新高考英语写作精讲 解题演示：概要写作 学案

专题概要写作-新高考英语写作精讲+解题演示10距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法［典题解读］阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇词左右的内容概要60（年月浙江卷）201811Its areally goodidea to visit collegesbefore you apply becausetheir websitescan allstart（校to lookand soundthe same.Nothing willgive youthe sense of whatit willactually belike tolive on a collegecampus园）like visitingand seeingfor yourselfthe dorms,classrooms and athletic equipmentand,of course,the students.It seemsalittle crazyonce senioryear hitsto find the timeto visitcollege campuses,and it can also be priceyif the schools you areapplying tohappen to be morethan acar rideaway.But keepin mindthat you are makinga decision about thenext fouryears of yourlife,and doall the research you can tomake sureyouare making the right one.Theres noexcuse nottovisit theschoolsin yourlocal area.In fact,a lot of collegeapplications evenask if you havevisitedcampus,and obviously,if you live acrossthe countrythat wontbe asmuch of a possibility,but ifyoulivenearby,go checkit out!If campus visits arentgoing tohappen beforeyouapply,at thevery leastyou shouldfind sometime betweenapplyingand gettingyour acceptanceletters tovisittheschools youdlike toattend.It cansave youa lotof heartacheif youruleout nowthe things that you dont likeabout certaincampuses,thingsthat you wouldntknow unlessyou actuallyvisit.文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口

二、课堂教学务必高效课堂是教育教学是主阵地高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重,更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用一是上好微专题课春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点,专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三二是上好试卷讲评课试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效首先，要精确掌握考情考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点其次，要规范讲评流程针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果三是克服“漏斗思维”所谓“漏斗思维”，就是今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点

三、学生训练务必得法教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力一是严格限时训练限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求二是严格规范答题要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢三是突出变式训练对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路四是落实“作业自助餐”对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益五是强化精神激励高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举教师要不吝赞美,从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性高考前天冲刺复习方法30英语

一、英语听力要坚持每天听

1、调整并保持听力状态很重要建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量

2、真题最好反复演练最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题

3、听写训练做一些真题的听写训练基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中,做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠

二、词汇语法坚持每天复习一部分在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目（错题集）也是复习该题型很好的方法尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容

三、完形填空每天要保证做一篇

1、培养语感如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读在朗读中，慢慢领悟

2、坚持训练每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程

四、阅读理解重中之重阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键考试临近也要坚持阅读与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章

1、阅读训练不停歇在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度

2、阅读文章要复习提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意单词、语法点以及复杂句平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析「2篇

3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间

五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握,通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容

六、作文考前至少精练10篇重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路每次写作前问自己四个问题这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了Now,if time and moneyaremakingit impossible,then checkout theonline college fairs atCollegeWeekLive.Its a颐问），chance tochat onlinewith admissionsofficers,students,and collegecounselors andit wontcost youa penny!You canregister forits onlinecollege fairat collegeweeklive.com.While visitingan onlinecollegefaircant takethe placeof an actualcampusvisit,itcan be avery usefultool thatalong withall yourother researchwill helpyou makean informeddecisionabout whichcolleges oruniversities youdlike toattend.【写作点拨】概要写作主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达之间，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁

一、抓住主旨把握重点通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句如果难以找到的话，那么就需要考生提炼出能够总结出全文的主题句，为概要的写作准备必要的中心话题再读全文，弄清文本中的主要信息和次要信息，写作概要时要略去次要信息和细节性信息，以确保概要写作的简洁性；同时，在读文本的过程中要在某些重点词句下做出标记根据文章不同的体裁可采取以下方法划出相关重点对于记叙文要圈出记叙文的六要素如果是夹叙夹议文，还要圈出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意；对于说明文要找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议，其中对于说明文类的实验研究报告（上海高考的热点体裁）要圈出以下几部分组成研究目的/背景、研究过程（包括实施者，实验对象，采用方法，具体步骤）、研究结果、研究意义/应用、研究的不足/局限性；对于议论文要提取议论文的三要素（论点、论据、结论）

二、概括段意整合要点在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面所以，在概要写作时只有把每段的大意都包括在内才能确保要点的全面但是，要点全面并不是把各段的段意简单地相加，而是需要对要表达的内容（即各段段意）进行梳理，在梳理的基础上进行整合或提炼

三、转换表达连句成篇所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来（避免整句照抄原文）转换表达的方法（具体例子参看“常用素材”）主要有同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿

四、检查修改规范誉写对初稿进行检查和修改在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅，词数是否符合题干要求对初稿进行修改纠错和润色纠正错词和病句，对初稿进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花；最后规范誉写上卡把修改后的续写规范誉写在答题卡上【常用素材】（以下为考生提供的是将要点转换表达出来的方法）,同义转换法（利用同义词语、近义词语替换原词语、概括词语替换具体词语）1We foundit difficultto solvethis complicated problem.—We founddifficulty insolving thiscomplicatedproblem.It isabsolutely necessary to thinkindependently in study.—Independent thinkingis anabsolute necessityinstudy.Clearing awaydirt isgood forhealth.—Clearing awaydirt benefitshealth.With muchof the publics attention,stars sufferfrom great pressure.—Living in thepublicgaze,stars facegreatpressure.She broughthome severalChinese andEnglish novels,a fewcopies ofReaders Digestand Newsweek,and sometextbooks.一She broughthome somebooks,including severalnovels andsome textbooks,and alsoa fewcopies ofmagazines..正反转换法（利用正反互换、肯定与否定互换进行转换）2He willremember his first task as areporter.—Never willhe forgethisfirsttaskas a journalist.The reasonthat he told mefor hisabsence did not soundbelievable.—The reasonthat hetold mefor hisabsence soundedunbelievable.People whocan speakEnglish be in themajority inthis country.一People whocannot speakEnglish bein theminority inthis country.Compared withthat method,this methodhas moredisadvantages.—Compared withthat method,this methodhas feweradvantages.I quiteagree with you.—1couldnt agreewithyoumore.His hometownis themost beautifulplace.—No placeis morebeautiful thanhis hometown.With advertising,it will be veryeasy forcustomers tojudge theworth ofa product.—Without advertising,it willbe verydifficult fbrcustomers tojudge theworth ofa product.The mostimportant stepis to fill in the application form withoutany falseinformation.一Its essentialtofillin theapplicationformcorrectly..词性转换法（利用词性变化进行转换）3He failedto passthe drugtest,and theboss hadto dismisshim fromhis job.—His failureof passingthe drugtest resultedin hisjob dismissal.Your skinwillbeburnt ifyouareexposed to the suntoo long.—Too longexposure to the sunwill harmyour skin.Reading cannot onlymake yourelaxed butalsobegood for your mind.—Reading cannot onlyrelax yourbody butalso dogood toyour mind..句式转换法（利用句型变化进行转换）4主动句式与被动句式之间的相互转换；简单句、并列句以及复合句之间的相互转换；普通句式与特殊句式（主要是倒装句和强调句）之间的相互转换；利用虚拟语气改变句型Two experimentswere carriedout bythe psychologist.—The psychologistperformed twoexperiments.He concludesthat peopledo nothave theability tosense whentheyre beingstared at.—His conclusionis thatpeople arenot equippedwith theability tofeel othersobservation.When hearrives,please sendme ane-mail.一On hisarrival,please sendmeane-mail.If everythingis considered,his planseems tobe moreworkable.—Evcrything takeninto consideration,his planseems tobe moreworkable.You willobtain all the informationifyou ask many different questions.—Only ifyouaskmanydifferentquestions willyou acquirealltheinformation.Johns successhas nothing to dowith goodluck.Years ofhard workhas made him what he is today.一Johns successhas nothingto dowith goodluck.It isyearsofhard workthat hasmadehimwhatheistoday.He suggestedeating outfor a change this weekend.一（）He suggestedthat weshould eatout fbrachangethisweekend.We didnthave a pleasant journeybecause of the rain.一But fbrthe rain,we wouldhave hadapleasantjourney.【解题演示】瞥题主要过程演示现以年月浙江卷”为例演示一下主要解题过程，供考生平时练习时参考“20196阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇词左右的内容概要60Parents everywherepraise theirkids.Jenn Berman,author ofThe AtoZGuide toRaising Happyand ConfidentKids,says,Weve goneto the opposite extremeofafew decadesago whenparents tendedtobe more strict.By givingkids a lotof praise,parents thinktheyre buildingtheir childrensconfidence,when,in fact,it maybe justthe opposite.Too muchpraise can backfire and,when givenin away thatsinsincere,make kids afraid totry newthings ortake arisk forfear ofnotbeing able to stay on topwhere theirparents9praise has put them.Still,dont gotoo farin the other direction.Not givingenough praisecan be just asdamaging asgiving too much.Kidswill feel like theyre not good enough or thatyoudont care and,as aresult,may seeno pointin trying hard for theiraccomplishments.So whatis theright amount of praiseExperts saythat thequality of praise is more importantthan thequantity.Ifpraise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you cangive itas oftenas your child does something thatdeservesa verbalreward.We shouldespecially recognizeour childrensefforts to push themselves and work hard toachievea goal,“says Donahue,author ofParenting WithoutFear:Letting Goof Worryand Focusingon WhatReallyMatters.One thingto rememberis thatits theprocess not the end product that matters.Your sonmay notbe the best basketballplayer onhis team.But ifhes outthere everyday andplaying hard,youshould praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising theeffort andnot the outcome can also meanrecognizingyour childwhen shehas workedhard toclean theyard,cook dinner,or finisha bookreport.But whateverit is,（相称的）praise shouldbe givenonacase-by-case basisand be proportionate to the amountof effort your child has put intoit.本篇体裁体裁为议论文；本文主旨各段段意

1.,表扬要适当，要根据实际情况4分段解读（划线部分为重点内容，其中“”是本文的中心词）第一段

②©Parents everywherepraise theirkids.Jenn Berman,author ofThe Ato ZGuide toRaising HappyandConfident Kids,says,Weve gonetothe opposite extremeofafew decadesago whenparents tendedto

③bemorestrict.By givingkidsalotofpraise,parents thinktheyre buildingtheir childrensconfidence,

④when,in fact,it maybejusttheopposite.Too muchpraisecanbackfireand,when givenin away thatsinsincere,make kidsafraid totry newthings ortake arisk forfear ofnot beingabletostayon top wheretheirparents praisehasputthem.句

①指出存在的社会现状句

②对于第一句传达的信息进行了修正句

③给出了作者的观点句

④是对第三句话中theopposite由此，句

①与句

②可以看作是导入，把句

③暂定为主题句，可统领其他几句第二段

①②Still,dont gotoo farin theother direction.Not givingenough praisecanbejust asdamaging asgiving

③toomuch.Kids willfeelliketheyrenotgoodenoughorthatyoudontcareand,as aresult,may seenopoint intryinghardfor theiraccomplishments.句

①提出忠告句

②提出作者观点句

③说明具体是怎样的害处:第三段

①②So whatis theright amountofpraiseExperts saythat thequality ofpraise ismore important

③than thequantity.If praiseissincereandfocusedon theeffortnottheoutcome,youcangive itas oftenas

④your childdoessomethingthat deservesa verbalreward.“We shouldespecially recognizeour childrenseffortstopushthemselvesandworkhard to achievea goalJ saysDonahue,author ofParenting Without

⑤Fear:Letting Goof Worryand Focusingon WhatReally Matters.“One thingto rememberis thatits theprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.句

①提出问题:句

②专家的观点:句

③提出解决问题的办法:句

④和句

⑤得出结论:第四段

①②Your sonmay notbe thebest basketballplayer onhis team.But ifhes outthere everyday and

③playing hard,you shouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praising theeffortand nottheoutcomecan alsomean recognizingyourchildwhen shehas workedhardtoclean theyard,

④cook dinner,or finisha bookreport.But whateverit is,praise shouldbe givenonacase-by-case basisand（相称的）beproportionatetotheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.句

①②③的举例都是为了句

④提出父母应该怎样表扬:对上述分析的内容进行整合构建要点:要点1要点2要点3要点4将整合后的要点用自己的话表达出来:Point1:.Point2:Point3:Point4:将以上要点衔接成篇修改润色后誉写上卡:【写作实践1】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇词左右的内容概要60（春•全国高三专题练）2022Parents alwayswant thebest fortheir childrenand givingthem;thebesteducation isalwaysontopof thelist.But ifyou thinkeducation isall theyneed,maybe youshould thinktwice.Sure,you learnalotofthings inschool,but thereare importantlessons andskills youwill needin lifethat onecan onlylearn athome.Therefore,teaching the children to do householdchores isvery helpfulin theirgrowth.Most familiesnowadays hirehousemaids todothe chores,so childrendont getto experiencedoing itanymore.But studiesargue thatits stillnecessarytolet childrendothem.Helping athome canbe atraining placeforyour children towhatever responsibilitiesthey mayhave in the future.Bydoing so,they canlearn whatmight beof their advantage whenthey growup.Performing choresoffers kidsa feelingofself-sufficiency,helps themdevelop awork ethic,is tiedto academicsuccess inschool,makes themfeel usefulandteaches themthe importanceof helpingothers andcontributing tothe greatergood.^^Although,most parentscanalsoargue thatit is not easyto forcetheir childrento dochores.It isa naturefor thechildrento refusetodochores whenthey aretold to.But thereare waysthat canturn householdchores intoa more likelyactivity fbrthechildren.First,start themyoung.This doesntmean thatyou letyourchildrendo hugetasks atan earlyage.You cangradually increasethe levelof tasksas theygrow oldbut neverever pushthem toohard.Second,appreciate everylittleachievement.Praise themor give them something.Children loverewards andit drivesthem todo better.Most importantly,let themknow thatasking themto help-out isnot apunishment.Chores shouldnever be used asapunishment.They mightget doneintheshort term,but theeffects wontlast.This approachdoes notgivethechild thefeelingof doingsomething becauseit istherightthingtodo.It onlymakes themhate choresand hopingout evenmore.Chores shouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.Explain tothem thatit isfortheirbenefit andeverything theylearn fromit isfortheiradvantage.【写作实践2】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇词左右的内容概要60（春•全国高三专题练）2022Yesterday Mattwas sick.I pickedup Archiefrom thesitter andEloise fromschooland decidedto runto Targetfor afew things.I hadhoped tobeinand outquickly.I founda linewith justone personahead ofme andbegan organizingmy itemson theconveyor.After placingmyitems,I lookedup tosee thatthe personahead ofme wasan elderly woman.She waspaying for her itemswith changeandwanted topurchase eachseparately.I wasfrustrated withthis womanand theinconvenience she had placedon me.But thenI watchedthe youngemployee withthis woman.I watchedhim helpher counther change,ever sosoftlytaking itfrom hershaking hands.When sheasked ifshehadenough tobuy areusable bag,hetoldher shedid andwent twolinesover toget oneforherand thenrepackaged heritems.Never oncewas thisemployee angry.He wasnothing butpatientand kind.As Iwas watchinghim,I sawthat Eloisewas too.She wasstanding nexttothewoman,watching the employee countthechange.I realizedI hadntbeen inconveniencedat all.That mydaughter wasinstead witnessingkindness andpatienceand beingtaught thisvaluable lessonby acomplete stranger.When thewoman was finished,theemployeebegan ringingup myitems andthanked mefor mypatience.I thenthankedhim forteaching uspatience andkindness byhis treatmentof thatelderlywoman.When hewasfinished,I pushedmycart throughthe storetrying tofindthemanager.I wantedher toknow of the employeeskindness andpatience andhowmuch itmeant tome.After trackingher downand sharingthe storywith her,we leftTarget witha cartfull ofconsumableitems,but whatismore,a heartfull ofgratitude forsuch aninvaluable lesson.If youare everintheGlendale Target,give Ishmaela smileandanod.The worldcould usemore peoplelike him.【写作实践3】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇词左右的内容概要60The protectionprovided byCOVID-19vaccines declinesafter fourto six months,a largeUnited Kingdomstudy hasfound.Researchers fromhealth sciencecompany ZOE,a spin-out fromKings CollegeLondon,recently havefound thatafull courseofthe Pfizer vaccinewas88percent effectiveat preventinginfection afterone month,and thisprotection fellto74percent afterfive tosixmonths.Tim Spector,a professorof geneticepidemiology wholed theresearch,said thatthe datais broadlyconsistent withvariousother studieson COVID-19vaccine efficacyover time,including arecent surveyfrom OxfordUniversity thatfoundprotection fromthePfizerand AstraZenecajabs againstthe Deltavariant weakenedwithin threemonths.However,Simon Clarke,an associateprofessor inmicrobiology atReading University,who wasnot involved in theresearch,said theclaim thatprotection maydip below50percent thisyear“isnotbased onany stronganalysis ofdata“andseems“morelikea fingerintheair prediction”.Immunity isa complexprocess andwe cannotassume peoplesimmunity willfade ata uniformrate overtime JClarkesaid.Peter English,a formerchairman ofthe BritishMedical AssociationsPublic HealthMedicine Committee,who wasnotinvolvedintheresearch,said thatthe datais limitedas itdidnotprovide informationabout vaccineefficacy atpreventingsevere disease.“There isa worldof differencebetween efficacyagainst,ontheone hand,any infectionand ontheotherhand,illnesssevere enoughto requirehospitalization,critical care,or tocause deathJ Englishsaid.Spector saidthat,in lightofthenew research,C€we urgentlyneed tomake plansfor vaccineboosters，or thirdshotsaimed atcombating fadingimmunity.He toldthe BBCthat theseshots shouldbe reservedfor certaingroups,and thatawidespread boostercampaign wouldbe a“huge wasteand ethicallydubious”.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果一■、备考策略务必精准高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗一是细化“作战地图”从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏二是组织集体攻坚发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧三是找准学科增分点认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升英语的阅读理解和小作。