还剩43页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
基础篇第一章雅思的词作业要求利用三大黄金定位词组合定位
1.划出定位句
2..找出定位句中所有同义替换3尝试填空!
4.CIO T3Pl TheContext,Meaning andScope ofTourismComplete thesentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfrom the passage for each answer.Write youranswers inboxes11-13on youranswer sheet.
11.In Greece,tourism is the most important.
12.The travel and tourism industry inJamaica is the major.
13.The problemsassociated withmeasuring international tourism areoften reflectedinthe measurementof.Once the exclusive province of the wealthy,travel and tourism havebecome aninstitutionalisedway of life formost of the population.In fact,McIntosh andGoeldner1990suggest thattourism hasbecome the largest commodityin internationaltrade formanynations and,for asignificant number of other countries,it rankssecond orthird.Forexample,tourism is the majorsource of income inBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,Switzerland andmost Caribbeancountries.In addition,Hawkins andRitchie,quoting fromdatapublished by the AmericanExpress Company,suggest that the travel and tourismindustryis thenumber oneranked employerin theBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,theformer West Germany,Hong Kong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the UnitedKingdom and the United States.However,because ofproblems ofdefinition,whichdirectly affect statistical measurement,it isnot possiblewith anydegree ofcertainty toprovide precise,valid orreliable dataabout theextent of world-wide tourismparticipationor its economic impact.In manycases,similar difficultiesarise whenattempts aremade tomeasure domestic tourism.Silk productionthus spreadthrough Africa,Sicily andSpain asthe Arabsswept throughtheselands.Andalusia insouthern Spainwas Europesmain silk-producing centrein thetenth century.By thethirteenth century,however,Italy hadbecome Europesleader in silkproduction andexport.Venetian merchantstraded extensivelyin silkand encouragedsilkgrowers tosettle inItaly.Even now,silk processedin theprovince ofComo innorthernItaly enjoysan esteemedreputation.C12T8Pl TheHistory ofGlassChoose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
5.Until476AD:Only theknew howto make glass.Glass blowingbecame the most commonway to make glasscontainers from the firstcenturyBC.The glassmade during this timewas highlycoloured dueto theimpurities oftheraw material.In thefirst centuryAD,methods ofcreating colourlessglass weredeveloped,which was then tintedby theaddition ofcolouring materials.The secret of glassmakingwas takenacross Europe by the Romans duringthis century.However,theyguarded the skills and technology required to make glass very closely,and itwas not untiltheir empirecollapsed in476AD thatglass-making knowledgebecame widespreadthroughoutEurope and the Middle East.From the10th centuryonwards,the Venetiansgaineda reputationfor technicalskill and artistic abilityin themaking ofglass bottles,andmany of the cityscraftsmen leftItaly toset upglassworks throughoutEurope.CIO T3Pl TheContext,Meaning andScope ofTourismChoose thecorrect headingfor paragraphsA-E from the list of headingsbelow.i.Economic and social significanceof tourismii.The development of mass tourismiii.Travel for the wealthyiv.Earning foreign exchange throughtourismv.Difficulty inrecognising theeconomic effectsof tourismvi.The contributionof airtravel totourismvii.The worldimpact of tourismviii.The historyof travel
6.Paragraph A
7.Paragraph B
8.Paragraph C
9.Paragraph D
10.Paragraph EATravel hasexisted sincethe beginningof time,when primitiveman setout,oftentraversing greatdistances insearch ofgame,which providedthe foodand clothingnecessaryfor hissurvival.Throughout thecourse ofhistory,people havetravelled forpurposes of trade,religious conviction,economic gain,war,migration and other equallycompellingmotivations.In theRoman era,wealthy aristocratsand highgovernmentofficials alsotravelled forpleasure.Seaside resortslocated atPompeii andHerculaneumafforded citizensthe opportunity to escapeto theirvacation villasin orderto avoidthesummer heatof Rome.Travel,except during the DarkAges,has continuedto growand,throughout recordedhistory,has playeda vitalrole in the development of civilisationsandtheir economies.B Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctlytwentieth-centuryphenomenon.Historians suggest that theadvent of mass tourismbegan inEngland duringtheindustrial revolutionwith therise of the middleclass and the availabilityof relativelyinexpensivetransportation.The creationof thecommercial airlineindustry followingtheSecond WorldWar and the subsequentdevelopment of the jetaircraft in the1950ssignalled therapid growthand expansionof internationaltravel.This growthled to thedevelopment of a majornew industry:tourism.In turn,international tourismbecame theconcernof anumber ofworld governmentssince itnot onlyprovided newemploymentopportunities but also produceda meansof earningforeign exchange.C Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance.In mostindustrialisedcountries over the pastfew yearsthe fastestgrowth has been seenin theareaof services.One of the largestsegments of the serviceindustry,although largelyunrecognisedas anentity in some of these countries,is travel and tourism.According to theWorld Travel and TourismCouncil1992,Travel and tourism is the largestindustry in theworld onvirtually anyeconomic measureincluding value-added capital investment,employment andtax contributions
9.In1992,the industrysgross outputwas estimatedtobe$
3.5trillion,over12per centof allconsumer spending.The travel and tourism industryis the worlds largestemployer with almost130million jobs,or almost7percent of allemployees.This industryis the worlds leadingindustrial contributor,producing over6percent of the worldsgross nationalproduct and accounting forcapital investmentin excessof$422billion indirect,indirect andpersonal taxescadi year.Thus,tourism has aprofound impactboth on the worldeconomy and,because of the educativeeffect of traveland the effects onemployment,on societyitself.D However,the majorproblems of the travel and tourismindustry that have hidden,orobscured,its economic impact arethe diversityand fragmentationof the industry itself.The travelindustry includes:hotels,motels and other typesof accommodation;restaurants and other food services;transportation servicesand facilities;amusements,attractions and other leisure facilities;gift shopsandalarge number of otherenterprises.Since manyof thesebusinesses also serve local residents,the impact of spendingbyvisitors can easily beoverlooked orunderestimated.In addition,Meis1992points outthat the tourismindustry involvesconcepts thathave remainedamorphous toboth analystsand decision makers.Moreover,in allnations thisproblem hasmade itdifficult for theindustry to develop anytype ofreliable orcredible tourisminformation basein ordertoestimate the contribution itmakes toregional,national and global economics.However,the nature of thisvery diversitymakes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economicdevelopmentin awide varietyof countries,regions orcommunities.E Once the exclusive province of the wealthy,travel and tourism havebecome aninstitutionalisedway of life formost of the population.In fact,McIntosh andGoeldner1990suggest thattourism hasbecome the largest commodityin internationaltrade formanynations and,for asignificant number of other countries,it rankssecond orthird.Forexample,tourism is the majorsource ofincome inBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,Switzerland andmost Caribbeancountries.In addition,Hawkins andRitchie,quoting fromdatapublished by the AmericanExpress Company,suggest that the traveland tourismindustryis thenumber oneranked employerin theBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,theformer WestGermany,Hong Kong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the UnitedKingdomand the United States.However,because ofproblems ofdefinition,whichdirectly affectstatistical measurement,it isnot possiblewith anydegree ofcertainty toprovide precise,valid orreliable dataabout theextent ofworld-wide tourismparticipationor its economic impact.In manycases,similar difficultiesarise whenattempts aremade tomeasuredomestic tourism.基础篇第一章雅思的词作业要求利用三大黄金定位词组合定位
1.划出定位句2,在找出定位句中所有同义替换尝试填空！
4.CIO T3Pl TheContext,Meaning andScope ofTourismComplete thesentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfrom the passage for each answer.Write youranswers inboxes11-13on youranswer sheet.
11.In Greece,tourism is the most important.
12.The traveland tourismindustry inJamaica isthe major.
13.The problemsassociated withmeasuring internationaltourism areoften reflectedinthe measurementof.Oncetheexclusiveprovince of thewealthy,traveland tourism havebecome aninstitutionalisedway oflife formost of the population.In fact,McIntosh andGoeldner1990suggest thattourism hasbecome thelargest commodityin internationaltrade formanynations and,for asignificant numberof othercountries,it rankssecond orthird.Forexample,tourism isthe majorsource ofincome inBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,Switzerland andmost Caribbeancountries.In addition,Hawkins andRitchie,quoting fromdatapublished by the AmericanExpress Company,suggest that the traveland tourismindustryisthenumber oneranked employerin theBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,theformer WestGermany,Hong Kong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the UnitedKingdomand the United States.However,because ofproblems ofdefinition,whichdirectly affectstatistical measurement,it isnot possiblewith anydegree ofcertainty toprovideprecise,valid orreliable dataabout theextent ofworld-wide tourismparticipationor its economicimpact.In manycases,similar difficultiesarise whenattempts aremade tomeasuredomestic tourism.解析
11.In Greece,tourism isthe mostimportant source ofincome.定位词.吸引眼球词Greece才非他细节词mostimportant定位句For example,tourism isthe majorsource ofincome inBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,Switzerland andmost Caribbeancountries.同义替换mostimportant=major
12.The traveland tourismindustry inJamaica isthe majoremployer.定位词.吸引目艮球词Jamaica木卜他细节词travelandtourism,major定位句...travelandtourismindustryisthenumber oneranked employerin theBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,the formerWestGermany,Hong Kong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomand theUnited States.同义替换major二number oneranked
13.The problemsassociated withmeasuring internationaltourism areoften reflectedin themeasurementof domestictourism.定位词排他细节词:problems,international,reflect in定位句However,because ofproblems ofdefinition,which directlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,it isnot possiblewith anydegree ofcertainty to provideprecise,valid orreliable dataaboutthe extent ofworld-wide tourismparticipation orits economicimpact.In manycases,similar difficultiesarise whenattempts aremade tomeasuredomestictourism.同义替换problems=difficulties international=world-wide often=in manycases reflectin=ariseC9T4Pl Thelife andwork of Marie CurieComplete the notesbelow.Choose ONEWORD from the passage foreach answer.Write youranswers inboxes7-13on youranswer sheetMarie Curies researchon radioactivity•When uranium was discoveredto beradioactive,Marie Curiefound that the elementcalled7had the same property.•Marie and Pierre Curies research into the radioactivityof themineral known as8_ledto the discovery oftwo newelements.•In1911,Marie Curiereceived recognitionfor herwork on the element
9.•Marie andIrene Curiedeveloped X-radiography which was usedas amedicaltechnique for
10.•Marie Curiesaw theimportance ofcollecting radioactivematerial bothfor researchandfor casesof
11.•The radioactivematerial stockedin Pariscontributed to the discoveriesin the1930s ofthe12and of what was known as artificial radioactivity.•During herresearch,Marie Curiewas exposed to radiationand as a resultshe sufferedfrom
13.Their marriagein1895marked thestart of a partnershipthat wassoon to achieve resultsofworld significance.Following HenriBecquereFs discovery in1896of anew phenomenon,which Marielater calledRadioactivity*,Marie Curiedecided tofind outif the radioactivitydiscovered in uranium was to befound inother dements.She discoveredthat thiswas truefor thorium.Turning herattention tominerals,she foundher interestdrawn topitchblende,a mineralwhoseradioactivity,superior tothat of pure uranium,could beexplained onlyby thepresencein theore ofsmall quantitiesof anunknown substanceof veryhigh activity.Pierre Curiejoined herin thework thatshe hadundertaken toresolve thisproblem,and thatled to the discovery of the newelements,polonium andradium.While Pierre Curie devotedhimselfchiefly to the physicalstudy of the newradiations,Marie Curiestruggled toobtainpure radiumin themetallic state.This was achieved with the help of thechemistAndre-Louis Debierne,one ofPierre Curiespupils.Based on the resultsof thisresearch,Marie Curiereceived herDoctorate ofScience,and in1903Marie andPierre sharedwithBecquerel the Nobel Prizefor Physicsfor the discovery ofradioactivity.The birthsof Maries two daughters,Irene andEve,in1897and1904failed tointerrupt herscientificwork.She was appointed lecturerin physicsat theEcole NormaleSuperieure forgirlsin Sevres,France1900,and introduceda methodof teachingbased onexperimentaldemonstrations.In December1904she was appointed chiefassistant in the laboratorydirectedby Pierre Curie.The suddendeath ofher husband in1906was abitter blowto Marie Curie,but was also aturningpoint in her career:henceforth she was todevote allher energyto completingalonethe scientificwork that they hadundertaken.On May13,1906,she was appointed to theprofessorship thathad beenleft vacanton her husbands death,becoming thefirst womantoteach at the Sorbonne.In1911she was awarded theNobel Prizefor Chemistryfor theisolation of a pure formof radium.During WorldWar I,Marie Curie,with the help ofher daughterIrene,devoted herselftothe development of the use ofX-radiography,including themobile unitswhich cameto beknownas Little Curies1,used for the treatmentof woundedsoldiers.In1918the RadiumInstitute,whose staffIrene hadjoined,began tooperate inearnest,and becamea centrefornuclear physicsand chemistry.Marie Curie,now at the highestpoint ofher fameand,from1922,a memberof the Academy of Medicine,researched thechemistry ofradioactivesubstances and their medicalapplications.In1921,accompanied byher twodaughters,Marie Curiemade atriumphant journeyto theUnitedStates to raise fundsfor researchon radium.Women therepresented herwith agramof radiumfor hercampaign:Marie alsogave lecturesin Belgium,Brazil,Spain andCzechoslovakiaand,in addition,had thesatisfaction ofseeing the developmentof theCurie Foundationin Paris,and theinauguration in1932in Warsawof the Radium Institute,where hersister Bronia became director.One ofMarie Curiesoutstanding achievementswas tohave understoodthe needtoaccumulate intenseradioactive sources,not onlyto treatillness but also tomaintain anabundant supply for research.The existencein Paris attheRadium Instituteof astock of
1.5grams of radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experimentsundertaken in the yearsaround
1930.This workprepared theway for thediscovery of theneutron by Sir James Chadwick and,above all,for thediscovery in1934by Irene andFrederic Joliot-Curie of artificial radioactivity.A fewmonths after this discovery,MarieCurie died asa result of leukaemia caused by exposureto radiation.She hadoften carriedtest tubes containing radioactive isotopes inher pocket,remarking on the prettyblue-greenlight they gave off.解析
7.When uraniumwas discoveredto beradioactive,Marie Curiefound that the elementcalledthorium had the same property.定位词:才非他细节词uranium,radioactive,same定位句:Marie Curiedecided tofind outif the radioactivity discoveredinuraniumwas to be foundinother dements.She discoveredthat thiswas trueforthorium.同义替换:same=was truefor
8.Marie andPierre Curiesresearch into the radioactivityof themineral knownaspitchblende ledto thediscovery oftwo newelements.定位词.吸引日艮球词Marie andPierre Curie事他细节词mineral,two newelements定位句:Turning herattention tominerals,she foundher interestdrawn topitchblende,a mineralwhoseradioactivity,superior tothat ofpure uranium,could beexplained onlyby thepresencein theore ofsmall quantitiesof anunknown substanceof veryhigh activity.Pierre Curiejoined herin thework thatshe hadundertaken toresolve thisproblem,and thatledto thediscovery of the newelements,polonium andradium.同义替换:Marie CurieandPierre=PierreCuriejoined her two=polonium andradium
9.In1911,Marie Curiereceived recognitionfor herwork onthe elementradium.定位词吸引眼球词1911月非他细节词received recognition定位句In1911she wasawarded theNobel Prizefor Chemistryfor theisolationof apure form ofradium.同义替换be awarded theNobel Prize=received recognition
10.Marie andIrene Curiedeveloped X-radiography whichwas usedasamedicaltechnique forsoldiers.定位词吸引眼球词X-radiography目非他名田节3司medical treatment定位句During WorldWar I,Marie Curie,with thehelp ofher daughterIrene,devoted herselftothe developmentof theuse ofX-radiography,including themobile unitswhich cameto beknownas*LittleCuries1,used for the treatmentof woundedsoldiers.同义替换treatment=medical technique
11.Marie Curiesaw theimportance ofcollecting radioactivematerial bothfor researchand for casesof illness.定位词.事他细节词importance,collecting,research逻辑连接词both...and...定位句One ofMarie Curiesoutstanding achievementswas tohave understoodthe needtoaccumulate intenseradioactive sources,not onlyto treatillness but also tomaintain anabundantsupply for research.同义替换saw theimportance=understood accumulate二collectnot only...,but also...二both...and...
12.The radioactivematerial stockedin Pariscontributed to the discoveriesin the1930s oftheneutron and ofwhat wasknownas artificial radioactivity.定位词吸引眼球词:Paris,1930s排他细节词artificial逻辑连接词contribute to,and定位句The existencein Paris attheRadium Instituteof astock of
1.5grams ofradium madeadecisive contributiontothesuccess of the experimentsundertaken in the yearsaround
1930.This workprepared theway for thediscovery of theneutron bySir JamesChadwick and,above all,for thediscovery in1934by Ireneand FredericJoliot-Curie of artificialradioactivity.同义替换prepared theway for=contribute to
13.During herresearch,Marie Curiewas exposedto radiationand asa resultshe sufferedfromleukaemia.定位词.弟F他细节词exposedto,radiation逻辑连接词asa result定位句A fewmonths afterthis discovery,Marie Curiedied asa resultof leukaemiacaused byexposureto radiation.同义替换C9T4Pl Thelife andwork ofMarie CurieComplete the notesbelow.Choose ONEWORD from thepassage foreach answer.Write youranswers inboxes7-13on youranswer sheetMarie Curiesresearchon radioactivity•When uraniumwas discoveredto beradioactive,Marie Curiefound that the elementcalled7had the sameproperty.•Marie andPierre Curiesresearch intothe radioactivityof themineral knownas8_Iedto thediscovery oftwo newelements.•In1911,Marie Curiereceived recognitionfor herwork onthe element
9.•Marie andIrene Curiedeveloped X-radiography whichwas usedasamedicaltechnique for
10.•Marie Curiesaw theimportance ofcollecting radioactivematerial bothforresearchandfor casesof
11.•The radioactivematerial stockedin Pariscontributed tothe discoveriesin the1930s ofthe12andofwhatwasknownasartificial radioactivity.•During herresearch,Marie Curiewas exposedto radiationand asaresultshe sufferedfrom
13.Their marriagein1895marked thestart of a partnershipthat wassoon to achieve resultsofworld significance.Following HenriBecquerefs discoveryin1896of anew phenomenon,which Marielater calledRadioactivity*,Marie Curiedecided tofind outif theradioactivitydiscovered inuraniumwas to befound inother dements.She discoveredthat thiswas trueforthorium.Turning herattention tominerals,she foundher interestdrawn topitchblende,a mineralwhoseradioactivity,superior tothat ofpure uranium,could beexplained onlyby thepresencein theore ofsmall quantitiesof anunknown substanceof veryhigh activity.PierreCuriejoined herin thework thatshe hadundertaken toresolve thisproblem,and thatledtothediscovery of the newelements,polonium andradium.While PierreCurie devotedhimselfchiefly tothe physicalstudy of the newradiations,Marie Curiestruggled toobtainpure radiumin themetallic state.This wasachieved with thehelpof thechemistAndre-Louis Debierne,one ofPierre Curiespupils.Based onthe resultsof thisresearch,Marie Curiereceived herDoctorate ofScience,andin1903Marie andPierre sharedwithBecquerel theNobel Prizefor Physicsfor thediscovery ofradioactivity.suffered from=diedC7T1Pl LetsGo BatsQuestions10-13Completethesentences below.Choose NOMORE THANTWO WORDSfrom thepassage foreach answer.Write youranswers inboxes10-13on youranswer sheet.
10.Long beforethe inventionof radar,had resulted in asophisticated radarlike system inbats.
11.Radar is an inaccurate term whenreferring tobats becauseare not used intheirnavigation system.
12.Radar andsonar arebased onsimilar.
13.The wordecholocation5was first used by someone working asa.The Sonarand Radarpioneers didntknow itthen,but allthe worldnow knowsthat bats,orrather natural selection workingon bats,had perfectedthe systemtens ofmillions ofyearsearlier,and their6radar5achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike anengineer dumb with admiration.It istechnically incorrectto talkabout batradar,sincethey donot useradio waves.It issonar.But theunderlying mathematicaltheories of radarand sonar are very similar,and muchof ourscientific understandingofthedetails ofwhatbats aredoing hascome fromapplying radartheory tothem.The AmericanzoologistDonald Griffin,who waslargely responsiblefor thediscoveryofsonar in bats,coined theterm6echolocation9to cover both sonar and radar,whether usedby animalsor by humaninstruments.解析
10.Long beforethe inventionof radar,naturalselectionhad resultedin asophisticatedradar-like systemin bats.定位词排他细节词:radar,sophisticated,system逻辑连接词result in定位句The Sonarand Radarpioneers didntknow itthen,but allthe worldnow knowsthat bats,orrather naturalselection workingon bats,had perfectedthe systemtens ofmillions ofyearsearlier...同义替换Long before=pioneer perfected二resultedin
11.Radar isan inaccurateterm whenreferring tobats becauseradio wavesare notused intheirnavigation system.定位词.才非他细节词inaccurateterm,navigation逻辑连接词because定位句...and theirradar9achieves featsof detectionand navigationthat wouldstrike anengineerdumb with admiration.It istechnically incorrectto talkabout batradar\since theydo notuseradio waves.同义替换incorrect=inaccuratesince二becausetalk about=refer to
12.Radar andsonar arebased onsimilar mathematicaltheories.定位词.》非他细节词radar andsonar逻辑连接词similar定位句But theunderlying mathematicaltheories ofradar andsonar are verysimilar,...
13.The wordecholocation was first usedbysomeone workingasa zoologist.定位词吸引眼球词echolocation5排他细节词:first used定位句The Americanzoologist DonaldGriffin,who waslargely responsiblefor thediscovery ofsonar in bats,coined theterm echolocation to coverboth sonarand radar,whether usedbyanimals or byhumaninstruments.同义替换coined=firstused第二章雅思的句作业要求利用长难句三步法解析以下长难句
1.The American economic systemis,organized arounda basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented economyin whichconsumers largelydetermine what shall be produced byspendingtheir moneyin themarketplace forthose goods and servicesthat theywant most.重点词汇market-oriented:市场为导向...-oriented:以…为导向customer-oriented顾客为导向...-centered:以…为中心student-centered学生为中心结构分析动词is,determine,shall beproduced,want连词in which,what,that主干The American economic systemis market-oriented economyin which引导定语从句,what引导宾语从句that弓］导定语从句修饰goodsand services译文美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来
2.Thus,in the Americaneconomic system it isthe demand of individual consumers,coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals tomaximizetheir incomes,which togetherdetermine whatshall beproduced and how resources are used toproduce it.重点词汇maximize取…最大值；对…极为重视minimize最小化maximum最大值minimum最小值结构分析动词is,determine,shall beproduced,are used连彳司which,what,how,主干it isthedemand ofindividual consumers coupled with...,which determine...宾从whatshall beproduced andhowresourcesareused toproduce it.译文因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们
3.If,ontheother hand,producing moreof acommodity results in reducingits cost,this willtend to increase the supplyoffered byseller-producers,which inturn will lower theprice andpermitmore consumersto buythe product.重点词汇commodity:n.商品，货物；日用品commodity price商品价格commodity economy商品经济结构分析动词:resultsin,will tend,willlower,permit连词if,which,and主干if条件》R语从句producing moreofacommodity resultsin reducingits cost,this willtendto increasethe supply,which非限定从分割结构If,ontheother hand,producing more...译文另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品O
4.In the American economy,the conceptof private property embracesnot onlythe ownershipofproductive resourcesbutalsocertain rights,including the right todetermine theprice ofaproduct or to makea freecontract withanother privateindividual.重点词汇property:n.财产；所有权；性质，性能privateproperty私有财产intellectual property知识产权the chemicalproperties ofa substance一种物质的化学特性embrace:拥抱，包含结构分析:动词embraces连词无主干the conceptof privateproperty embracesnot onlythe ownershipof productiveresourcesbutalsocertain rights,including...the right to AortoB译文在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体（经济单位）自由签定合同的权利
5.At the same timethese computersrecord whichhours arebusiest andwhich employersarethe mostefficient,allowing personneland staffingassignments to be madeaccordingly.And theyalso identify preferred customersfor promotional campaigns.重点词汇personnel:adj.人员的；有关人事的n.人事部门；全体人员staffing n.安置职工staff职员promotional促进的，增进的sales promotion/promotionalcampaign促销活动promotion促进，提升，促销I wanta jobwith goodprospects forpromotion.我想要一份有良好晋升机会的工作accordingly:因此，相应的according to=in accordancewith才艮据If youchange thebehavior ofthe code,change thedocumentation accordingly.如果您改变了代码的行为，就要相应地改变文档结构分析:动词record,are,are,identify连词:which,which,and主干these computersrecord which宾从，allowing...And theyidentifyprefeTed1customers.译文同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出
6.Numerous othercommercialenterprises,from theaterstomagazine publishers,fromgas andelectric utilitiesto milkprocessors,bring betterandmore efficient services toconsumers through theuseof computers.人员人事安排而且它们（计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客重点词汇utilityn.实用；效用；公共设施；功用adj.实用的;通用的；有多种用途的utility bill物业账单，水电费账单public utility公共事业单位结构分析动词bring连词无主干:Numerous othercommercial enterprisesbring betterand moreefficient servicestoconsumers.译文不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务
7.At thesame time,the AmericanLaw Institute—a groupof judges,lawyers,and academicswhoserecommendations carrysubstantial weight—issued newguidelines fortort law statingthat companiesneed notwarn customersof obviousdangers orbombard themwitha lengthylist ofpossible ones.重点词汇issue:n.deal with/tackle anissue处理/解决问题The governmentmust dealwith theissue ofgun crime.政府必须解决枪械犯罪的问题n.出版物Have youseen thelatest issue你看过最新的那一期吗？v.分发The USState Departmentissues millions of passportseach year.每年美国国务院都签发数百万份护照tort:侵权行为tort law侵权行为法，民事伤害法令bombard轰炸，炮击bombard sb.withsth.大量不断提出结构分析动词carry,issued,need notwarn,bombard连词whose,that,or主干the AmericanLaw Instituteissued newguidelines fortort lawstating that宾从...译文与此同时，美国法律研究所-由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重-发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险
8.The greatinterest inexceptional childrenshown inpublic educationover the past threedecadesindicates the strong feelingin oursociety that all citizens,whatever theirspecialconditions,deserve the opportunity tofully developtheir capabilities.重点词汇exceptional:adj.异常的，例外的exceptional children:特殊儿童，残疾儿童结构分析动词indicates,deserve连词that主干The greatinterest indicates thestrong feeling that同位语从句译文在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会
9.It servesdirectly to assist arapid distributionof goodsat reasonableprice,therebyestablishing afirm homemarket andso makingit possibleto providefor exportatThe birthsofMarie*stwodaughters,IreneandEve,in1897and1904failed tointerrupt herscientificwork.She wasappointed lecturerin physicsattheEcole NormaleSuperieure forgirlsin Sevres,France1900,and introduceda methodof teachingbased onexperimentaldemonstrations.In December1904she wasappointed chiefassistant in the laboratorydirectedby PierreCurie.The suddendeath ofherhusbandin1906wasabitter blowto Marie Curie,but wasalso aturningpoint inher career:henceforth she wastodevote allher energyto completingalone thescientificwork that they hadundertaken.On May13,1906,shewasappointed totheprofessorship thathad beenleft vacanton herhusbands death,becoming thefirst womantoteach atthe Sorbonne.In1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizefor Chemistryfor theisolationof apureformofradium.During WorldWar I,MarieCurie,with thehelpofher daughterIrene,devoted herselfto thedevelopment oftheuse ofX-radiography,including themobile unitswhich cameto beknownas LittleCuries*,used for the treatmentof woundedsoldiers.In1918theRadium Institute,whose staffIrene hadjoined,began tooperate inearnest,and becamea centrefor nuclearphysicsand chemistry.MarieCurie,now atthe highestpoint ofher fameand,from1922,amember oftheAcademyofMedicine,researched thechemistry ofradioactive substancesandtheir medicalapplications.In1921,accompanied byhertwodaughters,MarieCuriemadeatriumphant journeyto theUnitedStates toraise fundsforresearchon radium.Women therepresented herwithagram ofradiumfor hercampaign:Marie alsogave lecturesin Belgium,Brazil,Spain andCzechoslovakiaand,in addition,hadthesatisfaction ofseeing the developmentofthe CurieFoundationin Paris,and theinauguration in1932in WarsawoftheRadium Institute,where hersisterBroniabecamedirector.One ofMarie Curiesoutstanding achievementswastohave understoodthe needto accumulateintenseradioactive sources,not onlyto treatillness butalso tomaintain anabundantsupplyforresearch.The existencein ParisattheRadiumInstituteofastock of
1.5grams ofradium madeadecisivecontributiontothesuccessoftheexperimentsundertaken in the yearsaround
1930.This workprepared theway for thediscoveryoftheneutronbySirJamesChadwickand,aboveall,for thediscoveryin1934by Ireneand FredericJoliot-Curie ofartificialradioactivity.A fewmonthsafterthisdiscovery,MarieCuriediedasaresultofleukaemiacaused byexposure toradiation.She hadoften carriedtesttubescontainingradioactiveisotopesinherpocket,remarking onthe prettyblue-green lighttheygaveoff.C7T1Pl LetsGo BatsQuestions10-13Completethesentences below.Choose NOMORE THANTWO WORDSfrom thepassageforeachanswer.Write youranswers inboxes JO-13on youranswer sheet.
10.Long beforethe inventionofradar,had resultedin asophisticated radar-competitiveprices.结构分析动词serves连词无主干It servestoassist a distributionof goods,thereby...译文它（广告）能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能
10.Apart fromthe factthat twenty-seven actsof Parliamentgovern theterms ofadvertising,no regularadvertiser dare promote aproduct thatfails tolive up tothepromise ofhisadvertisements.重点词汇Parliament:议会）国会British Parliamentconsists ofthe house of commonsand thehouseoflords.英国议会包括上议院和下议院live upto:不辜负live uptothepromise=keep thepromiseSales havenot liveduptoexpectations thisyear.销售额今年还没有达到预期目标结构分析动词govern,darepromote,foils连词that,that主干Apart fromthe factthat同位语从句，no regularadvertiser darepromote aproduct that定语从句译文除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的用语，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺
11.Dependence is marked firstby anincreased tolerance,with moreand moreofthesubstancerequired toproduce thedesired effect,and thenby theappearance ofunpleasant withdrawalsymptomswhen thesubstance is discontinued.重点词汇withdrawal:n.撤回，收回large-scale troopwithdrawal大规模养攵军withdrawal ofgovernment aid政府援助的取消n.取款Customers canuse themachine to make withdrawalsof upto£250a day.客户每天最多可以用取款机提取250英镑symptom syn=with,together,atthesame timeEg.synonym同义词syndrome综合症结构分析动词is marked,isdiscontinued连词when主干:Dependence ismarked firstby anincreased tolerance,and thenby theappearance...when时夫省略结构and thenismarkedby theappearance ofunpleasantwithdrawal symptoms译文对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现
12.The workerswho getsa promotion,the studentwhose gradesimprove,the foreignerwholearns anew language-all theseare examplesof people who havemeasurable resultsto showfor their efforts.重点词汇measurable:可衡量的；重要的）显著地结构分析动词gets,improve,learns,are,have连词who,whose,who,who主干The workerswho定从，the studentwhose定从，the foreignerwho定从,all theseareexamples of peoplewho定从.译文得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人--这些都是那些用可衡量的结果来显示其努力的人们的例证
13.The AswanDam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt ofthe fertilesilt that floodsleft—all inreturn for a giantreservoir ofdisease whichis nowso fullof siltthatit barelygenerates electricity.重点词汇deprive:录U夺deprive sb.of sth.A lotof thesechildren havebeen deprivedofanormal homelife.这些孩子中有许多被剥夺了正常的家庭生活fertile:adj.富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的fertile soil/ground肥沃的土地a fertileimagination/mind/brain丰富的想象力/有创造性的头脑fertilize:v,使受精,使肥沃n.fertilizer化肥silt:n.淤泥reservoirn.水库，蓄水池结构分析动词stopped,deprived,left,is,generates连词:but,that,which,that主干The AswanDam stopped theNile floodingbut deprivedEgypt ofthefertile siltthat定从--all inreturn for a giantreservoir ofdisease which定从so...that分割结构for example,翻译时放到句首，写作时可以尝试这样用，更加突出主语，起强调作用译文例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥―这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了
14.The individualnow has more informationavailable thanany generation,and thetask offindingthat onepiece ofinformation relevantto hisor herspecific problemis complicated,time-consuming,and sometimeseven overwhelming.重点词汇time-consuming:费时的time-saving省时的overwhelming:adj.压倒性的；势不可挡的There isoverwhelming evidencethat smokingdamages yourhealth.有难以辩驳的证据表明吸烟有损健康结构分析动词has,is连词and主干The individualhasmore information thanany generation,and thetask iscomplicated,time-consuming,and sometimeseven overwhelming.译文现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架
15.Expertise can be sharedworldwide throughteleconferencing,and problemsin disputecanbe settledwithout theparticipants leavingtheir homesand/or jobsto travel toadistantconference site.重点词汇expertisen.专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见technical/financial/medical expertiseexpertn.专家，行家adj.熟练的；内行的；老练的He casthis experteye onthe gardenerswork.他用内行的眼光看了看园丁干的活dispute:n.辩论争吵be involvedin adispute卷入纠纷be beyonddispute无可争辩，确定无疑be opento dispute可商榷，有争议结构分析动词can be shared,can be settled连词and主干:Expertise canbe shared,and problemscanbesettled.without独立主格译文通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点
16.The currentpassion formaking childrencompete againsttheir classmatesor againsttheclock producesa two-layer system,in whichcompetitive A-types seemin someway betterthantheir Btype fellows.重点词汇two-layer双层=double layer结构分析动词produces,seem连词in which主干The currentpassion producesa two-layer system,in which非限定从译文现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹
17.While talkingto you,your could-be employeris decidingwhether youreducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications will pay himto employyou and your wares”and abilitiesmust be displayedin anorderly andreasonably connectedmanner.重点词汇waren.陶器）器皿；制品；器具；货物software软件结构分析动词is deciding,willpay,must be displayed连词whether,and省略因为时间状语从句与主句主语相同，所以省略主谓while your could-be employeris talkingto you,...主干while--•+,your could-be employeris decidingwhether宾从,andyour“wares”and abilitiesmustbedisplayed...译文在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品，货”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来
18.The Corporationwill surviveasapublicly fundedbroadcasting organization,at leastforthe time being,but itsrole,its sizeand itsprograms arenow thesubject ofa nationwidedebatein Britain.重点词汇corporation:n.大型公司，集团企业subsidiary corporation子公司broadcasting:n.广播broad广casting投掷结构分析动词:will survive,are连词:but主干The Corporationwill surviveas...,but itsrole,its sizeand itsprograms arenow thesubject...分割结构at leastfor the timebeing译文英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题
19.The debatewas launchedby theGovernment,which invitedanyone withan opinionof theBBC—including ordinarylisteners and viewer to say whatwas goodor badabout theCorporation,and evenwhether they thought itwas worthkeeping.重点词汇Launchvt.发射（导弹、火箭等）；发起，发动；使…下水The organizationhas launcheda campaigntoraise150,
000.为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动vi.开始；下水；起飞n.发射；发行，投放市场；下水；汽艇the launchofanew womensmagazine一本新女，性杂志的发行结构分析动词:was launched,invited,was,thought,was连3司which,what,whether,theythought宾语从句弓］导力司that被省略主干The debatewas launchedby theGovernment,which非F艮定从,including ordinarylisteners andviewer tosay what...and whether....译文这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来
20.We livein asociety in which themedicinal andsocial useof substancesdrugs ispervasive:an aspirinto quieta headache,some wineto besociable,coffee toget goingin themorning,a cigaretteforthenerves.重点词汇medicinal:adj.药的;药用的；治疗的等于medicinable;有益的pervasive:adj.普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的pervade:v.遍及，弥漫A spiritof hopelessnesspervaded the country.一种无望的情绪笼罩着该国结构分析动词live,is连词in which主干We livein asociety inwhich定从译文我们生活在一种药品（毒品）的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟likesysteminbats.
11.Radar isan inaccurateterm whenreferring tobats becauseare notused intheirnavigation system.
12.Radar andsonararebased onsimilar.
13.The wordecholocation9wasfirstusedbysomeoneworkingasa.The Sonarand Radarpioneers didntknow itthen,but allthe worldnow knowsthat bats,orrather naturalselection workingon bats,had perfectedthe systemtens ofmillionsofyearsearlier,and theirradar achievesfeatsofdetectionandnavigationthatwouldstrikeanengineerdumbwithadmiration.It istechnically incorrectto talkabout bat6radar\sincethey donotuseradio waves.It issonar.But theunderlying mathematicaltheories ofradarand sonarareverysimilar,and muchof ourscientific understandingofthedetails ofwhatbats aredoing hascome fromapplying radartheory tothem.The AmericanzoologistDonald Griffin,who waslargely responsibleforthediscoveryofsonarinbats,coined thetermecholocationtocoverbothsonarandradar,whether usedby animalsorbyhumaninstruments.第三章速度技巧作业要求利用速读技巧完成题
1.scanning1-5利用速读技巧划出题段落中心句
2.skimming6-10C6T1Pl AUSTRALIASSPORTING SUCCESSChooseNOMORE THANTHREE WORDS AND/OR ANUMBER
1.By how much didsome cyclists1performance improveatthe1996Olympic GamesFOf course,theres nothingto stopothercountriescopying-and manyhave tried.Someyears ago,the AISunveiled coolant-lined jacketsfor enduranceathletes.At theAtlantaOlympic Games in1996,these slicedas muchas two per centoff cyclists1and rowers1times.Now everyoneuses them.The samehas happenedtothealtitude tent1,developed byAISto replicatethe effect of altitudetraining atsea level.But Australiassuccess storyisabout morethan easilycopied technologicalfixes,and upto nowno nationhas replicateditsall-encompassing system.解析利用吸引眼球词1996和Olympic Games定位,回至《文章scanning定位句At theAtlanta OlympicGamesin1996,these slicedas muchas twoper centoff cyclists1and rowerstimes.题干中howmuch意味着在句子中找数字,因此答案是twoper cent.IS THEREANYBODY OUTTHEREChoose NOMORE THANTHREE WORDS AND/OR ANUMBER fromthepassage foreach answer.
2.What isthe life expectancy ofEarth
3.How manystars arethe worlds most powerful radio telescopessearchingA Theprimary reasonforthesearch isbasic curiosity-thesamecuriosity about the naturalworldthat drivesall purescience.We wantto knowwhether weare alonein theUniverse.We wantto knowwhether lifeevolves naturallyif giventhe rightconditions,or whetherthereis somethingvery specialabout theEarth tohave fosteredthe varietyoflife forms thatwesee aroundus onthe planet.The simpledetection ofa radiosignal willbe sufficienttoanswer thismost basicof allquestions.In thissense,SETI isanother cogin themachineryof purescience whichis continuallypushing outthe horizonof ourknowledge.However,there areother reasonsfor beinginterested inwhether lifeexists elsewhere.For example,we havehad civilisationon Earthfor perhapsonly afew thousandyears,and thethreats ofnuclear war andpollution over the lastfew decadeshave toldus thatour survivalmay betenuous.Will welast anothertwo thousandyears orwill wewipe ourselvesout Since thelifetime ofa planetlike oursis several billion years,we canexpect that,if other civilisationsdo survivein ourgalaxy,their ageswill rangefrom zeroto severalbillion years.Thus anyothercivilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older,on average,than ourselves.Themere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survivalis possible,andgives us some cause for optimism.It iseven possiblethat theolder civilisationmay pass onthe benefitsof theirexperience indealing withthreats tosurvival suchas nuclearwar andglobalpollution,andotherthreats thatwe haventyet discovered.D Analien civilisationcould choosemany differentways ofsending informationacross thegalaxy,but manyof theseeither requiretoo muchenergy,or elseare severelyattenuatedwhile traversingthe vastdistances acrossthe galaxy.It turnsout that,for agiven amountoftransmitted power,radio wavesin thefrequency range1000to3000MHz travelthegreatest distance,andsoall searchesto datehave concentratedon lookingfor radio wavesin thisfrequency range.So farthere havebeen anumberofsearches byvarious groupsaroundthe world,including Australiansearches using theradio telescope atParkes,NewSouth Wales.Until now there havenot been any detectionsfromthefew hundredstarswhich havebeen searched.The scaleofthesearches hasbeen increaseddramatically since1992,when theUS Congressvoted NASA$10million peryear forten yearsto conductathorough searchfor extraterrestriallife.Much ofthe moneyin thisproject isbeing spent ondeveloping thespecial hardwareneeded tosearch manyfrequencies atonce.The projecthas two parts.One partisatargeted searchusing the worlds largestradio telescopes,theAmerican-operated telescopein Arecibo,Puerto Ricoand theFrench telescopein Nancy inFrance.This part oftheproject issearching thenearest1000likely starswith highsensitivityfor signalsin thefrequency range1000to3000MHz.The otherpartoftheproject isan undirectedsearch whichis monitoringall ofspace witha lowersensitivity,using thesmaller antennasof NASA*s DeepSpace Network.解析
2.利用吸引眼球词Earth定位，回到文章scanning,定位到A段题干中所问的是lifeexpectancy寿命,意味着在文中应找数字定位句Sincethe lifetime ofa planetlike oursis severalbillion years,...lifespan同义替换lifeexpectancya planetlike ours同义替换Earth因此答案是severalbillion yearso
3.利用排他细节词radio telescopes,以及比较逻辑关系词最高级也是一种比较逻辑关系most powerful定位题干中所问的是How manystars,意味着在文章中找数字，回到文中scanning.定位句One partisatargeted searchusing the worlds largestradio telescopes,the American-operated telescopein Arecibo,Puerto RicoandtheFrench telescopein Nancyin France.This partoftheproject issearching thenearest100likely starswith high sensitivity forsignalsin thefrequency range1000to3000MHz.其中worlds largestradiotelescope同义替换worldsmost powerfulradiotelescope,跟star相关的数字是1000,因此答案是1000starsCU T3Pl TheStory ofthe SilkChooseONEWORD ONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.
4.550AD:hide silkworm eggs incanes andtake themto ConstantinopleWiththe mulberry silkworm being native to China,the countrywas theworlds soleproducerof silkfor manyhundreds ofyears.The secretof silk-making eventuallyreachedthe restoftheworld viathe ByzantineEmpire,which ruledover theMediterranean regionofsouthern Europe,North Africaandthe Middle Eastduring theperiod330-1453AD.According toanother legend,monks workingforthe Byzantine emperorJustiniansmuggled silkwormeggs toConstantinople Istanbulin modern-day Turkeyin550AD,concealed insidehollow bamboowalking canes.The Byzantineswere assecretive astheChinese,however,and for many centuriesthe weavingand tradingof silkfabric wasa strictimperialmonopoly.Then in the seventhcentury,the Arabsconquered Persia,capturingtheir magnificent silks in the process.Silk productionthus spreadthrough Africa,Sicily andSpain asthe Arabsswept throughtheselands.Andalusia insouthern Spainwas Europesmain silk-producing centrein thetenthcentury.By thethirteenth century,however,Italy hadbecome Europesleader insilkproduction andexport.Venetian merchantstraded extensivelyinsilkand encouragedsilkgrowers tosettle inItaly.Even now,silk processedin theprovinceofComo innorthernItaly enjoysan esteemedreputation.解析
4.利用吸引眼球词550AD和Constantinople联合定位回到文中scanning.定位句According toanother legend,monks workingfortheByzantine emperorJustiniansmuggled silkwormeggs toConstantinople Istanbulin modern-day Turkeyin550AD,concealed insidehollow bamboowalking canes.根据题干，精准预判，第4题应该填一个名词，并且是表人的名词这句话中有两个表人的名词monks和Byzantine emperorJustinian哪一个是正确答案呢？我们来分析一下长o难句...monks workingfortheByzantine emperorJustinian smuggledsilkwormeggs toConstantinople..•该句主干monks smuggledeggs toConstantinople,与题干相符workingfor theByzantine emperorJustinian现在分词作后置定语用来修饰限定monks.因此正确答案是monks.还有一种解题方式题干hide silkwormeggs incanes andtake themtoConstantinople,我们可以看到谓语动词hide是原形不是第三人称单数，因此主语是复数，从这个角度也可以判定答案是monksoC12T8Pl TheHistory ofGlassChoose ONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.
5.Until476AD:Only theknew howto make glass.Glass blowingbecame themost commonway tomakeglasscontainers fromthe firstcenturyBC.The glassmade duringthis timewas highlycoloured duetotheimpurities oftheraw material.In thefirst centuryAD,methods ofcreating colourlessglass weredeveloped,whichwasthen tintedby theaddition ofcolouring materials.The secretof glassmakingwas takenacross EuropebytheRomans duringthis century.However,theyguarded the skills and technology required tomakeglass veryclosely,and itwas notuntiltheir empirecollapsed in476AD thatglass-making knowledgebecame widespreadthroughoutEurope andthe MiddleEast.From the10thcenturyonwards,the Venetiansgaineda reputationfor technicalskill andartistic abilityinthemaking ofglass bottles,andmany ofthe cityscraftsmen leftItaly toset upglassworks throughoutEurope.解析利用吸引眼球词476AD定位，回到文中scanning0定位句However,they guardedtheskillsandtechnologyrequired tomakeglassveryclosely,and itwasnotuntiltheir empirecollapsed in476AD thatglass-making knowledgebecamewidespread throughoutEurope andtheMiddleEast.根据题干我们知道第5题需要天一个表人的名词，Only theknew howtomake glass.同义替换they guardedtheskillsandtechnologyrequiredtomakeglassveryclosely这里代词they指代前文中的Romans The secretofglass makingwas takenoacrossEuropebytheRomansduringthiscentury.因“匕答案是Romanso
6.C8T4Pl LANDOF THERISING SUMLessonsall followthesamepattern.At the beginning,the pupilsput solutionsto thehomeworkonthe board,then the teachers comment,correct orelaborate asnecessary.Pupils marktheir ownhomework:this isan importantprinciple inJapanese schoolingas itenablespupils tosee whereand whythey madea mistake,so thatthese canbe avoidedinfuture.No oneminds mistakesor ignoranceas longas youare preparedto learnfrom themAfterthe homeworkhasbeendiscussed,the teacherexplains thetopic ofthe lesson,slowlyand witha lotof repetitionand elaboration.Examples aredemonstrated ontheboard;questions fromthe textbookare workedthrough firstwiththelass,and thenthe classis setquestionsfromthetextbook todo individually.Only rarelyare supplementaryworksheetsdistributed in a mathsclass.The impressionis thatthe logicalnatureofthe textbooksandtheir comprehensivecoverage ofdifferent typesof examples,combined withthe relativehomogeneityoftheclass,renders worksheets unnecessary.At thispoint,theteacherwouldcirculate andmake surethatallthe pupilswere copingwell.CIO T3Pl TheContext,Meaning andScope ofTourismChoose thecorrect headingfor paragraphsA-E fromthe listof headingsbelow.i.Economic andsocial significanceof tourismii.The developmentof masstourismiii.Travel forthe wealthyiv.Earning foreignexchange throughtourismv.Difficulty inrecognising theeconomic effectsoftourismvi.The contributionof airtraveltotourismvii.The worldimpactoftourismviii.The historyoftravel
6.Paragraph A
7.Paragraph B
8.Paragraph C
9.Paragraph D
10.Paragraph EATravel hasexisted sincethebeginningof time,when primitiveman setout,oftentraversing greatdistances insearch ofgame,which providedthe foodand clothingnecessaryfor hissurvival.Throughout thecourse ofhistory,people havetravelled forpurposesof trade,religious conviction,economic gain,war,migration andother equallycompellingmotivations.In theRoman era,wealthy aristocratsand highgovernmentofficials alsotravelled forpleasure.Seaside resortslocated atPompeii andHerculaneumafforded citizenstheopportunityto escapeto theirvacation villasin orderto avoidthesummer heatof Rome.Travel,except duringthe DarkAges,has continuedto growand,throughout recordedhistory,has playeda vitalrole inthedevelopmentof civilisationsandtheir economies.B Tourisminthe mass formas weknow ittoday isa distinctlytwentieth-centuryphenomenon.Historians suggest thattheadvent ofmasstourismbegan inEngland duringtheindustrial revolutionwiththerise ofthe middleclass andthe availabilityof relativelyinexpensivetransportation.The creationofthecommercial airlineindustry followingtheSecond WorldWar andthe subsequentdevelopmentofthe jetaircraft inthe1950ssignalled therapid growthand expansionof internationaltravel.This growthledtothedevelopmentofa majornew industry:tourism.In turn,internationaltourismbecame theconcernofanumberofworld governmentssince itnot onlyprovided newemploymentopportunities butalso produceda meansof earningforeignexchange.C Tourismtoday hasgrown significantlyin botheconomic andsocial importance.In mostindustrialisedcountries overthepastfew yearsthe fastestgrowth hasbeen seenintheareaof services.One ofthelargestsegments ofthe serviceindustry,although largelyunrecognisedas anentity insome of these countries,is travelandtourism.According totheWorld Traveland TourismCouncil1992,Travelandtourism isthelargestindustry intheworld onvirtually anyeconomic measureincluding value-added capitalinvestment,employment andtax contributions
9.In1992,the industrysgross outputwas estimatedtobe$
3.5trillion,over12per centof allconsumer spending.The travelandtourismindustry istheworlds largestemployer withalmost130million jobs,or almost7percent of allemployees.This industryistheworlds leadingindustrial contributor,producing over6percent oftheworldsgross nationalproduct andaccounting forcapitalinvestmentin excessof$422billion indirect,indirect andpersonal taxescadi year.Thus,tourism hasa profoundimpactboth ontheworldeconomy and,because ofthe educativeeffectoftravelandtheeffects onemployment,on societyitself.D However,the majorproblems ofthe travelandtourismindustry thathave hidden,orobscured,itseconomicimpact arethe diversityand fragmentationoftheindustry itself.Thetravel industryincludes:hotels,motels andother typesof accommodation;restaurants andotherfoodservices;transportation servicesand facilities;amusements,attractions andotherleisurefacilities;gift shopsandalarge numberof otherenterprises.Since manyofthese businessesalsoservelocalresidents,the impactof spendingby visitorscaneasilybeoverlooked orunderestimated.In addition,Meis1992points out thatthetourism industryinvolvesconcepts thathave remainedamorphous toboth analystsanddecisionmakers.Moreover,in allnations thisproblem hasmade itdifficult fortheindustrytodevelopanytype ofreliable orcredible tourisminformation basein orderto estimatethecontributionitmakes toregional,national andglobal economics.However,the natureof thisverydiversity makestravelandtourismidealvehiclesforeconomic developmentin awidevariety ofcountries,regions orcommunities.E Oncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourism havebecome aninstitutionalisedway oflifeformost ofthe population.In fact,McIntosh andGoeldner1990suggestthattourism hasbecome thelargest commodityin internationaltrade formanynations and,forasignificant numberof othercountries,it rankssecond orthird.Forexample,tourism isthe majorsourceofincome inBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,Switzerland andmost Caribbeancountries.In addition,Hawkins andRitchie,quoting fromdatapublished bythe AmericanExpress Company,suggestthatthe traveland tourismindustryisthenumber oneranked employerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,theformer WestGermany,Hong Kong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomand theUnitedStates.However,because ofproblems ofdefinition,which directlyaffectstatistical measurement,itisnot possiblewith anydegree ofcertainty toprovideprecise,valid orreliable dataabout theextentofworld-wide tourismparticipation orits economicimpact.In manycases,similar difficultiesarise whenattempts aremade tomeasuredomestic tourism.解析A段作为文章的首段，开篇多为介绍background information因此答案多在中后部第二句Throughout thecourse ofhistory,people havetravelled forpurposesoftrade,religious conviction...尾句Travel,except duringthe DarkAges,has continuedto growand,throughout recordedhistory,has playeda vitalrole inthedevelopmentof civilisationsand theireconomies.都是和旅行的历史history相关，因此选择viii.The historyof travelB段首句中心句简明扼要Tourisminthemassformasweknowittodayisadistinctlytwentieth-century phenomenon.谈论至了该段中，口3司tourisminthemassform大众旅游原词重现在ii.The developmentofmasstourism选项中，故ii匹配B段C段首句中心句短小精悍Tourismtodayhasgrownsignificantlyinbotheconomicandsocial importance.谈论至两个方面economic和social,与i.Economic andsocialsignificance oftourism相匹配，故为正确答案D段首句中又出现转折该句百分之九十九是中心句However,the majorproblems ofthe travelandtourismindustry thathave hidden,orobscured,itseconomicimpact arethe diversityand fragmentationoftheindustry itself.分析一下长难句该句主干the majorproblems arethe diversityand fragmentationoftheindustry itself,that引导的定语从句thathavehidden,or obscured,itseconomicimpact修饰限定problems,即这些问题隐藏，模糊了经济意义与v.Difficulty inrecognising theeconomic effectsoftourism表述一致E段扩大眼距，放眼望去，该段最多的就是大写的国家名，因此与vii.The worldimpactof tourism相匹酉己第二章雅思的句作业要求利用长难句三步法解析以下长难句
1.The Americaneconomicsystemis,organized arounda basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented economyinwhichconsumers largelydetermine whatshall beproducedby spendingtheir moneyinthemarketplace forthose goodsandservicesthattheywantmost.
2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystem itisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximize theirincomes,which togetherdetermine whatshallbeproducedandhowresources areusedtoproduce it.
3.If,ontheother hand,producing moreofacommodity resultsin reducingits cost,thiswill tendtoincreasethesupplyoffered byseller-producers,which inturn willlower thepriceand permitmore consumersto buythe product.
4.In theAmerican economy,the conceptof privateproperty embracesnot onlytheownership ofproductive resourcesbutalsocertain rights,including therighttodeterminethe priceofaproduct ortomakea freecontract withanother privateindividual.
5.At thesame timethese computersrecord whichhours arebusiest andwhich employersarethemostefficient,allowing personneland staffingassignments tobe madeaccordingly.And theyalso identifypreferred customersfor promotionalcampaigns.
6.Numerous othercommercial enterprises,from theatersto magazinepublishers,from gasandelectric utilitiesto milkprocessors,bring betterand moreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseof computers.
7.At thesame time,theAmericanLaw Institute—a groupof judges,lawyers,andacademics whoserecommendations carrysubstantial weight—issued newguidelines fortortlawstatingthat companiesneed notwarn customersof obviousdangers orbombardthem withalengthylistofpossible ones.
8.The greatinterest inexceptional childrenshown inpublic educationoverthepast threedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelingin oursociety thatall citizens,whatever theirspecialconditions,deserve theopportunitytofully developtheir capabilities.
9.It servesdirectly toassistarapid distributionof goodsat reasonableprice,therebyestablishing afirm homemarket andso makingit possibletoprovidefor exportatcompetitive prices.
10.Apart fromthe factthat twenty-seven actsof Parliamentgovern theterms ofadvertising,no regularadvertiser darepromote aproduct thatfails tolive uptothepromiseof hisadvertisements.
11.Dependence ismarked firstby anincreased tolerance,with moreand moreof thesubstancerequiredtoproduce thedesired effect,and thenbytheappearance ofunpleasantwithdrawal symptomswhen thesubstance isdiscontinued.
12.The workerswho getsa promotion,the studentwhose gradesimprove,the foreignerwholearns anew ianguage-all theseare examplesofpeoplewho havemeasurable resultstoshow fortheir efforts.
13.The AswanDam,for example,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertile siltthat floodsleft—all inreturn fora giantreservoir ofdisease whichis nowso fullofsiltthatit barelygenerates electricity.
14.The individualnow hasmoreinformationavailable thanany generation,andthetaskof findingthat onepiece ofinformation relevantto hisor herspecific problemiscomplicated,time-consuming,and sometimeseven overwhelming.
15.Expertise canbesharedworldwide throughteleconferencing,and problemsin disputecanbesettledwithout theparticipants leavingtheir homesand/or jobsto traveltoadistantconference site.
16.The currentpassion formaking childrencompete againsttheir classmatesor againsttheclock producesa two-layer system,inwhichcompetitive A-types seeminsomewaybetter thantheir Btype fellows.
17.While talkingto you,yourcould-be employeris decidingwhether youreducation,your experience,andotherqualifications willpay himto employyou andyour wares”andabilities mustbedisplayedin anorderly andreasonably connectedmanner.
18.The Corporationwill surviveasapublicly fundedbroadcasting organization,at leastforthetimebeing,but itsrole,its sizeand itsprograms arenowthesubject ofa nationwidedebatein Britain.
19.The debatewas launchedbytheGovernment,which invitedanyone withan opinionofthe BBC—including ordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwas goodor badabout theCorporation,and evenwhether theythought itwas worthkeeping.
20.We liveinasociety inwhich themedicinal andsocial useof substancesdrugs ispervasive:an aspirinto quieta headache,some winetobesociable,coffee toget goinginthe morning,a cigaretteforthenerves.第三章雅思的段作业要求利用速读技巧完成题
1.scanning1-5利用速读技巧选出题段落中心
2.skimming6-10headingC6T1Pl AUSTRALIASSPORTING SUCCESSChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/OR ANUMBER
1.By howmuch didsome cyclists*performance improveatthe1996Olympic GamesFOf course,theres nothingto stopothercountriescopying-and manyhave tried.Someyears ago,the AISunveiled coolant-lined jacketsfor enduranceathletes.At theAtlantaOlympic Gamesin1996,these slicedas muchastwopercentoff cyclists*and rowerstimes.Now everyoneuses them.The samehas happenedtothealtitude tent\developed byAISto replicatetheeffectof altitudetraining atsea level.But Australiassuccess storyisabout morethan easilycopied technologicalfixes,and upto nowno nationhas replicateditsall-encompassing system.IS THEREANYBODY OUTTHEREChoose NOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/OR ANUMBERfrom thepassageforeachanswer.
2.What isthelifeexpectancy ofEarth
3.How manystars aretheworldsmostpowerfulradio telescopessearchingA Theprimary reasonforthesearch isbasic curiosity-thesamecuriosity aboutthe naturalworldthat drivesall purescience.We wantto knowwhether weare aloneintheUniverse.We wantto knowwhether lifeevolves naturallyif giventherightconditions,or whetherthereis somethingvery specialabouttheEarth tohave fosteredthe varietyoflifeformsthat wesee aroundus onthe planet.The simpledetection ofa radiosignal willbe sufficienttoanswer thismost basicofallquestions.In thissense,SETI isanother cogin themachineryofpurescience whichis continuallypushing outthe horizonof ourknowledge.However,there areother reasonsfor beinginterested inwhether lifeexists elsewhere.Forexample,we havehad civilisationon Earthfor perhapsonly afew thousandyears,and thethreatsof nuclearwar andpollution overthe lastfew decadeshave toldus thatour survivalmaybe tenuous.Will welast anothertwo thousandyears orwill wewipe ourselvesoutSince thelifetime ofa planetlike oursis severalbillionyears,we canexpect that,if othercivilisationsdo survivein ourgalaxy,their ageswill rangefrom zeroto severalbillionyears.Thus anyothercivilisationthatwehearfromislikelytobefarolder,on average,than ourselves.The mereexistenceofsuchacivilisationwilltellusthatlong-term survivalispossible,and givesussomecauseforoptimism.It iseven possiblethattheoldercivilisation maypassonthe benefitsof theirexperience indealing withthreats tosurvivalsuch asnuclearwarandglobalpollution,andotherthreats thatwe haventyet discovered.D Analien civilisationcould choosemany differentways ofsending informationacrossthe galaxy,but manyoftheseeither requiretoo muchenergy,or elseare severelyattenuatedwhile traversingthe vastdistances acrossthe galaxy.It turnsoutthat,foragivenamount oftransmitted power,radiowavesinthefrequency range1000to3000MHz travelthegreatest distance,andsoall searchesto datehave concentratedon lookingfor radiowavesin thisfrequency range.So farthere havebeenanumberofsearches byvariousgroups aroundtheworld,including Australiansearches using theradiotelescope atParkes,New SouthWales.Until nowthere havenot beenany detectionsfromthefew hundredstarswhich havebeen searched.The scaleofthesearches hasbeen increaseddramaticallysince1992,when theUS Congressvoted NASA$10million peryear forten yearstoconduct athorough searchfor extraterrestriallife.Much ofthe moneyin thisproject isbeingspentondeveloping thespecial hardwareneeded tosearch manyfrequencies atonce.The projecthas twoparts.One partisatargeted searchusingtheworlds largestradiotelescopes,theAmerican-operated telescopein Arecibo,Puerto RicoandtheFrenchtelescope inNancyinFrance.This partoftheproject issearching thenearest1000likelystars withhighsensitivityfor signalsinthefrequency range1000to3000MHz.The otherpartoftheproject isan undirectedsearch whichis monitoringall ofspace witha lowersensitivity,usingthesmaller antennasof NASA*s DeepSpace Network.Cll T3Pl TheStory ofthe Silk
4.550AD:8hide silkwormeggs incanes andtake themtoConstantinopleWith themulberrysilkwormbeingnativetoChina,thecountrywastheworlds soleproducerof silkformanyhundreds ofyears.Thesecretof silk-making eventuallyreachedthe restoftheworld viatheByzantineEmpire,which ruledovertheMediterranean regionofsouthern Europe,North AfricaandtheMiddleEastduringtheperiod330-1453AD.According toanother legend,monks workingfortheByzantine emperorJustiniansmuggled silkwormeggstoConstantinople Istanbulin modern-day Turkeyin550AD,concealed insidehollow bamboowalking canes.The Byzantineswere assecretive astheChinese,however,andformany centuriesthe weavingand tradingof silkfabric wasastrict imperialmonopoly.Then inthe seventhcentury,the Arabsconquered Persia,capturing theirmagnificentsilksintheprocess.。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
