水利专业名词中英文对照

水利专业名词（中英）安全储备safety reserve安全系数safety factor安全性safety岸边溢洪道river-bank spillway岸边绕渗by-pass seepagearound bankslope岸墙abutment wall岸塔式进水口bank-tower intakeB坝的上游面坡度upstream slpoeof dam坝的下游面downstream faceof dam坝顶dam crest坝顶长度crest length坝顶超高freeboard ofdam crest坝高dam height坝顶高程crest elevation坝顶宽度crest width坝段monolith坝基处理foundation treatment坝基排水drain in dam foundation车冈筋计reinforcement meter钢闸门steel gate高边坡high sideslope高流速泄水隧洞discharge tunnelwith highvelocity工程管理project management工程规划project plan工程量quantity ofwork工程设计engineering design工程施工engineering construction工作桥service bridge工作闸门main gate拱坝坝肩岩体稳定stability ofrock massnear abutmentof arch dam拱坝布置layout ofarch dam拱坝上滑稳定分析up-sliding stabilityanalysis ofarch dam拱坝体形shape ofarch dam拱端arch abutment拱冠arch crown拱冠梁法crown cantilevermethod拱冠梁剖面profile ofcrown cantilever拱内圈拱夕卜圈intrados extrados固结consolidation固结灌浆consolidation grouting管涌piping灌溉irrigation规范code,specification过坝建筑物structures forpassing dam过滤层transition layer过渡区transition zone过木机log conveyer过木建筑物log passstructures过鱼建筑物fish-pass structuresH海漫flexible涵洞culvert河道冲刷river bedscour荷载load荷载组合load combination横缝transverse joint横拉闸门horizontal rolling/sliding gate洪水标准flood standard虹吸溢洪道siphon spillway厚高比thickness tohight ratio弧形闸门radial gate护岸工程bank-protection works护坡slope protection护坦apron耳琉消能bucke-type energy dissipation滑坡land slip滑楔法sliding wedgemethod滑雪道式溢洪道skijump spillway环境评价environment assessment换土垫层cushion ofreplaced soil回填灌浆backfill grouting混凝土concrete混凝土衬砌concrete lining混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall混凝土面板concrete faceslab混凝土面板堆石坝concrete-faced rockfill dam混凝土重力坝concrete gravity damJ基本荷载组合basic loadcombination基本剖面basic profile基面排水base leveldrainage激光准直发method oflaser alignment极限平衡法limit equilibrium method极限状态limit state坚固系数soundness coefficient剪切模量shear modulus剪切应力shear stress检查inspection检修闸门bulkhead简单条分法simple slicesmethod建筑材料construction material简化毕肖普法simplified Bishopsmethod渐变段transition键槽key/key-way浆砌石重力坝cement-stone masonrygravity dam交叉建筑物crossing structure交通桥access bridge校核洪水位water levelof checkfloo校核流量check flooddischarge接触冲刷contact washing接触流土soil flowon contactsurface节制闸controlling sluice结构可靠度reliability ofstructure结构力学法structural mechanicsmethod结构系数structural coefficient截流环cutoff collar截水槽cutoff trench进口段inlet进口曲线inlet curve进水喇叭口inlet bellmouth进水闸inlet sluice浸润面saturated area浸润线saturated line经济评价economic assessment井式溢洪道shaft:spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质土坝homogeneous earthdamK开敞式溢洪道open channelspillway开裂机理crack mechanism勘测exploration survey坎上水深water depthon sill抗冲刷‘性scour resistance抗冻性frost resistance抗滑稳定安全系数safety coefficient of stabilityagainst sliding抗剪断公式shear-break strengthformula抗剪强度shear strength抗裂性crack resistance抗磨abrasion-resistance抗侵蚀性erosion-resistance抗震分析analysis ofearthquake resistance颗粒级配曲线grain sizedistribution curve可靠度指标reliability index可行性研究设计阶段design stageof feasibilitystudy空腹重力坝hollow gravitydam空腹拱坝hollow arch dam空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage空隙水压力pore waterpressure控制堰control weir枯水期low waterperiod库区reservoir area宽顶堰broad crested weir宽缝重力坝slotted gravitydam宽高比width toheight ratio扩散段expanding section扩散角divergent angleL拦沙坎sediment controlsill拦污栅trash rack廊道gallery浪压力wave pressure棱体排水prism drainage理论分析theory analysis力法方程canonical equationof forcemethod连续式鼻坎plain bucket联合消能combined energy dissipation梁式渡槽beam-type flume量水建筑物water-measure structure裂缝crack临界水力坡降critical hydraulicgradient临时缝temporary joint临时性水工建筑物temporary hydraulic structure流量discharge流速flow velocity流态flow pattern流土soil flow流网flow net流向flow direction露顶式闸门emersed gateM马蹄形断面horseshoe section脉动压力fluctuating pressure专苗杆支护anchor support门叶gate flap迷宫堰labyrinth weir面流消能energy dissipationof surfaceregime模型试验model test摩擦公式friction factorformula摩擦系数coefficient offriction目标函数objective functionN内部应力internal stress内摩擦角internal frictionangle内水压力internal waterpressure挠度观测deflection observation泥沙压力silt pressure粘性土cohesive soil碾压混凝土重力坝roller compactedconcrete gravitydam凝聚力cohesion扭曲式鼻坎distorted typebucketP排沙底孔flush bottom outlet排沙漏斗flush funnel排沙隧洞flush tunnel排水drainage排水孔drain hole排水设施drainage facilities抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam喷混凝土支护shotcrete support喷车苗支护spray concreteand deadmanstrut漂木道log chute平板坝flat slabbuttress dam平衡重式升船机vertical ship lift withcounter weight平面闸门plain gate平压管equalizing pipe坡率slope ratio破碎带crush zone铺盖blanketQ启闭机hoist启门力lifting force砌石拱坝stone masonryarch dam潜坝submerged dam潜孔式闸门submerged gate倾斜仪clinometer曲线形沉沙池curved sedimentarybasin渠首canal head渠道canal渠系建筑物canal systemstructure取水建筑物water intakestructureR人工材料心墙坝earth-rock damwith manufacturedcentral core人字闸门mitre gate任意料区miscellaneous aggregatezone坝基渗漏leakage ofdam foundation坝肩dam abutment坝壳dam shell坝坡dam slope坝坡排水drain onslope坝体混凝土分区grade zoneof concretein dam坝体排水系统drainage systemindam坝型选择selection ofdam type坝址选择selection ofdam site坝趾dam toe坝踵dam heel坝轴线dam axis本构模型constitutive model鼻坎bucket比尺scale比降gradient闭门力closing force边墩side pier边界层boundary layer边墙side wall边缘应力boundary stress柔度系数flexibility coefficient褥垫式排水horizontal blanketdrainage软弱夹层weak intercalationS三角网法triangulation method三角形单元三心圆拱坝三轴试验扇形闸门上游设计洪水位设计基准期设计阶段设计阶段划分设计流量设计状况系数设计准则伸缩缝渗流比降渗流变形渗流分析渗流量渗流体积力渗流系数生态环境生态平衡失效概率施工导流施工缝施工管理施工条件施工图阶段施工进度实体重力坝实用剖面实用堰事故闸门视准线法收缩段枢纽布置triangular elementthreecenter arch damtriaxial testsectorgate upstreamdesignflood leveldesign referenceperiod design stagedividing ofdesignstagedesign dischargedesign statecoefficient designcriteriacontraction jointseepage gradientseepage deformationseepageanalysis seepagedischarge massforce ofseepagepermeability coefficientecological environmentecological balanceprobabilityof failureconstruction diversionconstructionmanagementconstruction conditionconstructiondrawing stageconstructionprogresssolid gravitydampractical profilepracticalweiremergency gatecollimationmethodconstringent sectionlayoutof hydraulic complex输水建筑物water conveyancestructure竖式排水vertical drainage数值分析numerical analysis双层衬砌double-layer lining双曲拱坝double curvaturearch dam水电站地下厂房underground power house水电站建筑物hydroelectric stationstructure水垫塘cushion basin水工建筑物hydraulicstructure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel水环境water environment水库吹程fetch水库浸没reservoir submersion水库渗漏reservoir leakage水库坍岸reservoir bankcaving水库淹没reservoir inundation水力资源water powerresource水力劈裂hydraulic fracture水利工程hydraulic engineering,water project水禾工程设计ll design of hydroproject水利工程枢纽分等rank ofhydraulic complex水利枢纽hydrauliccomplex水面线water levelline水能hydraulic energy水平位移horizontal displacement水体污染water pollution水土流失water andsoil loss水位急降instantaneous reservoirdrawdown水压力hydraulic pressu水闸水质水资源sluice waterquality waterresources顺坝longitudinal dike四边形单元quadrangular element塑性破坏failure byplastic flow塑性变形plastic deformation塑性区plastic range锁坝closure dike锁定器dog deviceT型墩T T-type pier塌落拱法roof collapsearch method塔式进水口tower intake台阶式溢流坝面弹塑性理论step-type overflowface elastoplastictheory弹性基础梁beam onelastic foundation弹性抗力elastic resistance弹性中心elastic centre弹性理论theory ofelasticity特殊荷载组合体形优化设计special loadcombination shapeoptimizingdesign挑距jet trajectorydistance挑流消能ski-jump energy dissipation挑射角exit angleof jet调压室surge tank贝占坡排水surface drainageon damslope通航建筑物navigation structure通气孑L airhole土工复合材料geosynthetic土工膜geomembrane土工织物geotexile土石坝earth-rock dam土压力earth pressure土质材料斜墙坝earth-rock damwith inclinedsoil core土质心墙坝earth-rock damwith centralsoil core驼峰堰hump weir椭圆曲线elliptical curvew型剖面堰WES WEScurve profileweir外水压力external waterpressure弯矩平衡moment equilibrium围岩surrounding rock围岩强度strength ofsurrounding rock围岩稳定分析围岩压力surrounding rockpressu帷幕灌浆curtain grouting维修maintenance尾水渠tailwater canal温度缝temperature joint温度计thermometer温度应变temperature strain温度应力temperature stress温降temperature drop温升temperature rise污水处理sewage treatment无坝取水undamed intake无粘，性土cohesionless soil无压泄水孔free-flow outletX下游downstream现场检查field inspection橡胶坝rubber dam消力池stilling basin消能防冲设计designofenergy dissipationand erosion control消能工energy dissipator校核洪水位water levelof check flood校核流量checkflooddischarge斜缝斜墙泄洪洞泄洪雾化泄水重力坝胸墙悬臂梁汛期Y压力计压缩曲线淹没系数扬压力养护液化溢洪道溢流面溢流前缘溢流堰顶溢流重力坝翼墙翼墙式连接引航道引水渠引张线法应力分析应力集中应力应变观测应力重分布永久缝优化设计有坝取水有效库容预压加固预应力衬砌inclined jointinclinedcoreflood dischargetunnelflood dischargeatomization overflowgravitydam变形观测deformation observation变中心角变半径拱坝variable angleand radius archdam标准贯入试验击数number ofstandard penetrationtest冰压力ice pressure薄壁堰sharp-crestedweir薄拱坝thin-archdam不均匀沉降裂缝differential settlementcrack不平整度irregularityc材料力学法method ofstrength of materials材料性能分项系数partial factorfor propertyofmaterial侧槽溢洪道side channelspillway侧轮side roller侧收缩系数coefficientofside contraction测缝计joint meter插入式连接insert typeconnection差动式鼻坎differential bucket掺气aeration掺气槽aeration slot掺气减蚀cavitation controlby aeration厂房顶溢流spill overpower housebreastwall cantieverbeamflood periopressuremetercompressive curvecoefficientof submergenceupliftcureliquifactionspillwayoverflowfacelength ofoverflow crestoverflowcrestoverflow gravitydamwing wallwingwall typeconnectionapproach channeldiversioncanaltense wiremethodstress analysisstress concentrationstress-strain observationstressredistributionpermanent jointoptimizingdesignbarrage intakeeffectivestoragesoil improvementby preloadingprestressedlining原型prototype约束条件constraint condition允许水力坡降allowable hydraulicgradientZ增量法increment method闸底板floor ofslui闸墩pier闸孑L sluice opening闸孔跨距span ofsluiceopening闸门槽gate slot闸室chamber ofsluice闸首lock head闸址sluice site正槽溢洪道chute spillw正常使用极限状态limit stateof normaloperation正应力正常溢洪道支墩坝止normal stressmain spillwbuttress dam水watertight seal止水装置趾板sealing devicetoe slab趾墩toe pier滞回圈主应力纵缝hysteresis loopprincipal stresslongitudinal joint阻尼比作用作用水头damped ratioaction workingpressure head最优含水率optimum moisturecontent沉降settlement沉井基石出sunk shaftfoundation沉沙池sediment basin沉沙建筑物sedimentary structure沉沙条渠sedimentary channel沉陷缝settlement joint沉陷观测settlement observation衬砌的边值问题boundary valueproblem oflining衬砌计算lining calculation衬砌自重dead-weight oflining承载能力bearing capacity承载能力极限状态limit stateof bearingcapacity持住力holding force齿墙cut-offwall冲击波shock wave冲沙闸flush sluice冲刷坑scour hole重现期return period抽排措施pump drainagemeasure抽水蓄能电站厂房pump-storage power house出口段outlet section初步设计阶段preliminary designstage初参数角军法preliminary parametersolution初生空化数incipient cavitationnumber初应力法initial stressmethod船闸navigation lock垂直升船机vertical shiplift纯拱法independent archmethod次要建筑物secondary structure刺墙key-wall粗粒土coarse-grained soil错缝staggered jointD大坝安全评价assessment ofdam safety大坝安全监控monitor ofdam safety大坝老化dam aging大头坝massive-head dam单层衬砌monolayer lining单级船闸lift lock单线船闸single line lock挡潮闸tide sluice挡水建筑物导流洞retaining structurediversion tunnel导墙guide wall倒虹吸管inverted siphon倒悬度overhang等半径拱坝constant radiusarchdam等中心角变半径拱坝constant angleand variableradiusarchdam底流消能energydissipationby hydraulicjump底缘bottom edge地基变形foundation deformation地基变形模量deformation modulusof foundation地基处理foundation treatment地下厂房underground power house地下厂房变压器洞transformer tunnelof undergroundpower house地下厂房出线洞地下厂bus-bar tunnelof undergroundpower house房交通洞地下厂房通风洞access tunnelof undergroundpowerhouse地下厂房尾水洞ventilation tunnelof undergroundpowerhouse地下轮廓线tailwater tunnelof undergroundpowerhouseunderoutline ofstructure地下水groundwater地形条件topographical condition地形图比例尺scale oftopographical map地应力ground stress地震earthquake地震烈度earthquake intensity地质条件geological condition垫层cushion垫座plinth吊耳lift eye调度dispatch跌坎drop-step跌流消能drop energydissipation跌水drop迭代法iteration method叠梁stoplog坝T spurdike定向爆破堆石坝directed blastingrockfill dam动强度dynamic strength动水压力hydrodynamic pressure洞内孔板消能energydissipationby orificeplate intunnel洞内漩流消能energydissipationwith swirlingflow intunnel洞身段tunnel bodysection洞室群cavern group洞轴线tunnel axis陡坡steep slope渡槽短管型进水口intake withpressure shortpipe断层fault堆石坝rockfilldam对数螺旋线拱坝log spiralarchdam多级船闸multi-stage lock多线船闸multi-linelock多心圆拱坝multi-centered archdam多用途隧洞multi-use tunnelE二道坝secondary damF发电洞power tunnel筏道logway反弧段bucket反滤层filter防冲槽erosioncontroltrench防洪flood prevent!,flood control防洪限制水位restricted stagefor floodprevention防浪墙parapet防渗墙anti-seepage wall防渗体anti-seepage body放空底孑L unwateringbottomoutlet非常溢洪道emergency spillway线’性有限元non-linear finiteelement method非溢流重力坝nonoverflow gravitydam分岔fork分洪闸flood diversionsluice分项系数partial factor分项系数极限状态设计法limit statedesign methodof partialfactor封拱arch closure封拱温度closure temperature浮筒式升船机shipliftwith floats浮箱闸门floating camelgate浮运水闸floating sluice辅助消能工appurtenant energydissipationG刚体极限平衡法rigid limitequilibriummethod刚性支护rigid support钢筋混凝土衬砌reinforced concretelining。