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英语六级复习专题一完形填空-固定搭配
1.account for说明…的原因,是…的原因
2.acuse…of・・・控告；谴责
3.allow for考虑到，顾及,为…留出预地
4.appeal to加诸，诉请裁决（或证实等）
5.bring about导致，引起
6.call off取消
7.care for照顾，照料；喜欢
8.check in（在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到
9.check out结帐后离开，办妥手续离去
10.come upwith提出，提供，想出
11.count on/upon依靠，指望
12.count up共计，算出…的总数
13.draw up起草，拟订；（使）停住
14.fall backon借助于，依靠
15.get at够得着，触及；意思是，意指；查明，发现；指责
16.go infor从事，参加；爱好
17.hang onto紧紧抓住；保留（某物）
18.turn out制造，生产；结果是；驱逐；关掉，旋熄
19.take over接受，接管；借用，承袭
20.take in接受，吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗；包括
21.stick out（把…）坚持到底;突出,显眼
22.stick to坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟，紧随；粘贴在…上
23.set out陈述，阐明；动身，起程；开始；摆放
24.set forth阐明，陈述
25.set about开始，着手
26.put infor正式申请
27.refer to…as…把…称作,把…当作
28.pay off还清（债）；付清工资解雇（某人）；向…行贿；得到好结果，取得成功
29.make upfor补偿，弥补
30.look over把…看一逋，把…过目；察看，参观
31.look through详尽核查；（从头至尾）浏览
32.live on靠…生活，以…为食物lie in（问题、事情等）在于
33.lie in（问题、事情等）在于
34.let go（of）放开，松手
35.hold out维持，保持；坚持（要求），不屈服
36.hold back踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保守（秘密等）
37.have anadvantage over胜过.have theadvantage of由于…处于有利条件have theadvantageof sb知道某人所不知道的事
38.take advantageof（=make thebest of,utilize,make use of,profit from,harness）利用一
39.attribute***to***（=to believesth.to bethe resultof♦・・）把.归因于・,,认为.是.的结果
40.begin with以…开始.to beginwith（=first of all）首先，第一（经常用于开始语）、
41.on behalfof（二as therepresentative of）以，••名义
42.get thebetter of（二defeat sb）打败，胜过
43.by birth在出生上，论出身，按血统at birth在出生时；give birthto出生、
44.blame sb.for sth.因…责备某人.blame sth.on sb.把…推在某人身上
45.in blossom开花（指树木）be inblossom开花（强调状态）come intoblossom开花（强调动作）
46.take the floor起立发言
47.be capableof能够，有能力be capableof being+过去分词是能够被…的
48.compare…with…把…与…比较
49.compare…to…把…比作…
50.complain of（or about）抱怨；诉苦;控告；complain about抱怨某人或事情；complaincharge***with,hear of,approve of,prevent-**from,keep-**from,stop***from,refrain from,be engagedin,look forward to,opposed to,depend on,thank---for,feel like,excuse…for,aim at,devote…to,set about,spend-**in,get be used to,be fondof,be capableof,beafraid of,be tiredof,be sickof,succeed in,be interestedin,feel be ashamed of,beproud of,be keenon,be responsible for.作表语The realproblem isgetting to know theneeds of the people.动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语.一般说来，在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词;在表示具体某词动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.作宾语补足语分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,find,keep,get,have等动词后作宾语补足语.The wordsimmediately setus alllaughing.Once wecaught himdozing offin class.His remarkleft mewondering what he wasdriving at.在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词后，及可用现在分词，也可用不定式构成宾语补足语.用现在分词时，表示动作正在发生，用不定式时表示动作发生了.Do youhear someoneknocking at the doorYes,I did.I heardhim knockthree times.作状语现在分词作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.I ranout of the houseshouting.I gothome,feeling verytired.Driving toChicago thatnight,I wasstruck by a suddenthought.现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Not knowingher address,we couldn t getin touchwith her.Seeing nobodyat home,she decidedto leavethem anote.Having alreadyseen thefilm twice,she didnt want to goto thecinema.现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语，相当于when引起的从句Seeing thosepictures,he couldnt helpthinking ofthose memorabledays theyspent together.如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用when或while加分词这种结构.Be carefulwhen crossingthe street.When leavingthe airport,they wavedagain and again to us.She gotto knowthem whileattending aconference inBeijing.前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词或名词的所有格结构，来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.Their coming to helpwas a great encouragementto us.Our soleworry isyour relyingtoo muchon yourself.Do youmind myreading yourpaperThey insistedon mystaying therefor supper.如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，这比用所有格更自然一些.I dont mindhim going.She hatespeople losingtheir temper.只能用动名词作宾语的动词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can thelp,mind,admit,enjoy,leave off,require,postpone,put off,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,deny,endure,escape,miss既可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语的动词love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can t bear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can t afford等.有时两种结构之间意义差别不大，有时却有不同的意思.在remember,regret,want,try等词后差别是比较明显的.I rememberseeing heronce somewhere.I must remember to take mynotebooks withme.I regretnot havingaccepted youradvice.I regretto sayI havent givenyou enoughhelp.She doesnt want（need）to come.The housewants（needs）cleaning.We musttry toget everythingdone intime.Let stry doingthe worksome otherway.悬垂修饰分词作状语时，表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.Walking throughthepark,we sawa lotof flowers.（walking是we的动作，正确）Walking throughthepark,the flowerslooked verybeautiful.（错误）Standing on thetower,we couldsee the whole city.（正确）Standing on the分tower,the wholevillage couldbe seen.（错误）词意义过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义；而现在分词有的来自及物动词，有frozen fooda freezingwind的来自不及物动词，通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.a boredtraveller aboring journeyalost causea losingbattlea conqueredarmy aconquering armyafinished articlethe lastfinishing touchthe spoken worda aspeaking birdtheclosed shopclosing hourarecorded talka recordingmachine来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语，能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词,仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义.the risensun,fallen leaves,faded/withered flowers,returned students,retired workers,departed friends,escaped prisoners,the vanishedjewels,newly-arrived visitors用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在意义上相当于关系分句.Most of the peopleinvited to the receptionwere oldfriends.句法作用作定语distinguished guest贵宾，unknown heroes无名英雄，armed forces武装部队，cannedfood罐头食品，boiled water开水，steamed bread馒头，stricken area灾区分词还可构成合成词作定语simply-furnished room陈设简单的房间，clear-cut answer明确的答复，highly-developed industry高度发展的工业,heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢，hand-made goods手工制品，man-made satellite人造卫星作补足语可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.I sawthe studentsassembled in the hall.We foundher greatlychanged.make,get,have,keep等表示致使”意义的动词I havemy haircut everyten days.She gother badtooth pulledout.Please keepus informedof the latest developments,like,want,wish,order等表示希望，要求，命令等意义的动词I dont wantany of you to be involvedin thescandal.He wontlike suchquestions to be discussedat themeeting.过去分词短语常用作状语，修饰谓语，很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.Guided by these principles,they wenton withthe work,Delighted withher work,they madeherthe generalmanager.过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Influenced byhis example,they performedcountless gooddeeds.有时也可说明动作发生的时间，相当于一个表示时间的状语从句.This method,tried in areas nearShanghai,resulted ina markedrise intotal production.间或也可表示一个假设的情况，相当于一个条件从句.Given closeranalysis,we cansee thisis totallywrong.偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.Picked20years ayear,it growstired onlyafter40or50years.独立结构在用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致.但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构，一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.He rushedinto theroom,his facecovered withsweat.有时可以表示时间Late that autumn,his workfinished,he preparedto returnto his institute.表示原因Her eyesdimmed withtears,she didnot seehim enter.条件All thingsconsidered,her paperis ofgreater valuethan yours,m虚拟语气that从居中wish,would rathersooner,had better:I wishI wereas strongas you.I wishI hadpaid more attention to our pronunciation.I wishI rememberedthe address.I would rather theycame tomorrowyou hadgone theretoo.I hadrather that you toldhim thanI did.suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词后的宾语从句The commanderordered thatall civiliansshould beevacuated.He askedthat hebe givenan opportunityto try.She urgedthat hewrite andaccept thepost.it isdesired,it issuggested,it isrequested,it wasordered,it wasproposed,it isnecessary,it is important,it has been decided等结构后的主语从句中.It was arranged that they leavethe followingweekIt will be betterthat wemeet someother time.suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendations,plan,idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句His solerequirement iswas thatthy systembe adjusted.在某些句型中it is time thatIt is time that wewent或should goto bed.It ishigh timewe shouldput anend to this controversy.as if though引起的从句They talkedare talkingas ifthey had been friendsfor years.It seemsas ifit was were springtoday.He actsacted asifthoughhe werewas anexpert.以lest,for fear that和in case引起的从句这时谓语多用should+动词原形He tookhis raincoatwith himlest itshould rain.He puthis coatover thechild forfearthat或lest heshould catchcold.I11keep aseat for you in case you should needit.以whatever,whoever,no matterwhat这类代词或词组引起的从句这时，谓语多用may加动词原形构成Whatever defectshe mayhave,he is an honestman.Come whatmay,we willgo ahead.不管发生什么情况，我们都要干下去.I acceptthat he is oldand frail;be thatas it may,hesstill a good politician.我承认他年老体衰，然而尽管如此，它仍是优秀的政治家.条件句虚拟条件句主要有下面两类表示现在及将来情况表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况谓语主要形式如下be多用were这个形式:从句主句过去式would+动词原形If Iwere you,I wouldnt loseheart.How niceit would be if you couldstay a bit longer.表示过去情况的虚拟条件句（与事实完全相反的假设情况）,谓语主要形式如下从句主句had+过去分词would have+过去分词She wouldhave comeif wehad invitedher.If Ihadn t taken youradvice,I wouldhave made a badmistake,You wouldn,t havecaught coldifyou had puton moreclothes.有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）.这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整.这种句子可以称为错综时间条件句.If hehad receivedsix morevotes,he wouldbe ourchairman now.If wehadn,t goteverything readyby now,we should be havinga terribletime tomorrow.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是通过一个介词短语来表示.Without music,the worldwouldbea dullplace.We couldhave donebetter under more favorableconditions.That wouldhave beenconsidered miraculousin the past.But for the storm,we shouldhave arrivedearlier.如果条件句从句中包含有were,had,should或could,有时可把if省略掉，并把were,had,should或could放在主语前面.Had wemade adequatepreparation,we might have succeeded.Should therebeaflood,what shouldwe doWereit notfor theirassistance,we wouldbe inserious difficulty.IV介词合成介词和复杂介词合成介词inside,into,onto,out of,outside,throughout,upon within,without复杂介词according to,along with,apart from,as for,as to,because of,by meansof,in frontof,in spite of,instead of,in accordance with,on accountof,on behalfof,owing to,dueto,together with,up to,with regardto,prior to等介词在句末This iswhathe is interestedin.Does everyonehas aseat tosit on名词加介词（n+prep）某些名词之后要求用某些介词solution to,faith in,glance at,need for某些名词之前要求用某些介词on one s guard,atone srequest,in allprobability,to mydelight动词加介词Vi+prep:prevail on,appeal to,fall into,apply for,touch uponVt+0+prep:lay emphasis on,take advantageof等Vi+adv+prep:I dont wishto breakin onyour thoughts.The familycame up against freshproblems.You renot tellingme thewhole story.You reholding out on me.She gotoff withhim soon after shebegan towork atthe institution.Vt+0+adv+prep:You shouldnttakeyour resentmentoutonme.We shouldnt putthe shortagedown tobad planning.形容词加介词about-----anxious,careful,careless,certain,considerate,enthusiastic,guilty,happy,mad,particular,sad,sure,timid,unhappy,etcat-----awkward,bad,clever,disappointed,disgusted,good,marvellous,quick,skilful,skilled,useless,weak,etcfor-----convenient,eligible,grateful,homesick,hungry,necessary,noted,perfect,responsible,etcfrom-----evident,exempt,inseparable,safe,tired,etcin-----deficient,expert,liberal,quick,rich,successful,weak,etcof-----apprehensive,characteristic,critical,destructive,envious,hard,inconsiderate,impatient,dependent,jealous,positive,scared,sensible,short,sick,suspicious,typical,worthy,etc ondependent,keen,intent,etcto-----acceptable,accessible,agreeable,alive,attentive,blind,comparable,courteous,deaf,destructive,essential,favourable,hostile,indifferent,married,obedient,parallel,preferable,related,responsible,sensitive,suitable,unjust,etcwith------awkward,bored,careful,disappointed,generous,identical,ill,impatient,popular,sick,wrong,etcV连词并列连词表不意义的弓I申and,both・・・and,not only*but also,aswe11as,and••,as well,neither***nor表示选择or,either---or表示转折but,while,whereas,yet,however/nevertheless也可认为是副词表示因果for,so,therefore,hence从属连词表示时间when,while,as,after,before,since,until till,as soon as,once表示原因because,as,since,now that,seeing that表示条件if,unless,incase,provided that,suppose,as longas,on conditionthat,表不其他关系al though,than,as/so…as,lest,in orderthat,s…thatVI定语从句限制和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分，去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确；非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质，去掉了不会影响主要意义，通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.The boyswho wanted to playfootball were disappointed when it rained.The boys,who wantedto playfootball,weredisappointedwhenitrained.如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词，或是带有形容词性物主代词my,his,etc或形容词性指示代词this,that,etc作限定词，其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的Mary Smith,who isin thecorner,wants to meet you.Her mother,who hadlong sufferedform arthritis,died lastnight.All thesebooks,which have been donatedby visitingprofessors,are to be usedby thepostgraduates.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人，用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father,who had been on a visitto America,returned yesterday.All the books,which hadpictures in them,were sentto thelittle girl.定语从句的引导词that,who,whom:非限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用who,有时用that作主语时用who较多.如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用宾格whom或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉，在口语中可用who代替whom.Here is the manwhom youvebeenlooking for.He is a manthat you can safelydepend on.The peoplewho/thatyouwere talkingto wereSwedes.There aresome peoplehere whoI wantyou tomeet.但在介词后只能用whom:This is the manto whomI referred.但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去，这时可用that,但省略时更多一些.Have you met the person aboutwhom he was speakingHave youmetthepersonthat he was speakingaboutThe girlto whomI spokeis mycousin.The girlwho/that Ispoke tois mycousin.限制性定语从句如果修饰“物用关系代词that的时候较多，也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时，在绝大多数情况下都是省略的，特别是口语中尤其是当被修饰的词是all,everything等词时Have youeverything youneedIs thereanything I can dofor youAll you have to do is topress thebutton.在介词后只能用which,在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去，这时可以用that,但省略的时候更多一些The toolwith which heis working iscalled awrench.The toolthat heisworking with iscalled awrench.This is the questionabout whichwe ve had so much discussion.This isthe questionthat wevehadso muchdiscussion about.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的，但间或也可以修饰整个句子a,或是句子的一部分b,引导词用which:They haveinvited meto visittheir country,which isvery kind of them.The activitywas postponed,which wasexactly whatwe wantedWhendeeply absorbedin work,which heoften was,he wouldforget allabout eatingandsleeping.She wasvery patienttowards thechildren,which herhusband seldomwas.whose:在表示“・・・的”这个概念时，可用所有格whose;whose用于指物，有时可与of which交替使用，通常的词序是名词词组+of which:Is thereanyone inyour classwhose familyisin the northeastWe had ameeting whosepurpose wascompletely unclear,•••the purposeof whichwas***Hes writtena bookthe nameof whichI vecompletely forgotten,•••whose nameI ve***of which前的名词词组也可以由some,any,none,all,both,several,enough,many,most,few以及基数词担任；这些词也能用在of whom之前.The buses,most ofwhich werealready full,were surroundedby anangry crowd.It sa familyof eightchildren,all ofwhom arestudying music.关系副词when,where,why:它们的含义相当于at which,in which,for which,因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.The daywhen hewas born…on which hewas born***whichhewas bornon---The officewhere heworks•••at whichheworks***whichheworks at***有时可用that替代关系副词，在口语中that可省略.Every timethat thetelephone rings,he getsnervous.This was the firsttime Ihad serioustrouble withmy boss.Do youknow anywherethat I can geta drinkThis istheplace wherewe metyesterday.That isthe reasonwhy he did it.在the way后也可用that替代in which,在口语中that也可省略.This isthe waythat/in whichhedidit.That sthe wayI look at it.如果定语从句中谓语为there is,作主语的关系代词也常可省掉I must make fulluse of the time there isleft tome anddo as much asI canforthe people.This isthe fastesttrain that there is to Nanjing.定语从句的简化定语从句与不定式结构，-ing分词结构，-ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.He wasthe only one torealize the danger=who realizedthedanger.The womandriving thecar=who wasdriving thecar indicatedthat she was goingto turnleft.The maninjured by the bullet二who wasinjured bythe bulletwas taken to hospital.Allthe womenpresent=who werepresent lookedup inalarm.vn倒装全部倒装和部分倒装如果谓语在主语前面，就是倒装语序.倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装.在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面Here aresome registeredletters foryou.In camea manwith awhite beard.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分如助动词，情态动词，或系动词be等放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语后面Under nocircumstances musta soldierleave hispost.I couldnt answerthe question.Nor couldanyone elsein ourclass.Only in this wayis itpossible toaccomplish theabove-mentioned glorioustask.以neither,nor,so等开始的句子由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人或东西的句子肯定句，由neither,nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人或东西的句子否定句，助动词或be置于主语前.“We muststart forthe work-site now”.“So mustwe.”I amquite willing to helpandso arethe others.He didn,t dropany hint.Nor Neitherdid hissecretary.“I wont dosuch a thing.”“Nor Neitherwill I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管是用so开头，语序也不要颠倒.“It wascoldyesterday.So itwas.”^Tomorrow will be Monday.”“So itwill.v当句首状语为never,little,not only,not until,hardly,scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时，一般引起部分倒装.No longerare theystaying withus.No soonerhad hearrived therethan hefell ill.Under nocircumstances couldI agreeto such a principle.表示位置或方向的副词提前，谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时，通常用全部倒装There was a suddengust ofwind andaway wenthis hat.The doorburst openand Irushed thecrowd.There comesthe bus!Now comesyour turn.
1.如果主语是代词，仍用正常语序There comesyour turn.有here引起，谓语为be的句子，也要倒装Here isChina slargest tropicalforest.Here aresome picture-books.
2.如果主语是代词，仍用正常语序Here we are.This isthe newrailway station.“Give mesome paper.”“Here you are.”
3.表语和系动词提前介词短语On the other sidewas northernXinjiang.Near thesouthern end ofthevillage wasa largepear orchard.形容词Very importantin thefarmer s life isthe radioweather report.Worst of all werethe humiliationshe suffered.副词Below is a restaurant.Southwest ofthe reservoirwere2,000acres ofsandy wasteland.分词Housed in the CulturalPalace area library,an auditoriumand recreationrooms.Hidden undergroundisawealth ofgold,silver,copper,lead andzink.Lying onthefloorwasaboy agedabout
17.Standing besidethe tablewas aninterpreter.6）句首状语若由only+副词，only+介词词组，only+状语从句构成，引起局部倒梨.Only yesterdaydid hefind outthat hiswatch wasmissing.Only throughsheer luckdid hemanage toget some tickets.Only because there weresome cancelledbookings did he getsometicketsin theend.有not only开头的句子或分句，往往引起局部倒装Not onlydidhecomplain aboutthe food,he alsorefused to pay forit.Not onlydid thegarage overchargeme,but theyhadn,t donea verygood repairjob either.vm比较级和最高级无比较级和最高级的形容词及副词complete,perfect,utter,etc比较从句as…as,almost/just/nearly as…as,not so/as••,as:We11give youas muchhelp aswe can.I havent madeas muchprogress asI should.We veproduced twiceas muchcotton thisyear aswe didten yearsago.My commandof Englishis not halfso（as）good as yours.than,so much/a lotmore than,no more***than,not more*than,less thanmore…than,less…than可表示“与其说…不如说…”He is more goodthan bad.He wasless hurtthan frightened.The presentcrisis incapitalist countriesis muchmoreapolitical than an economiccrisis.“no+形容词或副词比较级+than所表示的可以是该形容词或副词的相反的含义no richthan=as pooras nobigger than=as smallas nolater than=as earlyas Johnis nobetter thanTom.I havetaken nomore thansix coursesthis semester,the more…the more（越是…就越…）Actually,the busierheis,the happierhe feels.The morethey talked,the moreencouragedthey felt,more ofa,as much ofa,less ofa,etc:当as muchofa…as,more/less ofa••,than等结构与单数可数名词搭配时，名词只能置于比较结构中间.He ismore ofa sportsmanthan hisbrother.IX名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句.主语从句有三类由what等代词引导的主语从句:what表示“…所…的（东西）在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句；whatever表示“所…的一切；whoever表示“一切…的人”.What youneed ismore practiceWhat is hardis to do goodall one,slifeand neverdo anythingbad.Whatever wassaid heremust be keptsecret.Whatever I have isat yourservice.Whoever comeswillbewelcome.Whoever failsto seethis willmake abig blunder.由连词that引起的主语从句这类主语从句在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去，而用代词it做形式上的主语That weneed moreequipment isquite obvious.It isimpossible that I maynot able to come.It doesnt seemlikely thatshe willbe here.在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉It sgoodyou reso considerate.It sa pityyou missedsuch afine talk.由连接代词或连接副词（或whether）引起的主语从句这类主语从句，也可以放到句子后部去，前面用it做形式上的主语.When we shall have our sports meet isstill aquestion.to sb.about sth.or sb向某人抱怨…；complain抱怨;complement补充;complimento恭维delight in二take greatpleasure indoing sth喜欢，取乐take adelight in喜欢干…,以…为乐demand sth.from sb.向某人重求物质的东西deprive sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物deviate from偏离，不按…办onadiet吃某种特殊饮食，节食differ from…in与…的区别在于…dispose of=get ridof,throw away处理掉beyond dispute不容争议的，无可争议in dispute在争议中be distinctfrom=be differentfrom与…截然不同distinguish between=make orrecognize differences辨另Udistinguish…from把…与…区别开do awaywith=get ridof;abolish;discard eliminate除去，废除，取消；do awaywith=kill杀掉，镇压come offduty下班at large=at liberty,free在逃，逍遥法外at large=in general一般来说，大体上atlarge=at fulllength;with details详细地accuse---of---=charge---with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about指控,控告allow for=take intoconsideration,take into account考虑至U,估计至ll amountto=to beequal to总计，等于answer forundertake responsibilityfor,be liablefor,take chargefor对・・・负责abide by=be faithfulto;obey忠于；遵守comply with二act in accordancewith a demand,order,rule etc遵守，依o从、•、.apply tosb.for sth.为…向…申请;apply for申请；apply to适用apply to与…有关;适用arise from=be causedby由-,•弓I起arrive on到达；arrive at到达某地小地方；得出，作出；arrive in到达某地大地方；be ashamedof=feel shame,guilt orsorrow because of sth.done以・・・为羞耻assure sb.of sth.=try tocause to believe ortrust insth向•一保证,使・・・确o信attach to=to fix,fasten;join缚，系，结attend to=give ones attention,care andthought注意，照顾；attendon upon=wait upon,serve,look after侍候，照料inaccordancewith=in agreementwith依照，根据on ones ownaccount1为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2=atone,s ownrisk自行负责3二by oneself依靠自己on account赊账；on accountof因为；on noaccount不论什么原因也不；of••account有….重要性take---into account=consider把,.考虑进去account for二give anexplanation orreason for解释，说明on accountof二becauseof由于，因为be accustomedto=be in the habit of,beused to习惯于be acquaintedwith=to haveknowledge of了解；=to havemet socially熟悉act on奉行，按照…行动；act as扮演；act for代理adapt oneselfto=adjust oneselfto使自己适应于adapt*--for=make sth.Suitable fora newneed改编，改写以适应新的需要inaddition=besides止匕夕卜,又,加之in additionto=as wellas,besides,other than除，••夕卜adhere to=abide by,conform to,comply with,cling to,insist on,pe rsistin,observe,opinion,belief粘附；坚持，遵循It isstill aquestion whenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Whether he will join us wont maketoo muchdifference.It wontmaketoo muchdifference whetherhe willjoinus.2宾语从句和主语从句及表语从句一样，宾语从句也有以上三类.a）连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.Tell mewhat youwant.I justcan timagine howhe couldhave donesuchathing.Haveyoudecided whomyou are to nominateasyourcandidate.能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discover,discuss,understand,inform,advise等.这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语I dont knowwhether thesefigure areaccurate.rmwondering ifthe letteris overweight.这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语Has sheinformed youwhen they aretohold themeetingPlease adviseme whichbook I should readfirst.有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语Whether thatisagood solutiondepends onhow youlook atit.He wasnot conscious of whatan importantdiscovery hehad made.I wascurious as to whathe wouldsay next.b）用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍,在很多动词如boast,say,think,insist,wish,hope,suppose,see,believe,agree,acknowledge,admit,deny,expect,explain,confess,order,command,suspect,dream,suggest,propose,know,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,report,urge,以及doubt的否定和疑问式后面都可以用它.X情态动词may/might表示允许和可能允许询问或说明一件事可不可以做.May Itrouble youwith aquestionYou maytake thisseat ifyou like.He askedif hemight glancethrough myalbum.You mightas wellspeak yourmind.（比may••显得婉转——些）可能表示一件事或许发生（或是某种情况可能会存在）.You maywalk tenmiles without seeing ahouse.She wasafraid theymight notlike theidea.A badthing might be turnedto goodaccount.might表示请求Might Iask fora photographof yourbaby（比May I…更客气一些）can t,couldn,t表示否定的推测She can tbeserious.A moresuitable bookcan tbe found.（It is not possibleto finda moresuitable book.）He couldnt（can t）be overfifty.should,ought to:表示应该做的事，ought to比should口气稍重一些.You should（ought to）do as he says.You shouldnt oughtnttotalk like that.但这两者间也有一些差别，在表示责任，义务等该做的事情时，常用ought to,在表示某件事宜于做时，多用should,在下面的句子中这两个词就不宜换用You arehis father.You ought totakecare of him.We shouldnot usetoo manybig words in oureveryday speech.will,wouldshall,should表示意愿情态动词后接进行式，完成式和完成进行式情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语，表示”应该正在…”，“想必正在…”这类意思:Why shouldwe besitting heredoing nothingThis isn twhat Ioughtto be doing.She mightstill bethinking aboutthe questionyou raised.They mustmay be waiting for us,let shurry up.They cantbeusing theroom now.情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语，表示”应当已经…”，“想必已经…”这类意思I shouldhave thought of that.They shouldn,t haveleft so soon.She musthave arrivedby now.You neednthave told themthat.Where cancould hehave goneHecanthave finishedthe worksosoon.He maynot haveachieved allhis aims.But hiseffort ispraiseworthy.We oughtto havegive youmore help.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式构成谓语,表示”应当一直在…”，“想必一直在…”这类意思They aresweating allover.They musthave been working in the fields.They mayhave beendiscussing the problem thismorning.You shouldhave been waiting forus.Why haven,t youShecouldnthave beenswimming allday.翻译预测经济危机给我的企业造成了如此巨大的冲击我们能够赢得这场战斗他总被视作团队中最不稳定的因素六级复习专题三作文模板Chapter One文章开头句型1-1对立法先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题.
[1].Recently therise inproblem of/phenomenon of...has cause/arousedpublic/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
[2].Recently the issue ofthe problemof/the phenomenonof...has beenbrought intofocus.has beenbrouth topublic attention
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yetanother ofthe newand bittertruthwe haveto learnto facenow/constantly.-------To becontinued!!1-3观点法一一开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
[1].Never historyhas the change of・・been asevident as...Nowhere in the world/Chinahas theissue/idea of・・benn morevisible/popular than...
[2].Now peoplein growing/significant numbersare beginnig/comingtorealize/accept/beaware that...
[2].People usedto thinkthat...In thepast,....But peoplenow sharethis new.Chapter2文章中间主体内容句型原因结果分析3-1-
1.基本原因--分析某事物时，用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
[1].Why...For one thing..For another
[2].The answerto this problem invovlesmany factors.For onething...For anotherStill another...
[3].A number of factors,both physicaland psychologicalaffect..../both individualand social contributeto....3-1-2另一原因-----------------在分析了基本原因之后，再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用！
[1].Another importantfactor is....
[2]....is alsoresponsibleforthechange/problem.
[1].It willproduce aprofound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
1.两者比较--比较两事物，要说出其一超过另一个，或肯定一事物的优点，也肯定其缺点的时候用！
[1].The advantagesgained fromA aremuch greater than theadvantages wegain fromB.
[2].Indeed,A carriesmuch weightwhen comparedwith B.
[3].There isno doubtthat ithas itsnegative effectsas wellas positiveeffects.3-2-
2.两者相同/相似---------------比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用！
[2].A bearssome srikingresemblances toB.Chapter Three文章结尾形式2-1结论性-----------------通过对文章前面的讨论，引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点.
[2].Obviously,if we ignore/are blindtothe problem,there isevery chancethat willbeput indanger.2-3号召性-----------------呼吁读者行动起来，采取行动或提请注意.
[2].It isessential thareffective measuresshould betakentocorrect thetendency.2-4建议性-----------------对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见，包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.
[2].Awareness/Recognition ofthe problemisthe first steptoward thesituation.2-5方向性的结尾方式一一其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的，大体的方向或者指明前景.
[1].Many solutionsare beingoffered here,all of them makesome sense,but none is adequateenough.The problemshould berecognized ina wideway.
[2].There isno quickmethod totheissueof..,but..mightbehelpful/benefical.
[2].In anycase,whether it is posotiveor negative,onethingis certainthat itwillundoubtedly结尾万能公式
1.结尾万能公式一如此结论Obviously止匕为过渡短语,we candrawtheconclusion thatgood mannersarise frompolitenessand respectfor others.to sumup,in conclusion,in brief,on accountof this,thusThus,itcanbe concludedthat---,Therefore,we canfind that---
2.结尾万能公式二如此建议Obviously,it ishigh timethat wetook some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly,I recommendthat somemeasures betaken.Consequently,to solve the problem,somemeasuresshould betaken.写作的“七项基本原则”
一、长短句原则As acreature,I eat;asaman,I read.Although oneaction is tomeetthe primaryneedof mybody and theotheris tosatisfy theintellectual needof mind,theyareinaway quitesimilar.强烈建议在文章第一段开头用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了
二、主题句原则To beginwith,you mustwork hardat yourlessons andbe fullyprepared beforethe exam主题句.Without sufficientpreparation,youcanhardly expectto answerall thequestionscorrectly.
三、一二三原则5to beginwith,then,furthermore,finally强烈推荐6to startwith,next,in addition,finally强烈推荐7first andforemost,besides,last butnot least强烈推荐8most importantof all,moreover,finally9ontheone hand,ontheother hand适用于两点的情况10for onething,for anotherthing适用于两点的情况说明原因型模板一这个模板的中文大意是在某种场合，发生某种现象，并提供一些相关数据，然后列出这种现象的三个原因，并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因，最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法总的来说，利用这个模板写英语作文，是相当容易的，您只要将适当的内容，填写到对应的方括号中，一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成下面就是这个模板Nowadays,therearemore andmore［某种现象］in［某种场合］.It isestimated that［相关数据］.Why have there beenso many［某种现象］Maybe the reasons canbe listedas follows.The firstone is［原因一］.Besides,［原因二］.The thirdoneis［原因三］.To sumup,themain causeof［某种现象］is dueto［最主要原因］.It ishigh timethat somethingwere doneuponit.For onething,［解决办法—.On theother hand,［解决办法二］.All thesemeasureswill certainlyreduce the number of［某种现象］.模板二These dayswe oftenhear that
1.It iscommon that
2.Why doessuch circumstanceoccur inspiteofsocial protectsFor onething,
3.For another,
4.Whatismore,since5,it isnatural that
6.To solvetheproblemis noteasy atall,but is worth trying.We shoulddo somethingsuchas7to improvehe presentsituation,and I do believeeverything willbe betterinthe future.英语四六级作文35个加分句型——、the+est.+名词+（that）+主词+have ever+seen（known/heard/had/read,〜〜〜〜etc）the most+形容词+名词+（that）+主词+have ever+seen（known/heard/had/〜read,etc）例句Helen isthe mostbeautiful girlthatI have everseen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩Mr.Chang isthe kindestteacher thatIhaveever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师
二、Nothing is+erthan to+V Nothingis+more+形容词+than to+V例句Nothing〜〜〜ismoreimportant thanto receiveeducation.没有比接受教育更重要的事
三、cannot emphasize the importance of toomuch.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为〜〜〜〜〜〜过）例句We cannotemphasizethe importanceofprotecting oureyes toomuch.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过
四、There isno denyingthat+S+V.・.（不可否认的...）例句There isno denyingthat the qualities of our livinghave gonefrom badto worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下
五、It isuniversally acknowledgedthat+句子〜〜（全世界都知道・・.）例句It isuniversally acknowledgedthat treesare indispensable tous.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的
六、There isno doubtthat+句子（毫无疑问的...）〜〜例句There isno doubtthat oureducational systemleaves something to bedesired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意
七、An advantageof〜〜〜is that+句子（...的优点是・・・）例句An advantageof using the solarenergy is that itwon，t create（produce）anypollution.用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染
八、The reasonwhy+句子〜〜〜is that+句子（・.•的原因是・・・）例句The reasonwhy wehavetogrow treesis thatthey canprovide uswith freshair./The reasonwhy wehavetogrow treesis thatthey cansupply freshair forus.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气
九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子（如此.・・以致于・・・）例句So preciousistimethat we can，tafford to wasteit.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它
十、Adj+as+Subject（主词）+be,S+v（虽然...）〜〜〜例句Rich asour countryis,thequalitiesofourliving areby nomeans satisfactory,{by nomeans=in noway=on noaccount一点也不}虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意
十一、The+er+S+V,…-++V〜〜the+er SThe+more+Adj+S+V,the+more+Adj+S+V〜〜〜（愈..・愈・・.）例句The harderyou work,the moreprogress youmake.你愈努力，你愈进步The morebooks weread,the morelearned webecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问
十二、By+Ving,s can〜〜（借着・・・，・・能够・.）彳列句By takingexercise,we canalways stayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康
十三、enable+Object（受词）+to+V（..使・・能够・・）例句Listening tomusic enableusto feelrelaxd.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松
十四、On noaccount canwe+V~~~（我们绝对不能・・・）例句On noaccount canwe ignorethe valueof knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值
十五、It istime+S+过去式（该是・・・的时候了）例句It istimetheauthorities concernedtook propersteps tosolvethetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了
十六、Those who~~~（・・・的人・・.）例句Those whoviolate trafficregulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚
十七、There isno onebut~~~（没有人不・・・）彳列句There isno onebut longsto goto college.没有人不渴望上大学
十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不・・・）例句Since the examination isaround thecorner,I amcompelled to give updoing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动
十九、It isconceivable that+句子（可想而知的）It isobvious that+句子（明显的）It isapparent that+句子（显然的）例句It isconceivable thatknowledge playsan importantrole in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色
二十、That isthe reasonwhy~~~（那就是・・・的原因）例句Summer issultry.That isthereasonwhy I dont likeit.夏天很螟热那就是我不喜欢它的原因二H、For thepast+时间，S+现在完成式・・.（过去・・・年来，・・・一直・・・）例句For thepast twoyears,Ihave been busypreparing fortheexamination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试
二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式例句Since hewent tosenior highschool,he hasworked veryhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功
二十三、It paysto+V（・・,是值得的）彳列句It paysto helpothers.帮助别人是值得的
二十四、be basedon（以..•为基础）on harmony.例句The progressof theesociety isbased社会的进步是以和谐为基础的
二十五、Spare noeffort to+V（不遗余力的）例句We shouldourenvironment.spare noeffort to beautify我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境
二十七、be closely related to（与・・・息息相关）例句Taking exerciseis做运closelyrelatedto health.动与健康息息相关of+Ving makeit arule to+V（养
二十八、Get intothe habit成...的习惯）habitofkeeping goodhours.We shouldget intothe我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving,（因为・・・）例句Thanks因to hisencouragement,I我终finally realizedmy dream.为他的鼓励,于实现我的梦想Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!（多
三十、What么・・・！）thing it is tokeep ourWhatan importantpromise!How例句keep ourpromise!athingitistoimportant遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
一、desired（令人不满意）Leave muchto be例句Theour trafficleaves muchto bedesired.condition of我们的交通状况令人不满意
三十二、Have a great influence例句on（对...有很大的影响）Smoking hasagreat抽烟对我们的健康influence onour health.有很大的影响
三十三、do goodto（对...有益），do harmto（对・・,有害）例句Reading doesgood读书toourmind.对心灵有益Overwork doesharm工作to health.过度对健康有害
三十五、do one，s utmost to doonesbest（尽全力去・..）例句We shoulddo ourutmosttoachieve ourgoal inlife.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标作文中结束语
1.The mosteffective meanstosolvethisproblemis thatcase,..In that
2.Everything hasits owntwo sides,no exceptionwith AAA.For onething,_______________.for another,____
3.My experiencetells methat toprocess,and in this needsa thoroughand perseveringprocessyouhad better abidebytheprinciplesmentioned above.
4.On thewhole,itishigh timethat werecognized thesignificance of
5.As aresult,we shouldtake someeffective methodsto.
6.Judging bythe figures,wecandraw aconclusionthat.
7.In aword,thewholesociety shouldpay closeattention totheproblemof.Only inthisway caninthefuture.
8.In myopinion,we shouldplace muchemphasisontheimportanceof.
9.But andhave theirown advantages.For example,_______________,while.Comparing thosetwo,however,I preferto
10.In myopinion,is justas commonas.If,itmaybe veryuseful.Whatever,the keypointlies in.
11.Are theiropinions correctTo mymind,thefirstidea seems.As forthe secondidea,.
12.As apopular sayinggoes,.In myopinion whatreally countsisnot,but.I believerthatas longas,we will.So I am forthe opinionthat.
13.In myopinion,both sidesare partlyright.When we,we shouldtake intoconsiderationall aspectsoftheproblems,and thenmake theright decision.
14.Personally,I believerthat.Consequently,Im confidentthatabright futureis awaitingusbecause.
15.In myopinion,all ofthepeopleshould bebrave enough to showour disapprovalandcriticism whenconfronted with.预测作文押题明星代言问题On theCelebrity Spokesperson（celebrity名人，名流;名声,著名；知名人士，社会名流）（spokesperson代言人；（男/女）发言人）Currently,we couldhardlylive a single daywithoutseeinga celebrityspokespersonpromoting aproduct ora socialcampaign onTV,net orother media.This isanintensely populartrendthatwecannot fail to notice,currently现在;一般;流畅地；目前现在;通称地，普遍地，当前；目前，眼前地campaign战役;运动，活动；竞选运动；从事运动；竞选运动;作战，出征intensely强烈地，极度；紧张地，认真地;热情地，热切地fail不及格;失败;失灵，失去作用；（指健康）衰退，变弱，消失;破产，失去支付能力;缺乏，不足，（作物）歉收boost一举，一抬，一推;推动，帮助，促进;提高，增加host主人，东道主;旅馆老板;节目主持人;寄主，宿主;主机一大群，许多emerge浮现，出现；发生，显露，暴露;摆脱，露头，出头fake伪造，捏造，冒充;假装;欺骗，迷惑；冒牌货，仿造品；冒充者，骗子inferior低等的，下级的；次的，较差的;低于他人者，部下，属下；次品produce生产，出产，制造，创作;生育；拿出，出示，提出；上演，上映，播放，出版;引起，产生，招致negative否定的，否认的；片面的，消极的impact冲击，撞击，碰撞;冲击力，撞击力;影响，作用severely严格地,严厉地，严重地，严肃地;朴实无华地criticize批评，批判;苛求,非难penalize对・・・处刑，规定.•・应处刑；是不利，对...不公平；处罚endorsement背书，签署；赞同，支持;背书保证，找明星代言household一家人，家眷，家庭，户；普通的，为人所知的关于选秀节目Over thepast couple of years,a varietyof talentshows haveemerged onTV channelsacross the nation,from SuperGirls toHappy Boysand soforth.This typeof entertainmentprogramis intenselypopular,especially amongyoung adultsand hasproduced profoundimpactson theirstudies andlife.There area coupleof reasonsbehind thetide.To startwith,young folksneed role modelsto learn from.So manyof themare crazy for contestantsparticipating inthese programs.This givesrise tothe increasingemergence ofthese showsbecause TVnetworks naturallyneedto cater to youngaudiences.Plus,thanks toeconomic andpolitical reformscarriedout bythe government,this cropof younggeneration havemore freedomand desire to expressandshowcase themselves.Therefore,agrowingnumber of young peopledesiretoget involvedinthese shows.This isa divisivetopic.On mypersonal level,the talentshow isa superbmeans ofrelaxingand amusingand canhugely relieveour strains.As college students,however,wecould not afford toindulge inthem andshouldbeaware ofthe utmostimportanceofstudies.a coupleof一对，几个，三两个;两三个;两个，几个a varietyof种种;各种各样,不同种类；多种多样的;若干不同的and soforth等等,诸如此类，如此等等intensely强烈地，极度；紧张地，认真地;热情地，热切地profound深深的，深刻的，深切的，深度的；渊博的，造诣深的，深奥的;深邃的，很深的;全然的，完全的tide潮，潮汐，潮水;浪潮;潮流，趋势，形势;潮水般的奔流;使随潮水漂流rolemodel榜样角色，模范young fogey穿着举止造作的中产年轻人.folk广大成员，人们；民间的，民众的，通俗的somuchof甚至于crazyfor渴望contestant参加竞赛者，角逐者;质疑者;竞争者;选手;参赛人participate in参加；参与，参加,分享give riseto引起;是发生，造成；导致为...的原因；导致，产生emergence出现，浮现，露头；上升，出射，羽化network网眼织物；网状物;广播网，电视网；电脑网络；网络，网路caterto迎合，为・・・服务；款待；投合naturally自然地，天然地，自然而然plus力口，加上;外加，另有
93.adjacent（=next to,close to）毗邻的，临近的
94.adjusto.（to）（=change slightly）调节；适应；英语六级复习专题二翻译一语法精要I动词（时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等）时态1）现在完成进行时态（have/has been+-ing分词构成）动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I vebeen writingletters foran hour.I vebeen sittinginthegarden.2）过去完成进行时（由hadbeen+ing分词构成）过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作Idbeenworkingfor sometime whenhe called.Wehadbeenwaitingfor herfor two hours bythe time she came.3）将来完成进行时将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By nextsummer,hewill have beenworking herefor twentyyears.In anothermonth stimeshe11have beenstudying herefor threeyears.4）将来完成时（由shall/willhave+过去分词构成）将来某时会业已发生的事.I shallhave finishedthis onebefore lunch.They11have hitthe year,s targetbytheendofOctober.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型，例如He wassaid to be jealous of her success.It wassaid thathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed thatthe shiphasbeen sunk.The shipissupposedto have beensunk.担当be supposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如Why areyou drivingso fastinthisarea You are supposedto knowthe speedtoknowthespeed limit.（你应该晓得速度限制）双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He wasaskeda numberofquestions atthe pressconference.Two dayswere allowedthem for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态She wascalled BigSister byeverybody.Then hewas madea squadleader.He wasconsidered quitequalified forthe job.The roomwas alwayskept cleanand tidy.短语动词Vi+advThe planetook offtwohourslate.Vi+prepthanks to幸亏，由于political reform政治改革carry out实现;完成，落实，贯彻;执行，进行到底crop同时产生的一批，一群;大量[S][+of].showcase展示，炫耀；陈列a numberof一些；若干，许多；一些，许多involve in涉及，卷入，使进入，使连累；牵涉，包含divisive区分的;分裂的；引起不和的superb堂皇的，宏伟的，华丽的；极好的，上乘的，一流的；卓越的，杰出的；出色的amusing有趣的，好玩的；引人发笑的hugely巨大地，非常地indulge in沉溺于，纵情于，享受于，沉湎于;喜爱食品安全问题On theFood SecurityOverthepastcoupleofyears,several casesofthefood scandalhave beendisclosedon variousmedia.The problemof foodsecurity hasbecome ahot buttonacross society.Theprevalence offood insecurityhas greatlyimpacted publichealth,which thegovernment couldnotaffordto ignore,according tothe onlineedition ofthe PeopleDaily.There area coupleof drivingforces,1would argue,behind thisundesirable tide.First,inthecourse ofthe rapideconomic evolution,weignoremoral education,giving risetothe risingrate oftheproblem.More importantly,the lackof adequateregulation andpunishmenton thoseillegal producersenforces thetrend.As Confuciusinstructed,itisbetter latethan never.Prompt andstrict measuresshouldbe takento turnback thisevil trend.The governmentshould launcha massive moral campaigntoeducate allcitizens anddraw uptougher lawsto crackdown onthose irresponsiblecorporationsand prohibitthem fromentering thefood industryagain.I amfirmly convincedthatthrough ourcombined effortswearebound toenjoy morerisk-free foodsinthedaysahead.社会不文明现象On UncivilizedBehaviorsWe cannotfailtonotice thatcountless uncivilizedbehaviors existinour daily lives,such asspitting,talking loudly,littering,saying nastywordsinpublic placesand soforth.All theseare badmanners thatwe shouldnot losesight of.As anancient landenjoying asplendidcivilization spanningover5,000years,China iswitnessing asurge inimproperacts thatevery Chinesecitizen shouldfeel ashamedof.Uncivilized behaviorsbya host ofChineseboth athome andabroad haveseriously-affected China,s image,according toaneditorial postedon PeopleDaily sofficial website.As Chinese,we shouldnot getoffended whenothers pointout ourweaknesses butshouldfocus moreattention onimproving ourselves.We shouldstrive toidentify the causes ofthoseimproper behaviorsand findways toeliminate them.There areahostof causes,I wouldargue,behind this trend.To nameonlyone:the lackof moraleducation.The governmentshould wageamassivemoralcampaign tofight againstthistrendand weourselves shouldendeavor tobehavedecently inourdailylives.As collegestudents ofthe newage,we shouldtake theleadingrole.感恩On Cultivatingthe Senseof GratitudeOncollege campusesacross thenation,thereisa noticeablephenomenon thatwe cannotaffordtoignore:far toomany youngcollegestudentslack thesense ofgratitude,one ofthecountless traditionalvirtues of this ancientland witha splendidcivilization spanningover5,000years.These youngadults werenot andare notaware ofthe hugeimportance ofexpressinggratitude tothose whoonce helpedthem,from teachersto parentsandsoforth.Personally,I deemthattheroot causeof studentswithout a graceful heartisthattheyreceive aneducation notvaluing themoral sphere.I stronglybelieve thatjoint effortsfromfolks acrosssociety arethe finalremedy forthis socialheadache.As younguniversitystudents ofthe newera,we shouldmake ourown contributionstothiscause.Imagine aworldwithout thesense ofgratitude.This kind of worldis doomedto failure.Simply put,we shouldjoinour handsto heightenour awarenessof fosteringagracefulheart.Only inthis waycanwe buildour societyintoaharmonious one.My fellowstudents,I begyou toact fromnowon.大学生使用信用卡现象On CreditCardAt present,a widevareity of credit cardsissued bymajor banksand shoppingmalls arethrivingin collegesand universitiesacrossthenation,withamultitude ofcollege studentsmakingupagrowing populationof cardholders.Indeed,one out of fivestudents isestimatedto bein possessionof atleast onecredit card,andthefigure isexpected to be onthesteady increse,thelatestdata publishedby YangtzeEvening Postsuggests.Like anythingprior tothe emergenceofthissmall pieceof plastic,the increasingpopularityofcreditcard oncampus hasboth brightand darksides.On theone hand,youngadults incollege,free fromthe troubleof pocketinga considerablesum ofcash,could enjoytheconvenience ofcredit cardsand purchaseexpensive goodsby installments.On theotherhand,however,the irresponsibleand excessiveuseofthe cardsby theseyoungsters,themajority ofwhom arefresh outof middleschool incapableof budgetingtheir money,can makethemheavily indebt whichwill takethem yearstopayoff.附大学英语六级听力考试新题型解读
一、听力理解题型解读听力部分旨在通过听力的方式考查考生对于校园生活，日常交际以及一些科普与历史文化信息获取和判断推理能力，从而测试考生的听力与综合理解能力听力部分的录音材料均为标准的英音和美音朗读，语速约为每分钟150个单词，属于正常语速考试时间为35分钟，分值占六级考试总分的35%o共分为三个部分对话部分，包括短对话和长对话，占分值的15%；短文理解部分，占分值的10%；复合式听写部分，占分值的10%（-）对话部分短对话与长对话均采用选择题的形式进行考查，短对话共8组，每组为一轮对话和一个问题，长对话共两段，每段为7-8轮对话，后面有3-4个问题每个问题后有13秒的答题时间考试时对话内容和问题均只读一遍
（二）短文部分通常由3篇文章组成，每篇240-260个单词，每篇后面有3-4题，共10题每个问题后也是有13秒的答题时间考试时短文内容和问题也只读一遍
（三）复合式听写主要包括单词听写与句子或从句听写两种考查方式，从不同层面考查了考生的听力理解、文意把握以及词汇速记等综合能力，属于新题型，文章为240-260字，前8个空要求准确填入所缺单词，后三个空格较长，要求考生将所听到的内容用原文或自己的话表达出来考试时全文朗读三遍，第一遍朗读时中间没有停顿，要求考生听懂全文大意；第二遍朗读时，在每个空格所在句的后面都有停顿，以便考生可以填写所缺内容；第三遍朗读时没有停顿，目的是供考生校对所填内容
二、应试要点与解题技巧（-）改革后听力理解的要求听力理解部分测试学生获取口头信息的能力，包括理解主旨大意、重要事实和细节、隐含意义，判断话语的交际能力、说话人的观点、态度等大学英语六级考试听力理解部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中较高要求，即“能基本听懂英语国家人士的谈话和讲座，能听懂题材熟悉、篇幅较长的国内英语广播或电视节目，语速为每分钟150词左右，能掌握其中大意，抓住要点和相关细节能听懂外国专家用英语讲授的专业课程”
（二）听力理解的应试要点
1.听力理解的考前准备要求a.掌握听力考试的一般题材，如校园生活、人际交往、科技文化以及人物传记等平时注意积累一些欧美文化的常识性知识b.就听力考试常考题材准备一定的词汇，词汇是听力理解的基础词汇的累积如同登上，要稳步向前，重在坚持不懈另外，要有目的的记忆，以《教学要求》所涉及的词汇范围为蓝本，以泛记和精记相结合泛记的词是指在听音时只需辨别词汇本身含义的词；而需精记的词是指那些除了了解词汇本身的含义，还要熟知其用法和搭配的词汇C.熟悉标准的英式与美式发音，基本了解常用词汇在发音上的区别由于部分考生的个人偏好，有时厚此薄彼，这点在考前需要调整d.注意听写的训练有些考生平时会购买大量的听力材料进行训练，做大量的习题，虽然成绩会有所提高，但是还远达不到预期的目标，究其原因是其复习方法还有待改进大部分考生购买听力资料之后只会用它来做大量的习题，殊不知这些对话，尤其是短文还是听写的良好素材听力理解的难点，并非仅仅在于听不懂单词，即使是能够读懂的文章，如果出现较多的弱读或连读，仍然会让考生为难，而听写不仅可以增强我们的瞬时记忆功效，还可以帮助我们适应和熟悉英美发音的连读和弱读，甚至还可以巩固我们的词汇掌握e.注意泛听和精听的结合文武之道，贵在一张一弛，听力训练也是如此，精听练习适用于那些难度较高，题材具有很强代表性的材料，比如历年真题，而泛听练习则适用于那些选材广泛，形式多样，内容时尚的素材，比如英语新闻，各类电视辅导性英语节目精听的目的在于提高考生的听力理解能力，熟悉考试题型，而泛听的目的在于帮助考生熟悉各类发音，增强词汇的敏感性，了解不同领域更加广泛的词汇表达
2.听力理解的考试技巧听力部分考试技巧有个十六字决看题猜题一马当前不识既过无字亦书具体的意思就是在听力录音开始前，先将题目快速浏览一遍，在浏览的过程中不仅要对即将播出的听力素材的内容有个初步判断，同时还必须学会“猜题”听力考试时碰到听不懂的词句，切不可纠缠其中，这样很容易影响后面的答题效果对于新增长对话部分和短文理解部分，其信息量远远大于考生可以瞬时记忆的能力范畴，因此，有效的做笔记也是解题的一个关键，做笔记时可以采用一些简单明了的方法来节省时间，例如because/.thereforeV true/correct Xwrong/false notsure/question或者采用单词的几个字母缩写来代表整个单词另外要听清楚提问问题所在，考生在浏览选项进行推测判断时切不可忽略听力中所提的问题，免得虽听懂了原文的内容，却因没有注意细节内容，仍选择错误对于听力中没有记录，没有听清以及似是而非的题目，不要放弃，要学会从出题者的角度来选择答案心理上要放轻松，树立自己的自信心听力理解的考试技巧具体到不同的部分既有区别也有共性，本书后面会按照不同的题型,分别加以论述They lookedround theCathedral.Vi+prep有被动语态She slooking afterher sisters children.The childrenwere alwayswell lookedafter.Vi+adv+prepI beganto lookforwardtotheir visits.Vt+0+advSome womenchoose tostay athome andbring uptheir children.The childrenwere broughtup bytheir mother.They tookhim on.Vt+adv+0无被动语态I amtrying togive upsmoking.Vt+0+prepWe talkedDonald intoagreement.省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略在有些状语从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a,或者主语是it b,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分特别是动词be省略掉.Look outfor carswhen crossingthe street.When takenaccording tothe directions,the drughas noside effects.While therehe joinedin voluntarylabour ona project.Although notyet sixmonths old,shewasabletowalk withoutsupport.If notwell managed,irrigation canbe harmful.Though reducedin numbers,they gainedin fightingcapacity.This viewpoint,however understandable,is wrong.Enemies,once discovered,were tightlyencircled andcompletely wipedout.She hurriedlyleft theroom asthough/if angry.She workedextremely hardthough stillrather poorin health.Fill inthe applicationas instructed.Whenever known,such factsshouldbereported.The documentswillbereturned as soonassigned.He saidthat noacrobat couldever performthose daringfeats unlesstrained veryyoung.Once havingmadeapromise,youshouldkeep it.If necessaryI11havethe letter duplicated.Fill inthe blankswith articleswherever necessary.If possible,Ishouldlike to have twocopies ofit.As scheduled,they meton January20attheChinese Embassy.在以thana或asb引起的从句中，常会有一些成分省略.He toldme not to usemore materialthan itis necessary.We shouldthink moreofthecollective thanof ourselves.They workedwith asmuch enthusiasmas youngpeople did.He is now avice-manager,but stilloften worksinthekitchen asbefore.Their trainingis free,as isall education.We will,as always,stand onyour side.错误的省略His lifeis asfully committedto booksas anyoneI know.While standingthere inher nightgown,two bulletsstruck thewall besideher.一致如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,together with,as wellas,asmuchas,no lessthan,morethan等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry,along withher friend,goes skatingevery Saturday.An expert,together withsome assistants,was sentto helpinthiswork.The captain,as wellasthecoaches,was disappointedintheteam.代词作主语时的一致each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待.Each of us hassomethingtosay.Is everybodyreadySomebody isusingthephone.Neither ofus hasgone throughregular training.Has eitherofthem told yousome,few,both,many等作复数some可后接复数，也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多，但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念，但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数None ofthebooksare easyenough forusNone ofus seemto havethoughtofit.None=notasingle one ofushas gota camera.None=nobody hasfelt itmore keenlythan shedid.None ofthis worriesme.all和most可后接复数，也可接不可数名词all ofthe…，most ofthe…，动词用单数.由and或both…and连接名词词组时,后用复数；由not only…but also,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.Not onlythe switchesbutalsothe oldwriting hasbeen changed.My sisteror mybrother islikely to be athome.Either youor MrYang isto dothe work.Neither mywife norI myselfam ableto persuademy daughterto changeher mind.如果一个句子是由there或here引导，而主语又不止一个，谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.There wascarved inthe boarda dragonandaphoenix.Here isa pen,a fewenvelopes andsome paperforyou.people,police,cattle,poultry家禽，militia民兵等通常都用作复数.Cattle aregrazing onthe pasture.The policeare lookingfor him.有些集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据意思来决定.His familyisn,t verylarge.His familyare allmusic lovers.The committeemeets twicea month.The committeeare dividedin opinion.The audiencewas enormous.The audiencewere greatlymoved atthe words.有些名词单复数同形，可根据意思决定谓语动词的数This newseries isbeginning nextmonth.These newseries arebeginning nextmonth.This speciesisnowextinct.These speciesare nowextinct.表示时间，重量，长度，价值等的名词，尽管仍是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词也可用单数形式（当然用复数动词也是可以的）Three weekswas allowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.One hundredli wascovered inasinglenight.其他问题书名，国家名用单数Tales fromShakespeare isa bookby CharlesLamb.学科名，如mathematics,economics用单数.many a或more thanone所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式Many aperson hashad thatkindofexperience.More thanone personhas involvedinthecase.anumberof后接复数，thenumberof后接单数A numberof bookshave beenpublished onthe subject.The numberof bookspublished onthe subjectis simplyamazing.one ofthose后用单数.在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式Joan isone ofthose peoplewho gooutoftheir wayto behelpful.当one之前友the only等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one而定，即采用单数形式He isthe onlyone ofthose boyswho iswillingtotake onanother assignment.II非谓语动词不定式形式主动形式被动形式一般式to doto bedoneto havedone to havebeendone完成式进行式to bedoing完成进行式tohavebeen doing完成式不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与主要谓语表示的动作（状态）同时（或儿乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生.假如不定式所表示的动作，在谓语所表示的动作（状态）之前发生，就要用不定式的完成式.I amglad tohave seenyour mother（=I amglad Ihave seenyour mother）.（比较Iamglad tosee you.）He issaid tohave writtena newbook aboutworkers.He pretendednottohave seenme.进行式如果主要谓语表示的动作状态发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时要用不定式的进行式.Youarenot supposedtobeworking.You havent quiterecovered yet.We didnt expectyou tobewaitingforushere.He pretendedtobelistening attentively.完成进行式在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作，就要用不定式的完成进行式.The strugglewas knowntohavebeen goingfor twentyyears.We arehappy tohavebeenworkingwithyou.被动式当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式.It isan honour for metobeasked tospeak here.She hatedtobeflattered.He wantedthelettertobetyped atonce.Thisisbound tobe foundout.There area lotof thingstobedone.She wastoo youngtobeassigned suchwork.功用不定式可以作主语a,宾语b,表语c,定语d或是状语e.a.To scoldher wouldnot bejust.b.We areplanning tobuild areservoir here.c.One ofour maintasks now istomechanize agriculture.d.Do youhave anythingto declaree.We havecome tolearnfromyou.不带to的不定式在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,hear,watch,smell,feel,notice等，或是表示“致使”意义的have,make,let等，其后的不定式结构不带to.John madeher tell him everything.这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to的不定式一般还原为带to的不定式.She wasmade totellhimeverything.在hadbetter,had best,wouldrather,would sooner,would justassoon,might justaswell,cannot but等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to.Idrather nothave eggsand baconfor breakfast.They cannotbut accepthis term.在make do,make believe,let drop,let fall,let fly,let slip,let drive,let goof,letthere be,hear say,hear tell,leave goof等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式.John letfly atorrent ofabuse atme.r veheard tellofhim.在动词help或help+宾语之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式.Can Ihelp tolift thisheavy box在介词except,but之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，不定式一般不带to,反之带to.There isnothing to do exceptwait till it stops raining.Smith will do anythingbut workonafarm.There,snochoice butto waittillitstopsraining.连词rather than,sooner than置于句首时，其后的不定式不带to.Rather thanpush thebook backashewantedtodo,he forcedhimself topick itup.出现在句中其他位置时，其后的不定式有时带to,有时不带to.He decidedto writerather thantelephone.The managerbelieves itisimportantto investin newmachinery ratherthantoincrease wages.用作补语的动词不定式，如果主语是由用作+关系分句”，“thing+关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing+不定式结构”等构成，并带有d的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to,也可以不省.What hewilldoistospoil thewhole thing.Allyoudo nowis completethe formTheonly thingIcando nowis goon bymyself.The thingtodonowisclear upthis mess.The leastIcandoisdrive everybodyelse closertotheissue.不定式的其他用法too…to结构通常表示否定意义She wastoo youngto understand all that.enough…to结构则表示肯定意义She wasnot oldenoughtounderstandallthat.not too,but too,all too,only too等和不定式连用时，不定式一般不表示否定意义He sonlytoo pleasedto helpher.so…asto这种结构也可用不定式作状语Be sokind asto dropin sometime whenyouarefree.如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语It isnot hardfor onetodoabitof good.It isagreathonourforus tobe presentat thisrally.在以某些形容词如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等作表语时，不定式前可加一个of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况It skindofyou tothink somuchofus.ItisAwfully goodofyouto comeand meetus.It svery niceofyoutobeso considerate.It sunwise ofthemtoturn downthe proposal.V+ing形式现在分词及动名词形式完成式如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式.He didn,t mentionhaving metme.I regretnot havingtaken heradvice.在某些动词后或成语中，常用或可以用动名词的一般形式，尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.Excuse mefor cominglate.I dont rememberever seeinghim anywhere.现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中，表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.Having beenthere manytimes,he offeredtobeour guide.Having foundthecause,they wereabletopropose aremedy.另外，独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.The guestshaving left,they resumedtheir discussion.The children,having eatingtheir fill,were allowedto leavethe table.被动式当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动形式.His beingneglected bythe hostadded tohis uneasiness.He couldn,t bearbeing madefun oflikethat.但要注意，在want,need,deserve,require等动词后，尽管表示的是被动的意思，却用动名词的主动形式.My penneeds filling.The pointdeserves mentioning.This problemrequires studyingwith greatcare.在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.Her methodisworthtrying.现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语，宾语补足语，状语及用于独立结构中.Thisisoneofthe experimentsbeing carriedon inour laboratory.You11find thetopic beingdiscussed everywhere.Being askedtogivea performance,she couldnt verywell refuse.These aresold atreduced prices,the defectsalways beingpointed outtothecustomers.完成被动式如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.I dontrememberhaving everbeen givena chanceto trythis method.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式，而用一般被动形式代替，以免句子显得累赘.现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.Having beengiven suchagoodchance,how couldshe letit slipawayThe decisionhaving beenmade,the nextproblem washow tomake agood plan.All thecompositions havingbeen writtenand collected,the teachersent thestudents home.句法功用作主语Walking isgood exercise.It snice talkingto you.There isno denyingthe factthatthenew methodhas greatlyraised labourproductivity.作宾语Your shoesneed polishing.You mustn,t delaysending thetractors over.He avoidedgiving usa definiteanswer.作介词宾语动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多.它常可以用在某些成语后面，常见的有:insist on,persist in,think of,dream of,object to,suspect---of,accuse・・・of,。
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