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大题阅读理解说明文03》明考情•为方向济.历年考情说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD篇，主要分为两种类型实验研究和介绍说明型说明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等命题规律说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化考向预测预测2025年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅球申HMM,smm.曲、娴、wi瞰藕，蜴艇碱蝴的©扇附Accordiigtotixteit»batistbekeyftiturtoLHedotstheauthor鞭晾船妙丽I辍、则
8、卿崛箱S蟠晾胭嬲describe（beproc«$oL!VHCMbeinferredfromtktteitabout.版」UhatistbemaltoftheeiperimeaintntioiditPin«nph3ChilisthemostlikthmsooVhkhfthefollotti”stikmegtsBprobablytrotbistdoi（htten弱瞬剑下端峭刷楣林翩献过拾义主加（顿,雌卅M%）—Wbatistbenailpurposeofthe赠艇纭_记图8（＜故您％明）text♦HBiWen iXTWhitdws（heanderiiadweedVreferIoWhichdtkbtstsumnarizesthe政Thephrase______________________________iiPimgrapb2isdostsiinnew toft财姗怖嬲懒城（蟠他照）痴胞法司辰1M桐崎颁烟®涮（贴的小醵r潮撕•）物融*m懒睇%）-品；短日—砌胸懒Ho*is（beleitorganizedUbatk（bentborsittiiudetowardsthepbeiomtfWDdkusMUhlBlkfuiictioiofParagraph4奥研大题•提能力》problem.-WJFK（O.fiti咖•Ultimately,they wantto createa setof guidelinesfor policymakers,planners,and materialsengineers.If youreanurban planner,for example,and youknow thelatitude of your city,the width-height ratioand the direction ofyour streets,you caneasily use their results to pickthe suitablesurfaces for applying theseretroreflective materials and estimate thecooling benefitsyou mightreceive indoing so.
8.What mayElie Bou-Zeid warnpeople of in paragraph2A.The frequencyof naturaldisasters.B.Thie urgencyof keepingpeople cool.C.The unpredictabilityof climate change.D.The necessityof temperaturemonitoring.
9.What is the limitationof currentcooling technologiesA.Influence upon the citysappearance.B.Disturbance of the viewof passes-by.C.Production ofsomething poisonous to humans.D.Inability tocontrol thedirection ofreflected light.
10.What does the underlinedword exacerbate“in paragraph5probably meanA.Relieve.B.Cause.C.Intensify.D.Address.
11.What isprobably thefinal goalof theengineersA.To increaseurban greenspaces.B.To personalizereflective materials.C.To simplifyexisting buildingdesigns.D.To reducecosts ofconstruction materials.【答案】
8.B
9.D
10.C
11.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了普林斯顿大学工程师测量用反光材料反射阳光以缓解城市热岛效应的降温效果，分析了现有降温技术的局限，阐述了反光材料的优势及工程师的最终目标
8.推理判断题根据第二段中Elie Bou-Zeid的话“With climatechange andthe increasingfrequency andpersistence ofextreme heat events,more people in theU.S.die fromextreme heatthan fromany otherweather related disaster heat killsmore thantornadoes,tsunamis,and hurricanescombined（随着气候变化以及极端高温事件发生频率和持续时间的增加，美国死于极端高温的人数比死于任何其他与天气相关灾害的人数都多——高温造成的死亡人数比龙卷风、海啸和飓风加起来还多广可知，极端高温造成了很多人死亡，情况十分危急，由此可推断出，ElieBou-Zeid是在警告给人们降温的紧迫性故选B项
9.细节理解题根据第三段中However,when sunlighthits thesecooling technologies,it canbe kickedback in anynumber ofdirections instead of inone focuseddirection,which meansthat highly reflective materialscould have anopposite result if appliedbecause sunlightcould bereflected onto the ground,walls,and eventhe passersby.（然而，当阳光照射到这些降温技术时，它可以被反射到任意方向，而不是集中在一个方向上，这意味着如果使用高反射材料，可能会产生相反的效果，因为阳光可能会被反射到地面、墙壁，甚至行人身上户可知，目前的降温技术不能控制反射光的方向故选D项
10.词句猜测题根据划线词前文In thisway,the retroreflectors can releasethe sunlightthat would otherwise be stuck inthe urban canyon…（通过这种方式，反向反射器可以释放原本困在城市峡谷中的阳光广可知，阳光原本会被困在城市峡谷中，进而加剧城市过热问题，故划线词exacerbate的意思是“加剧”,与intensify同义故选C项
11.推理判断题根据最后一段Ultimately,they wantto createa setof guidelinesfbr policymakers,planners,andmaterials engineers.If yourean urbanplanner,fbr example,and youknow thelatitude ofyour city,the widthheight ratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,you caneasily usetheir results to pickthe suitablesurfaces for applying theseretroreflective materialsandestimatethecooling benefitsyou mightreceive indoing so.（最终，他们想为政策制定者、规划者和材料工程师制定一套指导方针例如，如果你是一名城市规划师，并且你知道你所在城市的纬度、街道的宽高比和方向，你可以很容易地利用他们的研究结果来选择适合应用这些反光材料的表面，并估算这样做可能获得的降温效果）”可知，工程师们的最终目标是根据不同城市的具体情况，为不同的表面选择合适的反光材料，也就是使反光材料个性化故选B项（）Passage3[2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Every timewe makea newvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoof ourlatest meal,its liketurning on a small light bulb（灯，包）that911never be turned off.This pointsto anuncomfortable andextremelymodern question:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usingless dataGiven howmuch ofmodern lifedepends on digital data,the answercould be a key aspect to living nobly in the AI age.Why doposts producecarbon atall When you send a post on Moments,it goesalong a chain of energy-burningelectronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange——the boxon the street corner-andfrom there to a telecoms company,and from there tohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Each ofthose runs onelectricity,and itall adds up.Today,about400million homesworldwide have at leastone“smart“device一curtains,electric cookers,refrigerators,and pads.By2028,that figureis expectedto nearlydouble.We are,in otherwords,being takeninto aworldwhere itsharder todo anythingwithout turning on a digital light bulb.This putseco-conscious consumersin a bind.Afterall,who wouldlike to be someonethat cantget theirinformation properlybecause theyretoo busy keeping the carbonfootprint of their searchesdownIn theabsence of systemic change,worrying overour individualdata-usage decisionsis“like trying to hold back aflood with a bucket and spade（铁铲）Still,theres somethingwe cando.When we face adigital decision,the lessdata-thirsty optionwill often be the smarter one.Blocking third-party trackingwhen we,re on the web,for example,not onlyreduces the power consumption of internet browsing;its alsogood fbryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe we dont need to turn everything into data.If Iput downmy phonethe nexttime Vmon atrain,it wontsavethe planet.But rilbe looking out the window with my own eyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atall.
8.What doesthe authorimply aboutdata usageA.It isenergy-consuming.B.It is easy andconvenient.C.Its negativeeffects areignored.D.Its benefits are underestimated.
9.What is the function of paragraph2A.To entertain.B.To inform.C.To persuade.D.To inspire.
10.What do the underlinedwords“in abind^^mean in paragraph3A・At risk.B.At aloss.C.At ease.D.At adisadvantage.
11.What doesthe authoremphasize concerningcarbon reductionin thelast paragraphA.The removalof digitaldata.B,The promotionof ecotourism.C.The valueof personalcontribution.D.The significanceof systemic change.【答案】
8.A
9.B
10.B
11.C【导语】本文是说明文文章主要探讨了数字数据使用对环境的影响，强调了在AI时代减少碳排放的必要性文章通过分析数据传输过程中的碳排放问题，指出随着智能设备的普及，数据使用对环境的影响日益显著尽管系统性变革是关键，但个人在数据使用上的选择也能对环保产生积极影响
8.细节理解题根据文章第一段“Every timewe makea newvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoof ourlatest meal,itslike turningon a small lightbulb（灯，包）thatll never be turned off.This pointsto anuncomfortable andextremely modernquestion:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usingless dataGiven howmuch ofmodern lifespendson digitaldata,the answercould be a keyaspect toliving noblyin theAI age.（每次我们制作一个新视频、发一封电子邮件、发布一张我们最近吃的饭的照片，就像打开了一个永远关不掉的小灯泡这就引出了一个让人不舒服但又非常现代的问题为了拯救地球，我们应该减少数据的使用吗？考虑到现代生活在很大程度上依赖于数字数据，这个问题的答案可能是在人工智能时代高尚生活的一个关键方面）”和第二段的“When you send a post on Moments,itgoes along achain of energy-burning electronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange-thebox on thestreet corner-and from there to a telecoms company,and from there tohuge datacenters operatedby thetechgiants.Each ofthose runs on electricity,and itall addsup.（当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了户可知，作者指出每一次发送信总、发布照片等行为都会产生碳排放，因为这些行为都依赖于一系列耗电的电了设备故选A
9.推理判断题根据第二段内容“Why doposts producecarbon atall Whenyou senda poston Moments,it goesalong achainof energy-burning electronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange一the boxon thestreetcorner-and from there to a telecomscompany,and from there tohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Eachof those runs onelectricity,and itall addsup.（为什么帖子会产生碳呢？当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了厂详细解释了数据发布过程小能源消耗的具体环节，包括数据从用户设备传输到数据中心的路径及共对电力的依赖因此推断这一段的主要目的是向读者传递信息，解释数据使用为何会产生碳排放故选B
10.词义猎测题根据下文“After all,who wouldlike to be someonethat cantget theirinformation properlybecause theyretoo busy keeping the carbonfootprint of their searchesdown（毕竟，谁愿意成为一个因为忙于降低搜索的碳足迹而无法正确获取信息的人呢？广和作者提到“This putseco-conscious consumersin abind.（这让有环保意识的消费者陷入了困境）“环保意识的消费者会in abind可推断,他们既希望减少碳足迹，又不想错过获取信息的机会因此，“in abind”可以理解为“陷入困境”故选B
11.推理判断题最后一段“Still,theres somethingwe cando.When we face adigital decision,the less data-thirsty optionwill often be the smarter one.Blocking third-party trackingwhen were on the web,for example,not onlyreduces thepowerconsumption ofinternet browsing;its alsogood fbryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe wedont need to turneverythinginto data.If Iput downmy phonethe nexttime Vmon atrain,it wontsave theplanet.But rilbe lookingout thewindowwith myown eyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atalL（不过，我们还是有办法的当我们面临数字化决策时，对数据需求较少的选择往往是更明智的选择例如，当我们上网时阻止第三方跟踪，不仅减少了互联网浏览的功耗；这对你的隐私也有好处更根本的是，也许我们不需要把所有东西都变成数据如果我下次在火车上放下手机，那也不能拯救地球但我会用自己的眼睛看着窗外，创造一段完全不释放碳的记忆厂提到，尽管个人行为对整体环境影响有限，们我们仍可以在口常生活小做出更环保的选择，例如减少数据使用或关闭第一方追踪因此推断作者强调即使个人页献微小，也有价值故选C（）Passage4[2025届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Every timewe makea newvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoof ourlatestmeal,its liketurningon asmalllightbulb（灯》包）that911neverbeturnedoff.This pointsto anuncomfortable andextremelymodern question:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usingless dataGiven howmuch ofmodern lifedependson digitaldata,the answercould be a keyaspect toliving noblyin theAI age.Why doposts producecarbon atall Whenyou senda poston Moments,it goesalong achainofenergy-burningelectronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange一the boxonthestreetcorner-and fromthere toa telecomscompany,and fromthere tohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Each ofthoserunsonelectricity,and itall addsup.Today,about400million homesworldwide haveat leastone“smart device一curtains,electric cookers,refrigerators,and pads.By2028,that figureis expectedto nearlydouble.We are,in otherwords,being takeninto aworldwhere ifsharder todo anythingwithout turningon adigital lightbulb.This putseco-conscious consumersin abind.Afterall,who wouldlike to be someonethat cantget theirinformation properlybecause theyretoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprint of their searchesdownIn theabsence ofsystemicchange,worrying overour individualdata-usage decisionsis liketrying toholdbackafloodwith abucketandspade（铁铲）Still,theres somethingwe cando.When weface adigital decision,the lessdata-thirsty optionwilloftenbe thesmarterone.Blocking third-party trackingwhen were onthe web,for example,notonly reduces thepowerconsumption ofinternet browsing;its alsogood foryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe wedont need toturneverythinginto data.If Iput downmy phonethe nexttime Imon atrain,it wontsave theplanet.But Illbe lookingout thewindowwith myown eyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atall.
8.What doesthe authorimply aboutdata usageA.It isenergy-consuming.B.It iseasy andconvenient.C.Its negativeeffects areignored.D.Its benefitsare underestimated.
9.What isthe functionof paragraph2A.To entertain.B.To inform.C.To persuade.D.To inspire.
10.What dothe underlinedwords in abind”mean inparagraph3A.At risk.B.At aloss.C.At ease.D.At adisadvantage.
11.What doesthe authoremphasize concerningcarbon reductionin thelast paragraphA.The removalof digitaldata.B,The promotionof ecotourism.C.The valueof personalcontribution.D.The significanceofsystemicchange.【答案】
8.A
9.B
10.B
11.C【导语】本文是说明文文章主要探讨了数字数据使用对环境的影响，强调了在AI时代减少碳排放的必要性文章通过分析数据传输过程中的碳排放问题，指出随着智能设备的普及，数据使用对环境的影响日益显著尽管系统性变革是关键，但个人在数据使用上的选择也能对环保产生积极影响
8.细节理解题根据文章第一段“Every timewe makea newvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoof ourlatestmeal,itslike turningon asmalllightbulb（灯泡）thatll neverbeturnedoff.This pointsto anuncomfortable andextremely modernquestion:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usinglessdataGiven howmuch ofmodern lifedependsondigitaldata,theanswer could be akeyaspecttolivingnoblyin theAIage.（每次我们制作一个新视频、发一封电子邮件、发布一张我们最近吃的饭的照片，就像打开了一个永远关不掉的小灯泡这就引出了一个让人不舒服但又非常现代的问题为了拯救地球，我们应该减少数据的使用吗？考虑到现代生活在很大程度上依赖于数字数据，这个问题的答案可能是在人工智能时代高尚生活的一个关键方面户和第二段的“WhenyousendapostonMoments,it goesalong achain ofenergy-burning electronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange—the boxonthestreetcorner—and fromthere toatelecomscompany,and fromthere tohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Each ofthoserunsonelectricity,and itall addsup.（当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了广可知，作者指出每一次发送信总、发布照片等行为都会产生碳排放，因为这些行为都依赖于一系列耗电的电了设备故选A
9.推理判断题根据第二段内容“Why doposts producecarbon atall WhenyousendapostonMoments,it goesalong achainofenergy-burning electronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires to the localexchange一the boxon thestreetcorner-and fromtheretoatelecomscompany,and fromtheretohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Eachof thoserunsonelectricity,and italladdsup.（为什么帖子会产生碳呢？当你在朋友圈发一条帖子时，它会通过一系列耗能的电子设备你的Wi-Fi路由器通过电线将信号发送到本地交换机——街角的盒子——然后从那里发送到电信公司，再从那里发送到由科技巨头运营的大型数据中心每一个都是用电运行的，这些都加起来了户详细解释了数据发布过程小能源消耗的具体环节，包括数据从用户设备传输到数据中心的路径及共对电力的依赖因此推断这一段的主要目的是向读者传递信息，解释数据使用为何会产生碳排放故选B
10.词义猎测题根据下文“After all,who wouldlike to be someonethat cantget theirinfonnation properlybecause theyretoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprint of their searchesdown（毕竟，谁愿意成为一个因为忙于降低搜索的碳足迹而无法正确获取信息的人呢？）”和作者提到“This putseco-conscious consumersin abind.（这让有环保意识的消费者陷入了困境）”环保意识的消费者会in abind可推断,他们既希望减少碳足迹，又不想错过获取信息的机会因此，“ina bind”可以理解为“陷入困境:故选B
11.推理判断题最后一段“Still,theres somethingwe cando.When weface adigital decision,the lessdata-thirsty optionwilloftenbe thesmarterone.Blocking third-party trackingwhen were onthe web,for example,not onlyreduces thepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;its alsogood foryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe wedontneedto turneverythingintodata.If Iput downmy phonethe nexttime Vmon atrain,it wontsave theplanet.But rilbelookingout thewindowwithmyowneyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atall.（不过，我们还是有办法的当我们面临数字化决策时，对数据需求较少的选择往往是更明智的选择例如，当我们上网时阻止第三方跟踪，不仅减少了互联网浏览的功耗；这对你的隐私也有好处更根本的是，也许我们不需要把所有东西都变成数据如果我下次在火车上放下手机，那也不能拯救地球但我会用自己的眼睛看着窗外，创造一段完全不释放碳的记忆）”提到，尽管个人行为对整体环境影响有限，们我们仍可以在口常生活小做出更环保的选择，例如减少数据使用或关闭第一方追踪因此推断作者强调即使个人页献微小，也有价值故选CPassage5【湖北省武汉市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考JWhen science fiction andthe scienceof timemeet,they inviteus intoa deepexploration of the nature of time.Despite itspresence everywherein daily life,time remainsa mystery,with nodefinitive definition.Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut,a toolfor ourlimited brainstocomprehend change.The Englishlanguage frequentlyemploys thenountimej yet we lack a satisfactoryexplanation forit.Concerningtime,quantum量子mechanics and daily experiencesoften contradicteach other,suggesting timescomplexity andambiguous nature.Our mentalconception of time maynever correspondwith its reality in the universe,but thisshouldntstop us from exploring it.Many science fiction quotestouch ontime.Ray Cummings1919novel,The Girlin theGolden Atom,offers amemorablequote:“Time iswhat keepseverything fromhappening atonce/9implying timesstructural rolein theuniverse.Blake CrouchsRecursion presentsa contrastingview:Time is a falseimage,a conceptmade outof humanmemory,^^Robert CharlesWilsons Spinexplores various forms of time,from personalmeasurement tocosmic scales,emphasizing ourchallenging relationshipwith it.S.D.Unwins OneSecond PerSecond suggeststime aschaos within acosmic plan,with peopleand civilizationsas itsplaythings.Robert VS.Redicks VanishingPoint describes time as a trickdueto ourcomprehension of times flow.Captain Jean-Luc Picardfrom StarTrek says,“Time is a companionwho remindsus tocherish everymoment,“emphasizing itsvalue.David BrinsBrightness Reefdescribestimeas acruel judge,punishing eventhesuccessful andbrilliant.Stephen BaxtersThe TimeShips catchestimes frighteningnature,darkening humanachievementsin thevastness of time.Time travel,a majortopic ofscience fiction,is oftendiscussed.H.G.Wells1895novel The Time Machineposesthe enduringquestion ofwhether movingbackward andforward intime ispossible.These quotesfrom sciencefictionhighlight ourtroubled relationshipwith timeand encourageus tothink moredeeply aboutitsreality.
8.What isthe overalltone of the textA.Inquiring.B.Pessimistic.C.Persuasive.D.Definitive.
9.What canbe learnedabout timefrom paragraph2A.Time iseasy tounderstand buthas acomplex naturein science.B.Time isa commonconcept in dailylifewell correspondingwith scientificreality.C.Daily experiencesoften goagainst scientificunderstandings of time.D.Quantum physicshas noimpact onour understandingof time.
10.What doesStephen BaxtersThe TimeShips emphasizeA.Time as a companionwho remindsustocherish everymoment.B.The insignificanceof humansuccesses in the longhistory of time.C.The possibilityto movebackward andforward intime atwill.D.A falsebelief dueto ourcomprehension oftimes flow.
11.What doesthe textmainly talkaboutA.The historyoftimeand famousquotes insciencefiction.B.The definitionoftimein scientificterms andtime travel.C.The relationshipbetween timeanddailylife.D.The scienceoftimeand itsexploration insciencefiction.【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.B
11.D【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法
8.推理判断题根据第一段When sciencefiction andthe scienceoftimemeet,they inviteus intoa deepexploration ofthenature oftime.（当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质厂暗示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问接着，文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点，展示了人们对时间的不同理解和看法，进一步体现了这种探究的语气可知，文章的整体语调是探究式的故选A
9.推理判断题根据第二段“The Englishlanguage frequentlyemploys thenoun timeJyetwelackasatisfactoryexplanation forit.Concerning time,quantum（量子）mechanics anddaily experiencesoften contradicteach other,suggesting timescomplexity andambiguousnature.Our mentalconception oftime maynever correspondwith itsrealityin theuniverse,but thisshouldnt stopusfromexploringit.（英语中经常使用名词时间”，但我们缺乏一个令人满意的解释关于时间，量子力学和日常经验常常相互矛盾，表明时间的复杂性和模糊性我们对时间的心理概念可能永远不会与宇宙中的现实相符，但这不应该阻止我们探索它）“可知，日常经验常常与科学对时间的理解相违背故选C
10.推理判断题根据倒数第二段Stephen BaxtersTheTimeShips catchestimes frighteningnature,darkening humanachievementsin thevastness oftime.（史蒂芬・巴克斯特的《时间之船》抓住了时间令人恐惧的本质，在时间的浩瀚中遮蔽了人类的成就广可知，史蒂芬,巴克斯特的《时间之船》强调在漫长的历史长河中，人类成功的微不足道故选B
11.主旨大意题根据第一段“When sciencefiction andthe scienceoftimemeet,they inviteus intoa deepexploration ofthenatureoftime.Despite itspresence everywhereindailylife,time remainsamystery,with nodefinitive definition.Ourconcept oftimemay beamentalshortcut,a toolfor ourlimited brainsto comprehendchange.（当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质尽管时间在日常生活中无处不在，但它仍然是一个谜，没有明确的定义我们的时间概念可能是一种思维捷径，是我们有限的大脑理解变化的工具厂以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法可知，这篇文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索故选D（）Passage6【华中师范大学第一附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学】A waveof startupssay seaweed isasolution toclimatechange-able toabsorb atmosphericcarbon,provide rawmaterials forbiofuels,and feedthe world-no fertilizers（化月E）,fresh water,or evenland required.Running Tide,a Maine-based company,is workingon asystem thatwilleventually sinkthe buoys（浮标），attached withlong locksof seaweed,to thedeep ocean floor,where thecarbon theycontainwill remainstored for800years ormore.Running Tidewas foundedby MartyOdlin,an engineerand fourth-generation commercialfisherman.The GulfofMaine iswarming fasterthan nearlyevery otheroceanic region,and Odlinhas seenthe changesfirsthand.About15yearsago,Odlin hearda talkfrom Klaus Lackner-the physicist who popularisedthe idea of removing carbon fromtheatmosphere.It clicked.It waslike,oh,this isright becausetheres noway were going to getoff fossil（化石的）fuels inthe next50years,“he recallsthinking.We regoingto have to pull it down.”Using seaweedto drawdown carbonwould bean elegantsolution-if itworks.Seaweed forestscollectively coveran estimated two million square kilometers and absorb as much carbon as theAmazon rainforest.But muchof thatstorageis short-lived.When theseaweed isharvested,eaten byanimals,or washesashore,its storedcarbon isreleased back intothe atmosphere.Running Tidesmodel,in theoryat least,would takethat storedcarbon and sink it to the oceanfloor whereit wouldremain forcenturies,breaking downslowly.Some scientistsare carefulabout rushingahead beforefundamental scientific,environmental,and regulatoryquestions are answered.Climate changeis intensifying,and peopleare panicking,,9says KristenDavis,a professor ofUniversity of California Irvine,U€but thescience is not thereyet toactually confirmthat itsa goodidea.”
8.What canwelearn aboutRunning Tide*s systemA.It removescarbon fromseaweed.B・It turnsseaweed intofertilizers.物eI【2024全国甲卷】Animals canexpress theirneeds usinga lotof ways.For instance,almost allanimals havedistinctvocals（声音）that theyrely onto eitherask for help,scare awayany dangerousanimals orlook forshelter.But catsarespecial creatureswho possessamazing vocalizationskills.They are able to have entireconversations withhumans usingmeowsand youreable to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it willkeep meowingto attractattention andfind food.However,when acatislooking for affection,they tend to producestretched andsoft meows.Meowing startsas soonas ababy catisbrought to life and uses it to get the mothersattention andbe fed.Cats havemany heightenedsenses,but theirsense ofsmell isquite impressive.They usetheir nosesto assess theirenvironment andlook outfor anysigns ofdanger.They willsniff outspecific areasbefore theychoose aplace torelax.However,another waythe catsareable to distinguishbetween situationsis bylooking forfamiliar smells.Your catwilllikely smellyour faceand storethe smellin itsmemory anduse itto recognizeyou in the future.Thats whymost petcatsare ableto tellimmediately iftheir ownerswere aroundany othercats,which theydon*t usuallylike.Dogs areknown for their impressivefetching habit,but catstake thisbehavior up a notch.Many catswill findrandomobjects outside and bring them to their owners.This isa veryold habitthats beenpresent inall kindsof predators（食肉动物）.Cats bringgifts for their ownersto showthey loveyou.These adorablelittle huntersare justdoing somethingthatits been in theirnature sincethe beginningoftime.So justgo alongwith it!
4.What canbe learnedabout cats*meowing fromthe firstparagraphA.Its asurvival skill.B・Its taughtby mothercats.C.Its hardtointerpret.D.Its gettinglouder withage.
5.How doesapetcat assessdifferent situationsA.By listeningfor sounds.B.By touchingfamiliar objects.C.By checkingon smells.D.By communicatingwith othercats.
6.Which bestexplains thephrase take...up notchinparagraph3A.Perform appropriately.B.Move faster.C.Act strangely.D.Do better.C,It sinksseaweed into the oceanfloor.D.It storesseaweed asfood sources.
9.What didLacknefs speechlead Odlinto doA.Monitor changesin oceanicregions.B,Reduce commercialfishing industry.C.Set restrictionsonthe use offossil fuels.D.Remove carbonfromtheatmosphere.
10.What doesparagraph3mainly talkaboutA.Steps of a carbonreplacement method.B.The underlyinglogic ofsinking seaweeds.C.Examples ofmassive seaweedforests.D.The carbonabsorbing abilityof seaweeds.
11.Why doesthe authorquote KristenDavisA.To proveOdlins opinion.B・To emphasisethe climatecrisis.C.To advocatescientists cooperation.D.To presentthe issueobjectively.【答案】
8.C
9.D
10.B
11.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了利用海藻对抗气候变化的新兴创业项目和其背后的科学原理、挑战及专家观点
8.细节理解题根据第一段的Running Tide,a Maine-based company,is workingonasystem thatwill eventuallysinkthe buoys（浮标），attached withlong locksof seaweed,to thedeep oceanfloor（总部位于缅因州的奔潮公司正在研究一种系统，该系统最终将这些附着着长串海藻的浮标沉入海底户可知，该系统会将海草沉入海底故选C
9.细节理解题根据第二段的“About15years ago,Odlin hearda talkfrom KlausLackner-the physicistwho popularizedthe ideaofremovingcarbonfromtheatmosphere.It clicked.cIt waslike,oh,this isright becausetheres noway weregoingto getoff fossilfuels in thenext50years/he recallsthinking.Were goingto have topullitdown.（大约15年前，Odlin听了物理学家KlausLackner的演讲，Lackner普及了从大气中去除碳的想法Odlin听后觉得很有道理，认为在接下来的50年里，我们无法摆脱化石燃料，因此我们必须从大气中去除碳厂可知，Lackner的演讲促使Odlin想要从大气中去除碳故选D
10.主旨大意题根据第三段内容“Using seaweedto drawdown carbonwould bean elegantsolution-if itworks.Seaweed forestscollectively coveranestimatedtwomillionsquarekilometersandabsorbasmuchcarbonas theAmazon rainforest.But muchof thatstorage isshort-lived.When theseaweedisharvested,eaten byanimals,or washesashore,its storedcarbon isreleased backinto theatmosphere.Running Tidesmodel,in theoryat least,would takethatstored carbon andsinkitto theoceanfloorwhere it wouldremain forcenturies,breaking downslowly.使用海藻来减少碳排放将是一个优雅的解决方案——如果它有效的话海藻林总共覆盖了大约200万平方公里，吸收的碳与亚马逊雨林一样多但是大部分的储存都是短暂的当海藻被收割、被动物吃掉或被冲上岸时，其储存的碳被释放回大气中至少在理论上，奔流大潮的模型会把储存的碳带到海底，在那里它们可以保存数百年，慢慢分解厂可知，这段主要讲述了下沉海藻的基本逻辑，B选项“海藻下沉的潜在逻辑”可以概括本段的主要内容故选B
11.推理判断题根据最后一段的“Some scientistsare carefulabout rushingahead beforefundamental scientific,environmental,and regulatoryquestionsareanswered.Climate changeis intensifying,and peopleare panicking/saysKristen Davis,a professorof University ofCaliforniaIrvine,but thescience is not thereyet toactually confirmthat ifsagood idea/一些科学家对在基本的科学、环境和监管问题得到解答之前仓促行动持谨慎态度加州大学欧文分校教授克里斯汀•戴维斯说，气候变化正在加剧，人们感到恐慌，但科学还没有真正证实这是个好想法户可知，克里斯汀•戴维斯指出一些基础科学、环境和监管问题未解决前就匆忙推进利用海草解决气候变化问题并不明智，因为科学依据还不足，所以作者引用她的话是为了从另一个角度客观地呈现这一问题，避免只强调利用海草解决问题的积极面故选DPassage7【江苏省苏州中学、海门中学、姜堰中学、淮阴中学等四校2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】Two paralyzedpatients have been ableto walk short distances and even climb stairs afterbeing implantedwith electrodes电极in theirbrains.In aworld first,surgeons useda techniquecalled deepbrain stimulationto cre-awaken^^inactive nervefibers in thespinal cord and re-establish control of the leg muscles.The breakthroughcame afterneuroscientists at the SwissFederal TechnologyInstitute inLausanne EPFLused AItomap all the neuronsin the brain involved in helpingrats andmice walk.To theirsurprise,a regioncalled the lateralhypothalamus一known to be involvedin arousaland motivation-was foundto havea rolein walking.It wassounexpected that the finding was initially questioned by other scientists who peerreviewed thepaper for the journalNatureMedicine.After successfultests inrats andmice,the Swissteam thenimplanted electrodesin the lateral hypothalamusof thehumanpatients.The techniqueis carriedout whilepatients arewide awake.Only thencan surgeonsbe surethey havereachedthe rightarea in the brain,with the right strengthof stimulation.Professor JocelyneBloch,who carriedouttheoperations atLausanne UniversityHospital,said:Once theelectrodewas inplace andwe performedthe stimulation,the firstpatient immediatelysaid,4feel mylegs.When weincreasedthe stimulationshe said,I feelthe urgeto walk!Scientists believethelateralhypothalamus sendssignals downnerve fibresthat remainundamaged afterthespinal injury,which helpsengage theremaining nerveconnections andimprove neurologicalrecovery.The twopatients did not makea completerecovery from their injury,and wereonly ableto walkslowly overshortdistances witha stickor walker”.But theLausanne team hasalready shownit ispossible torestore movementby usingimplantsin the spinal cord.They hopethat stimulatingboth thespine andthe brainin futurewill enhancerecovery andhelppatients walkfurther andfaster.
8.What procedureallowed the patients toregain somemobilityA.Deep brainstimulation.B.Spinal cordrecovery.C.Leg musclesimprovement.D.Artificial intelligencemapping.
9.What was the firstreaction ofother scientiststothediscoveryA.Excitement.B.Skepticism.C.Acceptance.D.Indifference.
10.Why isthe techniqueperformed whilethe patientis awakeA.To minimizesuigical risks.B,To speedup theimplantation process.C.To confirm the correctspot andstimulation level.D.To ensurethepatientexperiences minimaldiscomfort.
11.What isthe best title of the passage
1.Artificial limbsare used for recovery
8.Brain parthas newroles inmovement
9.Regaining theability to walk requireshi-tech10Paralyzed patientswalk with brain electrodes【答案】
8.A
9.B
10.C
11.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了科学家利用深部脑刺激技术，在瘫痪患者大脑中植入电极，“唤醒”脊髓中不活跃神经纤维，使其恢复一定行动能力，还提及了相关研究过程11细节理解题根据第——段“Two paralyzedpatients have been abletowalkshort distancesand evenclimbstairsafterbeing implantedwith electrodes（电极）in theirbrains.In aworld first,surgeons useda techniquecalled deepbrainstimulation tocre-awaken9inactive nervefibers in thespinalcordandre establishcontrolof thelegmuscles.（两名瘫痪患者在大脑中植入电极后，能够短距离行走，甚至爬楼梯外科医生首次使用一种名为深部脑刺激的技术，“唤醒”脊髓中不活跃的神经纤维，并重新控制腿部肌肉）”可知，是深部脑刺激技术让患者恢复了一些行动能力故选A项12细节理解题根据第二段中“It wasso unexpectedthat thefindingwasinitiallyquestionedbyotherscientistswhopeerreviewed thepaper forthe journalNature Medicine.（这一发现如此出人意料，以至于最初为《自然医学》杂志审阅该论文的其他科学家对这一发现提出了质疑）“可知，其他科学家对这一发现的第一反应是怀疑故选B项
13.细节理由华题根据第三段中The techniqueis carriedout whilepatients arewide awake.Only thencan surgeonsbesure they have reachedthe rightarea in thebrain,with theright strengthof stimulation.（这项技术是在患者完全清醒的状态下进行的只有这样，外科医生才能确定他们已经到达了大脑中的正确区域，并给予了正确强度的刺激）”可知，在患者清醒时进行该技术是为了确认正确的位置和刺激水平故选C项
14.主旨大意题通读全文，结合第一段Two paralyzedpatientshavebeenabletowalkshortdistancesand evenclimbstairs afterbeing implantedwith electrodes（电极）in theirbrains.（两名瘫痪患者在大脑中植入电极后，能够短距离行走，甚至爬楼梯）”可知，本文主要介绍了通过在瘫痪患者大脑中植入电极实现短距离行走的研究故D项“Paralyzedpatients walkwithbrainelectrodes（瘫痪患者借助大脑电极行走）”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题故选D项（）Passage8【广东省红岭中学2024-2025学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】Fancy lettinga machinemediate（调解）yourargument It could be the latestapplication forAI asresearchers revealits mysteriousrecipe forfinding commonground inculturewar conflicts.Scientists atGoogles DeepMind project designed what they call the Habermas Machine,a largelanguage AIinspired by German philosopher Jurgen Habermas9theory ofcommunicative action-theideathat common understandingfosters cooperation.It worksby takingdiffering writtenviews ona contentious（争议的）topic andcoming up withasetof statementsdesigned tokeep everyonehappy.Researchers found that themachines musings（想法）were preferred56%of thetime comparedto statementsproducedby humanmediators.Participants alsofound theAI response to be more logicaland informative.Study co-authorProf ChrisSummerfield,fromthe UniversityofOxford,said:Helping peoplefind agreementisa new frontierfor ALInthe event,we found that it was notonly asgood asbut betterthan humanstryingtodothe same job/9Summerfield believesthe processof interactingthrough theAI modelhelps overcomethe drawbacks of traditionaldebatingchambers such as publicmeetings andsocial media.People canventure theseprivate beliefs,he explained.Theyre notput in the positionwhere theyhave totry andlook cleveror feellike theyhave to win an argument irrespectiveofwhat theyreally think.We wereamazed athow articulatepeople were.They weresensible andmoderate.I betthatwhat happenson Twitter/X,for example,is thatthe processlends itselfto digitalpreening（得意）Part of the modelssuccess,he says,lies inits determinationto give special weight to disagreeing opinion.Ratherthan siding with the majority,it allowedminority voicesto feel heard.A lotof policymakingis aboutfinding goodcompromises,right^^he says.And youcan only fit so many people around the table.If youwant avery inclusiveprocess,then youneed lotsof people to participate.I wouldlove tosee thistool used to giveus alla better opinion ofwhatpeople thinkabout everything,which Ithink wouldprobably-on balance-beagood thing.”
12.What istheoretical basisfortheHabermas MachineA.Mutual trustoriginates fromcooperation.B.Finding commonground isequal tosettling conflicts.C.Resolving disagreementshelps winargument.D.Shared agreementpromotes cooperation.
13.Which mightbethedisadvantage oftraditional mediationA.Failing toshow cleverness.B.Strong desiretowinregardless oftrue thoughts.C.Being toocasual to share secretthoughts.D.Making peopleextreme andunreasonable.
14.Which of the followinghelps thesuccess oftheHabermas MachineA.Supporting thebeliefs ofthe majority.B.Logical responsewith usefulinformation.C.Allowing themajority voicesto beheard.D.Completely ignoringdisagreeing ideas.
15.What doesSummerfield suggestabout theHabermas MachineA.Applying itto moresituations.B,Involving more peoplein the research.C.Finding goodcompromises forit.D.Offering a betteropinion of itsprocess.【答案】
12.D
13.B
14.B
15.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了由Google的DeepMind项目研究人员设计的Habermas Machine——以AI为基础的调解科技，能够更好地帮助人类解决现实的纷争文章阐述了它的原理、实验结果和潜能应用
12.细节理解题根据第二段中的Scientists atGoogles DeepMindprojectdesignedwhat theycall the HabermasMachine,a largelanguage AIinspiredbyGermanphilosopherJurgen Habermas9theory ofcommunicative action一theidea thatcommonunderstandingfosters cooperation.（谷歌，深度思维，项目的科学家们设计了他们所谓的HabermasMachine,这是一种大型语言人工智能，灵感来自德国哲学家JurgenHabermas的交流行为理论------------------------------即共同理解促进合作户可知，Habermas Machine的理论基础是达成共识有利于促进合作故选D项
13.推理判断题根据第四段中的Summerfield believesthe processof interactingthrough theAI modelhelps overcomethedrawbacksoftraditional debatingchambers suchas publicmeetings andsocial media.People canventure theseprivatebeliefs,he explained.Theyre notput in the positionwhere theyhavetotry andlook cleveror feellike theyhave towin anargumentirrespective ofwhattheyreally think.（萨莫菲尔德认为，通过人工智能模型进行互动的过程有助于克服公开会议和社交媒体等传统辩论室的缺点‘人们可以大胆尝试这些私人信仰’他解释说‘他们没有被置于必须努力看起来聪明的位置，或者觉得他们必须赢得一场争论，而不管他们真正的想法是什么‘户可知，相比于传统的在房间辩论或者在社媒上辩论，通过人工智能模型进行互动人们更愿意大胆说出私人想法，他们不会处于那种想让自己看起来聪明一点，或者为了赢得辩论不计自己真实想法的境地；由此可推知，传统调解的缺点是无论真实想法如何，都强烈渴望获胜，人们为了赢，会不在乎真实想法故选B项
14.细节理解题根据第三段中的“Participants alsofound theAI responseto bemore logicaland informative.（#与者认为AI的回应非常有逻辑也有很多有用信息）”和第五段中的“Part ofthe modelssuccess,he says,lies initsdetermination to givespecialweighttodisagreeingopinion.Rather thansidingwith themajority,it allowedminorityvoices tofeelheard.（它的成功在于这个机器坚决考虑到了异议，不是一味迎合大多数人，也让小众群体的声音被听到）”以及结合四个选项的表述可知，B项“逻辑响应，并具有有用的信息”是帮助Habermas Machine成功的原因之一故选B项
15.推理判断题根据最后一段中的A lotof policymakingis aboutfinding goodcompromises,right hesays.“Andyou canonlyfitso manypeoplearoundthe table.If youwant avery inclusiveprocess,then youneed lotsof peopletoparticipate.I wouldlove tosee thistool usedtogiveus allabetteropinionofwhat peoplethink abouteverything,which Ithink wouldprobably—on balance—beagood thing.彳艮多政策制J定都是为了找到好的妥协，对吧？‘他说‘你只能让这么多人坐在桌子旁如果你想要一个非常包容的过程，那么你需要很多人参与我很乐意看到这个工具能让我们更好地了解人们对所有事情的看法，我认为总的来说，这可能是一件好事了可推知，Summerfield建议将HabermasMachine这个AI工具用于更多的场合，给参与人提供更好的建议，从而达成共识，解决纷争故选A项（）Passage1[2024新课标I卷】In therace todocument thespecies onEarth beforethey goextinct,researchers andcitizenscientists havecollected billionsof records.Today,most records of biodiversityare ofteninthe form ofphotos,videos,and otherdigital records.Though they are usefulfor detectingshifts inthe numberand varietyof speciesinanarea,a newStanfordstudy hasfound thatthis typeof recordisnotperfect.“With therise oftechnology it iseasyfbr peopleto makeobservations ofdifferent specieswith theaid of a mobileapplication,said BarnabasDaru,who islead authorofthestudy andassistant professorof biologyintheStanford SchoolofHumanities andSciences.These observationsnow outnumberthe primaiydata thatcomes fromphysical specimens（标本），and sincewe are increasingly usingobservational datato investigatehow speciesare responding to globalchange,I wantedto know:Are theyusable”Using aglobal datasetof
1.9billion recordsof plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru andhis teamtested howwellthese datarepresent actualglobal biodiversitypatterns.“We wereparticularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tendto bias（使有偏差）data,like thegreater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant insteadofthe grass rightnext toit J said Daru.Their studyrevealed thatthe largenumber ofobservation-only recordsdidnotlead to better globalcoverage.Moreover,these dataare biasedand favorcertain regions,time periods,and species.This makessense becausethe peoplewho get observationalbiodiversity dataon mobiledevices are often citizenscientists recordingtheir encounterswithspecies inareas nearby.These dataare alsobiased towardcertain specieswith attractiveor eye-catching features.What canwedowith theimperfect datasetsof biodiversity“Quite a lot；Daru explained.Biodiversity appscan useour studyresultstoinform usersof oversampledareas and leadthem toplaces-and evenspecies-that arenot well-sampled.To improvethe qualityof observational data,biodiversity appscan also encourage users tohavean expert confirmthe identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What dowe knowabout the recordsofspecies collectednowA.They arebecoming outdated.B.They aremostly inelectronic form.C.They arelimited innumber.D.They areusedforpublic exhibition.
33.What doesDarns studyfocus onA.Threatened species.B.Physical specimens.C.Observational data.D.Mobile applications.
34.What hasled tothe biasesaccording tothe studyA.Mistakes indata analysis.B.Poor qualityof uploadedpictures.C.Improper wayof sampling.D.Unreliable datacollection devices.
35.What isDarus suggestionfbr biodiversityappsA.Review datafrom certainareas.B.Hire expertsto checktherecords.C.Confirm theidentity ofthe users.D.Give guidanceto citizenscientists.【答案】
32.B
33.C
34.C
35.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见,建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据【32题详解】细节理解题根据第一段Today,most recordsof biodiversityareofteninthe form ofphotos,videos,andother digitalrecords.（今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现）“可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的故选B【33题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“These observationsnow outnumberthe primarydata thatcomes fromphysicalspecimens（标本），and sincewe areincreasingly usingobservationaldatato investigatehow speciesare respondingtoglobal change,I wantedto know:Are theyusable（这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道它们有用吗广和第四段“Wewere particularly interestedin exploringthe aspectsof samplingthat tendto bias（使有偏差）data,like thegreater（likelihood of a citizenscientist totake apicture of a floweringplant insteadofthegrass rightnext toit Jsaid Daru.Dani说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草”户可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据故选C【34题详解】细节理解题根据第四段“We wereparticularly interestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,like thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnext toit Jsaid Daru.（Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草”厂以及第五段“This makessense becausethe peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversity dataon mobiledevices areoften citizenscientists recordingtheir encounterswith speciesin areasnearby.（这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触）”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当故选Co【35题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段Biodiversity appscan useour studyresultstoinform usersof oversampledareasandleadthem toplaces一and evenspecies一that arenot well-sampled.To improvethe qualityof observationaldata,biodiversityapps canalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.（生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方,甚至是物种为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份广可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导故选D（）Passage2【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas traindoesnt acceptpassengers一it acceptsonly thesick.The Saint Lukas isoneof five government-sponsored medicaltrains thattravel toremote townsin central and eastern Russia.Each stoplasts anaverage of two days,and duringthat timethe doctors and nurseson boardprovide rural（村）populations withbasicmedical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions.“People startedqueuing to make anappointment earlyinthemorning,“says EmileDucke,a Germanphotographerwho traveledwith thestaff ofthe Saint Lukas fora two-week tripin Novemberthrough thevastregions（区域）ofKrasnoyarsk andKhakassia.Russias publichealth careservice has been inserious needof modernization.The governmenthas struggledto comeupwith measures to address the problem,particularly inthe poorer,rural areaseast ofthe Volga River,including arrangingdoctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs tomotivate doctorsto practicemedicine inremote parts ofthe country like Krasnoyarsk.The annualarrival ofthe SaintLukas isanother attemptto improvethe situation.For10months everyyear,the trainstops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returningtotheregional capitalto refueland restock（补给）.Then itstartsall overagain thenext month.Most stationswait abouta yearbetween visits.Doctors seeup to150patients every day.The trainsequipment allowsfor basiccheckups.I wasvery impressedbythe doctorsand their assistants working and livingin suchlittle spacebut stillstaying focusedand veryconcerned JsaysDucke.They were the bestchance fbrmany ruralpeopleto get the treatment they want.”
8.How isthe SaintLukasdifferent fromother trainsA.It runsacross countries.B.It reservesseats forthe seniors.C.It functionsasahospital.D.It travelsalongariver.
9.What canwe inferfrom paragraph3about KrasnoyarskA.It isheavily populated.B.It offerstraining fordoctors.C.It isa moderncity.D.It needsmedical aid.
10.How longcan theSaintLukaswork withone supplyA.About ayear.B.About tenmonths.C.About twomonths.D.About twoweeks.
11.What isDuckes attitudetoward theSaintLukasservicesA.Appreciative.B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.【答案】
8.C
9.D
10.D
11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件【8题详解】细节理解题，根据文章第一段The SaintLukas isoneoffivegovernment-sponsored medicaltrains thattravel toremotetowns incentralandeasternRussia.Each stoplasts anaverageoftwodays,and duringthat timethe doctorsand nursesonboard providerural（乡村）populations withbasic medicalcare,X-ray scansand prescriptions.（圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇每一站平均停留两天，在此
7.What isa suitabletitle forthe textA.Tips onFinding aSmart CatB.Understanding YourCats BehaviorC.Have Funwith YourCat D.How toKeep YourCat Healthy【答案】
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱忌O【4题详解】细节理解题根据第一段“Animals canexpress theirneeds usinga lotof ways.For instance,almost allanimals havedistinctvocals（声音）that theyrely onto eitherask forhelp,scare awayany dangerousanimals orlook forshelter动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护）和Meowing startsas soonasababy catis broughttolifeandusesittogetthemothers attentionandbe fed.（猫宝宝一出生就开始嗜哺叫，嗜哺叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食厂可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能故选A【5题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“Cats havemany heightenedsenses,but theirsense ofsmell isquite impressive.They usetheirnoses toassesstheirenvironment andlook outfor anysigns ofdanger.（猫有许多敏锐的感官,但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象厂可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况故选C【6题详解】词句猜测题根据第三段划线词前半句Dogs areknown fortheir impressivefetching habit,（狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名）”和后句“Many catswill findrandom objectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.（许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人户可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼短语take…upanotch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色故选D【7题详解】主旨大意题根据第一段“Animals canexpress theirneeds usingalotof ways.（动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求）”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义所以“Understanding YourCafs Behavior（了解你的猫的行为）”作文文章标题最期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方户可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院因此选C【9题详解】推理判断题，第三段提至『Russias publichealth careservice hasbeeninserious needof modernization.The governmenthas struggledto comeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthe poorer,rural areaseastof theVolgaRiver,including arrangingdoctorsappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivate doctorsto practicemedicine inremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D【1题详解】细节理解题，根据第四段“For10months everyyear,the trainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,before returningtotheregional capitalto refueland restock（补给）（每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站,然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货）”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D【11题详解】推断判断题根据最后一段的I wasvery impressedby thedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivingin suchlittle spacebut stillstaying focusedand veryconcerned,says Ducke.They were the bestchance formany ruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”（“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，Ducke说这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会「了可知，Ducke对SaintLukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选APassage3【2024新课标I I卷】We allknow freshis bestwhen itcomes tofood.However,most produceatthestore wentthroughweeks oftravel andcovered hundredsof milesbefore reachingthetable.While farmer^markets area solidchoiceto reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm BMFshortens iteven more.BMF isan indoorgarden system.It canbe setup fora family.Additionally,it couldserve a larger audiencesuchasahospital,restaurant orschool.The innovativedesign requireslittle effortto achievea reliableweekly supplyof freshgreens.Specifically,itsafarm thatrelies onnew technology.By connectingthrough theCloud,BMF isremotely monitored.Also,there isa convenient app thatprovides growingdata in real time.Because the system isautomated,it significantlyreduces theamount of water neededto growplants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,the systemprovidesjust theright amount to each plant.After harvest,users simplyreplace theplants withanewpre-seeded pod（容器）to getthenext growthcycle started.Moreover,having asystem inthesamebuilding whereits eatenmeans zeroemissions（排放）fromtransporting plantsfrom soilto salad.Tn addition,there9snoneed fbrpesticides andother chemicalsthat pollutetraditionalfarms andthe surroundingenvironment.BMF employeeslive out sustainability in their everyday lives.About halfof themwalk orbike to work.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cansand avoiding single-use plastic.“We arepassionate aboutreducing waste,carbon andchemicals in our environment/said aBMF employee.
8.What canbe learnedabout BMFfrom paragraph1A.It guaranteesthe varietyof food.C.It cutsthe farm-to-table distance.B.It requiresday-to-day care.
9.What informationdoestheconvenientappoffer D.It relieson farmer^markets.A.Real-time weatherchanges.C.Chemical pollutantsinthesoil.B.Current conditionoftheplants.
10.What canbe concludedabout BMF employees D.Availability ofpre-seeded pods.A.They havea greatpassion forsports.B.They aredevoted tocommunity service.C.They arefond ofsharing dailyexperiences.D Theyhaveastrong environmentalawareness.
11.What doesthetextmainly talkaboutA.BMFs majorstrengths.C.BMFs globalinfluence.B.BMFs generalmanagement.【答案】
8.C
9.B
10.D
11.A D.BMFs technicalstandards.【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等【8题详解】细节理解题根据第一段While farmersmarkets area solidchoice toreduce thejourney,Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens iteven more.（虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程户可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离故选C【9题详解】细节理解题根据第三段“Also,there isa convenientapp thatprovides growingdata inreal time.（此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据户可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据故选Bo30题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段“BMF employeeslive outsustainability intheir everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbike towork.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingle-use plastic.We arepassionate aboutreducing waste,carbon andchemicals inour environment,said aBMFemployee.（BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费BMF的一名员工表示“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品”厂可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识故选D【11题详解】主旨大意题根据第一段“While farmersmarkets area solidchoice toreducethejourney,Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens iteven more.（虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程）“、第三段By connectingthrough theCloud,BMF isremotely monitored.Also,there isa convenientapp thatprovides growingdatainrealtime.Because thesystem isautomated,it significantlyreducestheamount ofwater neededto growplants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,thesystemprovides justtherightamounttoeachplant.（通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量）以及最后一段“BMFemployees liveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbiketowork.Inside theoffice,theyencourage recyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-use plastic.6CWe arepassionateabout reducingwaste,carbonandchemicals inour environment/9said aBMFemployee.（BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费BMF的一名员工表示“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等故选APassage4[2024浙江1月卷】On September7,1991,the costliesthailstorm（雹暴）in Canadianhistory hitCalgarys southernsuburbs.As aresult,since1996a groupof insurance companies havespent about$2million peryear onthe Alberta HailSuppression Project.Airplanes seedthreatening storm cells witha chemicalto makesmall icecrystals fallas rain beforethey cangrow intodangerous hailstones.But farmersin east-central Alberta—downwind ofthe hail project flights-worry thatprecious moisture（水分）is beingstolen fromtheir thirstyland bythe cloud seeding.Norman Stienwand,who farmsin that area,hasbeenaddressing publicmeetings onthis issuefor years“Basically,the provincialgovernment isletting theinsurance companiesprotect theCalgary-Edmonton urbanarea fromhail JMr.Stienwan dsays,but they,reincreasingdrought riskas fareast asSaskatchewan.The Albertahailprojectis managedby TerryKrauss,a cloudphysicistwhoworks forWeather ModificationInc.ofFargo,North Dakota.We affectonly avery smallpercentage ofthe totalmoisture inthe air,so wecannot becousingdrought.^^Dr.Krauss says.“In fact,we maybe helpingincrease themoisture downwindby creatingwetter ground.^^One doubterabout thesafety ofcloud seedingis ChuckDoswell,a researchscientist whojust retired from theUniversityof Oklahoma.In1999,I personallysaw significanttornadoes（龙卷风）form froma seededstormcell inKansas；Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding createkiller stormsor reducemoisture downwind No one really knows,of course,but theseeding goeson.^^Given thedegree ofdoubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,it would be wiseto stopcloud seeding.^^In practice,doubt hashad the opposite effect.Due tothe lackof scientificproof concerningtheir impacts,no onehas succeeded in winning alawsuit againstcloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climateengineering canproceed inrelative
8.What doesthe projectaim todoA.Conserve moistureinthesoil.B.Prevent theformation ofhailstones.C.Forecast disastroushailstorms.D.Investigate chemicaluse infarming.
9.Who areopposed tothe projectA.Farmers in east-central Alberta.B.Managers of insurancecompanies.C.Provincial governmentofficials.D.Residents ofCalgary andEdmontonlegal safety.
10.Why doesDr.Doswell mentionthe tornadoeshe sawin1999A.To comparedifferent kindsof seedingmethods.B.To illustratethe developmentof bighailstorms.C.To indicatea possibledanger ofcloudseeding.D.To showthe linkbetween stormsand moisture.
11.What canwe inferfromthelast paragraphA.Scientific studieshave provedStienwand right.B.Private climateengineering isillegal inCanada.C.The doubtabout cloudseeding hasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seeding companieswill continueto exist.【答案】
8.B
9.A
10.C
11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走【8题详解】细节理解题根据第一段中“As aresult,since1996a groupofinsurancecompanies havespent about$2million peryear ontheAlbertaHailSuppression Project.Airplanes seedthreatening stormcells witha chemicaltomakesmall icecrystals fallasrainbeforethey cangrow intodangerous hailstones.（因止匕，自1996年以来，——组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下）“可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成故选B项【9题详解】细节理解题根据第一段中“But farmersineast-central Alberta一downwind ofthe hailproject flights-worry thatpreciousmoisture（水分）is beingstolen fromtheir thirstyland bythe cloudseeding4但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走广可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目故选A项【10题详解】推理判断题根据倒数第二段One doubterabout thesafety ofcloudseedingis ChuckDoswell,a researchscientist whojustretiredfromtheUniversityof Oklahoma.uIn1999,I personallysaw significanttornadoes（龙卷风）form fromaseeded stormcellinKansas,Dr.Doswell says.Does cloudseeding createkiller stormsor reducemoisturedownwindNoonereallyknows,of course,but theseeding goeson.”（查克•多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续“厂可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险故选C项【11题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段Given thedegree ofdoubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,it wouldbe wiseto stopcloudseeding.^^In practice,doubt hashadtheoppositeeffect.Due tothe lackof scientificproof concerningtheir impacts,noone hassucceededinwinningalawsuit againstcloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climateengineering canproceedin relativelegal safety.（考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行厂可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在故选D项Passage
（5）[2024北京卷】Franz Boassdescription ofInuit（因纽特人）life inthe19th centuryillustrates theprobable moral code of early humans.Here,norms（规范）were unwrittenand rarely expressed clearly,but werewell understoodand takento heart.Dishonest andviolent behavioursweredisapproved of;leadership,marriage and interactions withother groupswere loosely governed by traditions.Conflict wasoften resolved in musical battles.Because arguingangrily leadsto chaos,it wasstrongly discouraged.With life in theunforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuifspractical approach to morality made good sense.The similarityof moralvirtues acrosscultures isstriking,even thoughthe relativeranking ofthe virtuesmay varywitha socialgroups historyand environment.Typically,cruelty andcheating arediscouraged,while cooperation,humbleness andcourage arepraised.These universalnorms farpre-date theconcept ofany moralisingreligion orwrittenlaw.Instead,they arerooted inthe similarityof basichuman needsand ourshared mechanismsfor learningand problemsolving.Our social instincts（本能）include theintense desireto belong.The approvalof othersis rewarding,while theirdisapprovalis stronglydisliked.These socialemotions prepareour brainsto shapeour behaviouraccording tothe normsandvalues of our familyand ourcommunity.More generally,socialinstinctsmotivate usto leamhow to behave inasocially complexworld.The mechanisminvolves arepurposed rewardsystem originallyusedtodevelop habitsimportant for self-care.Our brainsusethesystem toacquire behaviouralpatterns regardingsafe routeshome,efficient foodgathering anddangersto avoid.Good habitssave time,energy andsometimes yourlife.Good socialhabits dosomething similarina socialcontext.We learnto tellthe truth,even whenlying isself-serving;we helpa grandparenteven whenit isinconvenient.Weacquire whatwe calla senseof rightand wrong.Social benefitsare accompaniedby socialdemands:we mustget along,but notput upwith toomuch.Henceself-discipline isadvantageous.In humans,a greatlyenlarged brainboosts self-control,just asit boostsproblem-solvingskills inthe socialas wellasthephysical world.These abilitiesare strengthenedby ourcapacity forlanguage,whichallows socialpractices todevelop inextremely unobviousways.A.Living conditionswerethedrive.B.Unwritten ruleswerethetarget.C.Social traditionwasthebasis.D.Honesty wasthe key.
33.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.Inconveniences are the causeof tellinglies.B.Basic human needs lead to universalnorms.C.Language capacityis limitedby self-control.D.Written lawshave greatinfluence onvirtues.
34.Which wouldbethebest titlefor thispassageA.Virtues:Bridges AcrossCulturesB.The Valuesof Self-disciplineC.Brains:Walls AgainstChaosD.The Rootsof Morality【答案】
32.C
33.B
34.D
32.What canbe inferredabout theforming ofthe Inuifsmoralcode【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论,介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中【32题详解】推理判断题根据第一段Here,norms（规范）were unwrittenandrarelyexpressedclearly,but werewell understoodandtaken toheart.Dishonest andviolent behaviourswere disapprovedof;leadership,marriage and interactions withothergroups werelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflict wasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Because arguingangrily leadstochaos,it wasstrongly discouraged.With lifeintheunforgivingNorthernCanadabeingsodemanding,the Inuitspracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.（在这里，规范是不成文的，彳艮少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理厂可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的故选c项[33题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“These universalnorms farpre-date theconceptofany moralisingreligion orwritten law.Instead,theyarerooted inthe similarityof basichumanneedsand ourshared mechanismsfor learningand problemsolving.（这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制厂可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成故选B项【34题详解】主旨大意题根据第一段Franz Boassdescription ofInuit（因纽特人）lifeinthe19th centuryillustrates theprobablemoral codeofearlyhumans.（弗朗兹・博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则厂以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源“适合作为文章标题故选D项Passage6【2024浙江1月卷】The Stanfordmarshmallow（棉花糖）test wasoriginally conductedby psychologistWalterMischel inthelate1960s.Children agedfour tosix ata nurseryschool wereplaced ina room.A singlesugary treat,selected bythe child,was placedonatable.Each childwas toldif theywaited for15minutes beforeeating thetreat,theywould begiven a second treat.Then theywere leftalone inthe room.Follow-up studieswith the children laterin lifeshoweda connection betweenan abilityto waitlong enoughto obtainasecond treat andvariousformsof success.As adultswefacea versionofthemarshmallow testevery day.We renot tempted（诱惑）by sugary treats,but byour computers,phones,and tablets一allthedevices thatconnect ustotheglobal deliverysystem forvarious types ofinformation thatdo tous whatmarshmallows do to preschoolers.We aretempted by sugarytreatsbecause ourancestors livedinacalorie-poor world,and ourbrains developedaresponse mechanismto thesetreats thatreflected theirvalue一a feelingof rewardand satisfaction.But asweve reshapedthe world around us,dramatically reducingthe costand effortinvolvedin obtaining calories,we stillhave thesame brainswe had thousands of years ago,and thismismatch isattheheart of why somany of us struggle to resist tempting foods thatwe knowwe shouldnteat.A similarprocess isat workinourresponsetoinformation.Our formativeenvironment asa specieswasinformation-poor,so ourbrains developeda mechanismthat prizednew information.But globalconnectivity hasgreatlychanged ourinformation environment.We arenow ceaselesslybombarded（轰炸）with newinformation.Therefore,just aswe needtobemore thoughtfulabout ourcaloric consumption,we alsoneedtobemore thoughtful aboutourinformation consumption,resisting thetemptation ofthe mentaljunk fdod“in orderto manage our time mosteffectively.
12.What didthechildrenneedtodo toget asecond treatin MischelstestA.Take anexamination alone.B.Show respectfortheresearchers.C.Share theirtreats withothers.D.Delay eatingfor fifteenminutes.
13.According toparagraph3,there isa mismatchbetween.A.the calorie-poor worldand ourgood appetitesB.the shortageof sugarand ournutritional needsC.the richfood supplyand ourunchanged brainsD.the temptingfoodsand ourefforts tokeep fit
14.What doesthe authorsuggest readersdoA.Absorb newinformation readily.B.Be selectiveinformation consumers.C.Use diverseinformation sources.D.Protect theinformation environment.
15.Which ofthe followingisthebest titleforthetextA.Eat Less,Read MoreB.The BitterTruth aboutEarly HumansC.The Later,the BetterD.The MarshmallowTest forGrownups【答案】
12.D
13.C
14.B
15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍【12题详解】细节理解题根据第一段第四句Each childwas toldif theywaited for15minutes beforeeating thetreat,they wouldbegiven asecondtreat.（每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励）”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励故选D【13题详解】细节理解题根据第三段最后——句But asweve reshapedtheworldaroundus,dramatically reducingthe costand effortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,we stillhave thesame brainswehadthousandsofyearsago,and thismismatch isat theheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatwe knowwe shouldnteat.（但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因厂可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配故选C【14题详解】细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句Therefore,just aswe needtobemore thoughtfulabout ourcaloric consumption,wealso needtobemorethoughtfulabout ourinformation consumption,resisting thetemptation ofthe mentaljunk food,,inorder tomanageourtimemosteffectively4因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神垃圾食品’的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间户可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者故选B【15题详解】主旨大意题根据第二段“As adultswefacea versionofthemarshmallow testeveryday.We renot tempted（诱惑）bysugarytreats,but byourcomputers,phones,and tablets-allthedevices thatconnect ustotheglobal deliverysystem forvarioustypesofinformation thatdotous whatmarshmallows doto preschoolers.（作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样）”可知,文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品故选D为合适故选B说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读一般我们采用的方法有三个细读、略读和跳读
（1）细读重点重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多宏观方面文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句微观方面有转折处；重要标点；句子主干
（2）有选择地略读或跳读在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括1繁琐的例证为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过2并列多项列举有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读3无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过
④较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力雪式[2025届河北省石家庄市第一中学高三下学期一模】Envision afuturistic rooftopgarden soastute thatit iscapableof discerningthe optimalmoments tohoard waterin anticipationof aridconditions,and whento expelwater toavertinundation.Now,such intelligentroofs aretransitioning fromthe realmof fantasyto realityintheNetherlands.With asubstantial portionofthenation situatedbelow sealeveL theNetherlands haslong beenacquainted withtheperils offlooding.The adventof climatechange hasushered inan eraof moreextreme meteorologicalphenomena,including torrentialdownpours andperiods ofdrought,compelling thecity of Amsterdam tocontemplate novelstrategiesfor self-preservation,and itis withinthis contextthat Resilioemerges asa pivotalplayer.As perthe assertionson theirofficial website,Resilio isengaged inthe constructionof blue-green roofsacross theexpanseof Amsterdam.In conjunctionwiththelocal governmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018through to2022,theyhave installedspecialized roofingsystems inthe neighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremost vulnerabletotheravages offlooddamage.These roofs are composedofamultitude ofstrata.Paramount amongthese layersisthewater retentionlayer.During episodesof copiousrainfall,this layerserves toaccumulate therainwater thatwouldotherwise inundate the streets,andintimes ofdrought,it channelsits storedwater tonourish thegarden situatedontheuppermost layer.It isthisparticular layerthat distinguishesthe blue-green roofsfromtheirconventional greencounterparts.Research indicatesthatblue-green roofspossess thecapacity tocapture asmuch as97%of extremerainfall,in starkcontrast tothe mere12%thatregular green roofs canretain.However,what trulysets Resilio roofs apartis theirsophisticated systems.An arrayof blue-green roofsareinterconnected viaadigitalcommunication network,thereby enablingeach rooftobemanipulated independently,respondingtothe volumeofwateramassed onthat specificroof asthe situationdemands.Each roofis alsoequipped withavalve thatis linkedtoacomputerized systemknown asthe DecisionSupport SystemDSS.The DSSinterfaces withlocal weather prognostications to determine whether thevalve ona particularroof shouldbe opened,allowing water to bedischarged ina controlled and gradual manner intothe sewerage system,or whetherit shouldremain sealedto collecttheimpending rain.These innovationsarethehallmarks thatrender Resiliotruly revolutionary.Blue-green roofsexemplify thattheremedies tothe hazardsposed byclimatechangenecessitate ablend ofcreativity anda multifacetedapproach,operatingon variouslevels tomitigate theadverse effectsofourchanging environment.
8.What maydirectly lead tothebuilding ofResilioroofsin AmsterdamA.The increasingdisasters.B.The citysfinancial suffering.C.The ever-rising sealevel.D.The citysgeographic advantage.
9.What dowe knowabout thewater retentionlayer ofResilio roofsA.They areslow todrought.B.They areabsolutely perfect.C.They servea doublepurpose.D.They cantrap solarenergy.
10.What isthe mainfunctionofthe DSSaccording tothe textC.To helpthesewersystem work.D.To connectthe digitalnetwork.A.To collectweather information.B.To controltheuseofthevalve.
11.What mightbethebesttitleof thispassageA.Smart roofsystems becominga realityin AucklandB.Resilio blue-green roofsystems preventing disastersC.The workingprinciple ofthe blue-greenroofsystemsD.The differencesbetween Resilioroofs andregular greenroofs【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.B
11.B【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了荷兰阿姆斯特丹的Resilio公司如何通过建设蓝绿屋顶系统来应对气候变化带来的洪水和干旱问题
8.细节理解题根据第二段中“The adventof climatechange hasushered inan eraof moreextreme meteorologicalphenomena,including torrentialdownpours andperiods ofdrought,compelling thecity ofAmsterdam tocontemplatenovel strategiesforself-preservation,and itis withinthis contextthat Resilioemerges asa pivotalplayer.（气候变化的到来开启了一个更极端气象现象的时代，包括暴雨和干旱期，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考虑新的自我保护策略，Resilio在这一背景下成为关键角色厂可知，建造Resilio屋顶的直接原因是日益增加的灾害故选A项
9.细节理解题根据第四段中“During episodesof copiousrainfall,this layerserves toaccumulate therainwater thatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimes ofdrought,it channelsits storedwater tonourish thegarden situatedonthe uppermostlayer.（在大量降雨期间，这一层会积聚本会淹没街道的雨水，在干旱时期，它将储存的水引导到最上层的花园中）“可知，蓄水层具有双重功能故选C项
10.细节理解题根据第五段中“The DSSinterfaces withlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthe valveona particularroof shouldbe opened,allowing watertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintothesewerage system,or whetherit shouldremain sealedto collectthe impendingrain.（DSS与当士也天气预测接口，以确定特定屋顶上的阀门是否应该打开，允许水以受控和渐进的方式排放到下水道系统，或者是否应该保持密封以收集即将到来的雨水）“可知，DSS的主要功能是控制阀门的使用故选B项
11.主旨大意题根据文章大意以及第一段“Envision afuturistic rooftopgarden soastute thatitiscapable ofdiscerningthe optimalmoments tohoard waterin anticipationof aridconditions,and whento expelwatertoavert inundation.Now,such intelligentroofsaretransitioning fromthe realmof fantasyto realityintheNetherlands.（设想一个未来的屋顶花园，它是如此精明，能够辨别出在干旱条件下储存水的最佳时机，以及何时排水以避免洪水泛滥现在，在荷兰，这种智能屋顶正从幻想变为现实广可知，整篇文章都在介绍Resilio的蓝绿屋顶系统如何防止灾害文章详细讨论了这些屋顶的结构、功能和创新之处由此可知,B选项Resilio blue-greenroof systemspreventingdisasters（防止灾害的弹性蓝绿屋顶系统）适合作本文最佳标题故选B项Passage1[2025届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期12月模拟预测】Sadfishing,which researchersdefined intheJournal of American College Health in2021,refers tothe trendof exaggeratingpersonal strugglesonline togeneratesympathy.It couldbe intheformofasad photo,an ominousquote,orapost witha foggymeaning.We allmaybeguilty ofposting somethingweak andemotional onsocial mediafrom timeto time,which isnta badthing.But postingrepeatedly couldbeasign ofa largermental healthissue inteens ora cryforhelp.Journalist RebeccaReid coinedthe termin2019after aquestionable Instagrampost byKendall Jenner.In the post,Jenner describeda painfulstruggle“with acneand receiveda largeamount ofsympathetic responses from her followers.However,it waslater revealedthat herpost wasjust acomplicated marketingplot for her skincare partnership withProactiv,and Reidlabeled herbehavior assadfishing.Experts saysadfishing islikely duetothefact thata childor teenis strugglingwith somethingand wantsto letothersknow.In thesecases,they oftendont feeltheyhavea personthey feelcomfortable withtosharetheir struggleswithso theyturn tothe social media world.A2023study foundthat teenswho participatedin sadfishingexhibited signsofanxiety anddepression,while lowsocial supportwas alarge contributingfactor.Researchers alsofoundthatboys reported“higher sadfishingtendencies^^than girlsat age12,but the trend decreasedas theygot older.For girls,the trendincreasedwith age.Researchers foundthat,in mostcases,responses tosadfishing postswere positiveand helpful.But insome cases,there werenegative responseswhich couldleadtoincreased stressor anxiety.When asocialmediapost is unsuccessful inseekingsympathetic responses,it canalso causethe personposting ittobemocked5Dr.Nissim-Matheis warns.Especially ifthepostis authentic.And whileany responseis supportiveforachild/teen whofeels unseenand unheard,itmay openthem upto privacyviolations andviolent behavior.
28.Whats theintention ofasocialmedia userssadfishingA.To sharean opinion.B,To demonstrateonline skills.C.To makea complaint.D.To satisfyan emotionalneed.
29.What canwe inferabout JennersInstagram followersA.They hadlittle knowledgeof acne.B,They hadtrust inProactive products.C.They wereprobably misledby Jennersstory.D.They wereencouraged byonline information.
30.What dowe knowabout teenagers9sadfishing trendsA.They peakat age12for boys.B.They declineafter age12for girls.C.They generallydecrease asone ages.D.They disappearbefore onesadulthood.
31.What doesthe underlinedword mocked“inthelast paragraphmeanA.Called on.B.Laughed at.C.Promoted.D.Supported.【答案】
28.D
29.C
30.A
31.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文针对青少年在社交平台上较为普遍的sadfishing这一现象进行了分析探讨
28.细节理解题根据第一段Sadfishing,which researchersdefined inthe JournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,refers tothetrendof exaggeratingpersonal strugglesonline togenerate sympathy.Itcouldbe intheformofasad photo,anominous quote,orapost witha foggymeaning.（研究人员在2021年的《美国大学健康杂志》上定义了“Sadfishing，指的是在网上夸大个人挣扎以获得同情的趋势它可以是一张悲伤的照片，一句不祥的名言，或者一篇意义模糊的帖子）“可知，对于在社交平台上发布sadfishing帖子的人来说，他们的主要目的就是激起其他网民对自己的同情，满足自己情绪上的需求故选D项
29.推理判断题根据第三段“In thepost,Jenner describeda painfulstruggle^^with acneand receivedalargeamount ofsympathetic responsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslater revealedthat herpost wasjust acomplicated marketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwith Proactiv,and Reidlabeled herbehavior assadfishing.（在帖子中，Jenner描述了与座疮的“痛苦斗争并得到了她的粉丝的大量同情回应然而，后来被揭露，她的帖子只是一个复杂的营销阴谋，是她与Proactiv的护肤合作，里德称她的行为是sadfishing广可知，Jenner发布的有关自己治疗瘗疮的虚假内容收到了很多粉丝们的同情回复由此可推断，她的这些粉丝们很可能被Jenner的故事误导故选C项
30.细节理解题根据第四段Researchers alsofoundthatboys reportedhigher sadfishingtendencies,than girlsat age12,but thetrend decreasedas theygot older.（研究人员还发现，在12岁［I寸，男孩比女孩有“更高的sadfishing倾向”，但随着年龄的增长，这种趋势会减弱户可知，根据调查，男孩在12岁时具有最高的sadfishing倾向，然后此倾向会随着年龄增长逐渐减少故选A项
31.词句猜测题根据最后一段“Researchers foundthat,in mostcases,responses tosadfishing postswere positiveandhelpful.But insome cases,there werenegative responseswhich couldleadtoincreased stressor anxiety.When asocialmedia postisunsuccessfulin seekingsympatheticresponses,it canalso causethe personposting ittobemocked/9Dr.Nissim-Matheis warns.（研究人员发现，在大多数情况下，对sadfishing帖子的回应是积极和有益的但在某些情况下，负面反应可能会导致压力或焦虑增加尼西姆-马蒂斯博士警告说“当一篇社交媒体帖子未能获得同情回应时，它也可能导致发帖者被mocked可知，在大多数情况下，对sadfishing帖子的回应是积极和有益的，但当一个帖子在社交平台上不能带来同情的回复时，会引起消极的反应，故推知，它的发布者可能会被嘲笑由此可推断，画线词与Laughed at意思一致故选B项（）Passage2【2025届黑龙江省“六校联盟”高三上学期联合适应性考试】Engineers atPrinceton Universityhave measuredthecooling benefitsofasimple solutionfor beatingurban heat:reflecting sunlightback fromwhereitcame byequippingbuilding wallsand roadwaysin urbancenters withretroreflective（反光的）materials.“With climatechange andthe increasingfrequency andpersistence ofextreme heatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.die fromextremeheatthan fromany otherweather-relateddisaster-heatkillsmore thantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanes combined/9said ElieBou-Zeid,professorof civil andenvironmental engineering.Several technologieshavebeenraised tofight againstthe issueof urbanoverheating,including coolpavements androofcoatings.However,when sunlighthits thesecooling technologies,it canbe kickedbackinany numberof directionsinsteadofinone focuseddirection,which meansthat highlyreflectivematerialscould havean oppositeresultifappliedbecause sunlightcouldbereflected ontothe ground,walls,andeventhe passers-by.Actually,retroreflective materialsare alreadyused intransportation,where theyare commonlyfound inroad signsandpaint toimprove nighttimevisibility,but animportant questionis howefficient wecan makethem andwhether wecanengineer themtohavethe performanceswe wantJsaidJyotirmoy Mandal,assistant professorofciviland environmentalengineering.Unlike commonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflect incomingsunlight withlimited scattering（散射）.Consequently,most sunlighthitting aretroreflector ona buildingwall orcity streetwouldbedirected backin thesamedirection itcame from-and outoftheurban canyon.In thisway,the retroreflectorscan releasethe sunlightthat wouldotherwisebestuckintheurban canyonand exacerbatetheurbanoverheating。
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