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时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式英语时态分为16种一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
1.一般现在时用法A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征B)习惯用语0经常性、习惯性动作例He alwayshelps others.(他总是帮助别人)D)客观事实和普遍真理尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用常见的用法是飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式例The nexttrain leaves at3o,clock thisafternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车)How oftendoes thisshuttle busrun(这班车多久一趟?)F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情例When youhave finishedthe report,I will have waitedfor about3hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了)
2.现在进行时(be doing)用法现在正在进行的动作
3.现在完成时(have done)用法A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成例I boughta newhouse,but I my oldone yet,so at the moment I havetwo houses.A didn,t sellB soldC haven,t soldD wouldsell day等既可以用于过去时,也可以用于一般现在时耍注意区分例如He oftengoes swimming./He oftenwent swimmingin
1999.【中考链接】
1.Mum,shall we have lunchWe will haveit when your dad.(2007年连云港)A.when;returns B.where;returns C.where;will returnD.when;will return简析Ao when在后半句中表示〃当、、、时候〃,状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况,根据后半句应该是问时间的,第一空用时间疑问词when.
2.Tomorrow will be Father,s Day.What will you dofor yourfatherI willsay loveyou,Daddy as soon as he up.(2007年南通)A.will wakeB.is wakingC.wakes D.woke简析Co as soon as〃
一、、就、、〃,引导时间状语从句从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况
3.Our teachersaid lightfaster than sound.(2007年宿迁)A.travelled B.has travelledC.is travellingD.travels简析I)〃光比声音传播速度快〃是科学真理,在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变
4.Let,s gofishing if it thisweekend.But nobodyknows ifit.(2006年扬州)A.is fine,will rainB.will befine,rains C.is fine,rains D.will befine,will rain简析Ao前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来;后半句if的意思是〃是否〃,引导宾语从句,周末下不下雨是未来的事情,用一般将来时
5.Is yourfather adoctorYes,he is.He inTown Hospital.(2006年武汉)A.has worked B.had workedC.works D.worked简析Co一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态即〃爸爸现在在这所医院工作〃【考点2]现在进行时的用法考查现在进行时主要有以下用法
1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作常见的时间状语right now,at present,at the moment,now.常见的标志性动词如:look,listen等例如Someone isasking for you on the phone.
2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作多有一个表示未来时间的状语这种情况仅限于少量动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,work,have,stay,play,return等例如一一Tom,supper isready.Come quickly.-OK.Im coming.注意表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话,一般不用于进行时,而要用一般现在时这样的动词有:love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have(W),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等【中考链接】
1.Wheres your mother,HelenShe theflowers in the garden.(2007年镇江)A.waters B.watered C.is wateringD.has watered简析Co谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水
2.Hurry up!Its timeto leave.一OK,.(2006年孝感)A.r mcoming B.Ill comeC.Ive come D.I come简析Ao z/rm coming〃意思是〃我就来〃现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作
3.Shall weinvite Tom to playfootball nowOh,no.He hisclothes.(2006年泸州)A.is washingB.washes C.has washedD.washed简析Ao上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球,但另外一个人说不行,显然,他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身【考点3]一般过去时的用法考查一般过去时主要有以下用法
1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)常见的时间状语有yesterday,last night/week,a monthago/ten yearsago和具体的过去时间in1990,in2006等例如:She oftencame to help mewhen I was introuble.
2、发生的时间不是很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的例如How niceto see you here!I thought you wereout.要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时表示过去发生的事情,侧重结果;而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作,而不涉及结果例如He was writing a letterlast night.(不知道是否写完了)/He wrotea letterlast night.(结果写完了)【中考链接】
1.Simon hisfingers whenhe was cooking thedinner.(2007年盐城)A.burnt B.was burningC.has burnt D.had burnt简析Ao burn此处为瞬间动词,表示〃烫着〃,〃当他在做饭的时候,他烫着了手指〃,一般过去时在此处表示结果
2.T msorry youhave missed the bus.It five minutes ago.What apity!(2006年徐州)A.was leavingB.has left C.left D.leaves简析Co根据〃fiveminutes ago〃可知是指过去的事情,且表示的是结果,用一般过去时
3.Mr.Johnson,wehavefound yourwatch.My watch!Thank you.Where it(2006年绍兴)A.do you find B.have youfound C.did youfind D.were youfinding简析C〃发现〃的动作为过去的事情,表示过去的结果,故用一般过去时【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查过去进行时主要有以下用法
1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事例如I wasreading the newspaper at
6.30this morning.
2、当过去某一件事情发生时,另外一个动作正在进行此时,延续性动词用过去进行时,瞬间动词用一般过去时例如The earthquakestartedwhile1was doingsome shopping.
3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事例如When hisson arrived,the old man wasdying.【中考链接】
1.I came to yourhome yesterday afternoon,but nobodywas in.Oh,we someshopping in the supermarket.(2007年南通)A.have doneB.did C.were doingD.arc doing简析Co根据对话,可知在对方到他们家时,他们当时正在超市购物
2.What doyou thinkof thecolour ofmy newdressSorry,but whatdid yousay I about somethingelse.(2007年扬州)A.think B.thought C.am thinkingD.was thinking简析Do第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此人正在考虑别的事情过去进行时表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行
3.I my homework whilemy parentsTV lastnight.(2006年南京)A.did;have watchedB.was doing;were watchingC.had done;were watching D.would do;were watching简析Bo做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作,所以都用过去进行时【考点5]现在完成时的用法考查现在完成时主要有以下用法
1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作例如Eddie haslived withMillie sincehe wasborn.
2、谈论过去发生的动作,并且和现在存在联系即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响Eddie haseaten myfood.(Eddieate thefood andnow Hobohas nothingto eat.)但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时现在完成时常见的时间状语有for+一段时间;since+过去的某个时间;so far,yet,recently,over/in thelast/past段时间;(once,twice,)three***times,never,ever,up tonow,thesedays例如I haven,t seenhim thesedays./Have youever seeneach otherbefore【中考链接】
1.Hello,this isLily speaking.Could Ispeak toMr.BlackSorry.He theXuanwu LakePark.(2007年南京)A.has beento B.went toC.has goneto D.will go to简析Co说话者此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作has beent表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了
2.Would youlike to see thefilm withmer msorry I it twice.(2007年北京)A.see B.will seeC.have seenD.am seeing简析Co从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了表示到目前的结果,用现在完成时
3.In thepast fewyears theregreat changesin myhometown.(2007年天津)A.have beenB.were C.had beenD.are简析Ao over/in thelast/past+一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语
4.Kitty,willyougo tosee thefilm-Cold Mountainthis eveningNo,I wont.Iitalready.(2006年南京)A.saw B.have seenC.see D.will see简析Bo用现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响不去看电影的原因是因为已经看过了【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况例如Hepburnhad beena modelbefore she became aHollywood superstar.【中考链接】
1.Did yousee Mr.Chen yesterdayafternoonNo.When Igot to school,he already.(2006年扬州)A.left B.has left C.was leavingD.had left简析一I)到达学校为过去的动作,在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了过去完成时表示过去的过去【考点7】将来时的用法考查表示将来时态的结构很多主要有以下儿类
1、be going to do…表示计划,打算做某事,例如r mgoing to visit mygrandparents nextFriday evening.也可以表示不艮据目前情况很可能要发生的事例如Its cloudy.Its going to rain.
2、一般现在时,可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语例如My cousinfinishesschool next year.
3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作例如Are yougoingto the wetlandsphoto shownext week
4、一般将来时,will/shall do..,在第一人称1/We的句子中,可以用shall引导;各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时注意
1、时间,条件状语从句中,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来,而主句要用一般将来时例如I will go shoppingwhen I am free.
2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时例如一一Tom isill in hospital.-Oh,Im sorry to hearthat.I will go andsee him.
3、将来时态常见的时间状语有常见的时间状语next Tuesday,next week,the comingSunday,thisafternoon,tomorrow,tonight等【中考链接】1・“Ann isinhospital.Yes、I know.I hertomorrow.2007年盐城A.visit B.used to visit C.will visitD.am goingto visit简析Do从Yes,I know.可知对方事先已知道Ann生病的消息,已有了去看望她的计划和打算be goingto d表示计划打算做某事
2.Mr.Smith atalk oncountry musicnext Monday.2007年4匕京A.give B.gave C.has givenD.will give简析Do next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语
3.You,ve leftthe lighton.Oh,sorry.and turnit off.2006年泰州A.r vegone B.V11go C.I went D.Im going简析Bo经人提醒才知道,应为临时决定要去做某事,用一般将来时
4.Joan,you arelate!--Sorry,I nexttime.2006年浙江A.don,t B.won,t C.am notD.haven,t简析Bo nexttime是将来的时间状语表示以后不会再迟到了,所以应用一般将来时动词时态自测练习题一请用正确的动词和时态填入下列各词
1.He backa monthago.come
2.My motheroften tells me inbed.not read
3.I musttake itback thedayaftertomorrow.You canonly itfor24hours.保存
4.Why haveyou keptme herefor solong atime wait
5.Please cometo our meeting ifyou freetomorrow,be
6.She tothe Great Wall several times,goes
7.In his letter,he saidthat heus very much,miss
8.The filmfor nearlyfifteen minuteswhen Igot tothe cinema,be
9.He saidhebecamein physics,interest
10.This filmis worth.see
11.He wenttoschoolinstead ofhome.go
12.In theold daysit wasdifficult for the poorto ajob.找
13.Its coldoutside,so you,d betteryour coat.穿上
14.He ishungry.Please givehim something.eat
15.Please dontwaste timeTV everyevening.You shouldword hardat English,watch
16.We foundthe window.break
17.You havedropped yourpencil..拾起来
18.Mother oftentellsmetoo late,not come home
19.You hadbetter bybus,oryouwill belate,go
20.I willLi Mingthe goodnews as soon asI see him.告诉
21.Great changesin ourcountry since
1978.take place
22.Imydaughter sincelast month,hear from
23.It metwo daysto writethe article.花费
24.Dont touchthat child,sleep
25.Every time he triedto startthe car,the wheelsdeepersintosthemud.sink
26.When Igot home,I foundthat myroom breaksintosanda lotof things.steal
27.If Ihad arrivedthere earlier,I him.meet
28.I didn,t rememberher thebook before,give
29.He calledat everydoor,people the exciting news,tell
30.Yesterday Marycouldn,t finishher homework,so shehas to go onit thisafternoon,do
31.We footballwhen it began torain.We had to stopand gohome,play
32.Xiao Linfrom herefor abouttwo hours,be away
33.swheres Canyoufindyour birthplace onthe mapSorry,I can,t.be born
34.Last nightwe back home until the teacherleft school,not go
35.Comrade LiDazhao inprison in
1927.put
36.swheresis professorLeeHe tothe library.He11come backsoon,go
37.We couldnot helpafter weheard thestory,laugh
38.Would youplease mean English-Chinese dictionarywhen you comebring
39.He toldme that he theGreatWall the yearbefore.visit
40.r11tell himthenewsas soon as heback,come
41.The boyby thedoor ismy brother,stand
42.Do youremember thefilm lastyear see
43.There aphysics testnextMonday.be
44.I finishmyhomeworkin class必须No,you needn,t.
45.rmsorry youvemissedthelast bus.It tenminutes ago.leave
46.Wei Fangis heardEnglish every morning,hear
47.John stoppeda resthave becausehe forthree hours,work
48.rmsorryto have kept you.wait
49.A newtheatre now.build
50.The boysbasketball onthe playgroundare myclassmates,play
51.I regrettedanswering likethat,I wassorry so.do
52.Can,tyousee Imbusycook
53.He worriedwhen comingsintostheteacher,s office,look
54.come beef!随便吃点
55.Its agreat shamefor mein frontof somany people,laugh at答案
1.came
2.not to read
3.keep
4.waiting
5.are
6.has been
7.missed
8.had beenon
9.interested
10.seeingH.going
12.find
13.put on
14.to eat
15.watching
16.broken
17.Pick itup
18.not tocomehome
19.go
20.tell
21.have takenplace
22.have heardfrom
23.took
24.sleeping
25.sank
26.had beenbroken into/stolen
27.would havemet
28.giving/shavingsgiven
29.telling
30.doing
32.has beenaway
33.were youborn
34.didnt go
35.was put
36.has gone
37.laughing
38.bring
39.had visited
40.comes
41.standing
42.seeing
43.is goingto be
44.Must
45.left
46.toread
47.to have・・・had worked
48.waiting
49.is beingbuilt
50.playing
51.to do/to havedone
52.cooking
53.looked
54.Help yourselfto
55.to belaughed at动词时态自测练习题二
56.
1.I willtell him assoon ashebackA.come B.comes C.will comeD.came
3.The girloften coldwhenshe.A.catch***dances B.catches***dances C.catchs***dances D.catches***dance
4.he___________himself thereNo,I dont think so.A.Do---enjoy B.Does---enjoies C.Does---enjoys D.Does---enjoy
5.-your teacherfrom themvery often-Certainly.A.Do***hear B.Does-**hear C.Do***receive D.receive
6.your mothersome cleaningon SundaysA.Does--*does B.Do・・・does C.Does---do D.Do・・・do
7.Tomtowork hardtohelphis family-Yes,heA.Has---x・・・does B.Has・・・x・・・does C.Does・・・has・・・has D.Does---have***does
8.Which teacherlessons toyou every day A.does---gives B.does---give C.do---give D.gives
9.Smith doesnot gofishing onweekdays,,he does.A.does he・・・No B.does he---Yes C.doesn,t he・・・No D.doesn,the…Yes
10.Mr Blackoften fishingon Sundays,he A.goes***doesn,t B.goes***isn,t C.doesn,t go***goes D.doesn,t go***is
11.He usuallyTV onSunday evening.A.watch B.watches C.watchingD.is watching
12.We Hgo toplay withsnow ifit tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.will snowD.snowed
13.Neither Inor heFrench.A.speak B.doesn,t speakC.speaks D.doesn,t speak
14.Nobody howto run操纵this machine.A.know B.have knownC.knows D.is knowing
15.The YoungPioneer waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carry B.bring C.takes D.carries
16.Some arein theriver andsome aregames.A.swimming*--plaiing B.swiming-^playing C.swimming---playing D.swimming---plaing
17.Look!The boystudents are________football whilethe girlsareA.playing*--dance B.playing*--dancing C.play-dancing D.playdanceA.is beginningB.is beginningC.begin D.begins
18.He to do hislessons ateight everyevening.A.Does***gets B.Does**-get C.Is*--getting D.Is…geting
20.Mr Smithshort stories,but hea TV play thesedays.A.is writing---is writingB.is writing…writes C.writes---is
19.he onwell with his friendsthis termwriting D.writes-**writes
21.I tothe cinema.I thereevery Sunday.A.go---go B.am going---go C.go---am goingD.A.have・・・do B.have***don,t C.are having…are D.are having---aren,tam going---am going
22.Look,they agood time,they
23.You aboutthe futurenow,you A.dont think***don,t B.aren,t thinking***aren,tC.don,tthink***do D.aren,t thinking---areA.studied---played B.studied---plaied C..studied---plaied D.
24.She alwayssomething whenevershestudyed***played
25.He oftenlate in the forest.It meverymuch.,A.stayed,--worried B.staied*--worried C.stayed---worryed D.staied---worried
26.I that the boywith notears inhis eyes.A.noticed***cryed B.noticed***cried C.noticd・・・cried D.noticed***cryed
27.We thefloor andallthewindows.A.mopped---cleanned B.moped---cleaned C.mopped---cleaned D.moped---cleaned
28.When Ithe Children,s Palace,the childrenwith joy.A.visitd・.・jumpped B.visite***jumped C.visited***jumped D.visited***jumpped
29.a sportsmeet last SundayYes,theyA.Did theyhave---did B.Did theyhave---had C.Had they---had D.Had they-did
30.you outfor awalk aftersupperYes,IA.Did・・・went・・・went B.Did***go***went C.Did***went***did D.Did-go…did
31.Jack onwithhiswork ortohavea restA.Did---went•••stopped B.Did・・・go・・・stop C.Did…went・・・stop D.Did***go・•・stopped
32.You gavethem atalk two days ago,youYes,IA.did…did B.did***gave C.didn,t・・・did D.didn,t・・・gave
33.your brotheraletterto-My fatherdid.A.Who…wrote B.What***wrote C.Who did***write DWhat did---write
34.They aboutthe TVnews thenin the sitting-room.They oftensuchtalksA.talked---had B.talk---have C.were talking---had D.are talking---have
35.He somecooking atthat time,so heme.A.did---heard B.did・・・didnt hearC.was doing,--heard D.was doing---didn,t hear
36.〃_____you angrythen”They_____________too muchnoise.”A.Are-were makingB.Were••,were makingC.Are*--niade D.Were---made
37.Thistime yesterday,Jack hisbike.He TV.A.repaired***didn,t watchB.was repairing---watchedC.repaired,--watched D.wasrepairing---wasn,t watching
38.We forTom atten lastSunday.He oftenkept usA.were waiting,••waiting B.were waiting***wait C.waited***waiting D.waited***wait
39.When youat thedoor,I some washing.A.knocked敲…did B.was knocking---did C.knocked---was doingD.knock・・・am
40.The boyEnglish onthe radiowhen Ihis door.doingA.learned・・・was openingB.was learning***openedC.learned***opened D.is
41.When theythrough theforest,a bearat them.come at:learning---open袭击)A.walked***was comingB.were walking***came C.were walking***comes D.walk***is coming
42.A youngman herwhile sheher work.A.watched---was doingB.was watching---didC.watched---did D.was watching---was doing
43.While mothersomewashing,Iakite forKack.A.did***made B.was doing***made C.was doing***was makingD.did***was making
44.I myselfFrench from7to9yesterday morning.I towork.A.was teaching---didn,t goB.taught---didn,t goC.was teaching---went D.taught***went
45.He amodel planewhen I cametoseehim.A.makes B.is makingC.was makingD.made
46.Ialetter atnine lastnight.A.is writingB.waswritingC.wrote D.is writing
47.The teacher________us ahistory lessonwhen Tomwalked intotheclassroom.A.gave B.is givingC.was givenD.was giving
48.There will be afootball matchin twodays,that is.A.lastSundayB.next SundayC.every SundayD.this Sunday
49.We________a classmeeting thisNovember.A.had B.have C.will haveD.are having
50.He inhis gardeneverymorningnextyear.A.will work B.works C.worked D.is working参考答案1—5BABDB6—10CDDBA11—15BBCCD16—20CBDCC21-25BDDDA26—30BCBAD31—35BCCCD36—40BDACB41-45BDCAC46—50BDDCA动词时态自测练习题
(三)I.单项填空
1.When willyou cometoseeme,DadI will gotoseeyouwhenyouthe trainingcourse.A.finished B.finish C.are finishingD.will finish
2.Where,s yourbrotherHe forFrance forfurther studies.A.had left B.has leftC.left D.will leave
3.If youhim tomorrow,please askhim ifhe towork onthe farmwithus.A.see;goes B.will see;goes C.will see;willgoD.see;willgo
4.I wont goto beduntiltheTVplayover.Youd betternot dothat.A.is B.was C.will D.will be
5.They aboutthe comingOlympic Gamesin Beijing.Let,s jointhem.Good idea.A.talk B.are talkingC.have talkedD.talked
6.Where didyou putyour bagOh,I Iput itonthechair becausethe phonerang asI in.A.remembered;come B.remembered;was comingC.remember;comeD.remember;was coming
7.When youthee-dictionaryLast month.A.have;bought B.had;bought C.do;buy D.did;buy
8.Is thatMr.Lu speakingSorry,he isn,t in.He abroadon business.A.goes B.went C.has goneD.willgo
9.I knockedinto atree whenI wenttotherailway stationto meetmy friend.I supposeyou toofast.A.drive B.are drivingC.drove D.were drivingago.
10.Henry speaksChinese verywell.He inChina sinceten yearsA.stays B.stayed C.is stayingD.has stayed
11.Don,t turnon mycomputer whileIm away.A.I shouldn,tB.I haven,tC.I wontD.I don,t
12.What doyou dormasalesman.I ina companyin Nanjing.I likemy joba lot.A.workB.had workedC.will workD.worked
13.When areyou leavingMy plane at10:
30.A.takes offB.took offC.has takenoff D.will takeoff
14.Have youever beento AustraliaYes,I therealone threetimes in
2006.A.have beenB.have goneC.wentD.had gone
15.He worksas ateacher now,but heonafarm forthree years.A.workedB.hasworkedC.had workedD.worksII.用括号中单词的适当形式填空
1.The childrenwill climbthe hillifitnot raintomorrow.
2.Mr.King toldhis studentsthatthesun goup inthe east.
3.Haven,tI told youI likecoffee withoutsugarSorry,but Ionly puta little.
4.Don,tbenoisy.Mum talkwith theguest inthesittingroom.
5.Why didn,tyoucome andopen thedoor forme,dearOh,sorry,I cookinthekitchen.I didn,t hearyou.
6.How canyou startplaying gamesso soon,TomIfinish myhomework,Mom.
7.Do youwant tosee thefilm/zHarry PotterH〃?The filmHarry PotterII〃Isee it.Its reallywonderful.
8.By the timehearrived atthe stop,the8o clockbusleave.So hehadtowait forthenext bus.
9.I wonderif hejoinus inthe discussiontonight.
10.When Iarrived,heleave.So weonly hada fewwords together..参考答案I.1-5BBDAB6-10DDCDD11-15CAACA
11.
1.doesn,t rain
2.goes
3.put
4.is talking
5.wascooking
6.have finished
7.have seen
8.had left
9.will join
4.现在完成进行时havebeen doing用法表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来例We havebeen workingon thisproject forover amonth now.至U目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了注意事项与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现例1997年6月四级第45题It seemsoil fromthis pipefor sometime.We11have totake themachine apartto putitright.A hadleaked B is leakingC leaked D has been leaking从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障”第二句表示将要采取的措施第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时D has beenleaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案有11%的考生误选了Bisleakingo由于本句有时间状语for sometime,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态有些考生误选了Cleaked或A hadleaked是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时
5.一般过去时用法A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况B)表示过去习惯性动作特别是由would/used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时例The oldman wouldsit ona benchinthequiet parkand lookat othersfor hourswithoutdoing anythingor talkingto anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈)He used tovisithis motheronce aweek.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲)C)有时口弋替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气例I wantedto askyou ifI couldborrow yourcar(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)Would youmind mysitting here(您介意我坐在这里吗?)注意事项A)注意时间状语的搭配一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如yesterday,last month,in1999,twodaysago等,绝对不可与recently,inthepast10years,this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时8)usedto do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别你怎么写都正确以否定形式为例used nottodo,didn,t usedtodo,didn,t usetodo都对Used todo经常与be usedto doingsth/sth结构进行对比前者表示〃过去常常或过去曾经〃,要求加动词原形;后者表示〃习惯于〃,要求加名词或动名词
6.过去完成时(had done)用法表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态就是我们常说的表示〃过去的过去的动作或状态〃Until then,his familyfrom himfor sixmonths.A)didnt hearC)hasn,t heardB)hasn,t beenhearing D)hadn,t heard全句的意思是“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时答案是D)其它选项中A)didnt hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for sixmonths连用B)hasn,t beenhearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符0hasnt heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间注意事项“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制例There had been someone inour roomjust now,because Inoticed aburning cigaretteendon thefloor whenwe openedthe front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟)分析虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在开门〃和注意这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时
7.过去将来时(would/should do)用法表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事例I saidon ThursdayI shouldsee myfriend thenext day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友)注意事项由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项
8.过去进行时(was/were doing)用法A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作例Mary waslistening tolight music10minutesago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐)B)如果when,while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时例I waswashing myhair whenyou knockedatthefrontdoor.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发)注意事项其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时
10.将来进行时willbedoing用法强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情例Dont worry,you won,t missher.She willbe wearinga redT-shirt anda whiteskirtat thattime.别担心,你不会认不出她的她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙注意事项由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考〃一般将来时〃和〃现在进行时〃的有关注意事项II.将来完成时will havedone用法表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关例1997年1月四级第22题The conferencea fullweek by thetime it ends.A)must havelasted B)will havelastedC)would lastD)has lasted本题考核谓语动词的时态全句的意思是“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期”句中by thetime itends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时答案是B)willhave lastedo如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是bythetime itends而非bythetimeitended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C)would last错误因为D)has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确注意事项由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项12)将来完成进行时shall havebeen doing,will havebeen doing例By the end ofnext month,the projectwillhavebeen beingworked for3years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了)(被动语态)13)过去完成进行时hadbeen doing例The oldclock hadbeen beingtaken apartof andfixed upagain forseveraltimesby my10-year oldson beforeIcamebackhome.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行)(被动语态)14)过去将来进行时should bedoing,would bedoing例The governmentpromised thata newhighway wouldbe beingbuilt nextJuly.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时)(此句为被动语态)15)过去将来完成时should havedone,would havedone例I believedbytheend ofthat yearan advancedversion ofthat softwarewould havebeendeveloped,but Iwas wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来但是我错了)(此句为被动语态)16)过去将来完成进行时should havebeendoing,would havebeendoing例They saidthat bytheendof thefollowing month,the projectwould havebeen beingworkedfor3years.(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了)中考英语动词时态复习七大考点时态是初中英语语法难点,也是中考的重要考点,其考点主要集中在以下几个方面【考点一般现在时的用法考查1]一般现在时主要有如下几点用法
1、经常性或习惯性的动作例如It seldomsnows inSuqiannow.
2、现在的特征或状态例如He lovessports.
3、普遍真理,一般规律例如Light travelsfasterthansound./Fish soongoes badin hotweather.
4、可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束;飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达,什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动动词一般限于少数几个,如:begin,start,stop,arrive,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等例如Myplaneleavesat11a.m.tomorrow./School beginsthe dayaftertomorrow.
5、在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中,从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时,主句要用将来时例如:Turn offthe lightbeforeyou leave./Wewillstart assoonasyou areready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点a.在间接引语中,如果转述的是客观真理,一般规律,谚语俗语,一般现在时时态保持不变例如He saidthe earthis round.b.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况;但if作为〃是否〃意思时,其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时When作为〃当、、时候〃,引导状语从句时、从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况,如:When hecomes,I willlet youknow;如果引导的是宾语从句,表示〃什么时候〃,则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时,如I dontknow whenhe willvisitme.c.——些时间副词如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,every。
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