英语被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解

（一）语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者如（主动）.（被动）They willbuild a new bridgeover the river.A newbridge will be builtover the river汉语中常用被、给、由、受等词用来表示被动，而英语用助动词及物动词的过去分词构成be+

（二）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化一般现在时:一般过去时am/is/are+done was/were+done主要体现在的变化上，其形式与系动词的变化形式完全一样以为例,列表如下:be begive一般将来时:一般过去将来时shall/will+be done should/would+be done现在进行时:过去进行时am/is/are+being+done was/were+being+done现在完成时过去完成时have/has+been+done had+been+done将来完成时过去将来完成时shall/will+have been+doneshould/would+have been+done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时

（三）常见的八种时态中的被动语态一般现在时

1.is grownlPeoplegrow ricein the south of the country.Rice in thesouthof thecountry.are notallowed2The schooldoesnt allowus toenter labwithout ateacher.We toenter labwithout ateacher.一般过去时

2.was agreedor\lThey agreedon buildinga newcar factorylast month.anewcar buildingfactory lastmonth.were forgotten2The studentsdidnt forgethis lessonseasily.His lessonsnof easily一般将来时

3.will besentlThey willsend carsabroad by sea.Cars abroadbysea.willbegiven2They willgive plentyof jobsto school-leavers.Plenty ofjobs toschool-leavers.现在进行时

5.lThe radiois broadcastingEnglish lessons.English lessonsare beingbroadcasted ontheradio.are beingpainted.2We arepainting the rooms.The rooms过去进行时

6.was beingmended.lThe workerswere mendingthe road.The roadwerebeing planted2This timelast yearwe wereplanting treeshere.Trees herethis timelast year.现在完成时

7.the meetingmight be put off.have beentold mightbe putlSomeonehas toldme Ithe meetingoff.has beenbrought2He hasbrought his book here.His bookhere.四含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成be+lYou musthand inyour homeworkafter class.Your homeworkmust behanded inafter class.can bewritten2He canwrite aletter with the computer.A letterwiththecomputer byhim.五被动语态的使用当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用短语

1.by〃nMr.White,the cupwas brokenafter class..突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用短语2byThese recordswere madeby JohnDenver.The cupwas brokenby Paul..当主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用+名词作状语，而代替短语3in byThesecars weremade inChina.六主动语态变被动语态的方法主语谓语宾语1My auntinvited meto herdinner party.主语谓语宾语—J wasinvited bymy aunt to herdinner party.2The schoolset upa specialclass tohelp poorreaders.—A specialclass tohelp poorreaders wasset upin theschool.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语

1..把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致2be.把主动语态的主语变为介词的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，短语可以省略如果原句主语是地3by by点名词，在被动语态中用+地点名词作状语in七语态转换时所注意的问题把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致

1.We havebought anew computer.A newcomputer hasbeen bought.A newcomputer havebeen错误bought.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主

2.语时比较多My unclegave mea present on my birthday.I was given apresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说A presentwasgivento meyesterday.注度；一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词,如

1.to bring,give hand,lend,offer,pass pay,f f等promise,sell,show take,teach,tellf11The book was showedto theclass.2My bikewas lentto her..一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词如:2for,build,buy,cook,cut choose,do,fetch,find,fix,getf f等keep,make,order,paint,play,sing1A newskirt wasmade forme.2The meatwas cookedfor us.3Some countrymusic wasplayed forus.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆

3.开或漏掉这类动词有不及物动词+介词，如:agree toask forlaugh atoperated onlisten tolook afterf f f fff等think oftalk aboutfThepatient isbeing operatedon.The problemis solved.It needntbe talkedabout.及物动词+副词如bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass onpoint out,f等put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn outHisrequest wasturned down.The sportsmeet willbeputoff becauseof thebad weather带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓

4.语动词后面如1We alwayskeep theclassroom clean.—The classroomis alwayskept clean.2She toldus tofollow herinstructions.—We weretold tofollow herinstructions.注意在等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都see watchhear notice,listen tolook atmake,feelf ffff不带，但改成被动语态后都带这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略的问题ttotofWe oftenhear himplay the guitar.—He isoften heardto playtheguitar.当主动句的主语是等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为作的宾

5.nobody,no oneanybody,by语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态如Nobody cananswer thisquestion.误:正:The questioncan be answered bynobody.The questioncan notbeansweredby anybody.当否定句中的宾语是等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为

6.anything,anybody,anyone nothing,作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态如:nobody,no oneThey haventdone anythingto maketheriver误clean•:Anything hasntbeen doneto maketheriverclean.IE:Nothing hasbeen doneto makethe riverclean.，，以为主语开头的疑问句变被动时用放在句首

7.who bywhom Whowrote the story误:正Who wasthe storywritten Bywhom wasthestorywritten，有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能是不

8.well,badly easilyf及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有等如write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook这布很好洗这新产品很畅销lThe clothwashes easily.2The newproduct sellswell.对比.主动句被动句The bookssell wellThe bookswere soldout..主动句被动句The meatdidn tcook wellThe meatwas cookedfor along time.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句

9.第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如等feel,look,seem,taste,sound remainf误:1—Do youlike thematerial—Yes,it feelsvery soft.It isfelt verysoft.误2The foodtastes delicious.The foodis tasteddelicious.误:3The popmusic soundsbeautiful.The popmusic issounded beautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词等如:leave,enter reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,ownf误:He enteredtheroomand gothisbook.The roomwas enteredand hisbookwasgot.误:She hadher handburned.Her handwas hadburned.第三一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态take place,break out,belong tolose heartconsist of,addf ff等误:up toThe firebroke out inthe capital building.The firewas brokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如等rise,happen,succeed remainlief f误:When wegot tothe topofthemountain,the sunhad alreadyrisen•The sunhad alreadybeen risen.误:After theearthquake,few housesremained.After theearthquake,few houseswere remained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语,如:v-ing I误:taught myselfEnglish.Myself wastaught English.误We loveeach other.Each otheris loved.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如