江苏省南京市梅山高级中学2023-2024学年英语高三第一学期期末联考试题含解析

江苏省南京市梅山高级中学2023-2024学年英语高三第一学期期末联考试题考生须知全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答选择题必须用铅笔填涂;非

1.2B选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号2保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效

3.第一部分（共小题，每小题分，满分分）20L

5301.you aresupposed todo youdont likea thingis itDontcomplain.A.That;what;change B.When;that;to changeC.What;when;change D.What;that;changing

2.John,money wasnow noproblem,started anew companywith hisfriends.A.for whose B.of whoseC.of whomD.for whom一

3.What happenedto theyoung treeswe plantedlast week一The treeswell,but I didnt waterthem.A・might growB.would havegrownC.needn9t havegrown D.would grow

4.In myopinion,shouldnt be any doubtthat Chinawill becomeone of the mostpowerfulcountries in the nearfuture.A.this B.that C.it D.there

5.The newproduct isbeyond allpraise andhas quicklytaken overthe marketitssuperior quality.A.in termsof B.on accountofC.on behalfof D.on topof

6.He alwayskeeps aneye onshortcomings ofhis brothersrefusing toadmithis ownmistakes.A.but B.whileC.although D.though

7.Chinas BeiDouNavigation SatelliteSystem,whose positioningwill reach

2.5meters by2020,will soonprovide servicesfor morecountries.A.accuracy B.categoryC.function D.reference

8.All childrenshould getaccess toa high-quality education their race,zip（囊）Losing a few strandsof hairis normal-old hair follicles arereplaced bynew onesover time-but stresscan disturbthat cycle.Significant stresspushes alarge number of hair follicles intowhats calleda restingstageand thenafewmonths laterthose hairsfall out,according toMayoClinic.org.Stress canalsocause thebodys resistant system toattack your hairfollicles,resulting inhair loss.WHAT TODO:Be patient.Once your stress levelreturns tonormal,your hairshould startgrowingback.A.you keepgetting headachesB.you alwayshave acold、187If youre stressed,you might have oneof the following symptomsEXCEPT that.C.yourhairis fallingout D.your brainfeels confused、1Which of the followingis suggestedif your brain goesout offocusA.Breathing slowlywith your eyes closed.B.Waiting untilyourbrainreturns tonormal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D.Relaxing andattacking yourbrain softly.、2What willhappen oncewe getover ourstress according to thepassageA.Our hairstarts fallingout andthen growsback.B.Our bodysresistantsystemattacks yourhairfollicles.C.Our hairstarts growingagain.D.A seriousheadache starts.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文,从

1.530短文后各题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.A BC D（分）完形填空

26.30Air travelmakes somepeople verynervous.The crowds,the noiseand flyingitself can cause・But thereare classespeople cantake to help themthe fearofflying.And thereis trainingfor servicedogs thatsuffer thesame problem.Service dogsalmost neverthe sideof the people theycare for.You willsee themworkingon buses,trains and other publicsystems.But thebusy environmentfoundat anairport caneven the best trainedworking dog.People withdisabilities dependon theirdogs.They wantthe animalsto safelythem throughsecurityareas.They alsoneed thedogs toremain ondutyon the airplane,even whenthe flyingis not・This takesspecial,The Air Hollywood K9Flight Schoolis oneplace wheresuch helpcan befound.The schoolhas apiece ofequipment thatprovides thesights,sounds andeven thefeel ofanairplane inflight.Dog trainerssay trainingis basedon asimple rule:preparation.Dogs need to beexposed graduallyand tothe environment,toloud noises,to soundsandotherdogs sothat whenthis experiencehappens tothem on a dailybasis,they*re able to actin away thatthey*re usedto actingand thatthey dontget・Dog ownerswho thetraining atAirHollywoodK9Flight Schoolsay theynowA.trouble B.unease C・accidents D.diseasesIN

2、A.defeat B.describe C・sense D.record

3、A.professional B.varied C.free D.similar、B.bark C.leave D.take4A.approach、B.running C・transport D.society5A.associationB.attract C・interrupt D.instruct、6A.troubleB.guide C.train D.land7^A.followC.calmlyB.stressfully D.enthusiastically、8A.nervouslyC.dangerousB.relaxing D.smooth、9A.speedyC.trainingB・attention D.procedure、10A.interestC.academicB.cooperative D.successful、11A.previousC.occasionallyB.abruptly D.instantly、12A.repeatedlyC.energetic、B.excitable D.fragile13A.boredC.overlooked、B.inquired D.recommended14A.attendedC.security、B.flights D.generations15A.careerfeel muchmore atease aboutfuture・Their dogsalso seemready fortake off.第二节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号

1.5151内单词的正确形式（分）（）

27.15At thestart ofevery new year,it isvery typicalL makenew yearsresolutions.However,do theyreally workPersonally,I dontthink so.Firstly,its alwaysgreat tostart the newyearwith a（）good2,intend anda positiveattitude,as itcan bringmore hopeand happiness.（）However,when life

3.return tonormal,the enthusiasmof writinga diary,for example,canwear off.We oftenchoose thegoals

4.are unrealisticas resolutionsunder thefalse beliefthat we（）can justbea

5.complete differentperson in thenewyear.In fact,changes happenin smallstepsovertime,so whynot takea stepback andthink ofsomething wecan benefit

6.（）For instance,lets simplyset some achievable goals:smile moreat

7.strange,laugh atleast8・（two）a dayor writea positivething thatmakes youhappy,no matter（）

9.simple theyare.These smallgestures arethought

10.be effectiveto make you betteronthe insideand outside.So,lets take the pressureaway andmake agreat effortto bea betterme!第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分分）10（分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作

28.10文文中共有处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修10改增加在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉修改在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意、每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

1、只允许修改处，多者（从第处起）不计分21011Here aretwo typesof carsmay someday takeplace oftoday sbig carsIf allthe peopledrivesuch carsin thefuture,there will be fewerpollution in theairThere willalso bemore spaceforparking carsin thecities,but thestreets will be lesscrowdedThree suchcars canfit inthespace nowneed byone carof theusually sizeThe little cars willcost muchless toownand driveDrive willbe safer,too,though theselittlecarscan goonly65kilometers per、第二节书面表达（满分分）hour Butit willnot be of anyuse forlong trips25（分）假如你是李华，你书法班的英国同学因为在汉语书法大赛中

29.25David表现欠佳而心情沮丧请你给他写封信表示安慰要点如下、表示理解；

1、帮他分析原因及提出改进的建议2注意、词数左右；、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.11002参考词汇汉语书法Chinese calligraphyDear DavidYours,Li Hua参考答案第一部分（共小题，每小题分，满分分）20L

530、1C、2D、3B、4D、5B、6B、7A、8B、9D、10B、11A、12C、13A、14A、15D、16D、17A、18D、19D、20C第二部分阅读理解（满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，40A BC D选出最佳选项、、211B、2A、4A、、

2212.D、

34.C【小题【小题】313C【小题【小题】414B、、231A、2D、3B、4C、、241D、2C、3D、4A、、25187B、1A、2C第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文,从

1.530短文后各题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.A BC D、、261B、2A、3D、4C、5C、6A、7B、8C、9D、10C、11D、12A、13B、、14A15B第二节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号

1.5151内单词的正确形式、27X.to make

2.intention

3.returns

4.that/which

5.completely

6.from

7.strangers

8.twice

9.how

10.to be第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分分）

10、【小题】之后力口281cars which/that【小题】之后加2takethe【小题】改为3fewer less【小题改为4]but and【小题去掉5]in[小题改为6]need needed[小题改为7]usually usual【小题】改为8Drive Driving[小题改为9]though because【小题】改为10it they第二节书面表达（满分分）

25、29DearDavid,Fm sorryto hearthat youdidnt performwell inthe contestof Chinesecalligraphy andthat you arefeeling discouraged.Im writingto discussthe problemwith you,which Ihopemight giveyou somesupport andcomfort.I canquite understandwhy you are in a lowmood,since itscommon andnatural forpeoplefaced withsetbacks to feel sad.But asthe sayinggoes,failure is the motherof success.It issuggested thatyou findout thereason foryour failureand takeheart again.As faras Fmconcerned,it islikely thatyouarenot wellprepared forthe contest,since Chinesecalligraphyis atime-consuming art.Therefore,youre supposedto practisemore fromnow on.Besides,you mightlack someexperience forthe event,in whichcase youare encouragedto takepartin moreactivities organizedby theteacher.I amfully convincedthatyoucan overcomeyour badmood andmake greaterprogressnext time.Looking forwardto yourreply.Yours,Li Huacodeor familyincome.A.depending onB.regardless ofC.due to D.apart from一

9.The terribleaccident isunder investigation.—Actually,quicker actionthose workerstrapped inthe mine.A.mighthavesaved B.must havesaved C.should havesaved D.could havesaved

10.When thequestions gotpersonal duringthe talkshow,the actressin tearsasshe openedup aboutthe woundsshe suffered.A.broke upB.broke downC.broke outD.broke through

11.They dohave adifferent tothe problemof overpopulation.A.solution B.opinionC.decision D.conclusion

12.Its stronglyadvised thatsmokers notbe allowedto smokein anyroom babiescurrentlyoccupy.A.where B.whoseC.that D.as

13.You have a bigmouth,Tom・You havetold everybodythe secret.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.cantD.mightnt

14.The doctorsdilemma washe shouldtell thepatient thetruth.A.whether B.whichC.that D.what

15.When shewas introuble,Ididwhat Icould tohelp her.my help,she wrotemealetter ofthanks.A.In honorof B.In caseof C.In termsof D.In returnfor

16.Every manhas hisfaults.We should,therefore,lean to beofothers.A.ignorant B.responsibleC.reliable D.tolerant

17.Teachers inprimary schoolsinfluence thekids fallunder shouldbe rolemodels.A.whoseB.whoC.where D.which

18.It isimmediately clearthe financialcrisis willsoon beover.A.since B.whatC.when D.whether

19.I thinkher opinion,because sheis anexperienced teacher.A.number B.calculatesC.figures D.counts

20.When Isaid someonebroke theschool regulations,I you.Why didyou getthat angryA.don,t referto B.haven,t referredto C.wasn9t referringtoD.hadn9t referredto第二部分阅读理解（满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最40A BC D佳选项21・（6分）When askedhow technologymight improvethe livesof people with vision（视力障碍），impairments Joann Becker presenteda misleadinglysimple challenge.“Well,“the visionimpairments techspecialist recallssaying.Pd liketo beableto find mybusslop throughBe My Eyes”.Be MyEyes,which wentlive in2015,establishes adirect videoconnection betweenvisuallyimpaired usersand sightedvolunteers.The assumptionis simple:Many peoplewhoare blinddont needany actualassistance incompleting theirdaily tasks,but merelyneed alittlehelp.A sightedvolunteer might be askedtohelpidentify which of two cans containstomatoes.In thiscase,the visuallyimpaired usercan cooka mealjust fineon his/her own-all he/sheneeds isa quickconHrmation thathe/she hasthe correctcan.The modelappears tobeworking;more than540,000volunteers and nearly40,000peoplewith low vision areregistered onthe app.“An elderlywoman cannow helpa visuallyimpaired technicianset uphiscomputer,“says founderHans Wiberg,who hasvery lowvision.uShe doesntneedto know athingabout computers.She onlyneeds toread what is presentedonthescreen.Then hecando therest.”（专用设备卜Early assistivetechnology centeredon dedicateddevices becauseof the（缝隙市场），niche marketwhich soldfor hundredsor eventhousands ofdollars.But thesmartphone,multipurpose andnear-universal,has completelychanged the economy ofscale.“There arelarger marketforces drivinghigh-powered computation,high-qualityengineering andhigh-quality batterymanagement inthe smartphonemarket thanthose inaspecialty productJ saysAaron Steinfeld,a researchprofessor atthe RoboticsInstitute atCarnegieMellon University.“The realityis,most sighted people dontknow somebodywho isblind.Beckersays.They thinkthe solutionsthatablind personneeds arcfar moreexpansive,it turnsout,they needtobe.I thinkthese appsare enablingsightedpeopleto seethat blindpeople justneedsome simpleclues tohelp themdo anynumberofthings intheir lives.”、1What is the firstparagraph usedfor inthe textA.Showing themain idea.B.Introducing thetopic.C.Giving oneexample.D.Making aconclusion.、2How doesthe appBe MyEyes workA・By creatinga videolink betweenthe dibbledand.sighted one.B.By recognizingwhichoftwocanshave tomatoesand cooking.C.By establishinga high-quality engineeringand computation.D.By flashingthe everydaytasks of the technicianand volunteers.、3From thetext wecan know.A.only peoplewithlowvision arcregistered touse theappB.slight assistancecan helpthe blindfree fromsome troublesC.volunteers shouldbe veryfamiliar withhigh-tech computersD.JoannBeckerthinks ithard tofind abus stopusing BeMyEyes

4、What dothe5th and6th paragraphsmainly meanA.Smartphone markethas greateconomic potential.B.The smartphonebecomes a special app.C.Fine deviceshave changedtheeconomy.D.Cost matterswhen itcomes toas5istivc technology.（分）（性别）

22.8Regardless ofhow farwed liketo believegender equalityin theworkplacehas come,theres stilla yawninggap betweenmale andfemale leadersin theprofessionalworld.A2018statistic showsthat womennowadays holdjust

5.8percent ofCEOspositions atSP500companies,according toCatalyst.While itsnot a huge shockthat women are somewhatunderrepresented inleadershippositions,whatissurprising though,isthefact thatfemales mayactually bebetter suitedtolead inalmost everyarea,at leastaccording tonew findingsfrom theBI NorwegianBusinessSchool.In theirresearch,Professor OyvindL.Martinsen andProfessor LarsGlas surveyed（调查）2,900managers withaspecialfocus onpersonality types.The resultswere clear:Women scoredhigher thanmen infour of the fivemajor leadership-centric categories.While somepeople believethat meninherently makebetter leaders-probably becausetheypicture aleader witha commandingvoice,which ismore typicalof menthan women-this pieceof researchsuggests thatwomenarebetter atmethodical managementandgoal-setting,openness,sociability andsupportiveness,as well as ability to communicateclearly.There wasone areain whichmen scoredhigher thanwomen,though,and thatwas onemotionalstability andabilitytoface job-related pressureand stress.The resultssuggest thatwomenare moresensitive tothe effectsof high-pressure orhighly emotionalsituations*（个人的）Obviously,its importantto considerindividual differences.Anyone,regardless ofgender,may bean inspiringleader anda competentboss.But nexttime youre（简历）hiring fora managementposition,you justmight wantto givethe resumesfromfemale candidatesa harderlook.、（小题）11What makesus shockedmuch atleadership positionsA.Women areworse thanmen.B.Men takealmost allhigh positions.C.There isahugegap betweengenders.D.Women mightbehave betterin nearlyevery field.、（小题）22Which ofthe followingcan bestreplace the underlined wordinherently inParagraph4A.properly B.potentiallyC.naturally D.normally、（小题）33Which ofthe followingmay bethe besttitle ofthis textA.How WeCan FigureOut TheBossB.Why WomenAre BetterThan MenC.Why WomenMake TheBest BossesD.How WeCan TellGender Difference、（小题）44Who mighthave specialinterest inthis articleA.Job hunters.B.Employers.C.Employees.D.Male bosses.

23.（8分）Silvia Maierworks atthe Universityof Zurich,Switzerland.She andhercolleagues invited51young meninto thelab for3hours oftests.They showed each man180food itemsonacomputer.Each time,they askedthe mento judgehow healthy,tasty andappealingthe foodwas.Then the researchers stressedout29ofthe men.They didthis byasking eachto putonehand inice waterfor threeminutes.If thewater wastoo unpleasant,the volunteerscouldremove their hands,but mustcontinue lookinginto avideo camera.The menwere alsoencouragedto puttheirhandsback intothe coldwater.All thewhile,a researcherwatched（考验）.and videotapedthe ordealAnother22men heldone handin warmwater.They werenotvideotaped.Afterward,theresearchersshowedeachman aseries oftwo fooditems.They didthis210times.And beforemaking choices,themenwere toldto choosethe healthierofthetwoitems.When thetesting wasover,the scientistsgave thevolunteers asnack.Each mangot oneofthe itemshe hadsaid thathe preferred.Despite beingcoached tochoose healthyfoods,thestressed menproved morelikely topick theless healthy.The researchersalso performedbrain scansofthevolunteers.It showedwhat partof thebrainwas activeas theymade theirchoices.uOur findingsindicate thatstress affectsthedecision making/9Maiers teamconcluded.And itdoes thisby changingtwo brainpathways.One affectssensory information,such astaste.The otheraffects apersons abilityto makedecisionssuch aseating whatis goodfor us.More studieswillbeneeded toconfirm thenew Hndings.But theearly signssuggest that飞stress notonly makesjunk foodmore appealing,but alsoweakens thebrain abilitytoresist eatingit.、1How didthe scientistsmainly getthe resultB.By doingexperiments.C.By askingquestions.D.By conductingsurveys.E.By secretobservations.、2The coldwater usedintheexperiment maymake menfeel A.pleasantC.relaxedD.stressed、3Why didthe scientistsscan thebrains ofthe volunteersA.They wantedtofindthe IQof them.B.They wantedto observethe activitiesof theirbrains.C.They wantedto discoverthe potentialdisease ofthem.D.They wantedtoknowthe healthconditions ofthem.、4What doesthe last paragraph implyA.The newSwiss studyisthefinal conclusion.B.Stress mayincrease self-control ineating.C.Stress makesjunk foodmore attractive.D.It iseasy forstressed peopleto resisttasty foods.（分）

24.8At yournext meeting,wait fora pausein conversationand tryto measurehowlong itlasts.Among English speakers,chances arethat itwillbea secondor twoat most.But whilethispattern maybe universal,our awarenessof silencediffers dramaticallyacross cultures.What oneculture considersa confusingor awkwardpause maybe seenby othersas avaluablemoment ofreflection andsign ofrespect forwhat thelast speakerhas said.Researchin Dutchand alsoin Englishfound thatwhen asilence in conversation stretchesto fourseconds,people starttofeeluneasy.In contrast,a separatestudy ofbusiness meetingsfound一that Japanesepeople arehappy withsilences of

8.2seconds nearlytwice aslong asinAmericans meetings.In Japan,it isrecognized thatthebestcommunication iswhen youdont speakat all.Itsalready afailure tounderstand eachother byspeaking becauseyoure repairingthat failurebyusing words.（殖民地）In theUS,it mayoriginate from the historyof colonialAmerica asa crossroadsofmany differentraces.When youhaveacomplex ofdifference,ifs hardto establishcommonunderstanding unlessyou talkand theresunderstandably akind ofanxiety unlesspeople areverballyengaged toestablish a common life.This appliesalso tosome extentto London.In contrast,when theresmore homogeneity,perhaps its easier forsome kindsof silencetoappear.For example,among yourclosest friendsand familyitseasierto sitin silencethanwith peopleyoure lesswell acquaintedwith.、1Which ofthefollowingpeople mighthave thelongest silencein conversationA.The Dutch.B.Americans.C.The English.D.The Japanese.2^What mightthe Japaneseagree withinaconversationA.Speaking moregives theupper hand.B.Speak outwhat youhave inyour mind.C.Great mindsthink alikewithout words.D.The shortertalking silence,the better.、3What canwe learnfromthetextA.A foursecond silenceinconversationis universal.B.Its hardfor Americansto reachacommonagreement.C.Englishspeakersare moretalkative thanJapanese speakers.D.The closerwe andour familyare,the easierthe silenceappears.、4What doestheunderlinedword“homogeneity”inthelastparagraphmeanA.Similarity.B.Contradiction.C.Diversity.D.Misunderstanding.（分）

25.10Americans aremore stressedthan ever,accordingtoan AmericanPsychologicalAssociation survey,andnearlyone-third ofthepeoplesay stressimpacts theirphysicalor mentalhealth.If youhave anyof thesesymptoms,yourstressmightbemakingyou sick.Heres howto battleagainst them.If youvenever sufferedfrom headachesbut suddenlyyour headis constantlystriking,you mightbe toostressed.Stress releaseschemicals thatcancausechanges tonerves and（血管）blood vesselsinthebrain,which bringsonaheadache.Stress cancause themor makethemworse.Ifs alsocommon foryour musclesto tenseup whenyourestressed,which canalsocause aheadache.WHAT TODO:（薰衣草）If youdont wantto takemedicine,try spreadinglavenderoilon yourtemples（太阳穴）when aheadache starts.（皮质Stress can makeyoumentally sick,too.Too muchofthestress hormonecortisol醇）canmakeit harderto concentrate,causing memoryproblems aswellasanxiety ordepressionsays Dr.Levine.WHAT TODO:Relax untilyou regainyour concentration.Practice closingyoureyesand breathinginand outslowly,concentrating onlyonyourbreath.。