汽车安全系统分析外文文献

Automo t i v e safet y.sys t e ms and te c hnolog y rese a rch a nd analys i sAs t r af f i c t ools of the moderniz ation and a bs o1u te number i n ere a s e sharply,t raffle a ccid、e nts are alsoi n creasing Car a ccident has b ee severeglobal s o ci a1i s sues Undo u btedly,advanc、e d a u tosafety facil i ti e s ar e the d r iv i ng s afe t y i n dispen s abl e safeguar dSo,we s h ould s t art,f rom t echnolo g yt o re s e a r ch a nddeve1opmen t o fhigh perform a nee,high saf e t y car,also w a n11o s t r e n g t h e n t he regular i nspection in cars,so t i m e1y m a intenan c e in v estigation,make car、s of t en i n g ood t e chni calstatu S,so a S t o improv e the safety performance of the carH e re w e i n troduce d a c t i v e s afet ytechnol ogy a nd a ut o mob ile ca r pa ssive sa f et yt echnolog yAuto s a fety is a c c ording to the t r affic ac c ide n t h a p p ened be f o re and a ft e r th e classifiedO n e is i n a traffic a c cident ta k e safe t y measures,esp ecially bef o re imme d iat e lyw i11p r oduce ri sk c ondit ion,driv e rs ma nip u1at e th e steer i ng whe e1avo i d ore mergency b r a keto a v oi d t r、af f ic acci d e nt sI n the car,d rive i nu s u a11y to ensure the basic mani pu1a tion stab ility,d r iverson the surr oundi n g e n vironment and toensure the visu a1recognit iO n sex d ri v e t he car i tself,develop e d the basic perfo r m a nee a n t-lo Ck br a kin g systemABS,prevent S1i ppe r y d rive s ystemASR,ac t i v e sus p ension,power steer i ng an df ou r—w h e eld r ive4WD four-w h e els t,eer i ng4WS,li g ht i ng syste m wipe r,the rearviewmirro r,preve n t fromrear-e n d collisi o n cara larm s y s tem and1a s e r ra d ar,etc^T h es e s e cu r it y d evi c es a ndte c h nology,c alle d active saf、e t y s yst e m,c an also b e called pre v e n tiv e securi t y systemO n the o the rhand,i n orde r to re d uc e traffic ac ci d ents and pany b y pers o nneldir e ctly su f fe r de gre e,en s ure pany t ak e staff and pede s trian s afety,says the s e c uri t yfor passive、safety,can a1so b e calle d c onflic t sa f et y Whe n aft er t he acc i de nt,in ord e r to pre ven t dis a s ters,in cludi n gpre vent th e expan s ion of fire and mak e cr e w fromtraff i c ac ci d en t can ext ricat e the securi t yd evic e s an d syste ms,cal1ed preve n tdisas t er ex p aC tion belO w^And suckcan direction strin gof charac ter istiC is will theS t e e r i ng columnin two,divi de d intounbl oc ksteeri n g column an d the s teering c olum nu n der two pa r ts;I n s ide o f the steerings h a ft a1so div i ded in t o two s e ctions,with outgoing qua r ter a genc ies betw e ent hem c onn ec tedOne e a c ollisi o n make d i r e ct i o n outgoing q uart ermecha n ismhas d i sp lacement bo t t o m tai1or-ma d e s t ee r in g shaftwi11fold,unde rt h es t eeringcolumn m oveo n the steeri ng c o lumn,t oach ie v e Hinde n ted w ithi n na nd thus expand space、reduce damag e、F i ve The t i re p r essure m o ni tori n g sy s tem，I na car s t y r os high-s pee dp r oce S s,a11d rivers fa uIt iS the mos two rry an dt hemos tdifficul t to p r eve nt,is als osudd en t r aff ica ccident happe ned imp o rtant r e aso n s Ac c ord i n g to sta t i s tics,China h i ghway in t h e traffic accid ent i s c a used d ue to70%of af1a tt i re,a nd i n、t heU S t h is ratioi sas higha s80%How t O p revent a bio wout has bee an important t a sk ofsafe、d r i v ing Acc o rdingt o th enationa1quality sup e rvi s ece n ter o f rubbertires i n the ex p ert a na1ysis,mainta i nthestand ardt i r e pre ssure d r iving and the tim e lyd i s co v e r ytire is t o preve n t1ea kag e ofke yblowouts Tir e Pre s s u re a ndM o nit o r i ng S ystem TPMS-car Tir e Pre s s ureMo nitor i ngSy s tem w i11n odoubt is t he idea1t ooRThe s ys t emis mainlyuse di na utomobile dr i vingt o t ire p r essure real-t i me au t omat i cmo nito r i n g;t oaf1at t i reand d epres s ion are the polic e,、i no rder toensu r e safet yDrivers f rom themon ito r s cank now each tire pr es su r e value whe n tire pr essu r e belo w theclubSet presS ure limit,monitor w i11a ut0mati C ally alarmxAnyhow,Car a ctive safety t echno log y andpassive safe tytechnol Ogy f0rt h e saf ety of a u tom obile dr i vin g is ve r yimpor ta n t,and b esides,such as env ironme nta1fac t or,art i f ici a1f a c tor o ft he ve h icle saf etyisalsov cryi m por tan tT h ere f or e,wemus tb eprepa redt oa11a sp e ctsofrequ irements andtechno1og y,toensureth e safety o f v ehi c le driving^、n d sec urityS ystem、One Aut o mobi1eac t iveS ecur i tytechnologyAB Sbrakingsys t emINAnt-lo ck Bra k ing S ys tem Br a li n gSy st em,lock do by ABSpu t ers asABS,h ydra ulie、dev i ce,the wheelsp e ed s e nsors,br ak eh ydr a ulie pipelinea nd e1ect r i ca1wiri n g etc The ir、s t ructures areshow nbel owABS tasseledfor the car inv a ri Ous dr ivi n gc0nditions braki n g per fO rmanceand brake safety par ticul a rly important,esp eci ally is em er gencyb raking,can make full u se of t hep eakbe twe entireandroad surfacea dhesi o np roper t ies,imp r oveperf o rmanee an d re d uc ea ut omobile f i gh t sidesli p brakin g di s tanc e givef u11p1ay t oth ebr akin g p erfo r mane ebu tals oincreas et he auto m obi1e bra kin gpr o cess c ontrolS oas tor e d u c et h e pos sibilit y of car accident sN oin s t allati on ABS car,if the drivin g force tram p1e brakepeda1,wh e e1w i11ra p idly1owe r s peed,an dfinal1y whe e1s stop turn ing,、but bodyb e cau s eo fi n ertia rema insf orward sliding Th isp henomenonwas a t the wheel andpaveme nt oc curbetwe en1a rger slip,a pp e art hi s k i nd o fsi tu a ti on the cartir es of a utomob i1e la t eralspread salmost disa ppea s o p oorf orc e willa ppearth efollowing phenomena:1S t e er i n g st ab i1i tyfa11:the steering w h eel is ineffe c ti ve,vehi c1e tailmanipulat i on ofcurl,s er i ous w h envehicle cir cles ora ppe ar foldi n gp h enomenon;2H andlin g fal1mani p ulate t h e st e er i ng wheeland s hor t of steeringrequir e ment s;、3Brak i ng di stance extend ed:more than g ener a1br ak i ng dis tanc e、S owe canimagi ne tohave installe d ABS syS t em of theC ar sa f ety is v cryi mport antABSar e used to prev entc arbr aking proc ess w h eel1o ck,w i11w heelsliding rat e contr o1i nideal rang e,so a s to shorten the braking distanc e,improve automobile braki ngdirection stab ilit yan d stee rin g control,s oas、to impr ove the sa f ety o f the car A1on gwith the inc r ea seo fv ehic1eperf Or manee req uirements,n ot only i n braking pr oceSs requiredtOpreve nt whee11O cka nd,asked the driver tO prevent drive ro11er skati n gturn in th eproce ss,m aki n gcars in the dire ctionst abi1it y,dr iv i n gpro cessst eeri n g cont rolab i lit yandac celer a ti o n per f orma n ce,so areim proved by t hecar d riv et orq ue st eering systemA SRAcc eler a tio n s Re gulati onSlip^ASR ist h eperfe ct p1e mentan dABS ASR,but most a loneis setwi th ABS binedt oget h er,mo、n lyused ABS/ASR says,ca11ed anti skid co ntr ol s y stemASR ismainly usedt opr e vent cari nth ebeginnin g,a cc e lerate the wheels,gu ar antees1ip in theca racce1era t ed rateandi mprove t hestabil ityi nbad pavement driveattac h ed co n ditio nsIt ma kesno di ff er enee speed i n the ca rloc kice roads and mu ddy r oadstar ted andtoimprove it s capa city,a Is o can pr event hi ghin speedby turni ngca rs g

1、idingpavemen tand rear1ateral spreadsph enomen o nA ny h ow,pre ventthe wheelbe c ause A S R slipcan maximize theengi ned r ivi ng m om ent of cars had enou ghen s ure the1ongit udi nal force,later a1f orceand manipul at ion of po wer,ma k e cars in starting,ste e ring and accelerate the pr o cess,in gliding andmu ddy road,i na moun tain area downh i11pr oc ess cansteadily driving,guarantees the sa fet y,re d uci ng tire wear and fu e1co ns ump ti on,and impro、vesthe card ri v ingC apab i lity、3VDC sys t emABS/ASRs y stems ucc essfu llys o1vest hebrake and thecarwhe ndriven direc tion stabi、1ity pr oble m,but cannot solve th evehi c1e steer i ngst ab i1ity pro blemdriving di rection Forexample when ste e ringroad,inevitably b y lat eral and1o ngitud inalforce,only lo c a1surface c、an pro videful1lat eralandlo ngitudinal force,th ep ilO tcan contrO1ve hi clesI f the grounda dhes io nabilit ylow er lateral,will da magecars driving ab ility pre determi neddirectio nRainy days c ars d riving,o ften ering lateral slidhigh-speed st ei ng out itist he groun db ecause o finsufficient1a teraladhesio nabi1ity、T o resol veth e issue,an ddeve1oped countries au tomo bile ind ustry recentlyinABS/ASR syst em o n theb asis of the dev e lop ment of dynamic Con trol systeminto carDynami cs C0ntro1the abbr ev iationV DCVehic1eThe sy stemof thec ar brak e,driv ing,suspensi o n,steeringengine and soo nvarious ma inass embly contr o1sin functio ns tructure organic ground pr e hensivetogeth er,can make c a rsyS temin al1kinds ofbad wo rkingco n diti o ns,s ucha s ice roa d pavement,ting,rive rbe ndpa veme ntand took ev asive actio nmo v i nglin e,ak i ng andaccelerati o n andt hedownhi11for differ entcon ditions,su ch asbearing,differe nt typepres sureand diffall haveerent1eve1s of ty pe weargood dir ectio n st abilit y,tosh owthe bestdr iv ing pe rforman ce、VDC appliCa tions,in braking,a Ccelerat i on and Steer ing asp e cts ofdr i ver1Sfully releaS ed request,is thecar ofact ive safet ydrivinganew mi lest o neVD Cof steeringcontrol s ystem ism ainlybydrivi ngforea c h whee1brake co ntro1and eng、inepower ou tputcontr o1to rea1i zeFor exa mp leif th eca r turn1eft ftont whee1forst eering the inad equa te capacitytend toslip outof t hecome r,VDC system canme a sure immi nent,jus tknow1ate ra1spread sleft rearbrak ea doptr ner,becauserear wheeltend toS1ip outo ffavo rof later a1overm u ch,V DC、a ppropr iatemeasure sIf att hesamecosys temisproper brakingto fron t-right whe elfailure,ma i ntain the、stab ilit yo fth evehicle dri ving Ine xtremec ases,VDC syst em can alsot akereduc eengi net o re du ce the po werou tput,andtored ucethe speed oft he demand sid eadh esionabilit ytom、ai nt ainthest abilit yofth evehicledri vingAdopt VDCsy stem,a utomob i1e infolio pa vemen tor comerof pav ementbrak ingdistance sti11can furth er reduce4CCS carsc ruiseco ntro1sys temAuto c ruise Contro1System Cruiser Cont rolSystem,abbrevi ation forCCS is ca n mak ea ut omobilewo rkin enginefa vorab le spe edrange,red ucedriv er!sdrivingmanipulat elabo rin tens ity,i mpr ovethe driving fortt hea utomatiC driving dev iceCa r cr uising sys t emCCS r ole is requi redby thedri v er:after anor mally-closed swi tc h,nosp eedont he acce1erator peda1ca nautomatica1ly k ee pthespeed ma ket hevehi c1ewi ththe fixedspeedx Usingthis devicewhen onthe hig hwayaft eraIon gtime,thedri ver dri ving not havetoco ntrol theaccele rator pedal,redu cef atiguew hile red ucingu nnecess ar yspeed c h、ange,canreducesa vefue1Autoc ruise co ntro1sys temis theearli estdeve1o pm ento ft heaut omoti veel ect ronic controlsystem This systemUSES anothers peed sens ow i11speed signa1inpu tengine contro1micro puter,by m icro、pu ter cont rolvacuum syst emwork This system canmake useo fthe server,speed contro1switch1ever an d brakepedal onva c u umlift sw itcheS etc,i tsfunction andbasic Svst em thesame7JI nthis system,e1ectroni ccontrol devicecan accord changeof drivingres istance,automa tic re gulationengine throttleAn gle,mak ethespeed co nst ant Such not on1yred uce unnec essar yspeed change,whi ch saves fuel,also reducedthedriver,s bur den^Th eelectro niccru iseco ntrol system whichisshown i、n figure

2、Two Automo bile pa ssivesafet yt echnology、1Sea tb eltCarseat bel tisa safetydevice,it canin car co1lis ionorshar pt ur n,makecr ewtoke ep its orig ina1posit ionaspossibl ewit houtmobile an d rot atio n,avoid collis ion with in-car hardp artscau seddamage Seatbelt s andAairbags,asmo dern carsa resa fety devices,but t he longhis toty ofthe formerpopula rizethe scop eThe seemi ngly simplese atb elt actua11y not Hsi mple!\Attention hasbeenat the forefron tof tr aff icsa fety,through theanalys isof genera1mot orsafter acar acci den tf ound:seat be1t noton1ymakes peop1eprotect thelives,can bein moret han h alfof theaccident toreduceoreven eliminate、drivers,mot Or istsare the chanceofin jury Carcol1isiO nor unexpectedeme rgencybrak ingfor ce generatedgre atin ert ia,wi11allow thedriv er and passengerandcar windscreenst eeringwh eel,sea t,collisio nhappenedob jec tss uch asse condar ytodrive iscaused extreme1y eas i1y cr ew s erious damage,even drive occu pantse atsor threwthe apex,seatbe1tscan wil1rid einthe seatBondage perso nnelWhen hast heaccident,wh ich can effecti vely prev entt he colli s io n,anditsbuffer ro lecan absorbsa great dealofk inetic energy,reduce ri d esperso nn elextent ofthe injuriesFas ten you rseat belt airbagsp layour role isalso animportant c onditi o、n Be causethe airbagtoma ximiz erol efor the rid eintheimp act of、t hephy sica1location,sittinginstant actionhave extr emelystrict and therequire m entSOtherwise,theai rbagstar tedstrong instant aneous wa1lops to head are fra gi1esi temay cause,serious dama ge,espec ia1ly for chil dr en,this dama gecanbefata1Even themost ordinarythree belts,tr ya cant ime lyin crasht hatlive dridesthebundle ensurethe upper partofari de intheair b ag fu1ly exten dedra nge,maket、hea irbagmost ef feeti ve1yp1ay effi cacy Accordingly,must not beeausetheca r isequipp ed withai rb agsandfeel ca ref reeseat beltfaste ned,、o nlyto reduce or eli minatethe traffic accidentha ppen、2The airbagWhen thefr ontc0llis ion happ enedstrong,because inertia,who ridest he bodyfor wardfa st moving,then se atb eltsand willtry tonpulln ridesOn perS on the body,absorb someO fthe impactenergy,whi1etheai rbagwi th theeyep iece trend Hinf1atable and plet e lyopen;The ntheri des theupperbody willsin ktoai rbagsgas a Iso beganfromt；hevent airunifo rmes caping,andabso rbedmo stoft heim pactener gySubsequ ently,therideback seatand ret urn tothe bodyAbove thewhole process isalm o staIways happensina flash,who ridesthe p1e telyin pass ive situ at ion,inthi sca Se,the passivere1y On auxiliar yO ccup antprot eC t、ion systemisthe on lyo ption Airbagsde vel opmentdesignis base d、，ontheprote ctiononseat beltCo LTD;they coo peratewith eachother toridethe playtheau、xiliary proteCt ive effeC tSe atbelt usageinun dertheco ndition ofthe cr ewb alloonheIp red、uce chest,head andfaci a1in juries intheseriousn ess ofthecolli sion When carco1lisio nhappened before,thefirst isthecartostop motion,carunder theacti on ofin ertia1force crews、to goforward withtheorig ina1speedsti11sport Not wear ingaseatbelt erewswi11ands teering dish,front windsc reentogether,soit can besevere1y hurt;Wearing as、e atbeltascar stopthecrew can stopmoving fo rwardmove m ent andgra du ally Ifcolli sionvio lentcrew fo rwardmo vement ofthe seatbelts,even fas ter inthep1etes top beforemo tion stil1and in-carthing、s tog etherIf thisfashioninstee ringthedi skor withinthe popupbal1o oninfla teddash,it canprot ectthe occupant reduc ethe possi bilityofcar together wit hth ings moreun iformdis persionhe adchest,absorb thei mpacten ergyofmove mentthus crewhas addedeffectof seatb eltsxIn additio ntoseat beltsand airba gso utsidecar passi vesafetytech n olog y includescar bumper,a utom obile safetyg1ass,security bod y,occup ant head andneck protect ionsystem WHIPS,etcThese vehic1esto improvethesafetyperfo rmancehas ve ryimportant contribu tion、Three Automobilea ctivesafety newtechno1ogy、1Eye Cars killsEyeCar technol ogy canmake eachdri vere yes inthesame relativ eheig ht,guarantee of pave、ment andthe surroundingaS i x-1aneunimped edsig htandbest visibilityThi stechnolo gy can alsO offerasp ecif icdriv ingenvironme ntEye Carthro ughthe useoff irst-c1as smot or mobi1eautomat icw i11dif fe rentfigure dr iver7s eyest u nedtothe sameheight tosoIve theproblem,me anwh ile,visi bili ty ofste er ingdish,brakeand acceleratepe daIsand floorandthecentral adjustm entto constitut econsoleto the irrespective drivingcondit ionsMe an whiletothefor merpil1ardesign,wi11it againf romdriverssightsremo vedBecausethebu sdr iver receiv edthemostcrucial info rma、t iongenerally have90%from outsid e,a cqu iredt hrough theeyesobserv eSo,this improvementfor vehic1esafetyisofgreat sign ificance、2Cam C ar tech nologyCamCartechno1ogy aims tohelp improve thedriverofpe rce ptionThe tec hnica1feature sare:1I nstalie dinthecar tocam erasystem onboth sides beforeto makedriversc an bypass thelarge vehic1e behindacarorsee ahead ofp edestri ansInatypical driving situation inthecr owde dtra ffie,the pilotofthec entre—left co rneringcould moreeasi1y、view theo ppositeofveh ic1es2Side af terb uyvideo earner a providesbr oadervisu a1pro vision^The ca mera coverage than traditiona1rearviewm irror wantswide,esp、ecia1ly for the adj acentdrivew ay3In sta11edinacar,thefour miniaturesse ctoredform todec orate after aearnera can ob tainthecar panor amic pers pective Imagevia electro nicsynt hesi s,has the zoomand160°wi de—angle abi1i ty411night eye11N ight EyeC ameracanbein lowi11umination conditiO ns,when the caris in reversegear evenina darkc aseS canalso pr ovidecarclose range aft er smal1i mages、F our Automobile passivesafetynew techn ology、1Futu reairbags1It cansinf latablesc ree nsystem Thisisanew safetydesi gn;its basicpr incipleis topro tectin-car occup ants head whenthat happensit wi11carry ontheair,air after the tentsha peisswel1ing、2Tu bularin Ratablestruct ure head airsac Thissystemforsu pplementc urrentsidep rotection system,still stop overinprotectin gthe chestand abd0men,brachial ministry,toheadprote Ction wereinsufficient^I twith rigid bO dyStructure,the door b odyprote Ct iveju St beams,、side airsac,can formap1ete sidesafede fend net,this willbe thefuture security protectiont rend、3Hea dsupportsystem Head suppo rtsystem gen era11yca11edthe headrest,veh、i cleswhic hthe head restwit hseats,not justfor fort ablefact ismore impo rtanttosa fetyVehicleif in anemergency brake,thebody willhave strongtoandfro,be cause theprinciple ofinertia oc cup、ant bod yswinging,esp ec iallyneck mustfollowI fno headsup portbuffer headrest,neck in jury causedbydama geisver ysur pr ising、4The externa1air bags、2Ada ptiveconstr ai nttechnolog ysyst em ARTSNewadaptiveconstrainttechnologysystem ARTSuse aseries ofsen sors to monit orthedriver seat,seat beltuse,in frontofthe occupanttake qua1ity and1o cationand intensityofthe co11i sion ofthe co1lisionsandcollisionforce direction,then acco rdingtothespec ificinforma tion suchastheco llisionofeachfron tairbag charac te rist ics ofthec rewonreg ulated^Thesyst emcan furtherreduce dueto impro perairbag forc rewonthe damage,espec、3Au tomobile energy-ab sorbingdi rectionco1um n、i allyfor smailer frontrow figure crewAutoabsorb inginautomob ile directiontubing throu gh colli sions ofredistributi ontosteeringwheelwa1lop,wou1d wallopp athto deliversh unt quick ly,makin gtheminimum of1oad onthesteer ingwhee

1、The steeringcolu mnbyh ol1owtube sandsteering bearings formTradit iona1ho1lo wtubes andthesteering columnsteeringbearings isintegral,steeri ngshafttopandsteerin gcon nections,theconnectingw ithdire。