高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained 同步练习 三

Unit9Human BiologyLesson3Epidemics Explained高二英语北师大版（）选择性必修第三册随堂检测2019

一、填空

1.1dont liketo definemy workas adaily routine,which canbe veryd.

2.1watched themleave and then droveoff in the odirection.

3.The booksintheschool libraryare caccording tosubject.

4.Restaurants canoffer achoice ofmusic alongwith thev foodchoices onthe menu...

5.Opinions onthis mattervary personto person.（彻底）

6.1need tohave achance toget myhead togetherand thinkeverything.

8.Sorry,Madam,I haveyou asI didntknow yourbackground.（彳艮少）

9.Anger islooked uponas abeneficial charactertrait,and isusually advisedto reduceit.

10.Of course,our brainscan declineas wegrow olderfor lotsof reasons—including other（因素）.environmental influencesor genetic

二、七选五Not longago,no oneunderstood thatinfectious diseaseswere causedby tinyorganisms thatmovedfrom personto person.Even now,although weknow thattiny livingmicrobes causedisease,how theydo sois notalways obvious.

①They canalso betransmitted throughour skinthrough（病原体）insect oranimal bites.The bestway to prevent infectionsis toblock pathogensfromentering the body.The firstline ofdefense is to keepgerms atbay byfollowing goodpersonal healthhabits.Washyour hands well.You probablywash your hands afterusing thebathroom,before preparingor eating（起泡沫）food,and aftergardening orother dirtytasks.

②Wet yourhands thoroughly.Lather upwithsoap orcleanser,and rubit into the palmsand backsof yourhands andyour wrists.Be sureto cleanyourfingertips,under yournails andbetween yourfingers.Wash underrunning water.

③（接种疫苗）Whether you are youngor youngat heart,getting vaccinatedis anessential partofstaying healthy.

④such asa temporarilysore armor lowfever,they aregenerally safeand effective.Vaccinations areessential ifyouareto avoidgetting sick.In general,children shouldreceive therecommendedchildhood vaccinations.Adults shouldmake suretheir vaccinationsare upto date.（免When travellingabroad,check withyour healthcare providerabout additionalimmunisations疫）.

⑤Stay clearof wildanimals.Many wildanimals,including bats,foxes andcoyotes,can spreadthevirus tohumans bybiting.Keep yourpets awayfrom wildanimals,too.Dogs,cats orany othertypeof warm-blooded animalscan pickup thevirus andpass thevirus alongto people.A.Dry yourhands and wrists thoroughly.B.Use animal control toprevent infections.C.While vaccinesmay causesome common side effects,D.Although vaccinescannot preventsome rarediseases,E.Other wildanimals cannottransmit thevirus andother infections.F.We doknow thatmost microbesenter throughopenings inthe body.

三、阅读理解G.You shouldalso washup afterblowing yournose,coughing,or sneezing.Weve knownthat sitting for longperiods oftime everyday hascountless healthconsequences,like ahigher riskof heartdisease.But nowa newstudy hasfound thatsitting isalso badfor yourbrain,which runs counter toreceived ideasabout deepthought,from ourteachers,who told us to sitdown andfocus,to Rodinsfamous Thinker,seated withchin onhand.A studypublished lastweek,conducted byDr.Prabha Siddarthat theUniversity ofCalifornia,（久坐的）showed thatsedentary behaviouris associatedwith reducedthickness ofthe medial（中颍叶）,temporal lobea brainarea thatis criticalto learning and memory.The researchersasked agroup of35healthy people,aged45to70,about theiractivity levelsandthe averagenumber ofhours eachday spentsitting andthen scannedtheir brains.They found thatthe subjectswho reportedsittingforlonger periodshad thethinnest medialtemporal lobes.It meansthatthe moretime youspend ina chairthe worseit isfor yourbrain health,resulting inpossibledamage tolearningandmemory.What isalso interestingis thatthis studydid notfind asignificant associationbetween thelevel ofphysicalactivity andthickness ofthis brainarea,suggesting thatexercise,even severeexercise,maynot beenough toprotect youfrom theharmful effects of sitting.（认知）It thensurprisingly turnedout thatyou dont even have to movemuch toenhance cognitionjuststanding willdo the trick.For example,two groupsof subjectswere askedto completea test（刺激），while eithersitting orstanding.Participants arepresented withconflicting stimulilike thewordgreen inblue ink,and askedto namethe colour.Subjects thinkingon theirfeet beatthosewho sat by a3-millisecond margin.The cognitiveeffectsofsevere physicalexercise arewell known.But thepossibility thatstandingmore andsitting lessimproves brainhealth couldlower thebar foreveryone.

1.Which ofthe followingcan bestreplace thephrase runs counter toin paragraph1A.Goes against.B.Bears out.C.Pushes forward.D.Corresponds with.

2.Which ofthe followingbest explainsdo the trick underlinedin paragraph5A.Set atrap.B.Do adeal.C.Get tothe point.D.Get the desired result.

3.Which ofthe followinghas theclosest meaningtotheunderlined wordmargin inparagraph5A.Blank.B.Edge.C.Decrease.D.Difference.答案以及解析

一、填空答案

1.depressing.答案2opposite.答案:3classified.答案4various.答案:5from.答案:6through.答案7underline.答案8underestimated.答案9rarely.答案10factors

二、七选五答案FGACB解析

①考查上下文语境结合后文（病原”The bestway toprevent infectionsistoblock pathogens体）可知，防止感染的最好方法是阻止病原体进入人体因为大多数微from enteringthebody.”生物通过身体进入体内,导致人感染故选项F

②考查上下文语境前文的Wash yourhandswell.You probablywash yourhands afterusing the介绍了人们在bathroom,before preparingor eatingfood,and aftergardening orother dirtytasks.”什么情况下会及时洗手项G“You shouldalso washup afterblowing yournose,coughing,or「提到了另外几种需要洗手的情况，与前文需要洗手的情境为并列关系故选项

③sneezing G考查上下文语境前文提到洗手的方法和步骤，洗手后需要擦手项A Dryyourhandsandwrists.”表示彻底擦干手和手腕,符合语境thoroughly

④考查主下文语境结合后文”...such asa temporarilysore armor lowfever;they aregenerally safe可知,接种疫苗后会有手臂酸痛或低烧等症状项and effective.C“While vaccinesmay causesome表示疫苗可能会引起一些常见的副作用，符合语境commonsideeffects,

⑤考查段落主题句结合后文“Many wildanimals,including bats,foxes andcoyotes,can spreadthe可知,许多野生动物，包括蝙蝠、狐狸和郊狼，可以通过咬人将病毒传virus tohumans bybiting.播给人类故可推知动物会传播疾病,防止感染需要管控动物项B Useanimalcontroltoprevent表示使用管控动物的方法来防止感染，符合语境infections J

三、阅读理解答案:1-3ADD解析.词义猜测题本题问及下列哪一项是替代第一段划线短语〃〃的最佳选项1runscounterto划线短语前面提至一项新的But nowa newstudy hasfoundthatsitting isalso badfor yourbrain”研究发现坐着对大脑有害,而后半句received ideasabout deepthought,from ourteachers,who则介绍了公认的toldustositdown andfocus,to Rodinsfamous Thinker,seated withchin onhand”关于深思的观念是坐着并集中注意力由此可知，〃坐着对大脑有害〃与公认的观念相反,由此可推测划线短语“意为〃与相反，与背道而驰〃与相背〃;〃“runscounterto goagainst bearout证实”;〃推进〃;与一致故选Apush forwardcorrespond with.词义猜测题本题问及下列哪一项能最好地解释第五段中的划线短语根据划2“dthetrick”线处下文的”可知，其后内容是对划线部分所在句的具体举例说明划线部分所在“For example句句意为:结果令人惊奇的是，你甚至不需要为增强认知做太多动作，只要站着就可以而下文所举的例子则证实站着思考的受试者比坐着的受试者反应更快、思维更敏捷也就是O说，〃站着〃这一行为成功达到了〃增强认知〃的目的由此可推断出”有〃起作J dthetrick用，达到目的〃之意此外,划线词前面的”和也从语气上进行了暗示“dontevenhavetojust设陷讲”;达成交易”;”谈至正题”;set atrap”do adeal”get tothe pointU getthedesiredresult达到期望的目的〃项与意思相近故选D dothetrickD.词义猜测题本题问及下列哪一项与第五段中的划线词”意思最接近根据划线词所3“margin在句可矢口，站着思Subjects thinkingon theirfeet beatthose whosatby a3-millisecond marginJ考的受试者击败了坐着的受试者根据语境可知「是指获胜者快了bya3-millisecond margin”3毫秒，即以毫秒的差额取胜，所以”在此处为〃差额〃之意〃空白处，空格〃;3“margin blankedge“边缘〃;〃减少〃;差别;差额〃项与意思最接近故选decrease differenceD marginDo。