
6.Martin LutherKing gavea famousand inspiringspeech startedwith thewords“Ihavea dream”.
7.u Whata shame!”is anexpression youuse toexpress yourregret.
8..A countrygains independencehas itsown governmentand isnot ruledby anyothercountry.
9.A biographyof someone is anaccount ofhis life,is writtenby someoneelse.
10.He isregardedasa superheroeveryone shouldlearn from.
11.A committeeisagroup ofpeople meetto makedecisions orplans forotherpeople.
12.The honourisaspecial awardis given tosomeone,usually becausethey aregreatlyrespected.
13.They wantto establisha committeeor aspecial academyjob isto giverecognition tonewdrugs.
14.Mosquitos aresmall flyinginsects bitepeople andanimals inorder tosucktheir blood.
15.We shouldfocus onmaking efficientuse ofthe limitedresources wehave.
16.A careeristhejob someonedoes fora longperiod ofhis life.
17.Someone isfemale isa womanoragirl.
18.An awardisaprize isgiventosomeone fordoing somethingwell ormakingremarkable achievements.
19.A person is intelligenthas theability tothink,understand,and learnthingsquickly andcreatively.
20.People fightfor justiceof mankindshouldberespected andadmired.
21.An admirablepersonissomeone deservesto berespected andadmired.
22.Those havemade achievementsin theircareers areworthy ofrespect.
23.All hehas inmind ishow togain fame,is quitewrong.
24.They eventuallycame acrossa promisingchemical,was likelyto bean effectivecure forthedisease.
25.A firemanisaperson,usually aman,job isto putout fires.,用“介词+关系代词”填空II
1.John invitesabout40people tohis wedding,most arefamily members.
2.The children,all hadplayed thewhole day,were wornout.
3.The newlybuiltcafe,the wallsare paintedlight green,is reallyapeaceful placefor us,especially afterhard work.
4.She broughtit withher threefriends,none Ihad evermet before.
5.The mantook outa goldwatch,the handswere madeof smalldiamonds.
6.He isa learnedman,Fve learneda lotabout spacescience.
7.China hasmany islands,the largestis TaiwanIsland.
8.The schoolhas3,500students,around twothirds aregirls.
9.The oldman hastwo daughters,oneisa nursein ourneighbourhood.
10.In ourclass thereare46students,half wearglasses.
11.Give mea pieceof paperI canwrite thephone number.
12.The boybuilt atelescope hecould studythe sky.
13.Eric receivedtraining incomputers forone year,he founda jobinabig company.
14.Here arethe tabletennis players,some arefrom ourschool.
15.The toolhe isworking iscalled anengine.
16.Have youever readthe booktherearemany pictures
17.The manhehada talkyesterday isadoctor.
18.The librarywe oftenborrow booksisverylarge.
19..The gentlemanyou spokejust nowis ourheadmaster.
20.This isthenewbicycle Ispend fivehundred dollars.Section F单元语法专项---------“介词引导的定语从句+which/whom”即学即练.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成句子I
1.who/that;whose
2.that/which
3.who
4.who
5.that/which
6.that/which
7.that/which
8.that/which
9.which
10.who/whom/that1l.who
12.that/which
13.whose
14.that/which
15.that/which
16.that/which
17.who
18.that/which
19.who
20.who
21.who
22.who
23.that;which
24.which
25.whose用“介词+关系代词”填空II.
1.of whom
2.of whom
3.of which
4.of whom
5.ofwhich
6.from whom
7.ofwhich
8.of whom
9.ofwhom
10.ofwhom1l.on which
12.through which
13.after which
14.ofwhom
15.withwhich
16.inwhich
17.with whom
18.from which
19.to/withwhom
20.onwhich。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
