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大题阅读理解说明文03》明考情•为方向济.历年考情说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的篇，主要分为两种类型实验研究和介绍说明型说明CD文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等命题规律说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化考向预测预测年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题2025为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅球申HMM,smm.曲、娴、wi瞰藕，蜴艇碱蝴的©扇附Accordiigtotixteit»batistbekeyftiturtoLHedotstheauthor鞭晾船妙丽I辍、则
8、卿崛箱S蟠晾胭嬲describe（beproc«$oL!VHCMbeinferredfromtktteitabout.版」UhatistbemaltoftheeiperimeaintntioiditPin«nph3ChilisthemostlikthmsooVhkhfthefollotti”stikmegtsBprobablytrotbistdoi（htten弱瞬剑下端峭刷楣林翩献过拾义主加（顿,雌卅M%）—Wbatistbenailpurposeofthe赠艇纭_记图8（＜故您％明）text♦HBiWen iXTWhitdws（heanderiiadweedVreferIoWhichdtkbtstsumnarizesthe政Thephrase______________________________iiPimgrapb2isdostsiinnew toft财姗怖嬲懒城（蟠他照）痴胞法司辰1M桐崎颁烟®涮（贴的小醵r潮撕•）物融*m懒睇%）-品；短日—砌胸懒Ho*is（beleitorganizedUbatk（bentborsittiiudetowardsthepbeiomtfWDdkusMUhlBlkfuiictioiofParagraph4奥研大题•提能力》A.To entertain.B.To inform.-WJFK（O.fiti咖•C.To persuade.D.To inspire.
10.What do the underlinedwords in a bind^^mean in paragraph3A・At risk.B.At aloss.C.At ease.D.At adisadvantage.
11.What does the authoremphasize concerningcarbon reductionin the last paragraphA.The removalof digitaldata.B,The promotionof ecotourism.C.The valueof personalcontribution.D.The significanceof systemic change.Passage5【湖北省武汉市第一中学学年高三上学期月联考］2024-202512When science fiction and the scienceof timemeet,they inviteus into a deepexploration of the natureof time.Despite itspresence everywherein daily life,time remainsamystery,with nodefinitive definition.Our concept of time may be a mentalshortcut,a toolfor ourlimited brainstocomprehend change.The Englishlanguage frequentlyemploys thenountimej yetwe lacka satisfactoryexplanation forit.Concerning量子time,quantum mechanicsand dailyexperiences oftencontradict eachother,suggesting timescomplexity andambiguousnature.Our mentalconception of timemaynever correspondwith its reality in the universe,but thisshouldntstop usfrom exploringit.Many science fiction quotestouch ontime.Ray Cummings,1919novel,The Girlin theGolden Atom,offers amemorablequote:Time iswhat keepseverything fromhappening atonce Jimplying timesstructural rolein theuniverse.Blake Crouch9s Recursionpresents acontrasting view:Time is a falseimage,a conceptmade outof humanmemory.”Robert CharlesWilsons Spinexplores various forms of time,from personalmeasurement tocosmic scales,emphasizing ourchallenging relationshipwith it.S.D.Unwins OneSecond PerSecond suggeststime aschaos within acosmic plan,with peopleand civilizationsas itsplaythings.Robert V.S.Redicks VanishingPoint describes time as a trickdueto ourcomprehension of times flow.Captain Jean-Luc Picardfrom StarTrek says,“Time is a companionwho remindsus tocherish everymoment,“emphasizing itsvalue.David BrinsBrightness Reefdescribestimeas acruel judge,punishing eventhesuccessful andbrilliant.Stephen BaxtersThe TimeShips catchestimes frighteningnature,darkening humanachievementsin thevastness of time.Time travel,a majortopic ofscience fiction,is oftendiscussed.H.G.Wells,1895novel The Time Machineposesthe enduringquestion ofwhether movingbackward andforward intime ispossible.These quotesfrom sciencefictionhighlight ourtroubled relationshipwith timeand encourageus tothink moredeeply aboutitsreality.
8.What is the overalltoneof the textA.Inquiring.B.Pessimistic.C.Persuasive.D.Definitive.
9.What canbe learnedabout timefrom paragraph2A.Time is easy tounderstand buthas acomplex naturein science.B・Time isa commonconcept indailylifewell correspondingwith scientificreality.C.Daily experiencesoften goagainst scientificunderstandings of time.D.Quantum physicshas noimpact onour understandingoftime.
10.What doesStephen BaxtersTheTimeShips emphasizeA.Time asa companionwho remindsus tocherish everymoment.B.The insignificanceof humansuccesses in the longhistory oftime.C.The possibilityto movebackward andforward intime atwill.D.A falsebelief dueto ourcomprehension oftimes flow.
11.What doesthe textmainly talkaboutA.The historyoftimeand famousquotes insciencefiction.B.The definitionoftimein scientificterms andtime travel.C.The relationshipbetween timeand dailylife.D.The scienceoftimeand itsexploration insciencefiction.（）Passage6【华中师范大学第一附属中学学年高三下学期开学】2024-2025A waveof startupssay seaweed isasolutionto climate change-able to absorb atmosphericcarbon,provide rawmaterials forbiofuels,and feedthe world-no fertilizers（彳上月）E,fresh water,or evenland required.Running Tide,a Maine-based company,is workingon asystem thatwill（浮标），eventually sinkthe buoysattached withlong locksof seaweed,to thedeep ocean floor,where thecarbon theycontainwill remainstored for800years ormore.Running Tidewas foundedby MartyOdlin,an engineerand fourth-generation commercialfisherman.TheGulf ofMaine iswarming fasterthan nearlyevery otheroceanic region,and Odlinhas seenthe changesfirsthand.About15years ago,Odlin hearda talkfrom KlausLackner-the physicist who popularisedthe ideaof removingcarbonfrom theatmosphere.It clicked.It waslike,oh,this isright becausetheres noway were going to get化石的off fossil fuels in the next50years,“he recallsthinking.We regoingto have topull itdown.”Using seaweedto drawdown carbonwould be an elegantsolution-if itworks.Seaweed forestscollectively coveranestimated twomillion squarekilometers andabsorb asmuch carbon as theAmazon rainforest.But much of thatstorageis short-lived.When theseaweedisharvested,eaten byanimals,or washesashore,its storedcarbon isreleased back intothe atmosphere.Running Tidesmodel,in theoryat least,would takethat storedcarbon andsink itto the oceanfloorwhereit wouldremain forcenturies,breaking downslowly.Some scientistsare carefulabout rushingahead beforefundamental scientific,environmental,and regulatoryquestionsare answered.Climate changeis intensifying,and peopleare panicking,91011says KristenDavis,a professor ofUniversity ofCalifornia Irvine,but thescience is not thereyet toactually confirmthat its a goodidea.”
8.What canwelearn aboutRunning Tide*s systemA.It removescarbon fromseaweed.B,It turnsseaweed intofertilizers.C,It sinksseaweed into theoceanfloor.D.It storesseaweed asfood sources.9What didLacknefs speechlead Odlinto doA.Monitor changesin oceanicregions.C.Set restrictionson the use offossilfuels.10What doesparagraph3mainly talkaboutA.Steps of a carbonreplacement method.C.Examples ofmassive seaweedforests.11Why doesthe authorquote KristenDavisA.To proveOdlins opinion.C.To advocatescientists cooperation.B.Reduce commercialfishing industry.B,To emphasisethe climatecrisis.D.Remove carbonfrom theatmosphere.D.To presentthe issueobjectively.Passage7B.The underlyinglogic ofsinking seaweeds.D.The carbon absorbing abilityof seaweeds.【江苏省苏州中学、海门中学、姜堰中学、淮阴中学等四校学年高三下学期月联考】202420252Two电paralyzed patientshave beenable to walk shortdistances and even climbstairs afterbeing implantedwith electrodes极in theirbrains.In aworld first,surgeons useda techniquecalled deepbrain stimulationto6re-awaken^^inactive nervefibersin thespinal cordand re-establish controlof theleg muscles.The breakthroughcame afterneuroscientists at the SwissFederal TechnologyInstitute inLausanne EPFLused AItomap all the neuronsin the brain involved in helpingrats andmice walk.To theirsurprise,a regioncalled the lateralhypothalamus-known to be involvedin arousaland motivation-was foundto have a rolein walking.It wasso unexpectedthat the findingwas initiallyquestioned byother scientistswho peerreviewed thepaper for the journalNature Medicine.After successfultests inrats andmice,the Swissteam thenimplanted electrodesin thelateral hypothalamusof thehumanpatients.The techniqueis carriedout whilepatients arewide awake.Only thencan surgeonsbe surethey havereachedthe rightarea in the brain,with the right strengthof stimulation.Professor JocelyneBloch,who carriedout theoperations atLausanne UniversityHospital,said:Once theelectrodewas inplace andwe performedthe stimulation,the firstpatient immediatelysaid,‘I feelmy legs.When weincreased thestimulationshe saidJI feelthe urgeto walk!Scientists believethelateralhypothalamus sendssignals downnerve fibresthat remainundamaged afterthe spinalinjury,which helpsengage theremaining nerveconnections andimprove neurologicalrecovery.^^The twopatients did not makea completerecovery from their injury,and were only able towalkslowly overshortdistances with a stickor walker”.But theLausanne team hasalready shownit ispossible torestore movementby usingimplantsin thespinal cord.They hopethat stimulatingboth thespine andthebrainin futurewill enhancerecovery andhelppatients walkfurther andfaster.
8.What procedureallowed the patients toregain somemobilityA.Deep brainstimulation.B.Spinal cordrecovery.C.Leg musclesimprovement.D.Artificial intelligencemapping.
9.What was the firstreaction ofother scientiststo thediscoveryA.Excitement.B.Skepticism.C.Acceptance.D.Indifference.
10.Why is the techniqueperformed whilethe patientis awakeA.To minimizesuigical risks.B.To speedup theimplantation process.C.To confirm the correctspot andstimulation level.D.To ensurethepatientexperiences minimaldiscomfort.
11.What isthe best title of the passageA.Artificial limbsare used for recoveryB.Brain parthas newroles inmovementC.Regaining theability towalk requireshi-techD.Paralyzed patientswalk withbrain electrodes（）Passage8［广东省红岭中学学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】（调解）2024-2025Fancy lettinga machinemediate yourargumentIt could be thelatest applicationfor AIas researchersreveal itsmysterious recipefor findingcommon groundinculture warconflicts.Scientists atGoogles DeepMindproject designedwhat theycall the Habermas Machine,a largelanguage AIinspiredby Germanphilosopher JiirgenHabermas9theory ofcommunicative action-the ideathat commonunderstanding（争议的）fosters cooperation.It worksby takingdiffering writtenviews on a contentioustopic andcoming upwitha setof statementsdesigned tokeep everyonehappy.（想法）Researchers found that themachines musingswere preferred56%of thetime comparedto statementsproducedby humanmediators.Participants alsofound theAI response to be more logicaland informative.Study co-authorProf ChrisSummerfield,from theUniversity ofOxford,said:Helping peoplefind agreementisa new frontierfor ALInthe event,we found that it was notonly asgood asbut betterthan humanstrying todothe same job.”Summerfield believesthe processof interactingthrough theAI modelhelps overcomethe drawbacksof traditionaldebatingchambers such as publicmeetings andsocial media.People canventure theseprivate beliefs,he explained.Theyre notput in the positionwhere they have totry andlook cleveror feellike theyhave to win anargument irrespectiveofwhat theyreally think.“We wereamazed athow articulatepeople were.They weresensible andmoderate.I betthat（得意）what happenson Twitter/X,for example,is thatthe processlends itselfto digitalpreening7Part of the moderssuccess,he says,lies in its determinationto givespecial weightto disagreeingopinion.Ratherthan sidingwith the majority,it allowedminority voicesto feelheard.A lotof policymakingis aboutfinding goodcompromises,right^^he says.“And you can onlyfit somany peoplearound the table.If youwant a very inclusiveprocess,then youneed lotsof people to participate.I wouldlove tosee thistool used to giveus alla better opinion ofwhat peoplethinkabout everything,which Ithink wouldprobably——on balance——beagood thing.,,
12.What istheoretical basisfor theHabermas MachineA.Mutual trustoriginates fromcooperation.B.Finding commonground isequal tosettling conflicts.C.Resolving disagreementshelps win argument.D.Shared agreementpromotes cooperation.
13.Which mightbe thedisadvantage oftraditional mediationA.Failing to show cleverness.B.Strong desire towinregardless oftrue thoughts.C.Being toocasual to share secretthoughts.D.Making peopleextreme andunreasonable.
14.Which of the followinghelps thesuccess of theHabermas MachineA.Supporting thebeliefs of themajority.B.Logical responsewith usefulinformation.C.Allowing themajority voicesto beheard.D.Completely ignoringdisagreeing ideas.
15.What doesSummerfield suggestabout theHabermasMachineA.Applying itto moresituations.B,Involving more people in the research.C.Finding goodcompromises forit.D.Offering abetteropinionof itsprocess.到Passage1新课标卷】[2024I In the raceto documentthe specieson Earthbefore theygo extinct,researchers andcitizenscientists havecollected billionsof records.Today,most records of biodiversityare oftenin the form ofphotos,videos,andother digitalrecords.Though they are usefulfor detectingshifts in the numberand varietyof speciesin anarea,a newStanfordstudy hasfoundthatthis typeof recordisnotperfect.“With therise oftechnology it iseasyfor peopleto makeobservations ofdifferent specieswith theaid of a mobileapplication,said BarnabasDaru,who islead authorof thestudy andassistant professorof biologyin theStanfordSchool ofHumanities andSciences.These observationsnow outnumberthe primarydata thatcomes fromphysical（标本），specimens andsince weare increasinglyusing observationaldata toinvestigate howspecies arerespondingto globalchange,I wantedto know:Are theyusable,,Using aglobal datasetof
1.9billion recordsof plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru andhis teamtested howwellthese datarepresent actualglobal biodiversitypatterns.（使有偏差）“We wereparticularly interestedin exploringthe aspectsof samplingthat tendto biasdata,like thegreaterlikelihood of a citizenscientist totake apicture ofa floweringplant insteadof thegrass rightnext toit J said Daru.Their studyrevealed thatthe largenumber ofobservation-only recordsdidnotlead to better globalcoverage.Moreover,these dataare biasedand favorcertain regions,time periods,and species.This makessense becausethe peoplewhoget observationalbiodiversity dataon mobiledevices areoften citizenscientists recordingtheir encounterswithspecies in areas nearby.These dataare alsobiased towardcertain specieswith attractiveor eye-catching features.What canwe dowith theimperfect datasetsof biodiversity」“Quite a lot Daruexplained.Biodiversity appscan useour studyresults toinform usersof oversampledareas andleadthem toplaces——and evenspecies——that arenot well-sampled.To improvethe qualityof observationaldata,biodiversity appscan alsoencourage usersto havean expertconfirmtheidentification of their uploadedimage.”
32.What dowe knowabout the recordsofspecies collectednowA.They arebecoming outdated.B.They aremostly inelectronic form.C.They arelimited innumber.D.They areusedforpublic exhibition.
33.What doesDarus studyfocus onA.Threatened species.B.Physical specimens.C.Observational data.D.Mobile applications.
34.What hasled to the biasesaccording to the studyA.Mistakes indata analysis.B.Poor qualityof uploadedpictures.C.Improper wayof sampling.D.Unreliable datacollection devices.
35.What isDarus suggestionfor biodiversityappsA.Review datafrom certain areas.B.Hire expertsto checktherecords.C.Confirm theidentity ofthe users.D.Give guidanceto citizenscientists.（）Passage2全国甲卷】[2024The Saint Lukas traindoesnt acceptpassengers—it acceptsonly thesick.The Saint Lukas isoneof fivegovernment-sponsored medicaltrains thattravel toremote townsin centraland easternRussia.Each stoplasts an（乡村）average oftwo days,and duringthat timethe doctorsand nurseson boardprovide ruralpopulations withbasicmedical care,X-ray scansand prescriptions.People startedqueuing to make anappointment earlyin themorning/says EmileDucke,a Germanphotographerwho traveledwith thestaff ofthe SaintLukas for a two-week tripin Novemberthrough thevastregions（【X域）ofKrasnoyarsk andKhakassia.Russias publichealth careservice has been inserious needof modernization.The governmenthas struggledto comeupwith measuresto addressthe problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areaseast ofthe VolgaRiver,including arrangingdoctorsappointments byvideo chatand expandingfinancial aidprograms tomotivate doctorsto practicemedicine inremoteparts ofthe countrylike Krasnoyarsk.The annualarrival ofthe SaintLukas isanother attemptto improvethe situation.For10months everyyear,the train（补给）.stops atabout eightstations overtwo weeks,before returningto theregional capitalto refueland restockThenit startsall overagain the next month.Most stationswait abouta yearbetween visits.Doctors seeup to150patients every day.The trainsequipment allowsfor basiccheckups.I wasvery impressedbythe doctorsand theirassistants workingand livingin suchlittle spacebut stillstaying focusedand veryconcerned,saysDucke.They were the bestchance fbrmany ruralpeopleto get thetreatment they want.”
8.How isthe SaintLukasdifferent fromother trainsA.It runsacross countries.B.It reservesseats for the seniors.C.It functionsasahospital.D.It travelsalong ariver.
9.What canwe inferfrom paragraph3about KrasnoyarskA.It isheavily populated.B.It offerstraining fordoctors.C.It isa moderncity.D.It needsmedical aid.
10.How longcan theSaintLukaswork withone supplyA.About ayear.B.About tenmonths.C.About twomonths.D.About twoweeks.
11.What isDuckes attitudetoward theSaintLukasservicesA.Appreciative.B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.Passage3新课标卷】[2024I IWe allknow freshis bestwhen itcomes tofood.However,most produceatthestore wentthroughweeks oftravel andcovered hundredsof milesbefore reachingthetable.While farmersmarkets area solidchoiceto reducethe journey,Babylon Micro-Farm BMFshortens iteven more.BMF isan indoorgarden system.It canbe setup for a family.Additionally,it couldserve a larger audiencesuchasahospital,restaurant orschool.The innovativedesign requireslittle effortto achievea reliableweekly supplyof freshgreens.Specifically,itsafarm thatrelies onnew technology.By connectingthrough theCloud,BMF isremotely monitored.Also,there isa convenient app thatprovides growingdata inreal time.Because the system isautomated,it significantlyreducesthe amount of waterneeded togrow plants.Rather thanwatering rowsof soil,the systemprovides justtheright容器amount toeach plant.After harvest,users simplyreplace theplants witha newpre-seeded podto getthe nextgrowthcycle started.排放Moreover,having asystem in thesamebuilding where its eatenmeans zeroemissions fromtransportingplants fromsoil tosalad.In addition,theres noneed forpesticides andother chemicalsthat pollutetraditional farmsand thesurroundingenvironment.BMF employeeslive outsustainability in their everydaylives.About halfof themwalk orbike towork.Inside theoffice,they encouragerecycling andwaste reductionby limitinggarbage cansand avoidingsingle-use plastic.“We arepassionate aboutreducing waste,carbon andchemicals in our environment/910said aBMF employee.
8.What canbe learnedabout BMFfrom paragraph19What informationdoestheconvenientappoffer10What canbe concludedabout BMFemployeesA.They havea greatpassion forsports.B.They aredevoted tocommunity service.A.It guaranteesthe varietyof food.B.It requiresday-to-day care.C.It cutsthe farm-to-table distance.D.It relieson farmer^markets.A.Real-time weatherchanges.B.Current conditionoftheplants.C.Chemical pollutantsin thesoil.D.Availability ofpre-seeded pods.C.They arefond ofsharing dailyexperiences.D Theyhaveastrong environmentalawareness.
11.What doesthetextmainly talkaboutA.BMFs majorstrengths.B.BMFs generalmanagement.C.BMFs globalinfluence.D.BMFs technicalstandards.（）Passage4浙江月卷】（雹暴）[20241On September7,1991,the costliesthailstorm inCanadian historyhit Calgaryssouthernsuburbs.As aresult,since1996a groupof insurance companies havespent about$2million peryear on the AlbertaHailSuppression Project.Airplanes seedthreatening stormcells witha chemicaltomakesmall icecrystals fallas rainbefore一they cangrow intodangerous hailstones.But farmersin east-central Albertadownwind ofthe hail project flights-worry（水分）that preciousmoisture isbeing stolenfrom theirthirsty landby thecloud seeding.Norman Stienwand,who farmsin that area,hasbeenaddressing publicmeetings onthis issuefor years“Basically,theprovincial governmentis lettingthe insurancecompanies protectthe Calgary-Edmonton urbanarea fromhail JMr.Stienwan dsays,“but theyreincreasing droughtrisk asfar eastas Saskatchewan.The Albertahailprojectis managedby TerryKrauss,a cloudphysicistwhoworks forWeather ModificationInc.ofFargo,North Dakota.We affectonly avery smallpercentage ofthe totalmoisture inthe air,so we cannot becousingdrought.99Dr.Krauss says.In fact,we may be helpingincrease themoisture downwindby creatingwetter ground.One doubterabout thesafety ofcloud seedingis ChuckDoswell,a researchscientist whojust retiredfrom the（龙卷风）University ofOklahoma.In1999,I personallysaw significanttornadoes formfrom aseeded stormcell inKansas,Dr.Doswell says.Does cloud seeding createkiller stormsor reducemoisture downwindNo onereally knows,of course,but theseeding goeson.”Given thedegree ofdoubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,uit would be wiseto stopcloud seeding.In practice,doubt hashadthe oppositeeffect.Due to the lackof scientificproof concerningtheir impacts,no onehas succeededin winningalawsuit againstcloud-seeding companies.Hence,private climateengineering canproceed inrelative legalsafety.
8.What doesthe projectaim todoA.Conserve moistureinthesoil.B.Prevent theformation ofhailstones.物eI【全国甲卷】2024Animals canexpress theirneeds usingalotof ways.For instance,almost allanimals have（声音）distinct vocalsthat theyrely onto eitherask for help,scare awayany dangerousanimals orlook forshelter.Butcats arespecial creatureswho possessamazing vocalizationskills.They are able tohave entireconversations withhumansusing meowsand youreableto interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it willkeep meowingto attractattention andfind food.However,when acat islooking foraffection,they tendto producestretched andsoft meows.Meowing startsas soon as ababycatisbrought tolife anduses ittogetthe mothersattention andbe fed.Cats havemany heightenedsenses,but theirsense ofsmell isquite impressive.They usetheir nosesto assesstheirenvironment andlook outfor anysigns ofdanger.They willsniff outspecific areasbefore theychoose aplace torelax.However,another waythe catsareableto distinguishbetween situationsis bylooking forfamiliar smells.Your catwilllikely smellyour face and storethe smellinitsmemory anduse itto recognizeyou inthe future.Thats whymost petcatsare ableto tellimmediately iftheir ownerswere aroundany othercats,which theydon*t usuallylike.Dogs areknown fortheir impressivefetching habit,but catstake thisbehavior upa notch.Many catswill findrandom（食肉objects outsideand bringthem totheir owners.This isaveryold habitthats beenpresent inall kindsof predators动物）.Cats bringgifts fortheir ownerstoshowthey loveyou.These adorablelittle huntersare justdoing somethingthatits beenintheirnature sincethe beginningoftime.So justgo alongwith it!
4.What canbe learnedabout cats*meowing from the firstparagraphA.Its asurvival skill.B・Its taughtby mothercats.C.Its hardtointerpret.D.Its gettinglouder withage.
5.How doesapetcat assessdifferent situationsA.By listeningfor sounds.B.By touchingfamiliar objects.C.By checkingon smells.D.By communicatingwith othercats.
6.Which bestexplains thephrase take...up notchin paragraph3A.Perform appropriately.B.Move faster.C.Act strangely.D.Do better.C.Forecast disastroushailstorms.D.Investigate chemicaluse infarming.
9.Who areopposed tothe projectA.Farmers ineast-central Alberta.B.Managers of insurancecompanies.C.Provincial governmentofficials.D.Residents ofCalgary andEdmonton
10.Why doesDr.Doswell mention the tornadoeshe sawin1999A.To comparedifferent kindsof seedingmethods.B.To illustratethe developmentof bighailstorms.C.To indicatea possibledanger ofcloudseeding.D.To showthe linkbetween stormsand moisture.
11.What canwe inferfromthelast paragraphA.Scientific studieshave provedStienwand right.B.Private climateengineering isillegal inCanada.C.The doubtabout cloudseeding hasdisappeared.D.Cloud-seeding companieswill continueto exist.（）Passage5（2024北京卷】Franz Boassdescription ofInuit（因纽特人）lifein the19th centuryillustrates theprobable moral code（规范）of earlyhumans.Here,norms wereunwritten andrarely expressedclearly,but werewell understoodand takentoheart.Dishonest and violent behaviourswere disapprovedof;leadership,marriage and interactions withother groupswereloosely governedby traditions.Conflict wasoften resolvedin musicalbattles.Because arguingangrily leadsto chaos,itwas stronglydiscouraged.With lifeintheunforgiving NorthernCanada beingso demanding,the Inuifspractical approachtomorality madegood sense.The similarityof moralvirtues acrosscultures isstriking,even thoughthe relativeranking ofthe virtuesmay varywitha socialgroups historyand environment.Typically,cruelty andcheating arediscouraged,while cooperation,humbleness andcourage arepraised.These universalnorms farpre-date theconceptofany moralisingreligion orwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerooted inthe similarityof basichuman needsand ourshared mechanismsfor learningand problem（本能）solving.Our social instincts includethe intensedesireto belong.The approvalof othersis rewarding,while theirdisapprovalis stronglydisliked.These socialemotions prepareour brainsto shapeour behaviouraccording tothe normsandvalues of our familyand ourcommunity.More generally,socialinstinctsmotivate usto leamhow tobehave inasocially complexworld.The mechanisminvolves arepurposed rewardsystem originallyusedtodevelop habitsimportant forself-care.Ourbrains usethesystemto acquirebehavioural patternsregarding saferoutes home,efficient foodgathering anddangers toavoid.Good habitssave time,energy andsometimes yourlife.Good socialhabits dosomething similarina social context.We learnto tellthe truth,even whenlying isself-serving;we helpa grandparenteven whenitisinconvenient.We acquirewhatwe calla senseof rightand wrong.Social benefitsare accompaniedby socialdemands:we mustget along,but notput upwith toomuch.Henceself-discipline isadvantageous.In humans,a greatlyenlarged brainboosts self-control,just asit boostsproblem-solvingskills inthe socialas wellasthephysical world.These abilitiesare strengthenedby ourcapacity forlanguage,whichallows socialpractices todevelop inextremely unobviousways.A.Living conditionswere thedrive.B.Unwritten ruleswerethetarget.C.Social traditionwas thebasis.D.Honesty wasthe key.
33.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.Inconveniences are the causeof tellinglies.B.Basic humanneeds lead to universalnorms.C.Language capacityis limitedby self-control.D.Written lawshave greatinfluence onvirtues.
34.Which wouldbe thebest title for thispassageA.Virtues:Bridges AcrossCulturesB.The Valuesof Self-disciplineC.Brains:Walls AgainstChaosD.The Rootsof MoralityPassage
632.What canbe inferredabout theforming ofthe Inuifsmoralcode【浙江月卷】（棉花糖）20241The Stanfordmarshmallow testwas originallyconducted bypsychologistWalter Mischelinthelate1960s.Children agedfour tosix ata nurseryschool wereplaced ina room.A singlesugary treat,selected by the child,was placedon atable.Each childwas toldif theywaited for15minutes beforeeating thetreat,theywould begiven a second treat.Then theywere leftalone inthe room.Follow-up studieswith the children laterin lifeshoweda connection betweenan abilityto waitlong enoughto obtainasecond treat andvariousformsof success.（诱惑）As adultswe face a versionofthemarshmallow testeveryday.We renot tempted by sugary treats,but by一our computers,phones,and tabletsallthedevices thatconnect ustotheglobal deliverysystem forvarious typesofinformation thatdo tous whatmarshmallows do to preschoolers.We aretemptedbysugarytreatsbecause ourancestors livedinacalorie-poor world,and ourbrains developedaresponse mechanismto thesetreats thatreflected theirvalue-a feelingof rewardand satisfaction.But asweve reshapedtheworld aroundus,dramatically reducingthe costand effortinvolvedinobtaining calories,we stillhave thesame brainswehad thousandsof yearsago,and thismismatch isattheheart ofwhy somany ofus struggleto resisttempting foodsthatwe knowwe shouldnteat.A similarprocess isat workinourresponsetoinformation.Our formativeenvironment asa specieswasinformation-poor,so ourbrains developeda mechanismthat prizednew information.But globalconnectivity hasgreatly（轰炸）changed ourinformation environment.We arenow ceaselesslybombarded withnew information.Therefore,just aswe need tobemore thoughtfulabout ourcaloric consumption,we alsoneed tobemorethoughtful aboutourinfbnnation consumption,resisting thetemptation ofthe mentaljunk fdodin orderto manageour timemosteffectively.
12.What didthechildrenneed todotoget asecondtreatin MischefstestA.Take anexamination alone.B.Show respectfortheresearchers.C.Share theirtreats withothers.D.Delay eatingfor fifteenminutes.
13.According toparagraph3,there isa mismatchbetween.A.the calorie-poor worldand ourgood appetitesB.the shortageof sugarand ournutritional needsC.the richfood supplyand ourunchanged brainsD.the temptingfoodsand ourefforts tokeep fit
14.What doesthe authorsuggest readersdoA.Absorb newinformation readily.B.Be selectiveinformation consumers.C.Use diverseinformation sources.D.Protect theinformation environment.
15.Which ofthe followingisthebest titleforthe textA.Eat Less,Read MoreB.The BitterTruth aboutEarly HumansC.The Later,the BetterD.The MarshmallowTest forGrownups
7.What isa suitabletitleforthe textA.Tips onFinding aSmart Cat
8.Understanding YourCats BehaviorC.Have Funwith YourCat D.How toKeep YourCat Healthy说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读一般我们采用的方法有三个细读、略读和跳读
（1）细读重点重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多宏观方面文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句微观方面有转折处；重要标点；句子主干
（2）有选择地略读或跳读在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括1繁琐的例证为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过2并列多项列举有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读
③无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过
④较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力雪式届河北省石家庄市第一中学高三下学期一模】[2025Envision afuturistic rooftopgarden soastute thatit iscapableof discerningthe optimalmoments tohoard waterin anticipationof aridconditions,and whento expelwater toavertinundation.Now,such intelligentroofs aretransitioning fromthe realmof fantasyto realityinthe Netherlands.With asubstantial portionofthenation situatedbelow sealevel,theNetherlandshas longbeen acquaintedwith theperilsof flooding.The adventof climatechange hasushered inan eraof moreextreme meteorologicalphenomena,including torrentialdownpours andperiods ofdrought,compelling thecity of Amsterdam tocontemplate novelstrategiesfor self-preservation,and itis withinthis contextthat Resilioemerges asa pivotalplayer.As perthe assertionson theirofficial website,Resilio isengaged inthe constructionof blue-green roofsacross theexpanseof Amsterdam.In conjunctionwith the local governmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018through to2022,theyhave installedspecialized roofingsystems inthe neighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremost vulnerabletotheravages offlooddamage.These roofsare composedofamultitude ofstrata.Paramount amongthese layersisthewater retentionlayer.During episodesof copiousrainfall,this layerserves toaccumulate therainwater thatwould otherwiseinundate thestreets,andintimes ofdrought,it channelsits storedwater tonourish thegarden situatedon theuppermost layer.It isthisparticular layerthat distinguishesthe blue-green roofsfrom theirconventional greencounterparts.Research indicatesthatblue-green roofspossess thecapacity tocapture asmuch as97%of extremerainfall,in starkcontrast tothe mere12%thatregular green roofs canretain.However,what trulysets Resilio roofs apartis theirsophisticated systems.An arrayof blue-green roofsareinterconnected viaa digitalcommunication network,thereby enablingeach rooftobemanipulated independently,responding tothe volumeof wateramassed onthat specificroof asthe situationdemands.Each roofis alsoequipped withavalve thatis linkedtoacomputerized systemknown asthe DecisionSupport SystemDSS.The DSSinterfaces withlocalweather prognosticationsto determinewhether thevalve ona particularroof shouldbe opened,allowing waterto bedischargedinacontrolled andgradual mannerinto the sewerage system,or whetherit shouldremain sealedto collecttheimpending rain.These innovationsarethehallmarks thatrender Resiliotruly revolutionary.Blue-green roofsexemplify thattheremedies tothe hazardsposed byclimatechangenecessitate ablend ofcreativity anda multifacetedapproach,operatingon variouslevels tomitigate theadverse effectsofourchanging environment.
8.What maydirectly leadtothebuilding ofResilioroofsin AmsterdamA.The increasingdisasters.B.The citysfinancial suffering.C.The ever-rising sealevel.D.The citysgeographic advantage.
9.What dowe knowabout thewater retentionlayer ofResilio roofsA.They areslow todrought.B.They areabsolutely perfect.C.They servea doublepurpose.D.They cantrap solarenergy.
10.What isthe mainfunction ofthe DSSaccording tothetextA.To collectweather information.B・To control theuseofthevalve.C.To helpthesewersystem work.D.To connectthe digitalnetwork.
11.What mightbe thebesttitleof thispassageA.Smart roofsystems becominga realityin AucklandB.Resilio blue-green roofsystems preventingdisastersC.The workingprinciple ofthe blue-greenroofsystemsD.The differencesbetween Resilioroofs andregular greenroofs到Passage1【届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期月模拟预测】202512Sadfishing,which researchersdefined intheJournal ofAmerican CollegeHealth in2021,refers tothe trendof exaggeratingpersonal strugglesonline togeneratesympathy.It could be intheformofasad photo,an ominousquote,ora post witha foggymeaning.We allmaybeguilty ofposting somethingweak andemotional onsocial mediafrom timeto time,which isnta badthing.But postingrepeatedly could beasign ofa largermental healthissue inteens ora cryforhelp.Journalist RebeccaReid coinedthe termin2019after aquestionable Instagrampost byKendall Jenner.Inthe post,Jenner describeda painfulstruggle“with acneand receivedalargeamountofsympathetic responsesfrom herfollowers.However,itwaslater revealedthat herpost wasjust acomplicated marketingplot forher skincarepartnership withProactiv,and Reidlabeled herbehavior assadfishing.Experts saysadfishing is likely duetothefact thata childor teenis strugglingwith somethingand wantsto letothersknow.In thesecases,they oftendont feeltheyhavea personthey feelcomfortable withtosharetheir struggleswithso theyturn tothe social media world.A2023study foundthat teenswho participatedin sadfishingexhibited signsofanxiety anddepression,while lowsocial supportwas alarge contributingfactor.Researchers alsofoundthatboys reported“higher sadfishingtendencies^^than girlsat age12,but the trend decreasedas theygot older.For girls,thetrendincreasedwith age.Researchers foundthat,in mostcases,responses tosadfishing postswere positiveand helpful.But insome cases,there werenegative responseswhich couldleadtoincreased stressor anxiety.When asocialmedia post isunsuccessfulin seekingsympathetic responses,it canalso causethe personposting ittobemocked,Dr.Nissim-Matheis warns.Especially ifthepostis authentic.And whileany responseis supportiveforachild/teenwho feelsunseen andunheard,it mayopen themup toprivacy violationsandviolentbehavior.
28.Whats theintention ofasocialmedia userssadfishingA.To sharean opinion.B.To demonstrateonline skills.C.To makea complaint.D.To satisfyan emotionalneed.
29.What canwe inferabout JennersInstagram followersA.They hadlittle knowledgeof acne.B,They hadtrust inProactive products.C.They wereprobably misledby Jennersstory.D.They wereencouraged byonline information.
30.What dowe knowabout teenagers,sadfishing trendsA.They peakat age12for boys.B.They declineafter age12for girls.C.They generallydecrease asone ages.D.They disappearbefore onesadulthood.
31.What doesthe underlinedword“mocked inthelastparagraph meanA.Called on.B.Laughed at.C.Promoted.D.Supported.Passage2届黑龙江省“六校联盟”高三上学期联合适应性考试】[2025Engineers atPrinceton Universityhavemeasured thecooling benefitsofasimple solutionfor beatingurban heat:reflecting sunlightback fromwhereitcame by反光的equipping buildingwalls androadways inurban centerswith retroreflective materials.“With climatechange andthe increasingfrequency andpersistence ofextreme heatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.die fromextreme heatthan fromany otherweather-related disaster-heat killsmore thantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanes combinedJ saidElie Bou-Zeid,professorof civil andenvironmental engineering.Several technologieshave beenraised tofight againstthe issueof urbanoverheating,including coolpavements androofcoatings.However,when sunlighthits thesecooling technologies,it canbe kickedbackinany numberof directionsinsteadofinone focuseddirection,which meansthat highly reflective materialscould havean oppositeresult ifappliedbecause sunlightcouldbereflected ontothe ground,walls,andeventhe passers-by.Actually,retroreflective materialsare alreadyused intransportation,where theyare commonlyfound inroadsigns andpaint toimprove nighttimevisibility,but animportant questionis howefficient we can makethem andwhetherwe canengineer themtohavethe performanceswe wantJsaidJyotinnoy Mandal,assistant professorofcivilandenvironmental engineering.（散Unlike commonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectors canreflect incomingsunlight withlimited scattering射）.Consequently,most sunlighthitting aretroreflector ona buildingwall orcity streetwouldbedirected backin thesamedirection itcame from-and outofthe urban canyon.In thisway,the retroreflectorscan releasethe sunlightthat wouldotherwisebe stuckintheurban canyonand exacerbatetheurbanoverheating problem.Ultimately,theywantto createasetof guidelinesfor policymakers,planners,and materialsengineers.If youreanurban planner,for example,and youknow thelatitude ofyour city,the width-height ratioandthedirection ofyour streets,youcaneasily usetheir resultsto pickthe suitablesurfaces forapplying theseretroreflective materialsand estimatethecooling benefitsyou mightreceive indoing so.
8.What mayElie Bou-Zeid warnpeople ofin paragraph2A.The frequencyof naturaldisasters.B.Thie urgencyof keepingpeople cool.C.The unpredictabilityof climatechange.D.The necessityof temperaturemonitoring.
9.What isthe limitationof currentcooling technologiesA.Influence uponthe citysappearance.B.Disturbance ofthe viewof passes-by.C.Production ofsomething poisonousto humans.D.Inability tocontrolthedirection ofreflected light.
10.What doesthe underlinedword“exacerbate”inparagraph5probably meanA.Relieve.B.Cause.C.Intensify.D.Address.
11.What isprobably thefinal goaloftheengineersA.To increaseurban greenspaces.B.To personalizereflectivematerials.C.To simplifyexisting buildingdesigns.D.To reducecosts ofconstruction materials.（）Passage3届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】[2025Every timewe makea newvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoofour latestmeal,its liketurning ona smalllight bulb（灯泡）that911never beturned off.This pointsto anuncomfortableand extremelymodern question:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usingless dataGiven howmuch ofmodern lifedependson digitaldata,the answercouldbea keyaspect toliving noblyintheAI age.Why doposts producecarbon atall Whenyou sendaposton Moments,it goesalong achain ofenergy-burning electronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires tothe localexchange-the boxonthestreetcorner-and fromthere toa telecoms company,and fromthere tohuge datacenters operatedby thetech giants.Each ofthose runs onelectricity,and itall addsup.Today,about400million homesworldwide haveat leastone smart“device-curtains,electric cookers,refrigerators,and pads.By2028,that figureis expectedto nearlydouble.We are,in otherwords,being takeninto aworldwhere ifsharder todo anythingwithout turning onadigital light bulb.This putseco-conscious consumersina bind.Afterall,who wouldlike tobe someonethat cantget theirinformation properlybecause they9re too busy keeping the carbonfootprint oftheir searches downIn the absence of systemicchange,worrying overour individualdata-usage decisionsis liketrying tohold backaflood witha bucketand spade（铁铲）Still,there9s somethingwecando.When wefaceadigital decision,the lessdata-thirsty optionwill oftenbe thesmarter one.Blocking third-party trackingwhen were onthe web,for example,notonly reducesthe powerconsumption ofinternet browsing;its alsogood foryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe wedontneed toturn everythinginto data.If Iput downmy phonethe nexttime Imonatrain,it wontsave theplanet.But Illbelooking outthe windowwith myown eyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atall.
8.What doesthe authorimply aboutdata usageA.It isenergy-consuming.B.It iseasy andconvenient.C.Its negativeeffects areignored.D.Its benefitsare underestimated.
9.What isthe functionof paragraph2A.To entertain.B.To inform.C.To persuade.D.To inspire.
10.What dothe underlinedwords inabind,,mean inparagraph3A.At risk.B.At aloss.C.At ease.D.At adisadvantage.
11.What doesthe authoremphasize concerningcarbon reductioninthelast paragraphA.The removalof digitaldata.B,The promotionof ecotourism.C.The valueof personalcontribution.D.The significanceof systemicchange.（）Passage4届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】[2025Every timewe makeanewvideo orsend anemail,or posta photoofour latestmeal,ifs liketurningona smalllightbulb（灯:包）that911never beturned off.This pointsto anuncomfortableand extremelymodern question:To helpsave theplanet,should webe usingless dataGiven howmuchofmodern lifedependson digitaldata,the answercouldbea keyaspect toliving noblyintheAI age.Why doposts producecarbon atall Whenyou sendaposton Moments,it goesalong achain ofenergy-burningelectronics.Your Wi-Fi routersends thesignal alongwires tothelocalexchange——the boxonthestreet corner-andfrom there toatelecomscompany,and fromtheretohuge datacenters operatedbythetech giants.Each ofthoserunsonelectricity,and itall addsup.Today,about400million homesworldwide haveat leastone“smart”device—curtains,electric cookers,refrigerators,and pads.By2028,that figureis expectedto nearlydouble.We are,in otherwords,being takeninto aworldwhere ifsharder todo anythingwithout turningonadigital lightbulb.This putseco-conscious consumersinabind.Afterall,who wouldlike tobe someonethat cantget theirinformation properlybecause theyretoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdownIntheabsenceofsystemicchange,worrying overour individualdata-usage decisionsisliketrying tohold backa（铁铲）flood witha bucketand spadeStill,theres somethingwecando.When wefaceadigital decision,the lessdata-thirsty optionwill oftenbe thesmarter one.Blocking third-party trackingwhen we,reonthe web,for example,notonly reducesthe powerconsumption ofinternet browsing;its alsogood foryour privacy.More fundamentally,maybe wedontneedtoturn everythinginto data.If Iput downmy phonethenexttime Imonatrain,it wontsave theplanet.But Illbelooking outthe windowwith myown eyes,creating amemory thatreleases nocarbon atall.
8.What doesthe authorimply aboutdata usageA.It isenergy-consuming.B.It iseasy andconvenient.C.Its negativeeffects areignored.D.Its benefitsare underestimated.
9.What isthe functionof paragraph2。
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