初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解

英语八大时态:一般现在时现在进行时现在元成时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时1一般现在时标志动词原形情况变形方法例词清辅音后读/S/swim-swims一般情况+S浊辅音和元音后help-helps读⑵like-likes辅音字母+结尾+es读⑵go-goes do-doeswatch-watchess/sh/ch/x等结尾+es读/iz/wash-washes辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es读⑵study-studies变have为has变have-has特殊情况have和be动词be为am/is/are be-am/is/are

1.表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用She oftenspeaks English.I leavehome forschool at7every morning.

2.表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等He seemsto feela bitdown today.He worksas adriver.

3.表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中Shanghai liesin theeast ofChina.Columbus provedthat theearth isround.2现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用如for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up tonow,always等或者干脆没t有时间状语；而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用如yesterday,last night,...ago,in1980,inFebruary等o3现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词如live,teach,work,know等;而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词如begin,buy,die,marry等如He haslived inHangzhou since last spring.My grandfatherbought thecar fiveyears ago.

7.易错点辨析1考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达，这是错误的如x He has diedfor two years,他死了两年了V He has beendead fortwo years.V Hedied twoyears ago.x The film hasbegun for10minutes.电影开演十分钟了V Thefilm has been on for10minutes.V Thefilm began10minutes ago.x She has married for three years.她结婚有三年了V She has beenmarriedforthree years.V Shemarried Mikethreeyears ago.）2考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to，尽管两者均可后接地点,但havebeen to表示去过某地（现在已经回来了），have goneto表示到某地去了（现在还没回来）如（）Shehas beentoParis threetimes.ShehasgonetoParis.7过去完成时标志had+动词的过去分词

1.表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态如By theend oflast weekhe hadfinished the work.He hadleft when I arrived.

2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态如We hadnot seeneach othersince Ileft Beijing.Thefilmhad beenonfor5minutes whenI gotto thecinema.（

3.某些表意向的动词如intend,think,plan,expect,hope等）的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算如I hadintended to visit youlast night,but someonecalled and I couldnt getaway.We hadhoped thatyou wouldcome,but youdidn t.

4.（虚拟语气）在条件状体从句或wish/would rather等后面的从句中，使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望如The partywouldn,t havebeen soperfect if you hadnzt come.I wishI hadgone withyou tothe concertthat day.

5.过去完成时与一般过去时）1基本区别过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调过去的过去，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态如He studied there twoyearsago.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）He saidhe hadstudiedtheretwoyearsbefore.他说他两年前在那儿学习过（离他说话时两年））2特别注意两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或者用then,and,but等连词连接时，多用一般过去时如When shesaw themouse,she screamed.My auntgave mea hatandIlost it.8过去将来时标志would+动词原形

1.表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中如He saidhe wouldcome herenext Friday.I knewthat he would helpus whenwe werein trouble.

2.表示过去的动作习惯或倾向The oldman wouldsit ona benchin thequite parkfor hourswithout doinganything.When Iworked onthat farm,I wouldget upat5am.

3.用于虚拟语气中If Iwere you,I wouldnot dothat.If hewere here,hewouldshow ushow todo it.

4.过去将来时的其他形式1was/were going to+动词原形如He toldus that he was going toattend themeeting.She saidthat I wasgoing to besent tomeet herat therailway station.2was/were to+动词原形如The buildingwas tobe completednext month.Li Leiwas toarrive soon.3was/were about to+动词原形如We wereabout toleave therewhen itbegan torain heavilyand suddenly.He was about tohave lunchwhen thebell rang.Where there is awill,thereisa way.

4.表示现在瞬间的动作Here comesthe bus!

5.表示将来）1表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用常见的用法是飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况如The nexttrain leavesat3o clockthis afternoon.How oftendoes theshuttle busrun）2在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情）When Billcomes（不用will come,ask himto waitfor me.I shallgo theretomorrow unlessr mtoo busy.2一般过去时标志动词过去式情况变形方法例词一般情况+ed work—worked不发音e结尾+d live—lived辅苜字母+y结尾变y为i+ed carry-carriedstudy-studiedsupply—supplied重读闭音芋结尾且结尾只有双与最后的辅苜字母+ed plan_planned一个铺音字母stop-stoppedprefer_preferredregret-regretted特殊情况不规则flee—fled fly—flewrun—ran break—broke*闭音节元音字母a,e,i,，u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节Jim rangyou justnow.Liu Yingwas inAmerica last year.

2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，特别是used todo表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去常常如When Iwasakid,I oftenplayed footballin thestreet.She used to visither motheronce aweek.（）*注意区分sb.usedtodo sth.某人过去常常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标志符号（和sb.be usedto sth./doing sth.某人习惯于某物/做某事，此处to是介词）

3.代替一般现在时，表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气此用法仅适用于少数动词如want,hope,wonder,think,intend等及情态动词could,wouldo如I wonderedifyou could have a wordwith me.I hopedyoucouldhelp mewith myEnglish.Would youmind mysitting here

4.虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态常用句型有It istime thatsb.did sth.”某人该做某事了〃would rathersb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事〃3一般将来时标志will/shall+动词原形We shallhave alot ofrain nextmonth.My husbandwill comeback ina fewdays.

2.表示倾向性和习惯性Fish willdie withoutwater.When itgets warmer,the snowwill startto melt.

3.一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析1will/shall+动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情将会如何*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称2be goingto+动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事It isgoingtorain.We aregoingtohaveameeting today.3be to+动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作He istovisitJapan nextyear.We areto discussthe reporton Monday.4be aboutto+动词原形表示即将发生的动作，意为马上要做某事，后面一般不跟时间状语，如:The planeis aboutto start.Don tworry.I amabouttomake aclose examinationon you.4现在进行时标志be+动词的现在分词

1.表示说话时正在进行的动作She iswriting aletter upstairs.Who areyou waitingforIt israining hard.

2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作说话时动作未必正在进行I hearMr.Green iswriting anothernovel.

3.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度副词连用如John isforever askingsilly questionslike astupid.He isalways thinkingof othersfirst.

4.表示将来1表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词如go,come,leave,start,arrive等如Uncle Wangis coming.Theyre leaving for Beijing.2在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情如Please dropin whenyou arepassing myway.If heis stillsleeping,don twake himup.过去进行时标志was/were+动词的现在分词

1.表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the wholemorning,all dayyesterday,from Januaryto Marchlastyear等如:Iwashaving atalk withLucy atthat time.They werewatching TVat homelast night.

2.表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always,constantly,continually,forever等频度副词连用如My brotherwasalways losinghis keys.

3.表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go,come,leave,start,arrive等）如He saidthey wereleavingforBeijing thisafternoon.

4.过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景（一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生）Granny fellasleep whenshe wasreading.It wasraining whenthey left the station.6现在完成时标志have/has+动词的过去分词

1.表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况（表示已完成）如（Hehasleftthecity.结果他目前不在这个城市）Someone hasbroken thewindow.（结果:窗户破了）

2.表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会继续持续下去（表示未完成）I havebeen busysince lastweek.Hehastaught inour schoolfor30years.F vefinished halfso far.注意瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的，但其否定结构则可以如She hasn1t seenyou for ages.His fatherhasn ttouched beerforawhole week.

3.表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态，常与表示频度的副词always,often,every day等连用如:I haveoften heardthatheis thecleverest personin thatcompany.

4.在时间和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作如r IIgo toyour homewhenI have finishedmy homework.If ithas stoppedsnowing inthe morning,we IIgo thepark.

5.与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just,already,yet,before,never,ever,recently等，但常见的有1since自从I havebeen theremany timessince thewar.We haven,t seeneach othersincelastweek.We havebeen friendsever since.2in/for/during thepast/last...years在过去/最近・・・中r vebeen illfor thepast threeweeks.Great changeshave takeplace inthe lastten years.I havebeen herefor thelast/past month.3so far到目前为止We haven,t hadany troubleso far.So farthe searchfor themissing middle-aged womanhas beenfruitless.4up to/until now到现在为止Up tonow hesbeenquiet.Up tonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.I haveheard nothingfrom himup tillnow.Up tillnow wehave plantedover2000trees.5It is/will be the first/second...time that...这是第一/二…次…It sthe first time thatV vebeen here.It willbethefirsttime that rve spokenin public.It isthe secondtimethatI havemet himtoday.6This is+形容词最高级+that...这是最…This isthe bestfilm thatF veever seen.

6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系；而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响如Ihaveseen this film.我已经看过了这部电影（I sawthisfilmyesterday.我是昨天看的这部电影）。