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成果形式:实践报告华为校外实训华为学习成果名称:华为学习
一、实践目的了解网络行业现状与背景
1.通过实际项目学习锻炼，让大学生认识了解当今ICT行业的就业现状、市场需求、发展前景，了解前沿的发展技术，常规的设计理念，使其清晰认识所学专业的社会价值与自我实现的核心价值观通过企业专业技术人员的技术专题报告，让大学生了解网络基础知识，流行网络的基本连接方法，基本的网络建造，基本的网络故障排除，华为路由交换（数通）设备的安装和调试了解网络工程项目实施过程
2.通过讲解工程项目案例，让学生认识、了解网络工程项目的投标、需求分析、方案设计、网络组建、部署、设备调试、安装、优化等环节，进而了解项目的整体开发流程及项目管理基础知识了解常用的软件、工具、设备
3.通过讲解网络工程所必需的软件的基本操作，让学生更深入的了解网络工程师工作的实质，了解如何解决现有网络中存在的问题，了解网络中常用的路由器，防火墙，交换机等设由上述回显信息中的灰色部分可以看出，S2已经变成新的根桥关闭S2的G0/0/9和G0/0/10端口，从而隔离S1与S2,模拟S2发生故障[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdownSldisplay stp--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTC or TCN received:174TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime since last TC:0days Oh:12m:51soutput omit在上述回显信息中，灰色部分表明当S2故障时，S1变成根桥，然后开启S2之前关闭的接口[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo shutdownSldisplay stp--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/20000CIST RegRoot/IRPC:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0CIST RootPortld:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active TimesCIST Root/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTC or TCN received:146TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelast TC:0days Oh:2m:20soutput omit在上述回显信息中，灰色部分表明S2已经恢复正常，重新变成根桥步骤三控制根端口选举在S1上执行dispgy stp brief命令查看端口角色Sldisplay stpbriefMSTID PortRole STPState Protection0GigabitEthernetO/O/9ROOT FORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/10ALTE DISCARDINGNONE上述回显信息表明G0/0/9是根端口，G0/0/10是Alternate端口通过修改端口优先级，使G0/0/10成为根端口，G0/0/9成为Alternate端口修改S2上G0/0/9和G0/0/10端口的优先级缺省情况下端口优先级为128端口优先级取值越大，则优先级越低在S2上,修改G0/0/9的端口优先级值为32,G0/0/10的端口优先级值为16因此，S1上的G0/0/10端口优先级值大于S2的G0/0/10端口优先级,成为根端口[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp portpriority32[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]stp portpriority16提示此处是修改S2的端口优先级，而不是修改S1的端口优先级S2display stpinterface GigabitEthernet0/0/9--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTC or TCN received:147TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelast TC:0days Oh:7m:35sNumber ofTC:41Last TCoccurred:GigabitEthernet0/0/10------------------[Port34GigabitEthernet0/0/9][FORWARDING]Port Protocol:EnabledPort Role:Designated PortPortPriority Port:32Cost DotlT:Config=auto/Active=20000Designated Bridge/E,ort:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/
32.34Port Edged:Config=default/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransit Limit:6packets/sProtection TypePort:NoneSTP Mode:STPPort ProtocolType:Config=auto/Active=dotlsBPDU Encapsulation:Config=stp/Active=stpPortTimes TC or TCN:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s RemHop20:35send TC or TCN:2receivedBPDU Sent:1013TCN:0,Config:1013,RST:0,MST:0BPDU Received:2TCN:2,Config:0,RST:0,MST:0Last forwardingtime:2016/11/2210:00:00UTCS2display stpinterface GigabitEthernet0/0/10--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRootIRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTC orTCN received:147TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelast TC:0days Oh:8m:19sNumber ofTC:41Last TCoccurred:GigabitEthernet0/0/10------------——[Port35GigabitEthernet0/0/10][FORWARDING]Port Protocol:EnabledPort Role:Designated PortPortPriority:16Port CostDotlT:Config=auto/Active=20000Designated Bridge/Port:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/
16.35Port Edged:Config=default/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransit Limit:6packets/sProtection Type:NonePort STPMode:STPPort ProtocolType:Config=auto/Active=dotIs BPDUEncapsulation:Config=stp/Active=stpPortTimes:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s RemHop20TC orTCN send:35TC orTCN received:1BPDU Sent:1032TCN:0,Config:1032,RST:0,MST:0BPDU Received:2TCN:1,Config:1,RST:0,MST:0Last forwardingtime:2016/11/2210:00:11UTC掌握接口速率的配置方法掌握使用手动模式配置链路聚合的方法•掌握使用静态LACP模式配置链路聚合的方法•掌握在静态LACP模式下配置接口优先级的方法•拓扑图S1L S2/‘G02/9G0Z0/9I Trunk场景您是公司的网络管理员现在公司购买了两台华为的S5700系列的交换机,为了提高交换机之间链路带宽以及可靠性，您需要在交换机上配置链路聚合功能图Li以太网链路聚合拓扑图操作步骤步骤一以太网交换机基础配置华为交换机接口默认开启了自协商功能在本任务中，需要手动配置S1与S2上G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口的速率首先修改交换机的设备名称，然后查看S1上G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口的详细信息Quidwaysystem-view[Quidway]sysname SI[SI]display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9GigabitEthernetO/O/9current state:UP Lineprotocol current state:UP Description:Switch Port,Link-type:trunknegotiated,PVID:1TPID:8100Hex,The MaximumFrame Lengthis9216r1IP SendingFrames Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardware addressis d0d0-4ba6-aab0Current systemtime:2016-11-2314:18:37Port Mode:COMMON COPPERSpeed:1000,Loopback:NONEDuplex:FULL,Negotiation:ENABLEMdi:AUTO,Flow-control:DISABLELast300seconds inputrate256bits/sec,0packets/secLast300seconds outputrate912bits/sec,0packets/secInput peakrate13976bits/sec,Record time:2016-11-2214:59:12Input:8802packets,1242101bytesUnicast:854,Multicast:7017Broadcast:931,Jumbo:0Discard:0,Pause:0Frames:0Total Error:0CRC:0,Giants:0Jabbers:0,Fragments:0Runts:0,DropEvents:0Alignments:0,Symbols:0Ignoreds:0Output peakrate13976bits/sec,Record time:2016-11-2214:59:12Unicast:231,Multicast:49564Broadcast:3700,Jumbo:0Discard:0,Pause:0Total Error:0Collisions:0,ExcessiveCollisions:0Late Collisions:0,Deferreds:0Buffers Purged:0Output:53495packets,7626413bytesInput bandwidthutilization threshold:
80.00%Output bandwidthutilization threshold:
80.00%Input bandwidthutilization:0%Output bandwidthutilization:0%[SI]display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10GigabitEthernet0/0/10current state:UPLine protocolcurrent state:UPDescription:Switch Port,Link-type:trunknegotiated,PVID:1,TPID:8100Hex,The MaximumFrame Lengthis9216IP SendingFrames1Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardware addressis d0d0-4ba6-aab0Current systemtime:2016-11-2314:22:22Port Mode:COMMON COPPERSpeed:1000,Loopback:NONEDuplex:FULL,Negotiation:ENABLEMdi:AUTO,Flow-control:DISABLELast300seconds inputrate72bits/sec0packets/seczLast300seconds outputrate1024bits/sec,0packets/secInput peakrate14032bits/sec,Record time:2016-11-2214:59:12Input:7025packets,786010bytesUnicast:0,Multicast:7025Broadcast:0,Jumbo:0Discard:0,Pause:0Frames:0Total Error:0CRC:0,Giants:0Jabbers:0,Fragments:0Runts:0,DropEvents:0Alignments:0,Symbols:0Ignoreds:0Output peakrate14032bits/sec,Record time:2016-11-2214:59:12Unicast:150,Multicast:49709Broadcast:4648,Jumbo:0Discard:0,Pause:0Total Error:0Collisions:0,ExcessiveCollisions:0Late Collisions:0,Deferreds:0Buffers Purged:0Output:54507packets,7979793bytesInput bandwidthutilization threshold:
80.00%Output bandwidthutilization threshold:
80.00%Input bandwidthutilization:0%Output bandwidthutilization:0%在修改接口的速率之前应先关闭接口的自协商功能，然后将S1上的G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口的速率配置为100Mbit/s[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/0/9]undo negotiationauto[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]speed100[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiationauto[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed100同样的方法将52上的60/0/9和60/0/10接口的速率配置为1001\/1攻Quidwaysystem-view[Quidway]sysname S2[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo negotiationauto[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]speed100[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiationauto[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed100验证SI上的G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口的速率已配置成功[SI]display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9GigabitEthernetO/O/9current state:UPLine protocolcurrent state:UPDescription:Switch Port,Link-type:trunknegotiatedrPVID:1,TPID:8100Hex,The MaximumFrame Lengthis9216IP SendingFrames1FormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2,Hardware addressis d0d0-4ba6-aab0Current systemtime:2016-11-2314:29:45Port Mode:COMMON COPPERSpeed:100,Loopback:NONEDuplex:FULL,Negotiation:DISABLEMdi:AUTO,Flow-control:DISABLE......output omit......[SI]display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10GigabitEthernet0/0/10current state:UPLine protocolcurrentstate:UPDescription:Switch Port,Link-type:trunknegotiated,PVID:1TPID:8100Hex,The MaximumFrame Lengthis9216rfIP SendingFrames FormatisPKTFMT_ETHNT_2Hardware addressis d0d0-4ba6-aab0rCurrent systemtime:2016-11-2314:32:53Port Mode:COMMON COPPERSpeed:100,Loopback:NONEDuplex:FULL,Negotiation:DISABLE Mdi:AUTO,Flow-control:DISABLE......outputomit......步骤二配置手动模式的链路聚合在S1和S2上创建Eth-Trunk1,然后将G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口加入（）Eth-Trunk1注意:将接口加入Eth-Trunk前需确认成员接口下没有任何配置0[SI]interface Eth-Trunk1[Sl-Eth-Trunkl]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]eth-trunk1[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk1[S2]interface Eth-Trunk1[S2-Eth-Trunkl]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk1[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk1验证Eth-T runk的配置结果[SI]display eth-trunk11sEth-Trunkl state information is:WorkingMode:NORMAL Hasharithmetic:According toSIP-XOR-DIPLeast Active-linknumber:1Max Bandwidth-affected-linknumber:8Operate status:up NumberOf UpPort InTrunk:2PortName StatusWeightGigabitEthernet0/0/9Up1GigabitEthernet0/0/10Up1[S2]display eth-trunk11Eth-Trunkl s state information is:WorkingMode:NORMAL Hasharithmetic:According toSIP-XOR-DIPLeast Active-linknumber:1Max Bandwidth-affected-linknumber:8PortName StatusWeightGigabitEthernetO/O/9Up1GigabitEthernet0/0/10Up1回显信息中灰色阴影标注的部分表明Eth-Trunk工作正常，成员接口都已正确加入步骤三配置静态模式的链路聚合LACP删除S1和S2上的G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口下的配置[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]undo eth-trunk[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo eth-trunk[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo eth-trunk/[S2-GigabitEthernet0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo eth-trunk创建Eth-Trunk1并配置该Eth-Trunk为静态LACP模式然后将G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口加入Eth-Trunk lo[SI]interface Eth-Trunk1[Sl-Eth-Trunkl]mode lacp[Sl-Eth-Trunkl]quit[SI]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/9[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]eth-trunk1[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk1[S2]interface Eth-Trunk1[S2-Eth-Trunkl]mode lacp[S2-Eth-Trunkl]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk1[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk1备转发性能，接口数目，规格大小，工作环境等性能了解企业的需求
4.・明通过实习，让学生了解企业的用人需求，了解行业的服务理念为将来就业奠定基础5确就业目标通过实习，让学生明确就业目标，在大学期间就做好相关的技能准备工作树立正确的企业学习理念
6.通过实习，让学生明白主动学习的重要性，树立正确的学习态度，不是为了完成学习任务而学习在校期间不仅仅学习学校开设的一些基础课程，同时还要不断提升沟通交流能力、组织管理能力（积极参加学校组织的各种活动就是很好的锻炼）
二、实践内容
1.初步掌握网络基础理论、理解网络行业发展情况；
2.初步具备初级网络工程师能力
3.了解使用网络搭建及测试的工具；
4.了解网络工程、网络安全等基础技术和初级操作能力
5.了解使用网络工程常用软件；
6.了解撰写简单故障分析报告；
7.掌握工程项目的流程设计及文档编写
8.掌握网络设备以及工具操作方法，熟悉华为的路由交换设备的使用
9.掌握网络工程的基本命令和常用搭建的使用方法
10.掌握连接、访问、操作远程协议的方法使用
11.了解项目开发的设计一策划一需求分析一网络设计一完成的流程，掌握项目分析、设查看交换机上Eth-Trunk的信息，查看链路是否协商成功[SI]display eth-trunk1Eth-Trunkl sstate informationis:Local:LAG ID:1WorkingMode:LACPPreempt Delay:Disabled Hasharithmetic:According toSIP-XOR-DIPSystem Priority:32768System ID:d0d0-4ba6-aab0Least Active-linknumber:1Max Active-linknumber:8Operate status:up NumberOf UpPort InTrunk:2ActorPortName StatusPortType PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstate WeightGigabitEthernetO/O/9Selected100M327681289101111001GigabitEthernet0/0/10Selected100M327682289101111001Partner:ActorPortName SysPriSystemID PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstateGigabitEthernetO/O/932768d0d0-4ba6-ac2032768128910111100GigabitEthernet0/0/1032768d0d0-4ba6-ac2032768228910111100在SI上配置LACP的系统优先级为100，使其成为LACP主动端[SI]lacp priority100配置接口的优先级确定活动链路[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]lacp priority100[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/9]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]lacp priority100验证Eth-T run k的配置结果[SI]display eth-trunk11Eth-Trunkl sstateinformationis:Local:LAG ID:1WorkingMode:LACPPreempt Delay:Disabled Hasharithmetic:According toSIP-XOR-DIPSystem Priority:100System ID:d0d0-4ba6-aab0Least Active-linknumber:1Max Active-linknumber:8ActorPortName StatusPortType PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstate WeightGigabitEthernetO/O/9Selected100M1001289101111001GigabitEthernet0/0/10Selected100M1002289101111001Partner:ActorPortName SysPriSystemID PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstateGigabitEthernetO/O/932768d0d0-4ba6-ac2032768128910111100GigabitEthernet0/0/1032768d0d0-4ba6-ac2032768228910111100[S2]display eth-trunk1Eth-Trunkl*sstateinformationis:LAG ID:1WorkingMode:LACPLocal:Preempt Delay:Disabled Hasharithmetic:According toSIP-XOR-DIPSystem Priority:32768System ID:d0d0-4ba6-ac20Least Active-linknumber:1Max Active-linknumber:8Operate status:up NumberOf UpPort InTrunk:2ActorPortName StatusPortType PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstate WeightGigabitEthernetO/O/9Selected100M327681289101111001GigabitEthernet0/0/10Selected100M327682289101111001Partner:ActorPortName SysPriSystemID PortPriPortNo PortKeyPortstateGigabitEthernetO/O/9100d0d0-4ba6-aab0100128910111100GigabitEthernet0/0/10100d0d0-4ba6-aab0100228910111100配置文件[SI]display current-configuration!Software VersionV200R008C00SPC500sysname SIlacp priority100*interface Eth-Trunklmode lacpinterface GigabitEthernetO/O/9eth-trunk1lacp priority100undo negotiationautospeed100interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10eth-trunk1lacppriority100undo negotiationautospeed100return[S2]display current-configuration!Software VersionV200R008C00SPC500sysname S2interface Eth-Trunkl modelacpinterface GigabitEthernet0/0/9eth-trunk1undo negotiationauto speed100interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10eth-trunk1undo negotiationauto speed100*return
四、实践体会云计算cloud computing是分布式计算的一种，指的是通过网络“云”将巨大的数据计算处理程序分解成无数个小程序，然后，通过多部服务器组成的系统进行处理和分析这些小程序得到结果并返回给用户云计算早期，简单地说，就是简单的分布式云计算cloud computing是分布式计算的一种，指的是通过网络“云”将巨大的数据计算处理程序分解成无数个小程序，然后，通过多部服务器组成的系统进行处理和分析这些小程序得到结果并返回给用户云计算早期，简单地说，就是简单的分布式计算，解决任务分发，并进行计算结果的合并因而，云计算又称为网格计算通过这项技术，可以在很短的时间内几秒种完成对数以万计的数据的处理，从而达到强大的网络服务现阶段所说的云服务已经不单单是一种分布式计算,而是分布式计算、效用计算、负载均衡、并行计算、网络存储、热备份冗杂和虚拟化等计算机技术混合演进并跃升的结果“云”实质上就是一个网络，狭义上讲，云计算就是一种提供资源的网络，使用者可以随时获取“云”上的资源，按需求量使用，并且可以看成是无限扩展的，只要按使用量付费就可以，“云”就像自来水厂一样，我们可以随时接水，并且不限量，按照自己家的用水量，付费给自来水厂就可以从广义上说，云计算是与信息技术、软件、互联网相关的一种服务，这种计算资源共享池叫做“云”，云计算把许多计算资源集合起来，通过软件实现自动化管理，只需要很少的人参与，就能让资源被快速提供也就是说，计算能力作为一种商品，可以在互联网上流通，就像水、电、煤气一样，可以方便地取用，且价格较为低廉总之，云计算不是一种全新的网络技术，而是一种全新的网络应用概念，云计算的核心概念就是以互联网为中心，在网站上提供快速且安全的云计算服务与数据存储，让每一个使用互联网的人都可以使用网络上的庞大计算资源与数据中心云计算是继互联网、计算机后在信息时代有一种新的革新，云计算是信息时代的一个大飞跃，未来的时代可能是云计算的时代，虽然目前有关云计算的定义有很多，但总体上来说，云计算虽然有许多得含义，但概括来说，云计算的基本含义是一致的，即云计算具有很强的扩展性和需要性，可以为用户提供一种全新的体验，云计算的核心是可以将很多的计算机资源协调在一起，因此，使用户通过网络就可以获取到无限的资源，同时获取的资源不受时间和空间的限制云计算这个概念从提出到今天，已经差不多10年了在这10年间，云计算取得了飞速的发展与翻天覆地的变化现如今，云计算被视为计算机网络领域的一次革命，因为它的出现，社会的工作方式和商业模式也在发生巨大的改变追溯云计算的根源，它的产生和发展与之前所提及的并行计算、分布式计算等计算机技术密切相关，都促进者云计算的成长但追溯云计算的历史，可以追溯到1956年，ChristopherStrachey发表了一篇有关于虚拟化的论文，因为正式提出虚拟化虚拟化则是今天云计算基础架构的核心，是云计算发展的基础而后随着网络技术的发展，逐渐孕育了云计算的萌芽计、开发的技术使每个学生都能参加项目的实践练习，从而培养学生独立工作能力，使学生得到全面的锻炼和提高
三、实践过程配置STP学习目标掌握启用和禁用STP的方法•掌握修改交换机STP模式的方法•掌握修改桥优先级，控制根桥选举的方法•掌握修改端口优先级，控制根端口和指定端口选举的方法•掌握修改端口开销，控制根端口和指定端口选举的方法•掌握边缘端口的配置方法•拓扑图
3.1配置STP实验拓扑图S S2场景1G0/0/9G3/0/9您是公司的网络管理员，G3为/0/1了3避免网络中的环路G问3/0/题13，需要在网络中的交换机上配置STP本实验中，您还需要通过修改桥优先级来控制STP的根桥选举，并通过配置STP的一些特性来加快STP的收敛速度操作步骤步骤一配置并验证STP为了保证实验结果的准确性，必须先关闭无关的端口配置STP之前，先关闭S1上的G0/0/
1、G0/0/
2.GO/O/
3.GO/O/
13.G0/0/14，，端口S2的G0/0/
1、G0/0/
2.GO/O/
3.G0/0/
6.G0/0/7端口S3上的E0/0/
1、E0/0/
7.E0/0/13端口，S4上的E0/0/
1、E0/0/
6.E0/0/14端口确保设备以空配置启动如果STP被禁用，则执行stp enable命令启用STPQuidwaysystem-viewEnter systemview,return userview withCtrl+Z.[Quidway]sysname SI[SI]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/1[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/1]shutdown[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/1]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]shutdown[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit[SI]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/3[Sl-GigabitEthernetO/O/3]shutdown[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit[SI]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]shutdown[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]quit[SI]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/14[SI-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]shutdown[Sl-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]quitQuidwaysystem-viewEnter systemview,return userview withCtrl+Z.[Quidway]sysname S2[S2]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/1[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit[S2]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/2[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit[S2]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/3[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit[S2]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/6[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/6]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/6]quit[S2]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/7[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/7]shutdown[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/7]quitQuidwaysystem-viewEnter systemview,return userview withCtrl+Z.[Quidway]sysname S3[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/1[S3-Ethernet0/0/l]shutdown[S3-Ethernet0/0/l]quit[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/13[S3-Ethernet0/0/13]shutdown[S3-Ethernet0/0/13]quit[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/7[S3-Ethernet0/0/7]shutdownQuidwaysystem-viewEnter systemview,return userview withCtrl+Z.[Quidway]sysname S4[S4]inter Ethernet0/0/1[S4-Ethernet0/0/l]shutdown[S4-Ethernet0/0/l]quit[S4]inter Ethernet0/0/14/[S4-Ethernet0/14]shutdown[S4-Ethernet0/0/14]quit[S4]interface Ethernet0/0/6[S4-Ethernet0/0/6]shutdown本实验中，SI和S2之间有两条链路在S1和S2上启用STP,并把S1配置为根桥[SI]stp modestpInfo:This operationmay takea fewseconds.Please waitfor amoment...done.[SI]stp rootprimary[S2]stp modestpInfo:This operationmay takea fewseconds.Please waitfor amoment...done.[S2]stp rootsecondary执行display stpbrief命令查看STP信息MSTID PortRole STPState ProtectionSldisplay stpbrief0GigabitEthernetO/O/9DESI FORWARDINGNONE工0GigabitEthernet0/0/10DES FORWARDINGNONES2display stpbriefMSTID PortRole STPState Protection0GigabitEthernetO/O/9ROOT FORWARDINGNONE0GigabitEthernet0/0/10ALTE DISCARDINGNONE执行display stpinterface命令查看端口的STP状态Sldisplay stpinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/10--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledCIST RootType:Primary rootTC orTCN received:11TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelast TC:0days Ih:43m:55sNumber ofTC:29Last TCoccurred:GigabitEthernet0/0/9------------------[PortlOGigabitEthernet0/0/10][FORWARDING]Port Protocol:EnabledPort Role:Designated PortPortPriority:128Port CostDotlT:Config=auto/Active=20000Designated Bridge/Port:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/
128.10Port Edged:Config=default/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransit Limit:6packets/sProtection Type:NonePort STPMode:STPPort ProtocolType:Config=auto/Active=dotls BPDUEncapsulation:Config=stp/Active=stpPortTimes:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s RemHop20TC orTCN send:52TCorTCN received:0BPDU Sent:3189TCN:0,Config:3189,RST:0,MST:0BPDU Received:5TCN:0,Config:5,RST:0,MST:0Last forwardingtime:2016/11/2114:55:11UTCS2display stpinterfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/10--------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/20000CIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:128,9GigabitEthernetO/O/9BPDU-Protection:DisabledCIST RootType:Secondary rootTCorTCN received:122TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelast TC:0days Ih:50m:0sNumber ofTC:17Last TCoccurred:GigabitEthernetO/O/9------------------[PortlOGigabitEthernet0/0/10][DISCARDING]Port Protocol:EnabledPort Role:Alternate PortPortPriority:128Port CostDotlT:Config=auto/Active=20000Designated Bridge/Port:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/
128.10Port Edged:Config=default/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransit Limit:6packets/sProtection Type:NonePort STPMode:STPPort ProtocolType:Config=auto/Active=dotls BPDUEncapsulation:Config=stp/Active=stpPortTimes:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s RemHop0TCorTCN send:0TCorTCN received:18BPDU Received:3317BPDU Sent:2TCN:0,Config:2,RST:0,MST:0TCN:0,Config:3317RST:0,MST:0z步骤二控制根桥选举执行display stp命令查看根桥信息根桥设备的QST Bridge与QSTRoot/ERPC字段取值相同Sldisplay stp-------------------------[CIST GlobalInfo][Mode STP]CIST Bridge:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/0CIST RootPortld:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
0.d0d0-4ba6-aab0/20000CIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:
8192.d0d0-4ba6-aab0Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CIST Root/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/20000CIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20Config Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20Active Times:Hello2s MaxAge20s FwDly15s MaxHop20CISTRoot/ERPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0This bridgeis therootCIST RegRoot/IRPC:
4096.d0d0-4ba6-ac20/0CIST RootPortld:
0.0BPDU-Protection:DisabledTC orTCNreceived:135TC countper hello:0STP ConvergeMode:NormalShare region-configuration:EnabledTime sincelastTC:0days Oh:8m:4soutput omit。
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