材料科学基础_概念中英文

材料科学基础一概念中英文材料科学基础重要概念中英文晶体学基础晶体学布喇菲点阵晶体生成学crystallographyBravais lattice体心化晶体结构学crystallogenybody centeringcrytallogy底心化晶体化学特殊心化base centeringcrystallochemistry晶体结构晶面special centeringcrystal structurecrystalplane点阵平移矢量晶平面指数lattice translationvector crystal-plane indice初级单胞晶带primitive cellzone点阵常数倒易空间lattice parameterreciprocal space对称变换参考球symmetry translationreference sphere主动操作经线active operationlongitude国际符号赤道平面点又international notationequator plane寸称操作极网point symmetryoperationpole net旋转操作结构基元rotation operationmotif二次旋转轴晶体几何学two-fold axe,diad geometricalcrystallography四次旋转轴晶体物理学four-fold axe,tetrad crystallographysics镜像等同点mirror imageequivalent point对形关系点阵enantiomorphic relationlattice反演初基矢量inversionprimitive translationvector晶系复式初基单胞一单crystal systemmultiple primitivecell斜晶系对称元素四方晶monoclinic systemsymmetry element系正方晶系对称群tetragonal systemsymmetry group六方晶系被动操作hexagonal systempassive operation熊夫利斯符号点阵有心化Schoenflies notationcentering oflattice恒等操作单位操作面心化旋转轴identityface centering单面心化三次旋转轴rotation axeone-face centeringthree一晶向六次旋转轴fold axe,triadcrystal directionsix-fold晶向方向指数axe,hexadcrystal镜面晶面族-direction indicemirror planeform ofcrystal-plane同宇倒易点阵congruent reciprocallattice旋转反演极射赤面投影rotation-inversionstereographicprojection三斜晶系参考网络triclinic systemreference grid正交晶系斜方晶系纬线orthogonal systemlatitude立方晶系吴氏网cubic systemWulff net菱方晶系标准投影网rhombohedral systemstandardprojection晶体结构晶体结构鲍林规则crystal structurePauling srule结构符号氧化物结构structure symboloxide structure致密度空间填充效率岩盐结构efficiency ofspace rockstructure纤维锌矿结构fillingwurtzite structure配位数闪锌矿结构coordination numberzinc blendestructure配位多面体尖晶石结构coordination polyhedraspinelstructure拓扑密堆相型结构topologically close-packed a-AI2O3金红石结构corundum structurephaserutile structure金属晶体萤石结构metal crystalfluorite structure离子晶体钙钛矿结构ionic crystalperovskite structure共价晶体钛铁矿结构covalent crystalilmenite structure分子晶体氯化钳结构molecular crystalcesium chloridestructure原子半径和离子半径硅酸盐atomic radiusand ionicsilicate链状硅酸盐radiuschain silicate原子结构体积层状硅酸盐volume ofstructure peratom phyllosilicate体密度岛状硅酸盐面密volumetric density,pVisland silicate度骨架结构线密度planar density,pPframework structure镁橄榄石结构金刚石结linear density,pLforsterite structure构辉石diamond structurepicrite纳米碳管粘土矿carbon nanotubeclay mineral置换固溶体高岭石填隙substitutional solidsolutionkaolinite固溶体云母interstitial solidsolutionmica尺寸因素石英size factorquartz价电子浓度鳞石英valance electronconcentration tridymite电子化合物方石英electron compoundcristobalite间隙化合物钙长石interstitial compoundanorthite尺寸因素化合物分子筛size-factor compoundmolecule sift相同素异构性Laves Lavesphase allotropy相多形性Qphasepolymorphism有序固溶体超结构准晶[ordered solidsolutionquasicrystal彭罗斯拼砌super lattice]Penrose tiling长程有序参数短程有序参数long-range orderparametershot-range orderparameter晶体缺陷不完整性向错imperfectiondisclination点缺陷沃特拉过程7point imperfectionV olterras process空位刃型位错vacancyedge dislocation自间隙原子螺型位错self-interstitialscrew dislocation构型嫡混合型位错configuration entropymixed dislocation肖脱基缺陷柏氏回路Schottky defectBurgers circuit弗兰克缺陷柏氏矢量Frenkel defectBurgers vector内禀点缺陷位错环intrinsic pointdefect dislocationloop非禀点缺陷位错密度extrinsic pointdefectdislocation density线缺陷位错的弹性能line imperfectionelastic energyof位错位错线张力dislocationdislocationtension ofdislocation位错宽度层错矢量width ofdislocationfault vector保守运动夕卜延层错conservative motionextrinsic fault非保守运动层错能nonconservative motionstacking faultenergy滑移肖克莱部分为错滑动slipShockley partial dislocation铃木气团glissileSuzuki atmosphere攀移弗兰克位错climbFrank partialdislocation自力扩展位错self-forceextended dislocation渗透力压杆位错osmotic forcestair-rod partialdislocation映像力位错弯结image forceLomer-Cottrell Lomer-Cottrellkinkdislocation割阶阻塞jog L-C L-C Lock柯垂尔气体赫斯阻塞Cottrell atmosphereHirth lock史诺克气体分位错Snoek atmospherefractional dislocation弗兰克-瑞德位错源超点阵Frank-Read sourcesuperlattice位错源反相畴B-H Bardeen-Herring sourceAntiphasedomain位错塞积群反相畴界dislocation pile-up groupAntiphase boundary,APB全位错超位错perfect dislocationsuper-dislocation堆垛层错弗兰克-纳巴罗回路stacking faultFrank-Nabarro部分为错或不全位错向错强度circuitpartialdislocationdisclination strength内禀层错条纹织构intrinsic faultschlieren texture表面能适酉己surface energymatching晶界共格晶界grain boundarycoherent boundary小角度晶界非共格晶界low anglegrain boundaryincoherentboundary大角度晶界晶界迁移率high anglegrain boundarygrainboundary mobility倾转晶界取向关系tilt boundaryorientation relationship扭转晶界气泡twist boundarygas babble相界空洞phase boundaryvoid扩散不可逆过程传质过程扩散irreversible processmass transport扩散距离diffusiondiffusion distance唯象系数间隙机制phenomenological coefficientinterstitialmechanism挤列结构哑铃结构crowdion configurationdumbbell splitconfiguration空位机制换位机制vacancy mechanismexchangemechanism扩散流量参考系fluxreference frame实验参考系点阵参考系laboratory referenceframelatticereference frame菲克第一定律菲克第二定律Fick sfirst lawFick ssecond law扩散系数禀性扩散系数diffusion coefficientintrinsic diffusion互扩散系数自扩散系数coefficient mutualdiffusion coefficientself-diffusion coefficient稳态扩散效应steady statediffusionKirkendall Kirkendalleffect平面热力学因子Matano Matanointerfacethermodynamicfactor同位素示踪物isotopetracer扩散偶误差函数diffusion coupleerror function哑变量数值方法有限差分dummynumerical method收敛性截断误差finite-differenceconvergencetruncation error舍入误差相关系数高扩散率通道round-off errorcorrelation factor体扩散晶界扩散high-diffusivity pathvolume diffusiongrain位错扩散表面扩散boundary diffusiondislocation diffusionsurface diffusion迁移率渗透率mobilitypermeability凝固分配系数枝晶偏析partition coefficientdendrite segregation区域提纯亚共晶合金胞晶的zone-refininghypoeutectic alloy形成过共晶合金胞状树枝cell formationhypereutectic alloy晶片状cellular dendritelamellar柱状树枝晶棒状columnar dendriterod-like共晶凝固共晶领域包晶eutectic solidificationeutectic colony凝固伪共晶偏析peritectic solidificationpseudo-eutectic离异共晶segregationdivorced eutectic熔焊激冷区fusion weldingchill zone快速凝固柱状晶区rapid solidificationprocesscolumnarzone连续铸造等轴晶区continuous castingequiaxed zone树枝状显微偏析收缩晶区dendritic microsegregationshrinkage cavity非平衡杠杆定律疏松non-equilibrium leverruleporosity组分过冷非金属夹杂物constitutional supercoolingnon-胞状组织熔池metallic inclusioncellular structureweld pool；二次枝晶昆合区secondary dendritecomposite region一次支晶热影响区primary dendriteheat-affected zone。