情态动词must的教学课件

情态动词的教学课件must的定义与情态动词简介must情态动词是英语中表达说话人对动作或状态的态度、看法的特殊动词类别作为must核心情态动词之一，具有以下特点表达功能形态特点主要表达主观肯定、必须、推测无词形变化，不受主语人称、数的影等语义，传递说话人强烈的主观判断响，不添加等词尾-s/-es/-ed句法特点的语法结构must基本句型结构形态特征动词原形无人称变化must+•He/She/It must...无数的变化•I/We/They must...例I mustgo now.无时态变化没有形式•musted例She muststudy harder.不能单独作谓语✗•*I must.的基本意义梳理must表示必须（义务/命令）表示肯定推测（高度把握）语气特点表达说话人认为某事必须完成的主观判断，表达说话人对某事的高度肯定推测，接近语气强烈，带有明显的主观色彩，强调说强调内在义务或责任的确定话人的态度和判断100%例例Students mustarrive ontime.Youve beenworking allday.Youmust be exhausted.义务用法表示必须义务用法要点典型例句表示强制性的义务、规定或命令，常用You must finish yourhomework于before watchingTV.表达规章制度•All staffmust wearuniforms表达强烈要求during workinghours.•表达不可推卸的责任•Students mustsubmit theirassignmentsby Friday.We mustrespect ourelders.推测用法表示肯定推测用法要点典型例句表示说话人对现在或过去情况的肯定性You must be tired after sucha long推测，接近的把握100%trip.基于明显的证据或迹象•He must be thenew manager.表达强烈的主观判断Everyone listensto him.•常与动词或行为动词连用•beThe lightis on.They must be athome.She speaksperfect Chinese.Shemust have lived in China before.语气对比主观与客观must更主观have to更客观强调说话人的主观意愿、判断或态度强调客观环境或外部条件的要求例例I mustfinish this report tonight.I have to finish thisreporttonight.（表达说话人认为必须完成，源于内心的强烈意愿）（表达客观情况要求必须完成，如老板的命令或截止日期）的否定形式mustmust notmustnt=绝对禁止的否定形式表示禁止做某事，而非不必做某事这是学习者最常见的must mustnt误区之一表示禁止你不得在此吸烟You mustntsmoke here.学生不得在课堂上使用手机Students mustntuse phonesin class.表示强烈警告你绝对不能碰那根电线，很危You mustnttouch thatwire.Its dangerous.险与的比较must neednt/dont have tomustnt禁止neednt/dont have to没必要表示绝对不允许做某事表示不必做某事，是可选的例你绝对不能把这件事告例你不必早来You mustnttell anyoneabout this.You dont have tocome early.诉任何人这一区别极为重要，错误使用可能导致严重的沟通问题疑问句用法must疑问句构成回答方式肯定回答将置于句首，主语提前must主语动词原形是的，必须Must++...Yes,you must.例否定回答Must wefinish ittoday例Must Iattend themeeting不，不必No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.时态限制must1现在/将来时只能用于现在或将来的语境must例我今天必须完成这个I mustfinish thistoday.2过去时例我们明天必须早点离We mustleave earlytomorrow.开没有过去时形式，需要用替代must had to例我昨天必须完成它I had to finishit yesterday.例她必须为考试She had to study hard forthe exam.努力学习推测用法与句型归纳推测用法的基本结构现在推测结构动词原形must+be/1例她现在肯定在家She must be athome now.例他肯定知道答案He mustknow theanswer.过去推测结构过去分词must+have+例他们肯定已经到了They must have arrivedalready.必须用法扩展命令劝告/强烈推荐规定与要求除了表达义务外，还可用于表达强烈的推荐或建议，语气比在公告、标志或规章制度中，常用于表达强制性要求must shouldmust更强烈例句Visitors mustregister at the receptiondesk.例句You mustsee thismovie!Its amazing!例句All applicationsmustbesubmitted beforeMay1st.例句You musttry theseafood atthis restaurant.语用场景切换训练校园场景家庭场景公司场景Students mustwear schooluniforms You must cleanyour roombefore Employeesmust attendthe weeklyonMondays.going out.meeting.You musthand inyour assignmentby We must savemoney forour vacation.You mustsubmit yourreport byFriday.tomorrow.Mom must have prepareddinnerThe teachermustbein ameeting now.already.The bossmustbeupset aboutthesales figures.练习分组进行角色扮演，在不同场景中使用表达要求或推测每组准备个句子，注意区分必须用法和推测用法must3-5典型易错点一否定误用常见错误正确用法误将理解为不必禁止mustntmustnt=错误例句意图表达你不不必You mustntgo ifyou dontwant to.neednt/donthave to=必去正确例句你不必去You donthaveto go ifyou dontwant to.正确例句你不得去那里，You mustntgo there.Its dangerous.很危险典型易错点二时态混用123错误使用must的过去时正确使用had to表达过去必须正确使用must have+过去分词表达过去推测错误例句正确例句Yesterday,I mustYesterday,I had to finish✗✓正确例句finished my homework.myhomework.She must have gone✓home early.错误例句正确例句She mustwent toschool Shehad to go toschool✗✓正确例句last week.last week.They must have finished✓the projectalready.与用法详细对比musthaveto对比项musthaveto主观色彩强（说话人主观意愿）弱（客观环境要求）过去式无（需用代替）had tohadto否定意义禁止（）无必要（）mustnt donthaveto使用情景内心强迫或个人权威外部规则或客观需要例句我必须更努力学习我不得不早起I muststudy harder.I haveto getup early.理解这些区别有助于在实际交流中更准确地表达不同类型的义务和必要性推测用法专项训练现在推测训练过去推测训练结构动词原形结构过去分词must+must+have+例例He lookspale.He mustbe ill.It musthave rainedlast night.The groundis wet.例The lightsare on.They must例be athome.She musthave studiedhard.She gotfull marks.例She knowsall theanswers.She例mustbe very intelligent.He musthave missedthe bus.Thats whyhes late.例Its snowingoutside.It mustbe例very cold.They musthave gonehome.Their carisnt here.推测的过去时表达基本结构实例分析更多例句过去分词她肯定已经离开了must+have+She musthave left.He musthave forgottenour他肯定忘记了我们的约会appointment.表示对过去发生事情的肯定性推测说话人根据现有证据（如她不在场），→对过去事件作出的肯定推测They musthave finishedthe work.他们肯定已完Everything looksready.成工作，一切看起来都准备好了You musthave workedvery hard.你肯定非常The resultsare excellent.努力，结果很出色课堂练习一句型填空根据上下文和句意，在空白处填入适当的情态动词或情态动词短语必须类

1.You_____finish yourreport today.The deadlinecannot beextended.

2.All visitors_____register atthe receptiondesk.

3.Students_____wear schooluniforms onMonday.

4.We_____leave nowor wellmiss thetrain.推测类

1.He_____be thenew mathteacher.Hes carryingmany textbooks.

2.Its already10p.m.The children_____be asleepby now.

3.Youve beenworking for12hours.You_____beexhausted.

4.She speaksperfect English.She_____havelivedabroad.补充练习二纠错题识别错误改正错误找错误去掉

1.You mustntto go.

1.You mustntgo.to找错误用过去分

2.They mustwent home already.

2.They musthave gonehomealready.musthave+词找错误

3.I must to finishthis work.去掉

3.I mustfinishthiswork.to找错误

4.She muststudies hard.用动词原形

4.She muststudyhard.找错误

5.We mustbe goingto theparty yesterday.用替换

5.We hadtogoto theparty yesterday.hadtomust相关固定搭配must常见搭配使用例句必看的这是所有英语学•must-seeThis isa must-read bookfor allEnglish learners.习者必读的书必备的•must-have必读的•must-read长城是中国必看The GreatWall isa must-see attractioninChina.•must-do必做的的景点必去的•must-visit一份好简历是求职者A goodresume isa must-have forjob seekers.必备的参观博物馆Visiting themuseum isa must-do activityin thiscity.是在这座城市必做的活动在日常会话中的使用must表达强烈意愿或歉意表达建议或邀请表达推测或结论我必须I mustapologize forbeing late.You musttry thisdish!Its delicious!You mustbe joking!That cantbe true.为迟到道歉你一定要尝尝这道菜！很美味！你肯定是在开玩笑吧！那不可能是真的你I mustsay,that wasan excellentYou mustcome visitus sometime.He mustbeveryproud ofhis daughter.我不得不说，那是一场精彩一定要找时间来拜访我们他肯定为他的女儿感到非常自豪performance!的表演！Wemustget togetherfor coffeesoon.This mustbe theright place.The我我们必须找时间一起喝咖啡这肯定是正确的地方I mustthank youfor allyour help.address matches.必须感谢你所有的帮助地址吻合语境与语气转换训练推测表达强调表达将确定陈述改为推测表达委婉表达将一般陈述改为强调必要性确定She istiredafter working allday.将强制性的语句改为更委婉的表达must一般Its goodto exercise regularly.推测She mustbe tiredafterworking强You mustsubmit theform today.强调You mustexerciseregularlyfor allday.委婉Would yoube ableto submitthe goodhealth.form today课堂活动学生两人一组，相互给出情境，让对方用适当的语气（委婉、强烈或推测）进行表达与其它情态动词区别mustmust表示必须性肯定推测/例You mustfollow therules.例She mustbe athome now.can表示能力许可/例I canswim.例You canuse myphone.should表示建议义务较弱/例You shouldexercise more.例We shouldhelp others.may表示许可可能性/例You mayleave now.例It mayrain tomorrow.理解各情态动词的微妙区别，能够帮助学习者在实际交流中更准确地表达不同程度的必要性、可能性和建议在阅读理解中的识别must段落主句分析错误选项排除技巧在阅读理解题中，含有的句子通常表达must作者的强烈观点或主张

1.文章的核心论点

2.对事实的高度肯定性推测

3.识别这些句子有助于把握文章的主旨和作者态度遇到相关的选项时，注意must区分必须性和建议性表达

1.警惕将误解为不必要的陷阱

2.mustnt注意只能用于现在将来的限制

3.must/辨别推测用法与义务用法的区别

4.闭卷小测单项选择题4题完形填空2题改错题2题

1.You_____smoke inthe hospital.Yesterday,I3_____finish my

5.I must togonow.Its gettinglate.Its forbidden.project beforemidnight.

6.He mustbeen verytired yesterday.A.must B.mustnt C.donthaveto A.must B.hadtoC.musttoD.have toD.needntShe looksvery happy.She4_____

2.That_____be Johnatthedoor.He receivedgood news.said hewould comeat8:

00.A.musthaveB.hadtoC.must D.A.should B.would C.must D.can musthas课文语料提炼与再造句课本例句变式例句示范从课本中提取含的例句，进行以下原句must Studentsmustfinishtheir变式练习homework.变换主语变换主语

1.Teachers mustcheck all改为否定形式the homework.

2.改为疑问形式

3.改为否定Students mustntcopy将必须用法改为推测用法

4.homework fromothers.将现在时改为过去时

5.改为疑问Must studentsfinish allhomeworktoday改为推测He mustbe finishinghishomework now.改为过去时Students hadto finishtheirhomework yesterday.课堂互动总结词汇卡片游戏must/haveto句型比赛学生轮流抽取情境卡片，根据卡片上的情境使用造句其他学生判班级分组进行和的用法比赛每组轮流根据给定情境选择正must musthaveto断是否正确使用，并给出理由确的情态动词并造句答对得分，答错则由对方组抢答通过这些互动活动，学生能够在实际情境中灵活运用的各种用法，加深对情态动词细微差别的理解must用法总结与学习指引must推测用法表示对事实的高度肯定推测例She mustbe athome now.必须用法表示强制性的义务或命令例Youmustfollow therules.禁止用法表示绝对禁止mustnt例You mustnttouch that.重点避错否定形式不必要，而是禁止

1.mustnt≠时态限制无过去时，需用

2.must hadto语法搭配后接动词原形，不加

3.mustto课后任务完成句造句训练，涵盖的各种用法，特别注意区分必须用法和推测用法40must。