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阅读理解主旨大意题01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱标题类易混易错点1【分析】标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应易错陷阱段落大意类易混易错点2【分析】每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象易错陷阱文章大意类易混易错点3【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，A.The benefitthe authorobtained fromtravelling.B.The source of the authors stressduring officehours.C.The changeof theauthors attitudeto takingholidays.D.The reasonwhy theauthor triedto be a harder worker.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题根据文章第四段内容“In mytwenties,when I was almostconstantly in a stateofanxiety,I neverwent onholiday.I wasscared offlying,scared ofmy bossnoticing howmuch nicerlife waswithout me in the office.1thought not going onholiday made me aharder worker,when actuallyit justmademe a more tired one.Then,a bosspulled me aside to tell me that he wasnt going to thank me for not taking myholidays.I thenbooked acheap beachholiday with a friend,and wasgenuinely amazedto findI feltmuch（在我多岁的时候，当时我几乎总是处于焦虑的状态，我从来没有去度假我害怕坐better for it.20飞机，害怕老板注意到我不在办公室生活会好得多我原以为不去度假会让我更努力工作，但实际上不度假只会让我更累然后，一位老板把我拉到一边，告诉我他不会因为我不休假而感谢我然后我和一个朋友订了一个便宜的海滩度假，我真的很惊讶地发现我感觉好多了户可知，第四段主要讲述了作者对于度假的态度的改变故选C【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点【例】（江苏省徐州市第七中学年高三期中试题）32023New bio-plastics arebeing madein laboratoriesfrom straw,wood chips and food waste,with researchersaiming to replace oil as the sourceof the worlds plastic.The newapproaches includegenetically modifyingbacteria to eat woodand produceuseful chemicals.But thebio-plastics arecurrently significantlymore expensiveto makethan fossil fuel-based plastics.Land andseas around the world,from highmountains todeep oceans,have becomepolluted withplastic,prompting majorpublic concern.The worldhas produced8bn tons of plasticsince the1950sanddemand isstillrising.While somewaste plasticis recycled,much ofit isburnt toproduce electricity,resulting incarbonemissions thatdrive climatechange.In contrastto plasticmade fromoil,plastics madefrom plant-basedmaterials onlyrelease thecarbon theplants absorbedfrom the air as they grew.（生物降解）Bio-plastics willalso givemore optionsfor productsthat biodegradein theenvironment,although they can bemade verylong-lasting ifrequired.“Plastics arean incredibleenhancement toour dailylives,“said PaulMines,CEO ofBiomeTechnologies in the UK,which hasspent t5m in the lastfive yearson bio-plastics research.But wecant go（桶）on usingfossilfuel-based materials.About6-7%of everybarrel ofoil isused to make plastics.”“Using plantmaterials isfeasible,said professorSimon,at the University ofYork.Replacing halfof thenationsplastic bottlescould bedone usingjust3%of thesugar beetcrop,5%of wheatstraw or
2.5%of foodwaste,“he said.Currently,just a few thousandtonsofbio-plastic areused in the UKeach year,compared tomillions oftonsof conventionalplastic.Mines saidthis could rise to about20,000tons in the nextfive years.What is the mainidea of the passageA.Plastics arcnecessary indaily life.B.Oil isthe sourceof the worlds plastic.易错分析C.Bioplastic makingis apromising industry.D.Scientists areresearching bioplasticmaking.未关注首段，不重视文章中心主题句的总结【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题根据文章第一段“New bio-plastics arebeing madein laboratoriesfrom straw,woodchips andfoodwaste,with researchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceof theworlds（实验室正在用稻草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料，研究人员的目标是取代石油成为plastic.世界塑料的来源厂并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究者们正在研究生物塑料故选D【变式］（福建省福州高级中学学年高三月试题）12023-202410（催眠）A trialproject by the Montreal Childrens Hospital suggested that the use of medicalhypnosiscan reduce pain and anxiety in patients.The projectalso resultedin areduction in the amount of medicines（医学影像）used to perform medical-imaging imaging procedures.“During theexamination childrendont move.It worksperfectly.Its amazing,“said JohanneUEcuyer,amedical-imaging technologistat thehospital.The projectwas inspiredby aFrench teamfrom RouenUniversity HospitalCentre whereexaminations（麻醉）.are doneunder hypnosisinstead ofgeneral anesthesiaAFrench medical-imaging technologist-also ahypnotist-was invitedto train afewmembers in themedical-imaging departmentof thechildrens hospital.In all,80examinations wereconducted for the projectbetweenJanuary andSeptember,2019,focusing on the imagingprocedures thatwould cause anxiety.What isthe passagemainly aboutA.An easyway tocommunicate withpatients.B.The standardmethod ofconducting hypnosis.C.An introductionof medical-imaging technology.D.The useof hypnosisin medical-imagingprocedures.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段“Atrial projectby theMontrealChildrensHospitalsuggested that theuse（催眠）of medicalhypnosis canreducepain andanxietyinpatients.The projectalso resultedin areduction（医学影像）.（蒙特利in theamount ofmedicines usedtoperformmedical-imaging imagingprocedures尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工厂可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用故选D【变式2］（2023年全国高三专练）（经，齐衰退），In previousrecessions billionaireswere hitalong withthe restof us;it tookalmost threeyearsfor Forbess400richest peopleto recoverfrom lossescaused in2008s GreatRecession.But in thecoronavirus recession of2020,most billionaireshave gottenricher thanever before.Billionaires increasedtheir newbillions justas millionsof otherAmericans raninto terriblefinancialproblems.More than20million peoplelost theirjobs at the start of the pandemic.Food banksacross thecountryare preparingfor anothergreat increasein demand.Why areAmerican billionairesdoing sowellwhile somany otherAmericans sufferPeople mayfind part of thereasons from the followingfact.Stocks（股票）are overwhelminglyowned bythe wealthy,and thestock markethas recovered from itsearly-pandemic depthsmuch morequickly thanother partsof the economy.What doestheauthormainly tellus in the passageA.Food banksare not enough in the UnitedStates.B,The richestkept gettingricher evenin thepandemic.C.The stockmarket recoveredbefore thepandemic started.D.400richest peoplerecoveredfromlosses in thepandemic.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段最后一句But in the coronavirusrecessionof2020,most billionaires（但在年的冠状病毒衰退中，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时have gottenricher thanever before.^2020候都更富有）可知，文章主要是讲最富有的人在疫情中也变得越来越富有故选B【变式3］（2022年江苏高三校考）Light pollution is asignificant butoverlooked driverof therapid decline of insect populations,accordingto the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence todate.Artificial light at nightcan affectevery aspectof insects*lives,the researcherssaid.We strongly（入侵的）believe artificiallight at night——in combinationwith habitatloss,chemical pollution.invasivespecies,and climatechange一is drivinginsect declines,nthe scientists concludedafter assessingmore than150studies.Insect populationcollapses havebeen reportedaroundtheworld,and the first globalscientific reviewpublishedin February,said widespreaddeclines threatenedto cause a Catastrophiccollapse ofnaturesecosystems
1.There arethought to be millionsof insectspecies,most stillunknown toscience,and abouthalf areactiveatnight.Those activeintheday mayalso bedisturbed bylightatnight whenthey areat rest.（飞蛾）The mostfamiliar impact of light pollution ismoths flappingaround abulb,mistaking itfor themoon.Some insectsuse thepolarisation oflight to find thewater they need tobreed,as lightwaves lineup（使^包汤）after reflectingfrom asmooth surface.But artificiallight canscupper this.Insects areimportant（猎物）prey formany species,but lightpollution cantip thebalance infavour of the predatorif ittraps insectsaroundlights.Such increasesin predationrisk werelikely tocause therapid extinctionof affectedspecies,theresearchers said.The researcherssaid mosthuman-caused threatsto insectshave analoguesin nature,such asclimatechange andinvasive species.But lightpollutionisparticularly hardfor insectsto dealwith.However,unlike otherdrivers ofdecline,lightpollutionis relativelyeasy toprevent.Simply turningofflights that are notneeded isthe mostobvious action,he said,while makinglights motion-activated alsocutslight pollution.Shading lightsso onlythe areaneeded islit upis important.It isthe samewith avoidingblue-white lights,which interferewith dailyrhythms.LED lightsalso offerhope asthey can be easilytuned toavoidharmful coloursand flickerrates.What isdiscussed inthe passageA.Causes ofdeclining insect populations.B.Consequences ofinsectpopulationcollapses.C.Light pollution:the keybringer ofinsect declines.D.Insect declines:the driverof thecollapsed ecosystem.【答案】c【解析】主旨大意题由文章总领段第一段“Light pollutionis asignificant butoverlooked driverof therapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,according to themostcomprehensivereviewof thescientificevidenceto.（根据对迄今为止的科学证据进行的最全面的回顾，光污染是昆虫数量迅速下降的一个重要但date被忽视的驱动因素广，结合下文内容主要围绕介绍光污染对昆虫减少的影响展开可知，本文主要讨论昆虫数量下降的原因故选项C（年新高考卷）
1.2023IOn March7,1907,the Englishstatistician FrancisGalton publisheda paperwhich illustratedwhat hascometo beknown asthe“wisdom of crowds”effect.The experimentof estimationhe conductedshowed thatinsome cases,the averageof alarge numberof independentestimates could be quiteaccurate.This effectcapitalizes on the factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errors arent alwaysthe same.Some peoplewill tendto overestimate,and someto underestimate.When enoughof these errorsare averagedtogether,they cancel each other out,resulting in a moreaccurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tendtomake the same errors,then theirerrors wontcancel each other out.In moretechnical terms,the wisdomofcrowds requires that peoples estimates be independent.If forwhatever reasons,peoples errors becomecorrelated ordependent,the accuracyof theestimate willgo down.What isparagraph2of the text mainly aboutA.The methodsof estimation.B.The underlyinglogic of the effect.C.The causesof peopleserrors.D.The designof Galtonsexperiment.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题根据第二段内容“This effectcapitalizes on the factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errorsarent alwaysthe same.Some peoplewill tendto overestimate,and cometo underestimate.Whenenough of theseerrorsareaveragedtogether,they canceleachotherout,resulting in a moreaccurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tendtomakethesameerrors,then theirerrors wontcanceleachotherout.In moretechnicalterms,the wisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeoplesestimatesbeindependent.If forwhatever reasons,（这种效应利用了people serrorsbecomecorrelated ordependent,the accuracyof theestimate willgo down.这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的有些人常常会高估，或者低估当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑故选B（年高考浙江卷）
2.2023（安装）According to the Solar Energy IndustryAssociation,the numberof solarpanels installedhasgrown rapidlyinthe past decade,and ithas togrow evenfaster to meet climategoals.But allof thatgrowthwill takeup alot ofspace,and thoughmore andmore peopleaccept theconcept ofsolar energy,few likelargesolar panelsto beinstalled nearthem.Solar developerswant toput uppanels asquickly andcheaply aspossible,so theyhavent givenmuchthought to what theyput underthem.Often,theyll endup fillingthe areawith smallstones andusingchemicals tocontrol weeds.The resultis thatmany communities,especially infarming regions,see solarfarms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projectsneed to be goodneighbors/9says JordanMacknick,the headof theInnovative Site（）Preparation andImpact Reductionson theEnvironment InSPIREproject.“They needtobeprotectors of theland andcontribute to the agricultural economy.^^InSPIRE isinvestigating practicalapproaches tolow-impact“solar development,which focuseson establishingand operatingsolar farmsin away thatis（传粉昆kinder to the land.One of the easiestlow-impact solarstrategies isproviding habitatfor pollinators虫）.Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climatechange havecaused dramaticdeclines inpollinator populationsoverthe pastcouple ofdecades,which hasdamaged theU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28states havepassed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticideuse.Conservation organizationsput outpollinator-friendliness guidelinesfor homegardens,businesses,schools,cities-and nowthere areguidelinesfor solar farms.Over thepast few years,many solarfarm developershave transformedthe space under their solar panelsintoa shelterfor variouskinds ofpollinators,resulting insoil improvementand carbonreduction.Thesepollinator-friendly solar farms canhave avaluable impact on everythingthats goingon inthe landscape/9says Macknick.
32.What dosolar developersoften ignoreA.The declineinthedemand forsolar energy.B.The negativeimpactofinstalling solarpanels.C.The risinglabor costof buildingsolarfarms.D.The mostrecent advancesin solartechnology.
33.What doesInSPIRE aimto doA.Improve theproductivity oflocal farms.B.Invent newmethods forcontrolling weeds.C.Make solarprojects environmentallyfriendly.D.Promote theuseofsolar energyin ruralareas.
34.What isthe purposeof thelaws mentionedin paragraph4A・To conservepollinators.B.To restrictsolar development.C.To diversifytheeconomy.D.To ensurethe supplyof energy.
35.Which of the followingisthe best title for the textA.Pollinators:To Leaveor toStay B.SolarEnergy:Hope for the FutureC.InSPIRE:A Leaderin AgricultureD.Solar Farms:A NewDevelopment【答案】
32.B
33.C
34.A
35.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展推理判断题根据第二段中的
32.“Often,theyll endup fillingthe areawith smallstones andusingchemicals tocontrol weeds.The resultis thatmany communities,especially infarming regions,see solar（通常,他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草farmsasdestroyersof thesoil.结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者广可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响故选项B细节理解题根据第三段中的
33.InSPIRE isinvestigating practicalapproaches to“low-impact”solardevelopment,which focuseson establishingand operatingsolarfarmsin away thatis kinderto theland.（正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运InSPIRE营太阳能农场户可知，采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场InSPIRE更加环保故选项C细节理解题根据第四段中的
34.“Over28states havepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotection（超过个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律）”可知，and pesticideuse.28这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者故选项A主旨大意题根据最后一段中的
35.Over thepast fewyears,many solarfarm developershave transformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanels intoa shelterfor variouskinds ofpollinators,resulting insoil improvement（在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各and carbonreduction.种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放厂可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的儿年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场故选项D36（浙江省义乌五校2023・2024学年高三联考试题）The conventionalwisdom about insects has been that they areunthinking,unfeeling creatureswhose（天生的）.behavior isentirely hardwiredBut inthe1990s researchersbegan makingsurprising discoveries（黄蜂）aboutinsectminds.Some speciesof waspsrecognize theirnest matesfaces andacquire impressivesocialskills.For example,they caninfer thefighting strengthsof otherwasps relativeto theirown justbywatching otherwasps fightamong themselves.（认知）,Given thesubstantial workon thecomplexity ofinsect cognitionit mightseem surprisingthatit took scientists so long to ask whether,if they are thatsmart,could alsobe sentient,capable of feeling.Sincewe haveno directwindow into the innerworld of an animalthat cannotverbally communicateits thoughtsandfeelings,the questionof whetherinsects aresentient remainedacademic.15years ago,I performedan experimentin whichwe askedwhether bumblebeescould learn about threatfrom theirnatural enemies.We builta plasticspider modelwith amechanism thatwould brieflytrap abumblebeebetween twosponges beforereleasing it.The bumblebeesshowed asignificant changein theirbehavior after beingattacked bythe roboticspider.Perhaps unsurprisingly,they learnedto avoidflowers withspidersand meticulouslyscanned everyflower beforelanding.Curiously,however,they sometimes evenfledfrom imaginarythreats,scanning andthen abandoninga perfectlysafe,spider-free flower.Although thisincidentalobservation didnot constituteformal evidence ofan emotionlikestate,it didopen thedoor to theidea thatsuch statesmight existin insects.Some researchsuggestedthatinsects mighthave positivestates ofmind.Researchers discoveredthatbees activelyseek outdrugs such as nicotin e andcaffein ewhen giventhe choiceand eventreat themselveswithnicotinewhen sick.Male fruitflies stressedby beingrobbed ofmating opportunitiesprefer foodcontainingalcohol,and beeseven showwithdrawal symptomswhen removedfrom analcohol-rich diet.Why wouldinsects consumemind-altering substancesif there isnt amind toalter Butthese suggestivehintsof negativeand positivemind statesstill fellshort of what wasneeded todemonstrate thatinsects aresentient.What doesthe text mainly discussA.What insects1various behaviorcan reveal.B.How insectscommunicate theirthoughts.C.What amazingpowers insectspossess.D.Whether insectsare capable offeeling.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题根据文章第二段“Given thesubstantial workonthecomplexity ofinsect cognition,it mightseem surprisingthat ittookscientistssolongtoaskwhether,if theyare thatsmart,could alsobe（考虑至对昆虫认知复杂性的大量研究，科学家们花了这么长时间才提sentient,capableoffeeling.lj出这样的问题，如果它们真的那么聪明，它们是否也有知觉，能够感知，这似乎令人惊讶广及全文内容可知，文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受这个问题故选项D（江苏省决胜新高考学年高三月大联考）
4.
2023.202410就通过关Assuming alcoholdoes enhancethe likelihoodofaperson interactingwith someonethey find键词句来概括如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的此时，要注意转折词，如but,however,yet,in spiteof,onthecontrary o【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【例】（浙江省义乌五校学年高三联考试题）12023-2024（拷问）The scientistsjob isto figureout howtheworldworks,to tortureNature toreveal hersecrets,（asthe17th centuryphilosopher FrancisBacon describedit.But whoare thesepeople inthe labcoats or）sports jackets,or T-shirts andjeans andhow do they workIt turnsout that thereis a gooddeal ofmysterysurrounding themystery-solvers.“One of the greatestmysteries isthe questionof whatit is about humanbeings-brains,education,cultureetc.that makesthem capableof doingscience at all Jsaid ColinAllen,a cognitivescientist atIndianaUniversity.Two vitalingredients seemtobenecessary tomake a scientist:the curiosityto seekout mysteriesand thecreativityto solvethem.Scientists exhibita heightenedlevel ofcuriosity,reads a2007report onscientificcreativity.They gofurther anddeeper intobasic questionsshowing apassion forknowledge fbrits ownsake.Max Planck,one of the fathersof quantumphysics,once said,thescientistmust havea vividand（推论），intuitive imagination,for newideas arenot generatedby deductionbut by an artisticallycreativeimagination9ong asour besttechnology forseeing insidethe brainrequires subjectsto lienearly motionlesswhilesurrounded bya giantmagnet,were onlygoing tomake limitedpro gresson thesequestions/5Allen said.What is a suitabletitle for the textA.Who AreThe Mystery-solversB.Scientists AreNot BomBut Madeattractive.Bowdring believesher findingscould revealoneprocess supportingthe rewardingyet potentiallydangerous natureof alcohol-including itsimpactonriskybehaviour.“If youre going to consume alcohol,I thinkit isworth reflectingon howcan youdo itin away thatssafeand consistent with your goals,“Bowdring said.People may benefit byrecognizing thatvalued socialmotivationsand intentionschange whendrinking,in waysthat maybe appealingintheshort termbut possiblyharmful inthelong term.^^What doesBowdring mainlytalk aboutinthe last paragraphA.The significanceof herresearch.B.Reflection onher previousresearch.C.The negativeeffects ofdrinking.D.Social moralityand standards.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题根据尾段中的“People maybenefit byrecognizing thatvalued socialmotivations andintentionschange whendrinking,in waysthat maybe appealingintheshort termbut possiblyharmfulinthe.（人们可能会受益于认识到有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒时发生了变化，这种变化可能long term在短期内吸引人，但从长远来看可能有害户可知，认为，人们意识到了有价值的社会动Bowdring机和意图在饮酒后会发生改变，从短期看来，人们会受益于此，但在长远看，这可能是有害的，结合尾端的首句“If you5regoingtoconsumealcohol,I thinkit isworth reflectingon howcan youdo itin a（鲍德林说:“如果你打算喝酒，我认为值way thatssafe andconsistentwith yourgoals,“Bowdring said.得思考的是，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒）可知，建议人们要思考一下，J”Bowdring如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒，综合以上信息可知，最后一段讲述的应是这项研究的意义故选项A（安徽省合肥市第一中学学年高三质检试题）
5.2023-2024In thelate1990s,ascientistnamed MarkBlumberg stoodinalab attheUniversity of Iowawatching afewsleeping newlybomrats.He found thatthebaby ratskept makingsmall,sharp movements in theirsleep,（）and thattheir closedeyes movedfrom sideto sideinaphenomenon known as rapideye movementREM.Blumberg knewthattherats werefine,because heknew peopledothesame duringREM sleep.And scientists（抽动）have longhad anexplanation forthe twitchesand REM:They aredreaming about their waking life.However,as hedug deeper,he wonderedwhy adult rats spendonly abouttwo hoursof eachnight inREM sleep,while baby rats spendan unusualamountoftime in REM,often sleepingfor sixteenhours adayand dreamingfor eight.“If dreamsare hintsof wakinglife,adultratswho have more experiencesshould spendmore timeinREM sleep.Why dobaby rats,whose eyesare stillshut,spend somuch timeinREM sleep whenthey havetoolittle todream about”he wondered.Why dotheir eyes,their legs,tails andwhiskers movehundreds ofthousandsof timesduring theirsleep”一In theend,Blumberg concludedthat itmight be the otherway aroundperhaps themovements weresending signals tothe brain to help it learnabout the body.“You wouldntthink thatthe bodyis somethinga brainneeds to learn/9he wroteinapaper.“But wearentbom withmaps ofour bodies.We cant be,because ourbodies changebytheday.But inwakinglife,we（吞咽）cannot moveonly asingle muscle.Even thesimplest actof swallowingemploys morethan thirtypairs of nervesand musclesworking together.Our smalland sharpmovements insleep,by contrast,are exactand precise:They involvemuscles oneatatime.In otherwords,such movementsallow themuscles andnervesto formone-to-one connectionsthat otherwisewould beimpossible.Its aprocess thatsmost importantforthe braintolearnaboutthebody aswe grow,suffer injuriesand learnnew skills.
12.What wasthe previousexplanation forREMA.It wasjust anoutward signof dreams.B・It showedthe difficultyin sleeping.C.It was an indicatorof terribledreams.D.It onlyoccured to sleeping babyrats.
13.What can be learnedfrom paragraph2A.Baby ratshave tospend allnight inREM sleep.B.REMsleepjust accountsfor partof thesleeping time.C.It isunnecessary forbabyratstosleep16hours aday.D.It is notenoughfor adultsto havetwo hoursof REMsleep.
14.What isa featureof themovementsinREMsleepaccording toMark BlumbergA.They teachthe brainnew skillsand healinjuries.B,Muscles haveto worktogether tostart themovements.C.Each of them justinvolves amuscle anda nerveatatime.D.They areless exactandprecisethan ourdaily movements.
15.What isthetextmainly aboutA.The importanceof REMsleep.B.The latestdiscoveries aboutdreaming.C.The relationshipbetween dreamsand wakinglife.D.A differentexplanation forthe twitchesduring sleep.【答案】
12.A
13.B
14.C
15.D【导语】主旨大意题根据第四段“In theend,Blumberg concludedthat itmight bethe otherway around-perhaps themovements weresendingsignalstothe braintohelpitlearnaboutthebody.”（最后，布鲁姆伯格得出结论，情况可能恰恰相反——也许这些动作向大脑发送信号，帮助它了解身体）可知，本文主要是介绍了马克・布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解项“睡眠中抽搐的另一种解释”符合文意故选项D D（河北省石家庄市学年石家庄市一中高三试题）
6.
2023.2024We usuallyhear theterm addictionused when（弓|发）talking aboutdrugs oralcohol.But researchersare findingthat certainfoods cantrigger thesamefeelings asdrugs.It allcomes downto whatshappening inthe brain.When wefeel ahappy rush,its dueto aflood ofthefeel-good chemicalin our brain.Drugs andalcohol cancauseasimilar high.So,it turnsout,cansome popularsnack foods.（碳水化合物）“Were designedto findcarbohydrates and fats reinforcing,says Ashley Gearhardt.Shes（进化）a psychologist.Evolving suchtastes helpedour ancestorsovercome faminewhen wecouldnt findenough to eat and make sure we survive.^^she explains.That criticalrole shapedthe brainsreward system,making ushard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fattyfoods.The problemisnt withall foodscontaining carbohydrates and fats.Fruit isfull ofsugar.Oats andotherwhole grainshave lotsof carbohydrates.Nuts andmeat havefat.But suchunprocessed foodseaten ina formthatssimilar tohow theygrew-also contain other nutrients,suchasfiber,that slowdigestion.That limitshowquickly ourbodies canabsorb thenutrients.Cookies,candy,soda,fries andother highlyprocessed foodslackthose additionalnutrients.Such foodscontain ingredientsthat havebeen highlychanged from their naturalstate.Theyre full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and addedfats.Whats more,they oftencontain ingredientsthatdont naturallyoccur together.Sugar andfat dontcome togetherin nature,Gearhardt says.But highlyprocessed foods often“have unnaturally high levels of bothcarbohydrates andfat.When wecat thesefoods,we geta quick“hit”of carbohydratesand fatsthat givethe brain a boost That makes us want toeat them againandagain.“Pay attentiontowhat you eat,“Gearhardt says.Its bestto getplenty ofnutritious foodsfor yourmindand body.That doesntmean youcant havea donutor pizzanow andthen.Just besure youreaware ofwhatyoure eating.”
8.What directlymakes ushappy accordingto paragraph1A.Addiction tofoods.B.Snack foods.C.Chemical in ourbrain.D.Some alcohol.
9.What doesthe underlinedword famine66in paragraph2meanA.A lack of foodB.A lotof difficulty.C.Enemies D.Diseases.
10.What dowe knowabout carbohydratesand fatsA.Cookies haveless carbohydratesand fats.B.Unprocessed foodshavemorecarbohydratesand fats.C.Humans areborn tobe tiredof carbohydratesandfats.D.Processed foodshave unnaturalcarbohydratesandfats.
11.What isthe best title forthe textA.Be Aware of UnprocessedFood B.Avoid UnprocessedFoodC.Eating HabitsD.Shake FoodAddiction【答案】
8.B
9.A
10.D
11.D【导语】本文是说明文文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，并建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾细节理解题根据第一段（弓|发）
8.But researchersare findingthat certainfoods cantrigger thesamefeelings asdrugs.It allcomes downto whafshappening inthebrain.When wefeel ahappy rush,its dueto afloodofthefeel-good chemicalinourbrain.Drugs andalcohol cancauseasimilar high.So,it turnsout,can（但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉这一切都归结some popularsnack foods.于大脑中发生的事情当我们感到快乐时，这是由于我们大脑中大量的感觉良好的化学物质毒品和酒精也能引起类似的兴奋事实证明，一些受欢迎的零食也可以）“可知，零食可以使我们快乐故选B词义猜测题根据第二段（碳水化合物）
9.‘Were designedto findcarbohydratesandfats reinforcing/says（进化）AshleyGearhardt.Shes apsychologist.Evolving suchtastes helpedour ancestorsovercome famine.（我的目的是发现碳水when wecouldnt findenoughtoeat andmakesurewesurvive.^^she explains6]化合物和脂肪的强化作用，”阿什利・吉尔哈特说她是个心理学家“当我们找不到足够的食物时，进化出的这种口味帮助我们的祖先克服了确保了我们的生存广可知，人们找不到食物时famine,会发生饥荒，是缺少食物，故选famine A细节理解题根据第三段
10.But highlyprocessedfoodsoften haveunnaturallyhighlevelsofbothcarbohydrates andfat/9When wecat thesefoods,we geta quick“hit”of carbohydratesandfatsthat givethe.（但高度加工的食品通常“碳水化合物和brainaboostThatmakesuswanttoeatthemagain andagain脂肪含量都高得不自然:当我们吃这些食物时，我们会迅速吸收碳水化合物和脂肪,它们会促进大脑的运转，让我们想要一次又一次地吃它们户可知，加工食品含有非天然的碳水化合物和脂肪故选D主旨大意题根据第一段（弓|发）
11.“But researchersare findingthat certainfoods cantrigger thesame（但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉）”以及最后一段feelings asdrugs.“Payattention towhat youeat/Gearhardt says.Its bestto getplenty ofnutritious foodsfor yourmind andbody.That doesntmean youcant havea donutor pizzanow andthen.Just besure youreaware ofwhatyou^e注意你吃的东西，’吉尔哈特说’最好为你的身心准备充足的营养食物这并不意味着eating/你不能偶尔吃个甜甜圈或披萨只要确保你知道你在吃什么’）”可知，文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾，本文的最佳标题是摆脱食物成瘾，故选D（河北省新时代教育学年高三试题）
7.NT2023-2024（灵活的）As weall know,insects canbe remarkablyagile inflight.This isreally hardto buildinto flying（无人机）robots,but MITAssistant ProfessorKevin YufengChen hasdeveloped an insect—sized dronethatapproaches insects5agility.Typically,drones requirewide openspaces.If welook atmost dronestoday,theyre usuallyquite big,says Chen.Most oftheir applicationsinvolve flyingoutdoors.The questionis:Can youcreate aninsect-sizeddrone that can move around in very crowded and complexspaces”According toChen,he overcamemany problemswhen buildingthe drone.The insect-sized dronerequiresa fundamentallydifferent constructionfrom alarger one.The largedrone isusually poweredby amotor,but themotor losesefficiency as you shrink it.So,Chen says,“For aninsect-sized drone,you needto（执行器）look for alternatives.The principal alternative until now hasbeen employing a small,rigid actuatorbuilt from new materials.Chen designeda moreagile tinydrone usingsoft actuatorsinstead ofhard ones.Each actuatorcan beatnearly500times persecond andweighs just
0.6gram,approximately themass ofalarge bee.It givesthe droneinsect-like agility.You canhit itwhen itsflying,and itcan recover/9says Chen.“It canalso turn over intheair.The dronelooks abit likea tinycassette tapewith wings,though Chenis alsoworkingona new oneshaped likea dragonfly.Chen sayshis dronecanbeuseful inindustry andagriculture.It canperform machineryinspections toensure safety and function.Its potentialapplications includecompleting search-and-rescue missionsfollowing a disaster.All thosethings canbe verydifficult forexisting large-scale drones,“Chen explains.Sometimes,bigger isntbetter.
12.What isthe disadvantageoftheconventional dronesA.They costtoo much.B.They canonly flyindoors.C.Their constructionis unstable.D.They aretoo largeto enternarrow spaces.
13.What isthe functionoftheactuator designedby ChenA.To powerthe insect-sized drone.B.To makethe new drone lessflexible.C.To makethe new drone easilyturnover.D.To shapethe new drone intoa dragonfly.
14.What isthe lastparagraph mainly aboutA,Safety standardsofthenew drone.B.Possible applicationsofthenewdrone.C.Potential risksofthenewdrone.D.Design conceptofthenewdrone.
15..Which isthe best title forthe textA.An Insect-like SmallDroneB,The Futureof Insect-sized DronesC.How DronesWill Changethe IndustryD.What ProblemsDrone DevelopmentAre Facing【答案】
12.D
13.A
14.B
15.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授研发出一款像昆虫一样Chen的无人机细节理解题根据第二段
12.Typically,drones requirewide openspaces.If welook atmost dronestoday,theyre usuallyquite big/says Chen.Most oftheir applicationsinvolve flyingoutdoors.The questionis:Canyou createaninsect-sized dronethatcanmovearoundinverycrowdedandcomplexspaces，（通常，无人机需要广阔的开放空间’如果我们看看今天的大多数无人机，它们通常都很大，说‘它们Chen的大部分应用都涉及户外飞行问题是你能制造出一架昆虫大小的无人机，让它在非常拥挤和复杂的空间里移动吗？’）可知，传统无人机的缺点是它们太大，无法进入狭窄的空间故选项D细节理解题根据第三段的句子
13.“The largedrone isusually poweredbyamotor,but themotor losesefficiencyasyoushrinkit.So,Chen says,Tor aninsect-sized drone,you needto lookfor alternatives.9The（执行器）principalalternativeuntilnowhasbeenemployingasmall,rigid actuatorbuiltfromnewmaterials..（大型无人机通常由电机Chen designeda moreagile tinydrone usingsoft actuatorsinstead ofhard ones驱动，但当你缩小它时，电机就会失去效率因此，说‘对于昆虫大小的无人机，你需要寻Chen找替代品’到目前为止，主要的替代方案是使用一种由新材料制成的小型刚性驱动器设计Chen了一种更灵活的微型无人机、，使用软驱动器而不是硬驱动器厂可知，设计的驱动器的功能是Chen为昆虫大小的无人机提供动力故选项A主旨大意题根据最后一段的内容
14.“Chen sayshis dronecanbeuseful inindustry andagriculture.It canperform machineryinspections toensuresafetyandfunction.Its potentialapplications includecompletingsearch-and-rescue missionsfollowingadisaster.All thosethings canbe verydifficult fbr（说他的无人机在工业和existing large-scale drones/Chen explains.Sometimes,bigger isntbetter.Chen农业上都很有用它可以进行机械检查，以确保安全和功能它的潜在应用包括完成灾难后的搜索和救援任务’所有这些对于现有的大型无人机来说都是非常困难的，解释说’Chen有时候，越大并不代表越好广可知，最后一段主要是说研制的新型无人机在不同行业的应用Chen故选项B主旨大意题本文介绍了像昆虫一样的无人机的发明、特点以及应用等，所以用项“
15.A An作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合故选Insect-like SmallDrone”A（届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）（柴
8.2024Vehicles onour roadsare nowmostly petroland diesel油）cars,but theirdays cannotcontinue formuch longer.A recentuniversity studyfoundthatcurrent electriccarscould beused for87percent ofdaily carjourneys inthe US.That figurecouldriseto98percent by
2020.One hurdletothewidespread adoptionof electric cars hasbeen“range anxiety”-drivers5concerns aboutrunningout of electricity ona journey.While petrolstations areconveniently locatedacross nationalroadsystems,the necessarynetwork ofelectric chargingstations isstill beingdeveloped.That said,chargingpoints arebecoming increasinglycommon throughoutthe USA.Attitudes towardselectric vehicleshave changedgreatly overthelastfewyears.Not thatlong ago,electric carswere metwith distrust,and theirhigh pricesdrove customersaway.Thanks toimprovements inbatterycapacity,recharging times,performance andprice,the currentgeneration ofelectriccarsare startingto（内燃机）persuade pickyconsumers.Plug-in carswill soongive internalcombustion enginemodels arun fortheirmoney.As wellas developmentontheroad,electric vehiclesare takingtotheseas andskies.Electric boatsareamong theoldest methodsofelectrictravel,having enjoyedseveral decadesof popularityfromthelate19th totheearly20th centurybefore petrol-powered outboardmotors tookover.Now,the globaldrive forrenewableenergy sourcesis bringingelectric boatsback.Steps towardselectric airtravel arealso beingmade,withAirbus andNASA amongthe organizationsdeveloping andtesting battery-powered planes.The experiments（商业的）could soonmake commercialelectric flightaC.Great Mystery:What MakesA ScientistD.Solving Mysteries:Inside AScientists Mind易错分析没有理清第一段和第二段的关系第一段提出疑问，引出话题，第二段提出文章的中心主题，全文围绕其展开说明「【答案】C【解析】文章标题根据第二段“One ofthe greatestmysteries isthe questionofwhatit isabout human一beings---------------brains,education,culture etc.that makesthem capableof doingscience atall,“（第安纳大学的认矢口科学家said ColinAllen,a cognitivescientist atIndiana University.E[J ColinAllen说“最大的谜团之一是，人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究”广结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”C最符合文章标题故选C【变式（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学学年质量检测）1]2023-2024Perhaps youthink youcould easilyadd toyour happinesswith moremoney.Strange asit mayseem,if一youre unsatisfied,the issueis nota lackof meanstomeetyour desiresbut alackofdesires notthat youcannotsatisfy yourtastes butthat youdont haveenough tastes.（能力）Real richesconsist ofwell-developed andhearty capacitiesto enjoylife.Most peopleare already（淹没）swamped withthings.They eat,wear,go andtalk toomuch.They liveia toobig ahouse withtoomany rooms,yet theiihouse of life isa hut.（豪宅），Your house of lifeought tobe amansion aroyal palace.Every newtaste,every additionalinterest,every freshenthusiasm addsa room.Here areseveral roomsyour houseof lifeshould have.Art shouldbeadesire foryou todevelop simplybecause theworld isfullofbeautiful things.If youonlyunderstood howtoenjoythem andfeed yourspirit onthem,they wouldmake you as happyas tofind plentyofhamburgers andeggs whenyoure hungry.Literature,classic literature,isabeautiful,richly furnishedroom whereyou mightfind manyan hourofrest andrefreshment.To gainthat lovewould gotoward makingyou arich person,forarich personis notsomeonewho hasa librarybut wholikes alibrary.Music likeMozarts andBachs shouldn*tbeabsent.Real richesareofthe spirit.And whenyouvebrought thatspirit upto whereclassical musicfeeds itand makesyoualittle drunk,you haveincreased yourthrillsand betteredthem.And life isamatter ofthrills.Sports,without whichyou remainpoor,mean alot inlife.No matterwho youare,you wouldbe morehuman,and your houseoflife wouldbe bettersupported againstthe baddays,if youcould,and did,played abit.Whatever roomsyou mightadd toyourhouseoflife,the secretof enjoyinglifeisto keepadding.What wouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.House ofLife B.Secret ofWealthC.Rest andRefreshment D.Interest andEnthusiasm易错分析第一段没有出现中心主旨句时，慌乱中无中生有，按现实生活去无中生有选择干扰项应当重点关注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主函「【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富，住豪宅，享美食但是他们精神上却是贫穷的，要想得到内心的幸福，需要了解艺术，文学，音乐等等不同的内容来丰富我们的内心世界文章中多次提到把生活比喻为“一所房子”，要想幸“house”,福，必须在这所房子里填满艺术、文学、音乐等精神上的东西项涵盖了这些内A“House ofLife”容故选项A【变式】（安徽省皖江名校联盟年高三联考）22023Well,to pickup wherewe leftoff lasttime.Im certainthat youknow alltoo wellthe dangershiding ontheWorld WideWeb.And whetherits forschoolwork,entertainment,or justsocializing withfriends,theInternet willsurely bea majorpartofyour childslife.So,its importantto securetheir onlinestays.Its notthe easiestthing,but keepingopen linesof communicationis primary.Let themknow they canshare their online activitieswithyou.Talk tothem abouttheir onlinepresence asearly aspossible,ideallybefore theybegin touse email,social media,orasmartphone.Discuss whatthey findinteresting onlineandlearning fromthem aboutpopular websitesand apps;this willcreateunderstanding andallow youto identifypotential risks.Next,monitor withoutspying.Most kidslearn tounderstand boundaries,like respectingothers personalspace,ornotopening thecookie jarwithout asking.Internet useisnodifferent.Its helpfulfor kidsto havegroundrules asto whichwebsites theycan visit,which appstheycanuse,and whattheycanshare online.Remind themthat ifthey feeluneasy withanything thatoccurs online,theyneedto alertan adultimmediately.What isthebesttitleforthetextA.What IsHidden onthe NetB.How toMake OnlineStaysC.Be aSmarter InternetUser D.Keep YourKids SafeOnline【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段“（因此，确保他们在So,its importantto securetheironlinestays.网上的安全是很重要的）”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议由此可知，（保证你的孩子安全上网）”作为文章标题最为合适故选“Keep YourKids SafeOnlineDo【变式］（福建省泉州科技中学年高三试题）32023Stuck insidehis roomatanassisted livingcenter,Bob Colemanknew hecould notgo outin publicwith（疫）.the epidemicBut hewas notcut offfrom outside:he sharedhis lovefor countrymusic overthe Internet.Hello,everybody.IV sa brightday inTennessee Jhe saidinto hismicrophone.“This isBob Coleman,coming toyou fromRoom
3325../\Then Colemanbegan toplay themusic heloves-hits fromcountry musicstars.The88-year-old carefullychooses eachsong.（流行音乐播音员），Coleman andseveral otherretirees haveturned intoDJs foranewonline radiohourknownas“Radio Recliner.A marketingcompany calledLuckie cameup withthe ideaof RadioRecliner.Listeners cansend songrequests inhonor offamily orfriends.For example,listeners mighthear amessagelike this:Hey,Granny.This isyour favoritegranddaughter Amy.We justwanted tocall inand saywelove you.The60-minute showstarted withretirees inmiddle Tennessee.It hassince expanded,withresidents ofassisted-living centersinotherstates takingpart inthe project.Many jumpedatthechance towork asa DJto easethe lonelinessof socialdistancing rules.Mitch Bennettserves asLuckies chiefcreative officer.He saysthe ideawas toprovide a sense ofcommunityto olderpeople.“For thisgeneration,radio wasthe originalsocial media,“Bennett said,Dedicating asong tosomeone youlove andhaving themhear italong witheveryone elseisaspecial wayofconnecting.In Georgia,80-year-old EdRosenblatt,who hadmade fullpreparations forhis show,said anhour hespentplaying songson Radio Recliner resultedinafloodoftext messages,emails andcalls fromfamily andfriends,and manyofthemessages werefrom peoplehe hadnot heardfrom foryears.Whats thebesttitleforthetextA.Older AdultsNeed MoreCare During the EpidemicB.Older Adults,Stuck bythe Epidemic,Turn IntoDJsC.Older AdultsWere BusyWith MusicDuringthe EpidemicD.Older Adults,Stuck bytheEpidemic,Show MusicTalents【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知，文章主要讲述疫情期间老人们积极参与成为RadioRecliner音乐通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，以及更多地与朋友和家人联系故项“受疫情困DJ,B扰，老年人成为可以作为本文的最佳标题故选DJ”B【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点［例］（江苏省徐州市第七中学年高三期中试题）22023As akid growingup ina suburbof London.I lovedto golooking forthe perfectpark bench.SomeSunday mornings,my dadcouldbepersuaded todrive tonew parks.Wed havea kick-around witha soccerball,share abag ofDoritos andcheck outall thebenches inthe area,reading the words onthem.（怀旧）The goodpark benchleaves meina state,somewhere betweennostalgia andeager anticipation.Where onceI wasexcited bythewordscarved onwood,I nowfind,asa10-year-old,that Immore（坦然淡定），appreciative ofeach benchsquiet stoicismthe waytheyarewilling towait outtheir turninevery weather,remaining availableto all-comers.Like agood bookor pieceof music,a park bench allowsfor（独处）asenseof solitudeand communityatthesame time,which iscrucial tolife ina greatcity.Part ofmy obsessionwith park benches isas spaceswhere historysettles.By plantingseeds ofcuriosity,and makingspace forreflection,parkbenchesbecome doors tothepast.Maybe thatsthe greatestpower ofthe parkbench:its capacityencourages the artof observation.A goodbench catchesus inour quietest,most（脆弱的）vulnerable moments,when we maybe open to imagining newnarratives and revisiting old ones.Our masksare takenoff,hung fromthe benchswrought iron.On othernearby benches,babies arebeingburped.Glances exchanged.Sandwiches eaten.Newspapers readit.Which aspectof parkbenches doesparagraph3focus onA.Design.B.History.C.Location.D.Power.易错分析容易出现文不对题，找错位置同时对文中长句不会分析句子结构，曲解文意，提炼关键词错误「【答案】D【解析】段落大意题根据第三段的“By plantingseeds ofcuriosity,and makingspace forreflection,parkbenches becomedoorstothepast.Maybe thatsthe greatestpower oftheparkbench:its capacityencourages（脆弱的）theartofobservation.A goodbench catchesus inour quietest,most vulnerablemoments,when.（通过播下好奇心的种子，为反思wemaybeopentoimaginingnew nanauvesandrevisitingoldones提供空间，公园长椅成为通往过去的大门也许这就是公园长凳最大的力量它的性能促进了观察的艺术一张好的长凳能在我们最安静、最脆弱的时刻抓住我们，这时我们可能会想象新的纳米机器人，并重温旧的纳米机器人厂可知，第三段主要讲的是长凳的力量，故选D【变式］（重庆市第八中学学年高考适应性试题）12023-2024The Yurokpeople havelived alongthe Klamath River,which flowsfromtheCascades inOregonsouthwest throughNorthern California,for thousandsof years,protecting theregion andriver fromwhich一一（生计）.they andothers drawsustenanceBut asdevelopment andpollution continueto reducethe numberof fishintheriver andthe quantityandquality of its waters,the YurokTribe islegalizing（合法彳七）the tribe9s longstandingcare by granting theRightsof PersonhoodtotheKlamath,the firstriver inNorth Americato have such rights declared.What isparagraph2mainlyaboutA.The processof legalization.B.The traditionof Yuroktribe.C.The reasonbehind the legalization.D.The importanceoftheKlamathRiver.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题根据第二段“But asdevelopment andpollution continueto reducethe numberof fish（合法化）intheriver andthe quantityand qualityofitswaters,the YurokTribe islegalizing thetribeslongstanding carebygrantingthe Rightsof PersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriver inNorth Americato」但是，随着开发和污染不断减少河中鱼类的数量，以及河水的数量和质量，havesuchrightsdeclared尤洛克部落通过授予克拉马斯河人格权利，将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，这是北美第一条宣布拥有这种权利的河流）“可知，随着开发和污染的持续，尤洛克部落将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，由此可知，本段主要讲述了这一举措的背景故选项c【变式］（江苏省决胜新高考学年高三月大联考）22023-202410The term“beer goggles“is saidto havebeen coinedby maleNorth Americanuniversity studentsinthe（醉酒）1980s.Yet despiteunconfirmed evidenceforthephenomenon,the linkbetween alcoholintoxicationand physicalattraction hasnot beensystematically studied.Prof BowdringoftheUniversity ofPittsburgh invited18pairs ofmale friendsinto thelaboratory toratethe attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos.On oneoccasion,both menweregiven enoughcranberry juiceto raisetheir bloodalcohol concentrationtoabout
0.08%-thelegallimit fordrivingin England-and onthe otheroccasion,they bothreceived anon-alcoholic drink.After providingattractivenessratings forthe photos,they wereasked toselect whichof theseindividuals theywould mostliketo interactwith ina futureexperiment.What isparagraph2ofthetextmainlyaboutA.The comparisonof twoexperiments.B・The processof Bowdringsexperiment.C.The underlyinglogic ofbeer goggleseffect.D.The methodsof appreciatingattractiveness.易错分析缺乏对段落主题句在首句的关注度，长难句结构划分容易出错，故而引起曲解文意【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题根据第二段中的“Prof BowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburgh invited18pairsof.male friendsinto thelaboratory torate theattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos（匹兹堡大学的鲍德林教授邀请了对男性朋友进入实验室，让他们对照片和视频中男性和女性18的吸引力进行打分户可知，让研究对象进入实验室开始进行研究，结合下文中介绍ProfBowdring别让这些研究对象一部分喝含有酒精的饮料和另一部分喝不含酒精的饮料，以及“After providingattractivenessratings forthe photos,they wereasked toselect whichof theseindividuals theywould mostlike」在提供了照片的吸引力评级后，他们被要求在这些人中选择他to interactwith ina futureexperiment们在未来的实验中最愿意与之互动的人厂可知，给他们提供照片的吸引力评级后，让他们选择在未来实验中最愿意与之互动的人，综合以上信息可知，第二段讲述的是研究的过程故选项B【变式】（广东省珠海市第三中学年高三试题）32023In mytwenties,when Iwas almostconstantly inastateof anxiety,I neverwent onholiday.Iwasscaredof flying,scared ofmy bossnoticing howmuch nicerlife waswithoutmeintheoffice.I thoughtnotgoingonholiday mademeaharderworker,when actuallyit justmademeamoretiredone.Then,a bosspulled measidetotellmethathewasntgoingtothankmefor nottakingmyholidays.I thenbooked acheap beachholidaywithafriend,and wasgenuinely amazedtofindI feltmuch betterforit.What isparagraph4mainlyabout。
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