初中英语知识点：被动语态

中考英语被动语态

一、被动语态概念英语有两种语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态（主动语态，句子的主语是动作的执行者）many peoplespeakEnglish isspoken bymany people.（被动语态，句子的主语是动作的承受者）English speak

二、被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由“助动词及物动词的过去分词”构成人称、数和时态的变化是通过的变化be+be表现出来的各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时1Do theyspeak FrenchIs Frenchspoken by them2They dontuse the room.The roomisnt usedby them.一般过去时1The hunterkilled atiger.A tigerwas killed bythehunter.2He wrotemany storieslastMany storieswas writtenby himyear.last year.现在进行时1These workersare buildingaA newbridge is being builtbynew bridge.these workers.2He ismending hiscar.His carisbeingmended by him.过去进行时1He wasselling books.Books werebeing builtby him.2They werediscussing thewas/wereThe planwas beingdiscussed byplanat that time.them at thattime.现在完成时1She haslearned manyMany Englishwords have beenEnglish words.learned byher.have/has+been+p.p.2He hasfinished thework.The workhas beenfinished byhim.过去完成时1They hassolved theThe problemhad beensolved byproblem.them.2We hadtold himthe newsby Thenews hadbeen told to himbythen.us.一般将来时11shall makea plan.A planwill bemade bym.2They aregoing tofix theThe radiois going to befixed byradioin an hour.them inanhour.过去将来时1He told me theywould Hetoldmethe roomwould bepainttheroom.painted by them.was/were going to be2They weregoingtoput onA playwas goingto beput byaplay thenext week.them thenext week.Our homeworkshould behanded情态动词1We shouldhand inourin by us.homework.can/may/must/shouldThe questionmust be2You mustanswer thequestionin English.answered inEnglish byyou.歌诀是被动语态字变，过去分词跟后面be

三、主动语态被变动语态的方法—主动语态We Visitedthat factorylast summer主语、曲宾语状语吩”被动语态That factwas Xsit^T^byuslast summer主语谓语宾语状语把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语注意如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变1为主格Tom killedhim.—He waskilledbyTom.（）把谓语变成被动结构（过去分词）2be+一他们昨天开会了They helda meetingyesterday.A meetingwas heldby themyesterday.（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）（）把主动语态中的主语放在介词之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格例如3byAll thepeople laughed at him.He waslaughedatby allpeople.They makethe bikesin thefactory.The bikesare madebythemin thefactory.歌诀是宾变主，主变宾，短语后面跟by谓语动词变被动，后“过分”来使用be四.如何正确使用被动语态有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主

1.语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面需要注意的是若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词”“t（主动语态）eg.He oftentells usinteresting stories,We are often toldinteresting storiesbyhim.（被动语态）Interestirg storiesareoftentoldtous byhim.▲常带双宾语的词有等tell,show,lend,pass在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不

2.定式来充当，被省略，但在被动语态中，这个还要还原tt（主动语态）eg.I oftenhear hersing this popular song.（被动语态）She isoften heardto singthispopularsong.▲有这种用法的常用动词有使役动词和感官动词make,let,have see,hear,watch,feel,notice等有些+过去分词的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过

3.“be去分词来充当表语）“[Thedoor is closed.门是关着的（系表结构比较（）《1[The doorisclosedby Fengping.这个门是由冯平来关的,（被动语态）⑵fTheglass isbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的（系表结构[The glasswas brokenby Mary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄耶J（被动语态）只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态

4.[Great changeshave taken place in China.（正确）eg.[Great changeshavebeentakenplaceinChina,（错误）

五、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等，当它们被用

1.break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物例This kindof clothwashes well.这本书畅销This booksells well.注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响试比较（指门本身有毛病）The doorwont lock.（指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因）The doorwon^be locked.表示“发生，进行’的不及物动词和短语，如

2.happen,last,take place,break out,come out,come等以主动形式表示被动意义about,come true,run out,give out,turn out这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？How dothe newspaperscome out（）昨天发生了一起事故An accidentwas happened yesterday.xAn accidenthappenedyesterday.布朗先生发生了什么事？What happenedto Mr.Brown系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词等在主系表