初中英语被动语态用法及易错点详细讲解

初中英语被动语态用法及易错点详细讲解所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、由……”的句式，如“他的自行车被偷了”、“这座楼房是由他们建造的J

一、主动语态和被动语态的概念他开了门1He openedthe door.以上例句是一个主动句，主语是动作的执行者/发出者门被开了2The door was openedby him,第二个例句是一个被动句，主语是动作的承受者汉语中表示被动的词被…/由…/受…/给…英语中表被动用过去分词构成be+

二、被动语态的结构及用法被动语态的几种句型1肯定句主语及物动词的过去分词++be+byeg:My phonewas madein China.否定句主语过去分词++be not+byeg:My phonewasnt madein China.一般疑问句主语+过去分词+Be+by eg:Was your phone madein China特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语+过去分词++be+by eg:Where wasyourphonemade不同时态中的被动语态2时态例句结构一般现在时am/is/are+done Riceis grownin thesouth of the country.一般过去式was/were+done The doorwas closed by him.含有情态动词情态动词+be+done Yoiirroom must be cleanedevery day.现在进行时am/is/are+being+done Therooms arebeiug painted.过去进行时was/were+being+done Treeswere beingplanted herethis timelast year.一般将来时will+be+done Abuilding will be builtnear here.I havebeeu toldthe sportsmeeting mightbe putoff.现在完成时have/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+done Hehad beeuconsidered to be agreater leader.被动语态的用法3当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用短语by昨天，教室的前窗被打破了不知谁打破的The frontwindow in the classroomwas brokenyesterday.A.allow B.allowed C.are allowedD.were allowed【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意现在所有中国夫妻—可以有两个孩子分析句子结构可知，主语与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语可知用一般“allChinesecouples”“Now”现在时故选C一

11.Have youfinished yourreport ongreen life——Not yet.Ill makeit if I anothertwo days.A.give B.am givenC.will giveD.will begiven【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意“你完成了关于绿色生活的报告了吗？”“还没有如果再―我两天时间我就完成了”分析句子结构可知，主语应为动作的承受者，所以应使用被动语态此处I give是引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现原则故选if B

12.Paper firstabout2,000years agoin China.A.is;creating B.is;created C.has;created D.was;created【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态句意纸大约在年前在中国首先—出来句子的主语“纸”2,000与谓语“创造”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，由句中的时间状语可知本句是一般过去时“2,000yearsago”故选D

13.—Maria,I lookedfor youeverywhere atKevins birthdayparty yesterday.一Oh,I didnt go,because I.A.hasnt invitedB.wasnt invitedC.isnt invitedD.didnt invited【答案】B【解析】句意:——玛丽亚，我昨天在凯文的生日聚会上到处找你——哦，我没有去,因为我没有被邀请本题考查时态和被动语态由句意可知本空用被动语态，再结合题干中力可知本空用一般过去didntgo”时态，故本题选择B一

14.Why didyour schoolwin the basketball game一Because basketballas anafter-school activityin ourschool thisterm.A.has playedB.was playedC.is playedD.will play【答案】c【解析】句意:——为什么你的学校赢得了那场篮球赛——因为这个学期打篮球在我们学校是一项课后活动本题考查时态和被动语态和动词为被动关系，由此可知本空用被动语态，再结合basketball play本句的时间状语可知本空用一般现在时态，故本题选择this termCo

15.A talkon how to become a successfullearner in the schoolhall nextMonday.A.will give B.gives C.is givenD.will begiven【答案】D【解析】句意:下周一，一个关于如何成为一个成功的学习者的演讲将会在学校大厅进行本题考查时态和被动语态本句主语和动词为被动关系，由此可知本空用被动语态，再结合本句的时间状语a talkgive next可知本空用一般将来时态，故本题选择Monday D

1.

1.My brotherto readby mymother whenhe wasvery young.A.teaches B.is taughtC.was teachingD.was taught【答案】D【解析】句意:在我弟弟很小的时候我妈妈就教他读书本题考查一般过去时态的被动语态由引when导的时间状语从句可知本空应该用一般过去时，故排除和再结合句意可知本空应为被动语态，故选择A BoD

1.2In thefuture,more andmore high-speed railroadsin China.A.are builtB.will buildC.were builtD.will bebuilt【答案】D【解析】句意:在未来，越来越多的高速铁路将在中国被修建由时间状语可知本空用一般将“in thefuture”来时态，再根据句意可知本空选择Do一

18.When shallwe goto watchthe basketballmatch-Tomorrow,only ifthe work.A.will befinished B.is finishedC.finishes D.will finish【答案】B【解析】句意:——我们什么时候去看篮球比赛——明天,只有工作被完成了才可以由题干中的可知if设空处为条件状语从句的谓语，根据“主将从现”原则可知，本空用一般现在时态,故排除和选项再根据A D句意可知选择Bo

19.A lotof treesaround hereevery year,and wecan enjoyfresher airnow.A.were plantedB.are plantedC.will plantD.are planting【答案】B【解析】句意:每年许多树在这周围被种植，现在我们能够享受更新鲜的空气了由于本句话的主语为trees,故本空应用被动语态，故排除和两项由时间状语尸可知本空用一般现在时态，故选择C D“every yeaBo

20.The boytwo notebooksas prizesfor hisprogress last week.A.gives B.will giveC.is givenD.was given【答案】D【解析】句意:上周那个男孩被给予两个笔记本作为他进步的奖品由句意可知本空应用被动语态，故排除和选项再根据时间状语可知本题选择A B“lastweek”D总结中考对于被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合因此考生在解答此类试题时，首先需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断出时态，对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据语境理解并结合常识进行判断其次，根据被动语态的基本结构，动作的承受者（动作的对象，多是名词）在空前、实施者在空后（有时也省略）判断出被动语态直接选择即可被动语态在句子中运用完成下列句子这些女孩子们一个月之前被教授如何跳舞，现在她们能跳好了LThe girlswere taughthow todance amonth agoand nowthey candance well.一座桥将在河上被建造将来它能节省我们很多时间21A bridgewill bebuilt over the river.It cansave usa lotof timein thefuture..如果学生们被允许拥有兼职工作，他们拥有的学习时间可能就更少了22If studentsare allowedto havea part-time job,they mayhave lesstime tostudy.（改写成被动语态）23We askedhim to sing an English song.f He was askedto sing anEnglish song by us.（改写成被动语态）24He gaveme a book.（将间接宾语改为主语）fI was given abook by him.（将直接宾语改为主语）f A book was given to me byhim.（改写成被动语态）25We shouldtake good care of the children.（不可省略）f Thechildren should be takengoodcare of byus.of（改写成被动语态）

7.1saw someboys playingfootball in the playground.f Someboys wereseen playingfootball in the playgroundby me.（改写成被动语态）

8.We oftenhear thegirl sing in her room in the evening.The girl is often heard tosingin herroom in the evening byus..他们的工资太低（没必要指出工资是谁付的）They havebeen poorlypaid突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用短语by.这些书是专门为孩子们写的（强调的是“这些书”）These booksare writtenespecially forchildren

三、主动语态变被动语态）一般情况下主动语态变被动语态1主动句He closedthe door.变被动句Thedoorwasclosedbyhim.口诀宾变主，主变宾，谓变时不变，数格必须随被变be done,）主动语态中若有双宾语2双宾语（是间宾，是直宾）Vivian gaveme abook.me book间接宾语提前-Iwas givenabookby Vivian.直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词-AbookwasgiventomebyVivian.动词用动词用make/buy/get for;give/send/lend/take to）“感使动词”真奇怪，主动结构”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒3“t感使动词feel,hear,listen to,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,look at.我们看见他在操场上打篮球We sawhim play football on the playground变被动他被我们看到在操场上打篮球Hewasseen toplayfootballonthe playground.

四、主动形式表被动意义）系动词没有被动语态，1如等等feel,sound,taste,look,become,fall,get,grow,keep,remain,seem,smell,stay,turn.你的注意听起来蛮好的Your ideasounds good你看起来美美的You lookbeautiful.）在等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义2need,require,want,be worth,deserve电视需要修理The TVneeds repairing.=The TVneeds to be repaired.）一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，3常见的有（结束）appear,die,disappear,end vi.,fail,happen,last,lie,sit,spread,stand,break out,come true,fall等asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place,occur一场车祸发生在街上A caraccident happenedin thestreet.我的故乡发生了巨变Great changeshave takenplace inmy hometown.）在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式4表示被动意义她有一个重要的会议要参加She has an importantmeeting toattend.被动语态的基本形式

一、被动语态的结构被动语态的结构为动词加动词的过去分词，即在不同的时态中,动词有不同的形式

二、be“be+done”be常用被动语态的情况不知道动作的执行者是谁

1.这块手表是中国制造的This watchis madein China..没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁2每年必须种许多树Many treesmustbeplanted every year..需要强调或突出动作的承受者3Chinese is spoken bymore andmore people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语强调汉语的广泛使用.动作的发出者是物4许多房子被洪水冲走了Many houseswere washedaway bythe flood.被动语态的技巧指导根据选项定考点1单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的4考查一般不会涉及语态因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项根据时态选答案2首先，考生需要根据关键词时间状语来判断时态对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断例如一Tell meone thingyou reproud ofin yourjunior highschool,Tony.一I asthe captainof the school footballteam.A.choose B.chose C.am chosenD.was chosen方法点拨第步根据选项、为时态，、为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除、两项1A BC DA B第步再根据语境可知，被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是2Tony已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时故选D常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况（）主动语态中有些感官动词（如等）后用不带的不定式作宾语补足语,变1hear,see,watch,notice to为被动语态时，要把不定式符号还原，即t（）（）hear seesb.do sth.sb.be heardseen to do sth.oWe oftenhear thegirl singin herroom inthe evening.f Thegirlisoftenheardtosingin herroom inthe eveningbyus.晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌（）主动语态中有些使役动词（如等）后用不带的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态2makejet t时，同样要把不定式符号还原，即tmake sb.do sth.sb.be madetodosth.o主动结构表示被动意义的情况（）动词等作不及物动词,且它们的主语为物时如1open,read,sell,write这支钢笔很好用The penwrites well.（）某些连系动词（如等）描述某物特性时如2smell,look,taste,feel,sound这种花闻起来很香This kindof flowersmells sweet.（）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义3

①中,表示被动意义如be worthdoing doing这部电影值得一看This movieis worthwatching.

②相当于是不定式的被动结构如“need/require+doing”need/require+to bedone,tobedone Your car needs你的汽车该洗了washing.=Yourcarneeds tobe washed.易错点总结（常考点））在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态1给我足够的口寸间,我会做得更好If1am givenenough time,I willdo itbetter.2）固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去这样的坏习惯应该改掉（不可以省去的）Such abad habitshouldbegot ridof.of）有些动词如等当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态；当用作不及物动词来说明3write,read,sell,wash,open主语本身所具有的特征时,无被动语态电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好The computerswere soldout,because theysell well.这布很好洗The clothwashes easily.）在结构和形容词结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义4“too…to…”enough todo这道题太难了，解不出来The problemis toodifficult towork out.）常见的被动语态的句型搭配5据说…It issaid that...据报导・.It isreported that...据推测.・・・・It issupposed that...希望・・・・It ishoped that...众所周知・・・・.It iswell knownthat...普遍认为・・・・.It isgenerally consideredthat...有人建议•….It issuggested that根据汉语意思完成句子这种裤子卖得好

1.This kindof pantswell..那个故事听起来有趣

2.That storyinteresting.这本书值得读

3.This bookis worth.我的表需要修理

4.My watchneeds这家商店早上八点开门

5.This shopis at8:00inthemorning.中考试练一

1.Do youlike thefamous basketballstar Kobe一Yes,I reallylike him.He bymany peoplearound the world.A.admire B.admires C.is admiredD.is admiring一

2.Your scarffeels soft.Did youbuy it in China—No,I boughtit inFrance.But itin China.A.is makingB.was madeC.makes D.made一（峰会），

3.During theAPEC summitBeijings skywas soblue andclear.一It APECblue.But toobad itno longerstays thatway.A.is calledB.are calledC.called D.calls（媒体）.

4.Chinas hotwords,like tuhao,dama andlianghui,inthewestern mediaA.use widelyB.is widelyused C.uses widelyD.are widelyused；

5.-__free breakfastsin allschools in China一No,not yet.Only inthe ruralareas.A.Are;made B.Do;serve C.Are;served D.Do;make

6.With thedevelopment ofChina,Chinese bya largenumber ofpeople intheworld.A.speaks B.is spokenC.speak D.is speaking一

7.Why doesthe earthlook bluein space——Because most ofthe earths surfaceby ocean.A.covers B.is coveredC.cover D.are covered

8.Emily wasglad thatshe forher honestyat thatmeeting.A.praises B.praised C.is praisedD.was praised

9.He Jiangto givea speechat thegraduation ceremonyat HarvardUniversity last month.A.invites B.invited C.is invitedD.was invited

10.Now allChinese couplesto havetwo children.A.allow B.allowed C.are allowedD.were allowed

11.—Have youfinished yourreport ongreen life一Not yet,Ill makeit ifI anothertwo days.A.giveB.am givenC.will giveD.will begiven

12.Paper firstabout2,000years agoin China.A.is;creating B.is;created C.has;created D.was;created

13.—Maria,I lookedfor youeverywhere atKevins birthdayparty yesterday.—Oh,I didntgo,because I.A.hasnt invitedB.wasnt invitedC.isnt invitedD.didnt invited一

14.Why didyour schoolwin thebasketball game——Because basketballasanafter-school activityin ourschool thisterm.A.has playedB.was playedC.is playedD.will play

15.A talkon howto becomea successfullearner intheschoolhall nextMonday.A.will giveB.gives C.is givenD.will begiven

1.

1.My brotherto readby mymother whenhe wasvery young.A.teaches B.is taughtC.was teachingD.was taught

1.2In thefuture,more andmore high-speed railroadsin China.A.are builtB.will buildC.were builtD.will bebuilt一

18.When shallwe goto watchthebasketballmatch一Tomorrow,only ifthe work.A.willbefinished B.is finishedC.finishes D.will finish

19.A lotof treesaround hereeveryyear,and wecan enjoyfresher airnow.A.were plantedB.are plantedC.will plantD.are planting

20.The boytwo notebooksas prizesfor hisprogress lastweek.A.gives B.will giveC.is givenD.wasgiven被动语态在句子中运用完成下列句子这些女孩子们一个月之前被教授如何跳舞，现在她们能跳好了

1.The girlshowtodance amonth agoand nowthey canwell..一座桥将在河上被建造将来它能节省我们很多时间2A bridgeovertheriver.It cansave usa lotof timeinthefuture..如果学生们被允许拥有兼职工作，他们拥有的学习时间可能就更少了3If studentsto havea part-time job,they mayhave lesstime tostudy.（改写成被动语态）

4.We askedhim tosinganEnglishsong.-A*（改写成被动语态）

5.He gavemeabook.一.（将间接宾语改为主语）-.（将直接宾语改为主语）（改写成被动语态）

6.We shouldtake goodcareofthe children.-A（改写成被动语态）

7.1saw someboys playingfootball intheplayground.（改写成被动语态）

8.We oftenhear thegirl singinherroomintheevening.根据汉语意思完成句子.这种裤子卖得好

1.This kindof pantssells well那个故事听起来有趣

2.That storysounds interesting.,这本书值得读

3.This bookis worthreading我的表需要修理

4.My watchneeds repairing/toberepaired.这家商店早上八点开门

5.This shopis openedat8:00inthemorning.中考试练一

1.Do youlike thefamous basketballstar Kobe—Yes,I reallylike him.He bymany peoplearound theworld.A.admire B.admires C.is admiredD.is admiring【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意“你喜欢著名的篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我真的喜欢他他被全世界的许多人所崇拜根据关键词可知此处应使用被动语态，即动词的过去分词故选J“by”be+C一

2.Your scarffeels soft.Did youbuy itin China—No,I boughtitinFrance.But itinChina.A.is makingB.was madeC.makes D.made【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态句意为“你的围巾摸起来很柔软你是在中国买的它吗？不,我在法国买的但是它是在中国制造的”这里主语（）与谓语是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动it thescarfmake语态由前一句可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时故选bought B一（峰会），

3.During theAPEC summitBeijings skywas soblue andclear.—It APECblue.But toobad itno longerstays thatway.A.is calledB.are calledC.called D.calls【答案】A【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意为“在亚太经济合作组织峰会期间，北京的天空如此地蔚蓝和干净”“它—蓝但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那样了”主语为单数，且与谓APEC It语动词之间是动宾关系故选call A（媒体）.

4.Chinas hotwords,like tuhao,dama andlianghui,inthewestern mediaA.use widelyB.is widelyused C.uses widelyD.are widelyused【答案】D【解析】考查动词的被动语态句意:汉语热词，比如“土豪工“大妈”和“两会工于西方媒体本句主语和之间是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态是复数名词短语，故选words useChinas hotwords”D一

5.free breakfastsin allschools inChina一No,not yet.Only inthe ruralareas.A.Are;made B.Do;serve C.Are;served D.Do;make【答案】c【解析】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态句意“免费早餐在中国所有的学校里都—吗？”“不，还没呢只有农村地区有”免费早餐应是被提供应用被动语态故选C

6.With thedevelopment ofChina,Chinese bya largenumber ofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspokenC.speak D.is speaking【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意随着中国的发展，汉语被世界上大量人讲“汉语”和“讲”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时故选B一

7.Why doestheearthlook bluein space—Because mostofthe earths surfaceby ocean.A.covers B.is coveredC.cover D.are covered【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态句意“为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的？”“因为地球表面大部分都被海洋”主语为第三人称单数，且是动作承受者，客观事实应用一般现“mostoftheearthssurface”在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态故选B

8.Emily wasglad thatshe forher honestyat thatmeeting.A.praises B.praised C.is praisedD.was praised【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态句意艾米丽很高兴在那个会议上她因为诚实—由句意可知，O主语与谓语动词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该使用被动语态再根据关键词和she praise“was”“at that可知应使用一般过去时故选meeting”D

9.He Jiangto givea speechat thegraduation ceremonyat HarvardUniversity lastmonth.A.invites B.invited C.is invitedD.was invited【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态句意何江上个月—在哈佛大学毕业典礼上做演讲何江和邀请之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语力可知应该用一般过去时故选astmonth”D

10.Now allChinese couplesto havetwo children.。