be动词用法教学课件

动词用法教学课件be什么是动词？bebe动词是英语中最基本、最常用的动词之一，它在句子中主要表示是、在、存在等含义作为系动词，它的主要功能是连接主语与表语，用来表示人或事物的身份、状态或属性在英语语法体系中，be动词占据着核心位置，是构建各种句型和时态的基础初学者必须牢固掌握be动词的变化形式和基本用法，才能正确表达简单的英语句子be动词虽然简单，但用法多样，可以表示•身份He is a teacher.•特征She isbeautiful.•状态The weatheris nicetoday.•位置They are in theclassroom.动词的基本形式be现在时过去时动词在现在时有三种形式动词在过去时有两种形式be be第一人称单数第一人称单数和第三人称单数•am•was第三人称单数第二人称单数和所有复数•is•were第二人称单数和所有复数•are例句I wasbusy yesterday.They werelate.例句I amhappy.She issmart.They are friends.过去分词现在分词动词的过去分词只有一种形式动词的现在分词只有一种形式be beenbe being主要用于完成时态中常用于进行时态和一些特殊结构中例句例句She has been toBeijing.We have been friendsfor years.Thank youfor beingso helpful.He isbeing silly.的用法口诀am,is,are记忆口诀我是am（I am...）你是are（You are...）is跟他她它（He/She/It is...）复数全用are（We/You/They are...）这个简单的口诀能够帮助学生快速记住be动词现在时形式与不同人称的搭配规则通过反复诵读和练习，学生可以形成条件反射，在实际使用中正确选择am,is,are这张图表直观地展示了am,is,are与不同人称的搭配关系，帮助学生更容易记忆动词的主语人称配合be第一人称单数第二人称用用I amYou are例句例句I ama student.You are my friend.否定否定I am not Im not tired.You are not arentright.疑问疑问Am Ilate Are you ready复数人称第三人称单数用用We/They areHe/She/It is例句例句We areclassmates.They are busy.He is tall.She iskind.It isred.否定否定We are not arentlate.He is not isnthere.疑问疑问Are theyat homeIs she a teacher动词的时态变化be现在时与过去时对比例句人称现在时过去时I amhappy now.→I washappy yesterday.I amwasShe is a teacher.→She wasa teacherlast year.You are were They arebusytoday.→They werebusy last week.It iscold.→It wascold yesterday.He/She/It iswasWe are at school.→We wereat school this morning.We arewereYou复数are wereThey are werebe动词的时态变化遵循以下规则•am/is在过去时变为was•are在过去时变为were掌握这一变化规律对于正确表达过去的状态或身份至关重要动词的陈述句be陈述句基本结构be动词的陈述句遵循主语+be动词+表语的基本结构表语部分可以是名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语等，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态或位置12表示身份表示特征表语为名词，说明是什么表语为形容词，说明怎么样She is a doctor.The bookis interesting.I ama student.These flowersare beautiful.They areteachers.He istall andstrong.34表示位置表示状态表语为介词短语，说明在哪里表语多样，说明处于什么状态My motheris in the kitchen.The dooris open.The childrenare at school.I amready forthe test.The bookis on the desk.They areasleep.动词的否定句be否定句基本结构be动词的否定句遵循主语+be动词+not+表语的基本结构只需在be动词后加上否定词not，即可将陈述句变为否定句否定句的完整形式I am not a teacher.He is not at home.They are not my friends.She is not happy.We arenot late for class.否定句的缩写形式•Im not a teacher.He isntat home.否定句的注意事项They arentmy friends.She isnthappy.

1.not必须紧跟在be动词后面，不能放在其他位置We arentlate forclass.

2.当主语是第一人称单数I时，否定形式是am not，没有缩写形式注意am not没有对应的缩写形式

3.其他人称的否定缩写形式为•isnot=isnt•arenot=arent•was not=wasnt•were not=werentbe动词的疑问句陈述句主语+be动词+表语•You are ready.•She isa doctor.•They areat home.变换规则将be动词提前到主语前面句末加问号语调上扬疑问句be动词+主语+表语+•Are youready•Is shea doctor•Are theyat home疑问句的类型一般疑问句特殊疑问句需要用yes或no回答的问题以疑问词开头的问题•Are youa student•Where are you from•Is heyour brother•What isyour name•Are theyfrom China•Who isthat man•How oldis shebe动词简答句简答句的结构简答句例子be动词的简答句用于回答一般疑问句，遵循以下结构对am的回答肯定回答问Am IlateYes+主语+be动词肯定Yes,you are.否定回答否定No,you arent./No,youre not.No+主语+be动词+not（注意回答中用you而不是I）简答句是英语口语交流中的重要部分，能够简洁有效地表达态度和意见在回答时，必须使用与问句中相同的主语和相应的be动词形式对is的回答问Is sheyour sister肯定Yes,she is.否定No,she isnt./No,shes not.对are的回答问Are theystudents肯定Yes,they are.否定No,they arent./No,theyre not.be动词在进行时中的用法现在进行时的构成现在进行时由be动词现在时+动词ing形式构成，用来表示正在进行的动作基本结构主语+am/is/are+动词ing形式+其他成分例句I amreading a book.He iswatching TV.They areplaying football.She isstudying Englishnow.We arehaving lunch.在这种结构中，be动词起到辅助作用，表示时态，而主要动词的ing形式表示具体的动作进行时的变化现在进行时过去进行时am/is/are+动词ing was/were+动词ingI amwriting aletter now.I wasreading whenshe called.She iscooking dinnerat themoment.They wereplaying footballat4p.m.yesterday.They areworking ona newproject.She wassleeping whenthe phonerang.表示说话时正在进行的动作表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作将来进行时will be+动词ingI will be waitingfor youat thestation.She will be studyingat thistime tomorrow.They will be travelingnext week.表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作进行时的时间状语现在进行时常用时间状语过去进行时常用时间状语•now现在•at thistime yesterday昨天这个时候•at themoment此刻•when...当...的时候•right now就在此刻•while...在...期间•currently当前•at thatmoment在那一刻•nowadays如今•all dayyesterday昨天一整天动词在被动语态中的用法be被动语态的基本结构被动语态例句被动语态由be动词+动词的过去分词构成，用来表示主语是动作的承受者而非执行者现在时被动语态结构公式English isspoken allover theworld.主语+be动词+过去分词+by+执行者These booksare soldin many countries.不同时态的被动语态The dooris lockedevery night.•现在时am/is/are+过去分词•过去时was/were+过去分词过去时被动语态•将来时willbe+过去分词The housewas builtin

1990.•现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词The letterswere sentyesterday.The windowwas brokenby thestorm.将来时被动语态The meetingwillbeheld nextMonday.The bookswillbedelivered tomorrow.A newschool willbe builtnext year.完成时中的形式be现在完成时1have/has+been+其他成分She hasbeen toBeijing twice.2过去完成时They have been friendsfor tenyears.I have been a teacher since

2010.had+been+其他成分He hadbeen illfor aweek beforehe sawthe doctor.将来完成时3They hadbeen married for20years whenthey divorced.will have+been+其他成分I hadbeen there before you arrived.By nextmonth,I willhavebeena studenthere forfive years.They willhavebeenmarriedfor25years nextJune.She willhavebeen in Beijing for aweek bythe timeyouarrive.完成时中been的特殊用法表示去过某地表示一直在某地have/has+been+to+地点have/has+been+in/at+地点I havebeen toShanghai.I havebeen in Beijingforfive years.She hasbeen toAmerica twice.He hasbeen at school sincemorning.They havenever beento thatmuseum.They havebeeninthis companysince

2015.表示去过某地然后回来了表示一直在某地直到现在陈述句与疑问句结构对比陈述句结构陈述句遵循主语+be动词+表语的基本结构例句You aremy friend.She isa doctor.They areat home.I amhappy.He istall.疑问句结构疑问句遵循be动词+主语+表语的基本结构例句句型转换技巧Are youmy friendIs shea doctor陈述句Are theyat homeYou aremy friend.Am IhappyIs hetall疑问句Are youmyfriend陈述句变疑问句的步骤

1.将be动词am/is/are/was/were提到主语前面

2.句末加问号

3.注意语调要上扬动词的否定句结构be123am的否定is的否定are的否定I amnot Imnot a teacher.He isnot isntmy brother.You arenot arentlate.I amnot Imnot at home.She isnot isnta doctor.We arenot arentstudents.I amnot Imnot happy.It isnot isnteasy.They arenot arentatschool.注意amnot没有进一步的缩写形式The bookisnotisnt on the desk.The childrenarenotarent playing.否定句的注意事项否定词位置缩写形式否定词not必须紧跟在be动词后面，不能放在其他位置在口语和非正式场合，通常使用缩写形式正确She isnot happy.•isnot=isnt•arenot=arent错误She notis happy./Not she is happy.•was not=wasnt•were not=werent但amnot没有对应的缩写形式（不能写成amnt）现在时与过去时对比主语现在时be过去时be例句对比I amwas I am busynow./I wasbusy yesterday.You arewere You are late./You werelate lasttime.He/She/It iswas She isa teacher./She wasateacherlast year.We arewere We arefriends./We werefriends incollege.You复数arewereYou areall right./You wereall wrongthen.They arewere They areat home./They wereat homelast night.时态变化规律现在时变过去时规则时间状语的变化•am→was表示时态的另一个重要因素是时间状语的变化•is→was•now→then/at thattime/yesterday•are→were•today→yesterday/that day记忆口诀•this week→lastweek•this year→last year现在用am,is,are•nowadays→in thosedays过去用was和were单数was复数were变化就是这么简单动词的特殊功能be强调结构被动语态进行时态使用It is/was...that/who...结构强调句子中的某一部分作为被动语态的构成部分，与动词的过去分词连用作为进行时态的辅助动词，与动词的ing形式连用It isMary whocalled youyesterday.强调人The letteris writtenby Tom.I amreading a book now.It wasin Beijingthat wefirst met.强调地点The windowwas brokenin thestorm.She issinging asong.It isbecause heworks hardthat hesucceeds.强调原因English isspoken inmanycountries.They wereplaying footballwhen itstarted torain.其他特殊用法表示年龄表示职业使用be动词+数字表示年龄使用be动词+职业名称表示职业I am15years old.He isadoctor.She is

20.They areteachers.How oldareyouWhat isyour father表示价格表示时间使用be动词+金额表示价格使用be动词+时间表达时间The bookis50yuan.It is8oclock.How muchis thispen Whattime isitThese shoesare veryexpensive.The meetingis at2p.m.常见情景示例介绍自己1自我介绍介绍职业介绍关系使用I am+名字介绍自己的名字使用主语+be动词+a/an+职业介绍职业使用主语+be动词+关系词介绍人物关系I amTony./My nameis Tony.She isa nurse.They arefriends.I amLisa Wang.My fatherisadoctor.He ismy brother.Hello,I amProfessor Zhang.They areteachers atthis school.Mrs.Liu isour Englishteacher.可以进一步扩展为提问职业What isyour job/What doyou doJack andRose areclassmates.I amTony.I am12years old.I amfrom Beijing.提问关系Who isthat man/What isyourrelationship withhim对话练习A:Hello!Whats your nameB:Hi!I amZhang Wei.Whats yournameA:I amLi Ming.Are youa newstudent hereB:Yes,I am.I amin Class3,Grade

2.What aboutyouA:I amin Class

1.We are in thesame grade.This ismyfriend,Wang Fang.She is in myclass too.B:Nice tomeet youboth.Is that man ourEnglish teacherA:Yes,heis.His nameis Mr.Chen.常见情景示例2描述状态描述身体状态使用主语+be动词+形容词描述身体或精神状态He istired afterthe longtrip.I amhungry.Lets havelunch.They arethirsty afterthe game.She issleepy inclass.We areexhausted fromthe hike.描述情绪状态使用主语+be动词+形容词描述情绪或心情I amhappy aboutthe goodnews.She issad becauseshe failedthe test.They areexcited aboutthe trip.He isnervous beforethe speech.We areproud ofour son.常见疑问句与解答12关于物品关于位置问Is thisyour pen问Are theyat home肯定回答Yes,it is.肯定回答Yes,they are.否定回答No,it isnt./No,its not.否定回答No,they arent./No,theyre not.问Are theseyour books问Is yourmother in the kitchen肯定回答Yes,they are.肯定回答Yes,she is.否定回答No,they arent./No,theyre not.否定回答No,she isnt./No,shes not.34关于状态关于身份问Are youready问Issheyour sister肯定回答Yes,I am.肯定回答Yes,she is.否定回答No,Imnot.否定回答No,she isnt./No,shes not.问Is theweather nicetoday问Are youstudents肯定回答Yes,it is.肯定回答Yes,we are.否定回答No,it isnt./No,its not.否定回答No,we arent./No,were not.特殊疑问句与回答What什么Where哪里问What isthis问Where isyour pen答It isabook.答It is on the desk.问What arethose问Where arethe children答They arechairs.答They are in theplayground.问What isyournameWho谁答My nameis Wang Li./I amWangLi.问Who isthatman答He ismy father.问Who arethose people答They aremy friends.be动词与位置表达基本结构位置表达例句使用主语+be动词+介词短语来表达人或物的位置这种结构是英语中表达位置的最基本方式室内位置常用介词The catis under the table.•in在...里面My bagis on the chair.•on在...上面，有接触The booksarein the bookcase.•under在...下面The pictureis onthe wall.•behind在...后面The dogis besidethe sofa.•in front of在...前面户外位置•beside/next to在...旁边•between在...之间The childrenarein the park.•above在...上方，无接触The carisinfrontofthe house.•near在...附近The treesare behindthe school.•at在某处，某点The birdsare onthe roof.The flowersarein the garden.人物位置I amathome.She isin thekitchen.They areatschool.He isinBeijing.We arein theclassroom.对话练习A:Where ismy pencilcaseB:It is on yourdesk.A:No,it isntthere.Oh,it isunderthebook.B:Where areour classmatesA:They areinthe library.Miss Wangis withthem.B:Is thelibrary onthe firstfloorA:No,it isonthesecond floor,next tothe computerroom.习惯用法与表达时间相关状态感受情绪心情•be late迟到-I amlate forclass.•be hungry饥饿-The childrenare hungryafter play.•be happy高兴-She isalways happy.•be early早到-She isalways earlyfor meetings.•be thirsty口渴-I amthirsty.Can Ihave somewater•be sad伤心-They aresad aboutthe news.•be on time准时-Its importantto beontime.•be tired疲劳-He istired afterworking allday.•be angry生气-My fatheris angrywith me.•be in a hurry匆忙-We areinahurry tocatch thetrain.•be cold/hot冷/热-It iscold today./I amhot inthis room.•be afraid害怕-The littleboy isafraid ofdogs.性格特征表达•be quiet安静的-Please bequiet inthelibrary.•be noisy吵闹的-The childrenare noisyintheplayground.•be kind善良的-My grandmotheris verykind toeveryone.•be clever/smart聪明的-She isclever atsolving mathproblems.•be lazy懒惰的-He islazy aboutdoing homework.•be hardworking勤奋的-Those studentsare hardworking.•be shy害羞的-The newstudent isshy inclass.•be friendly友好的-Our neighborsare friendlyto us.be动词错用分析常见错误类型be动词与实义动词并用错误He isplay football.正确He isplaying football.错误I amgo to school.正确I amgoing toschool.说明be动词后接动词时，动词必须用ing形式，构成进行时be动词人称配合错误错误He area student.正确He isa student.错误They ishappy.正确They arehappy.说明be动词必须与主语的人称和数保持一致be动词缺失错误She very beautiful.正确She isverybeautiful.错误I hungry now.正确I amhungrynow.说明英语句子中必须有谓语动词，如果表示状态，必须使用be动词其他常见错误疑问句词序错误错误Youareateacher正确Are youateacher说明be动词疑问句必须将be动词置于主语前否定句结构错误错误He notisa student.正确He isnota student.be动词与实义动词的区分be动词特点实义动词特点•be动词本身没有实际意义，主要表示是在存在等•实义动词有具体的动作或状态含义•be动词后接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等作表语•实义动词可以直接表示动作•be动词可以独立作谓语•实义动词有原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等形式•be动词有多种变化形式am,is,are,was,were,been,being•实义动词单独作谓语时，不需要其他谓语动词•be动词可以作为助动词构成进行时和被动语态实义动词例句be动词例句I workhere.直接表示动作I ama student.后接名词She studiesEnglish.第三人称单数She isbeautiful.后接形容词They playedfootball yesterday.过去式The bookisonthe desk.后接介词短语We havefinished ourhomework.完成时We areintheclassroom.后接介词短语The birdssing beautifully.表示习惯动作I amworking hard.构成进行时The windowwas broken.构成被动语态对比句例易混结构对比正确错误错误原因She issinging.She singing.缺少be动词作为进行时的辅助动词Theyarenot here.They nothere.缺少be动词作为谓语Are youready Youareready疑问句中be动词未提前He isa student.He astudent.缺少be动词连接主语和表语We wereathomeyesterday.Weareathomeyesterday.时态错误，过去时应用were而非areShe isgood at swimming.She goodatswimming.缺少be动词表示状态The bookisonthedesk.The bookonthedesk.缺少be动词表示位置I amfrom China.I fromChina.缺少be动词表示来源易混点分析be动词省略疑问句结构混淆许多中国学生受汉语思维影响，容易省略be动词在汉语中，我们说我学生，但英语必须说I amastudent错误Youarea teacherbe动词与实义动词混用正确Areyouateacher错误She isgo toschool.注意英语疑问句必须把be动词提前，不能只靠语调变化正确She isgoing toschool.或She goestoschool.否定句位置错误注意be动词和实义动词不能直接连用，要么构成进行时，要么只用一种动词错误He notistall.正确He isnot tall.注意否定词not必须紧跟在be动词后面小测试练习一填空题选择适当的be动词am,is,are,was,were填空

1.I_______astudent.

2.She_______my sister.

3.They_______intheclassroom now.

4.We_______busy yesterday.

5.The book_______onthedesk.

6.You_______lateforschoolthismorning.

7.He_______happy aboutthe news.

8.The children_______playing inthe parknow.

9.It_______cold yesterday.

10.My parents_______teachers.选择题选择正确的选项

1.Which iscorrect•A.He arehungry.•B.He ishungry.

2.Which iscorrect•A.They isstudents.•B.Theyarestudents.

3.Which iscorrect•A.I amreading abook.•B.I readingabook.小测试练习二句子改写将下列句子改写成否定句和疑问句

1.He istall.•否定句____________________•疑问句____________________

2.Theyarestudents.•否定句____________________•疑问句____________________

3.Iamhappy.•否定句____________________•疑问句____________________

4.Sheisinthegarden.•否定句____________________•疑问句____________________

5.It wascold yesterday.•否定句____________________•疑问句____________________常用口诀回顾句型变化口诀陈述句，主语在前动词后变疑问，动词提前问一问否定句，be后加not表否定简答句，Yes/No加主语动词来回应进行时口诀现在进行be加ing表示此刻正在做某事过去进行was/were加ing表示当时正在做某事被动语态口诀被动语态be加过去分词主语是动作的承受者不同时态be不同灵活运用不费劲人称与be动词的搭配我是am，你是are，is跟着他她它总结与学习建议be动词的重要性be动词是英语中最基础、最常用的动词之一，它的正确使用是英语学习的第一步掌握be动词，能够帮助学生表达基本的身份、状态、属性和位置，为进一步学习更复杂的语法打下坚实基础主要用法回顾常见错误提醒学习建议•表示身份、特征、状态•省略be动词•大量阅读和听力练习•构成各种时态和语态•人称搭配错误•多说多写，实际运用•与不同人称的正确搭配•be动词与实义动词混用•分析和纠正错误•在陈述句、疑问句、否定句中的应用•疑问句结构混淆•使用口诀辅助记忆•与位置表达、情感状态等的组合用法•否定句位置错误•注意母语思维干扰•时态使用不当进阶学习方向掌握be动词的基本用法后，可以进一步学习

1.be动词在各种时态中的应用（完成时、完成进行时等）

2.情态动词与be动词的搭配（can be,may be,should be等）

3.therebe结构的使用

4.be goingto结构表示将来

5.复杂句型中be动词的应用。