山东省平邑县曾子学校2025年高考英语试题各地试题含解析

山东省平邑县曾子学校2025年高考英语试题各地优质试题注意事项考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.

1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.

2.

0.5请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.

3..作答选择题，必须用铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案.42B作答非选择题，必须用毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效.05如需作图，须用铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.

5.2B第一部分（共小题，每小题分，满分分）20L

5301.In Beijing,more than21,100people to donate theirbodies by the end of2017,as the city promotedabody donationcampaign from

1999.A.have appliedB.had appliedC.would have applied D.applied

2.I forShanghai thisSaturday,so Iwant toknow when the earliestplane.A.leave;takes offB.am leaving;takes offC.leave;is takingoff D.am leaving;is takingoff

3.Your letterwill getattention!They knowyoure expectingthe answer.A.careful B.common C.instant D.general

4.Michelle Obamawears clothesthat anyonecan buyin amall and she mayhave alarger effecton consumersthanordinary models.A.furthermore B.otherwise C.nevertheless D.therefore

5.You canuse alarge plasticsbottle,cut off,as aplot togrow flowersin.A・with its top B.the topof whichC.whose topD.itstopis

6.Thanks toMr.Smith,the fatherand theson eventuallyafter tenyears1cold relationshipbetween them.A.took upB.made upC.looked upD.turned up

7.If wea tablein advance,we wouldntbe standinghere in the longqueue.A.reserve B.reservedC.have reservedD.had reserved一

8.The roomlooks bigger!—We thefurniture.A.have changedB.had changedC.changed D.are changing

9.In recentyears,Chinese artshave won the of a lot of peopleoutside China.

2、A.In shortB.In briefC,In otherwords D.On the other hand、3A.winter B.summer C.awful D.permanent

4、A.extra B・poor C.average D.good、5A.fell overB.fell throughC.fell downD.fell off、6A.negative B.right C.excellent D.casual、7A.making B,spreading C.changing D.doing

8、A.frequently B・rarely C.occasionally D.willingly、9A.when B.after C.until D.before、10A.drops B.signs C.tracks D.marks11A.visited B,arrived C.left D.returned、12A.take B,obtain C.reject D.make13A.reflection B.truth C,gratitude D.award、14A.special B.general C.different D.professional、15A.taking B.following C.offering D.refusing、16A.others B,themselves C.customers D.co-workers17A.expensive B.cautious C.cheap D.careful18A.more B.least C.most D.less

19、A.frustration B・regret C.prejudice D.satisfaction20A.respect B.aspect C.challenge D.failure第二节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式L5151（分）」（）

27.15Legos arepopular withkids But1make themcan hurtthe environmentWhy Legosare madeof plastic（）The plasticis madefrom oilThat is a nonrenewableresource Recently,Lego

2.introduce earth-friendly piecesThey aremade ofplastictaken fromsugarcane Thatisarenewable materialThe greenpieces arepart of a biggerplan forLego Thecompany plansto use（）renewable materialsin allits3,toy by

4.The actionsthe companytakes todaycan havean influenceon theplanet oftomorrow第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分分）10（分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文作文中共有处语言

28.1010错误，每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号

（八），并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉修改在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

1.只允许修改处，多者从第处起不计分21011Lei Xingyu,who issixteen,a middleschool student in NorthernChina.She isone of the beststudentinher classand shewas won an awardfor young scientistslast year.When sittingin theclassroom,she looksjust likeall hisclassmates butafter9class herlife isobvious different.She wasborn without the abilityto useher legsbut shehas nofeeling belowher waist.She hasto use a wheelchairto doeveryday things,suchas gettingdressing,getting out of bedand go to school.So farshe hadcreated manyprograms.And one of whichreceived an award ather第二节书面表达满分分provinces sciencefair.25分假定你是李华，收到笔友的如下邮件,请按括号内的内容提要给予回复

29.25BenDear Li Hua,Guess whatMy bosshas askedme to make ashort filmfor visitorsto yourtown.Great rilbe incharge of a filmteam offour soif11be aninteresting experiencefor me.We couldcome forone weekeither inJuly orAugust.When doyou thinkwould bebetterSay whenandwhyIn the film wedlike toshow aplace thafsa bitunusual.Is theresomewhere interestingthat touristsdont normallyvisit TellBenFinally,weH needsomeone toshow usaround thetown.Do youknow someonewho mightbe ableto helpus offerto helpPleasewrite backsoon.Ben注意词数左右；L

100.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯2开头和结尾已为你写好

3.Dear Ben,Best wishesforyou!Yours,LiHua参考答案第一部分（共小题，每小题分，满分分）20L

530、1B、2B、3C、4D、5A、6B、7D、8A、9C、10D、11C、12B、13B、14C、15C、16D、17D、18A、19A、20A第二部分阅读理解（满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项40A BC D、

211.B

2.C

3.B

4.D、

221.A

2.C

3.A

4.B、

231.C

2.C

3.A

4.B

24.

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B、

251.C

2.B

3.B第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的、、L530A BC和四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.D、

261.B

2.C

3.B

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.C

8.B

9.C

10.D

11.D

12.A

13.A

14.D

15.C

16.B

17.D

18.C

19.D

20.A第二节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

1.

5151、

271.making/to make

2.has introduced/introduced

3.toys第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分分）10Lei Xmgyu.ts sixteesvA1cuddle scboolsruteit mNorthern QuuSbe isooe oftbe bestgudotf mheris studesbclittndsheWM won an iwardfor xnmgmestms listyes Whenamag in the clisttooavibe looksjuit likeall wishisclwmMes buiifto CIMSber bfeis otniousdifTnem Sbewas borawithout tbeababty tomeher le^s buisbe herobvMXuiyudhas Mfcelmg belowbcr wuaSbe hasto use a wbeeldutftodoeveryday thrnp.such asgcttxnf dr—g_getting dressed闻皿oot ofbedaod ggto xboolSo fardc aestedauay progrs Aadooe ofwtoch receivednawardbcr goinghas them、2g protnocesscieooe fur第二节书面表达（满分分）

25、29Dear Ben,Its great that youremaking ashort filmabout mytown,a worldwidetourist destinationknown for its specialsights allthe yearround.Now Idlike tooffer moredetails inresponse toyour questions.You couldcome herein August,with fewrainy daysand stabletemperatures,ideal weatherconditions requiredfor yourwok.Besides,its the best timeto visitthe GreenValley,whose unusualbeauty wasdiscovered justrecently becauseof itsinaccessibilityand yetworth showingin yourfilm.To reachthe place,you needa localguide toguarantee safety.But forother sitesin thetown,Tdlike toshow youaround them,so that you cansave sometime andfinish yourfilmmaking asscheduled.Hopefully,your tripto mytownwill berewarded withgreat success!A.reputation B.enjoymentC.appreciation D.entertainment

10.Usually doctorsare understandablyabout newmedicines becauseof theuncertainty of theireffects.A.considerate B.logical C.optimistic D.cautious

11.Smoking in the kitchenin myhouse.A.doesnt allowB.didnt allowC.isn9t allowedD.wont allow

12.--Pm sureAndrew willwin thefirst prizeinthefinal.—I thinkso.He forit months.A・is preparingB.has beenpreparing C.was preparingD・had beenpreparing

13.It was intheremote mountain areas I spent thegap yearI learnedhow to work witha groupofstrangers andhow tolook aftermyself.A.where;that B.when;thatC.where;when D.that;where

14.Along with the emailwas mybrothers promiseI camefirst inthe competition,he wouldbuy mean MP

4.A.whatB.that C.that ifD.whether

15.The Japanesepeople keepup cheerfulspirits the world that they canget overthe crisiscaused by the（海啸）.terrible tsunamiA.being convincedB.convincedC.to convinceD.having convinced

16.A stormburied Illinoisunder severalinches ofsnow onTuesday,at least100people deadin trafficaccidents.A.to leaveB.leaveC.left D.leaving一

17.Someone wantsyou on the phone.—nobody knowsI amhere.A・Although B.AndC.So D.But

18.His suggestionto seethefilmAvatar interestedevery one of us.A.that wego B.which we should goC.that wewould goD.weshouldgo

19.The TVstation will be thegame liveon Saturday afternoon,and wecant missit.A.covering B.improving C.handling D.canceling

20.—There arentany toysin oursuitcase.Where haveyou putthem一Oh,no.That oldlady sittingnext tous havetaken oursby mistake.A.mustB.could C.should D.would第二部分阅读理解（满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项40A BC D分

21.6Welcome toReading MuseumsHands-on LearningserviceReading Museumhas beenoffering learningopportunities toschools forover100years,and withyour supportwe hopetocontinue thistradition for the next100years.SESSIONS ATREADING MUSEUMVictorian SchoolroomThe sessiontakes placein asuperb reconstructionofaschoolroom in a latenineteenth centuryBoard School.The childrenwillexperience arange ofVictorian stylelessons anduse slateboards anddip pens.The sessionleader playsthe roleofaVictorian teacherbutwill comeout of the roleduring thesession thereassure the children.We supplycostume for all children.Victorian ToysOurVictorian nannydelivers thisinteresting session.The nannywill helpchildren toexplore thedifferences betweenrich andpoorchildrens toysfrom thepast.During thesession thechildren have the opportunitytomakea toyto take home.Victorian ChristmasIna speciallydecorated roomthechildrenwill findout howthe Victoriansintroduced manyof ourChristmas customs.They willmakea simplecard orpresent totake homeand takepart in a minipantomime.HOW TOBOOK ANEDUCATIONAL VISITForup todate pricesand sessiondetails,please visitour websitewww.readingmuseum.org.uk/schools/sessioss/For allsession bookingsplease phoneus on

01189373400.We askthat youbook atleast4weeks inadvance.Please beready totellus whenyou wishto come,the sessionsyou wishto book and theyear groupof pupils.Our sessionstake placebetween10:00and12:00or12:30and14:

30.The maximumgroup sizeis35pupils.We recommendthatyoubring5adults foreach group.、1Who willgive theVictorian stylelessonsA.The children.B.The sessionleader.C.The Victoriannanny.D.The visitors.、2You cantakehomethe thingsmade byyourself from.A.Victorian SchoolroomVictorian ChristmasB.VictorianSchoolroomVictorian ToysC,Victorian ToysVictorian ChristmasD.All ofthe above、3If youwant tobookaneducational visit,you needto..A.go therein personB.call at01189373400C,book twoweeks inadvanceD.visit www.readingmuseum.org.uk/schools/sessions/、4Which ofthe followingis trueA.Reading Museumhas providedlearning servicesfor200years.B.At least5adults arerequired to accompany eachgroup.C.The minimumgroup sizeis35pupils.D.All thesessions lastfor2hours.（分）

22.8Hawking wasperhaps the most famousscientist inthe worldwhen hedied in2018at age

76.His1988book,A BriefHistoryof Time,sold tenmillion copiesand madehim anunlikely superstareven topeople whosweated throughhigh schoolscience.Humor was always abig partof Hawkingseffort to bring physics to themasses.In his2010book,The GrandDesign,for instance,he recountshow,in1277,the CatholicChurch declaredscientific lawssuch asgravity tobe wrong,since theyseemed againstGodsidea/Interestingly,“the textadds jokingly,Pope Johnwas killedby theeffects ofthe lawof gravitya fewmonths later when the roofof hispalace fellin onHawking was only21when hewas diagnosedwith thedisease ALS.For mostpeople,the conditionwould have been adisaster.ButHawking rolledover hardshipas if it werejust apebble underhis wheelchair/Life wouldbe tragic,“he oncesaid,“if it werentfbnny.He keptsmiling eventhough hespent morethan50years ina wheelchair.“He lovedadventure andfun,“says Mlodinow,who oncetook Hawkingon apunt-boat tripdown thefiver Camin Cambridge,England,despite theobvious dangeroftheboat turningover.You knowabout when he wenton theVbmit CometIts aplane thatflies（抛物线的）inaparabolic pathso youare weightless,like youare inspace.A lotof peoplevomit,but heloved thatsort ofthing.Andhe was65at thetime.Hawkings greatesthit,humor-wise,was probablythe cocktailparty hethrew in

2009.lt was awelcome receptionfbr futuretimetravelers,,9he said,so naturally,he sentout theinvitations the day afterthe party.No oneshowed upyet/cMaybe oneday someonelivingin the future willfind theinformation anduseawormhole time machine tocome backto myparty,proving thattime travelwill onedaybe possible,“Hawking explained.And ifthat happens,dont besurprised ifHawking isthere too.After all,he nevermissed achance tohavefun.、1What doesthe textmainly tellus aboutHawkingA.He relatedphysics tohumor closely.B.He madegreat contributionsto physics.C.He wentthrough manyfunny experiences.D.He wasoptimistic about the futureof science.2What canwe learnabout Pope JohnA.He wasnot infavor ofGod.B,He wasa scientistlike Hawking.C.He wasopposed to the lawof gravity.D.He was killed dueto thediscovery of gravity.、3What droveHawking togo onthe Vomit CometA.His fondnessof adventure.B.The invitationfrom hisfriend.C・The requirementsof hiswork.D.His desirefor recoveryfrom ALS.、4What canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphA.The cocktailparty wasa greatsuccess.B.The possibilityof time travel wasnot proved.C.Hawking wasa manwho enjoyedholding parties.D.The wormhole time machinewas usedat thattime.分无人机

23.8A sharkmoving around the coastlineis normallya worryingsight,but thiswaterborne dronethreatensfloating rubbishinstead of people.Developed byDutch companyRanMarine,the WasteSharktakes natureas itsinspiration withits whaleshark-like mouth.Responsible forcollecting waste,the dronewill beginoperations inDubai Marinain Novemberafter ayear oftrials withlocal partnerEcocoast.According toRanMarine,the WasteSharkis availablein bothautonomous andremote-controlled models.Measuring justoverfive feetby three-and-a-half feet

1.5meters by

1.1meter,it cancarry upto352pounds ofrubbish

159.6kgand has an operationalbatterylife of16hours.By2016there wereapproximately150million tonsof plasticinthe worlds oceans.One paperfrom December2014estimatedthat overa quarterofamillion tonsof oceanplastic pollutionwas afloat.HWasteShark alsohas theabilities togather airand waterquality data,remove chemicalsoutofthe watersuch asoil,andheavy metals,and scanthe seabedto readits depthand outlines,nsaid OliverCunningham,one ofthe co-founders ofRanMarine.Fitted witha collision-avoidance system,the droneuses laserimaging detectionand rangingtechnology todetect anobject in its pathandstop orback upif theobject approaches.nHOur dronesare designedto movethrough awater system,whether itsaroundtheperimeter（周边）or throughthe cityitself.Thedrones arethat lastline ofdefense betweenthecityand theopen ocean,*added Cunningham.nWasteSharks areoperating inDubai,South Africaand theNetherlands andcost$17,000for theremote-controlled modeland justunder$23,000for theautonomousmodel.,Dubai-based operatorEcocoast hastwo WasteSharkdrones.Co-founder DanaLiparts saysthey willclean waterfrontsfor clientsincludinghotels andenvironmental authoritiesand thatEcocoast intentionis tohavethecollected rubbishrecycled orupcycled.However,Liparts arguesthat cleaningwaterways doesnthaveaone-size-fits-all solutionand requiresa combination、1What dowe knowaboutthe WasteSharkA.It canfrighten sharksaway.B.It isan oceanexplorer.C.It isa rubbishcollector.D.It cancatch fishinstead ofpeople.、2What doesParagraph4mainly tellusA.The causesof oceanpollution.B・The dangersof usingplastics.C.The severityof oceangarbage pollution.D.The importanceof oceanprotectionof newtechnology,preventative measuresand changingpeoples attitudestowards littering.、3What willtheWasteSharkdo withan approachingobjectA.Avoid crashinginto it.B.Break itinto pieces.C.Swallow it.D.Fly overit.、4Which ofthe followingideas doesLiparts agreewithA.The WasteSharkshould beused morewidely.B.More measuresshould betaken tomake waterclean.C.The productioncost ofWasteSharks shouldbe reduced.D.People shouldtake apositive attitudeto newtechnology.（分）

24.8Hawking wasperhaps themost famousscientist intheworldwhen hedied in2018at age

76.His1988book,A BriefHistoryof Time,sold tenmillion copiesand madehim anunlikely superstareven topeople whosweated throughhigh schoolscience.Humor wasalways abig partof Hawkingseffort tobring physicsto themasses.In his2010book,The GrandDesign,for instance,he recountshow,in1277,the CatholicChurch declaredscientific lawssuch asgravity tobe wrong,since theyseemed againstGod*sidea.Interestingly,“the textadds jokingly,PopeJohnwaskilledbytheeffects ofthe lawof gravitya fewmonthslaterwhentheroofof hispalace fellin onhim.”Hawking wasonly21whenhewas diagnosedwiththedisease ALS.For mostpeople,the conditionwould havebeen adisaster.ButHawking rolledover hardshipas ifitwerejust apebble underhis wheelchair.Tife wouldbe tragic,“he oncesaid,“ifitwerentfunny.^He keptsmiling eventhough hespent morethan4years ina wheelchair.“He lovedadventure andfun,says Mlodinow,who oncetook Hawkingonapunt-boat tripdown thefiver Camin Cambridge,England,despite theobvious dangeroftheboat turningover.You knowabout whenhe wentonthe VomitCometIfs aplane thatflies（抛物线的）inaparabolic pathso youare weightless,like youare inspace.A lotofpeoplevomit,but heloved thatsort ofthing.Andhe was65at thetime.Hawkings greatesthit,humor-wise,was probablythe cocktailparty hethrew in

2009.It wasa6€welcome receptionfbr futuretimetravelers,,9he said,so naturally,he sentouttheinvitations the dayafterthe party.No oneshowed upyet.“Maybe oneday someonelivingin thefuture willfind theinformation anduseawormholetimemachine tocome backto myparty,proving thattimetravelwill onedaybe possible,“Hawking explained.And ifthat happens,dont besurprised ifHawking isthere too.After all,he nevermissed achance tohavefun.、1What doesthe textmainly tellus aboutHawkingA.He relatedphysicstohumor closely.B.He madegreat contributionsto physics.C.He wentthrough manyfunny experiences.D.He wasoptimistic aboutthefutureof science.、2What canwe learnabout PopeJohnA.He wasnot infavor ofGod.B.He wasa scientistlike Hawking.C-He wasopposed tothe lawofgravity.D.He waskilled duetothediscovery ofgravity.、3What droveHawking togo ontheVomitCometA.His fondnessof adventure.B.The invitationfrom hisfriend.C,The requirementsof hiswork.D.His desirefor recoveryfrom ALS.、4What canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphA.The cocktailparty wasa greatsuccess.B.The possibilityof timetravel wasnot proved.C.Hawkingwasa manwho enjoyedholding parties.D.The wormholetimemachinewas usedatthattime..（分）2510Seattles Pike Place Marketstretches fbrfour cityblocks.It includesa collectionof oldbuildings,bunches ofstallsand streetmusicians andafters thatdraw bothlocals and visitors.The themedmarket wakesup eachday at5:00a.m.Among thefirst to（、贩）arrive areflower vendorsand fishmongers dlike JasonScott.My standis knownforitstradition ofthrowing fishbefore wrappingit upfor acustomer.I cameback outof highschool andIvebeen hereever since.Em46now.Many PikePlace Marketstores arefamily-run andhavebeenaround forgenerations.Russian-speaking immigrantsopenedPiroshky bakery25years ago.Not a lotofpeople understandwhat Piroshky is.People thinksometimes itsa lastname,so wedo havetoeducate peoplea lot.If you gotoRussia andyougotoamarket likethis,you couldhear thelatest screamout-Piroshky,Piroshkyand thafswhy wecall itPiroshky.Next toPiroshkyisa Chinesebakery calledMee Sumpastry.Its ownedbythethird generationoftheFong family.They calltheir（套餐）signature pastry,thebestand biggestcombos intowns.Like Chinesehamburger,you canput chickenor puppykibble orcrispyeven vegetableinit.（无序扩展的）But inthis sprawlingmarket,oneofthemostunusual placesisnt afood orcraft stall.Ifs the gum wallwherepeople canstick theirtiny chewedup clumponaroll.Apparently,they dontgive itmuch thought,trying tobe original.This gumwallstarted about20years agowhenthetheater askedpeople nottobringgum insidebecause theydidnt wantit underthe seats,so peoplewouldput gumup onthe outside.Market officialsinitially triedto clearthe stickystuff offthe wall,but newgum alwaysreappeared sothey finallygave up.Thegum wallquickly becamea touristattraction.And justlike that,thegumwall turnedinto anattraction,highlighting amore unusualsideof Seattlethat localsandvisitorslove.、1What dowe knowabout SeattlesPikePlaceMarketA.Its smalland delicate.B.Its tidyand inorder.C.Its specialand attractive.D.Its modernand new.、2What isPiroshkyA.A Russian-speaking immigrant.B.A kindof bakedpies.C.Peoples lastname.D.A Chinesebakery.、3How doesthe writerfind thegum wallA.It shouldbe clearedaway.B.It showsthe specialside ofSeattle.C.It ismade onpurpose.D.It resultedfrom themarket officials9wrong decision.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的、、和L530A BC四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.D（分）

26.30When I wasincollege twenty-five yearsago,Ispentfour summersworking in1at aluxury hotelin downtownChicago2I wasa maid.I didnot entertheworldof housekeepingenthusiastically.My friendshad3jobs suchas makingice cream,selling goodsat themall,orlife guardingat theoutdoor pool.I hadbeen hopingto geta jobasanoffice ladyfor afamous company:4pay,air-conditioned office,the goldstandard forsummer jobs,as mostof usdreamed of.When that5the onlyoption leftwas totake atrain ridedowntown eachmorningtoworkasamaid.It wastiring work,cleaning upto eighteenrooms a day.My6attitude reflectedmydisdain（鄙视）forcleaning toilets,7bed sheets,dusting,eight hoursadayforthecomfort oftotal strangerswho8left atip.I thoughtit wasbeneathme.My maidwork wasaverage9thedayIwasassigned tothe eighteenthfloor.That wasLorenas regularfloor.The onlytime anothermaid setfoot onit wason Lorenasday off.If youleft anywater10onthemirror,orahair onthe bed,Lorena wouldhunt youdown whenshe11as Ifound outfirsthand.Shed endedher lectureto mewith“12some pridein yourwork.”She did.And sodid Rosalie,Helen,Annette,and alltheotherexperienced maids.Their devotionto doinga goodjob andtheir beliefthattheir workwasa13of theircharacter stuckwith methroughout my14career aftergraduation.I learnedalotfrom themduringthose foursummers.Not aweek wouldgo withoutoneofthem15some firmbut friendlyadvice:“Wheres yourcommode brushYou donthave oneHowdo youexpect toget thatbowl clean^^Their prideina job well done wasreflected inhow theytreated16They leftthe buildingattheendofthedayin nicedresses and17makeup.They lookedlike theycould havebeen attendingan afternoontea.And,18often,they weresmiling andlaughing,cheerfullygreeting theirco-workers agood evening.When youwork withhappiness and19ajobwillbewelldone.I believethere is20in anyjobif youwork hardand tryyour best.、1A.cleaning B.housekeeping C.serving D.managing。