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张剑考研英语模拟题20113Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose thebest words for eachnumbered blankand markA,B,C orDon ANSWER SHEET
1.10pointsDriving throughsnowstorm onicy roads for longdistances is a most nerve-racking experience.It is a paradoxthat thesnow,coming_1_gently,blowing gleefully in ahigh wind,all thewhile_2_down atreacherous carpet,freezes thewindows,_3_the view.The might of automatedmanis_4_.The horses,the powerfulelectrical systems,the deeptreadtires,all go_5_nothing.One minutethe roadfeels_6_,and thenext thedriver issliding overit,light as a_7_,in apanic,wondering what the heavytrailer truckscoming up_8_the rearare going to do.The trucksarelike_9_when youhave topass them,not atsixty orseventy_10_you dowhen theroad is dry,but attwenty-five andthirty._11_their enginessound unnaturallyloud.Snow,slush and_12_of icespray frombeneath thewheels,obscure thewindshield,and rattle_13_your car.Beneaththe wheels there isplenty of_14_for youto slideand get mashed to a pulp.Inch_15_inch youmoveup,past therear wheels,the centerwheels,the cab,the frontwheels,all_16_too slowlyby.Straight aheadyou continue,_17_to cutover sharplywould sendyou into a slip,_18_in frontof the vehicle.At last,there is_19_enough,and youcreep backover,in front of thetruck now,but_20_the soundof itsengine stillthundering inyour ears.分]
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35.Which of the followingis themain pointof the text2A:The:de:vel:opmen:tof:the:I:n:te:me:t.B:The:possibili:ty of:space:re:sea:rch:.C:Uni:ve:rsal:inf:orma:ti:on:supe:rhigh:wa:y.D:The:techn:ol:ogical:ad:vance:s of:the:M:a:rs mi:ssi:on:.答案C:Uni:ve:rsal:inf:orma:ti:on:supe:rhigh:wa:y.Text4一Material culturerefers to the touchable,material“things physicalobjects that can beseen,1held,felt,used-that aculture produces.Examining aculture s tools andtechnology cantell us,about thegroup shistory andway oflife.Similarly,research into the material culture of musiccan helpus tounderstand themusic-culture.The mostvivid body of“things init,of course,aremusical instruments.We cannot hear forourselves theactual soundof any musicalperformance beforethe1870s whenthe phonographwas invented,so we rely oninstrumentsfor important information aboutmusic-cultures in the remotepast and their development.Herewe havetwo kinds of evidence:instruments wellpreserved and instruments picturedin art.Through the study ofinstruments,as wellas paintings,written documents,and soon,we canexplorethe movementof musicfrom theNear Eastto Chinaover athousand yearsago,or wecanoutline thespread ofNear Easterninfluence toEurope thatresulted in the developmentofmost of the instrumentson thesymphony orchestra.Sheet musicor printedmusic,too,is materialculture.Scholars oncedefined folk musicculturesas thosein whichpeople learnand singmusic byear rather than fromprint,but researchshowsmutual influenceamong oraland writtensources duringthe pastfew centuries in Europe,Britain andAmerica.Printed versionslimit varietybecause theytend tostandardize anysong,yet theystimulate peopleto createnew anddifferent songs.Besides,the ability to readmusicnotation hasa far-reaching effect on musicians and,when itbecomes widespread,on themusic-culture asa whole.Music is deep-rooted in the culturalbackground thatfosters it.We nowpay more and moreattentionto traditionalor ethnicfeatures infolkmusicand arewilling topreserve thefolk musicaswe do with manytraditional culturalheritage.Musicians allover the world arebusy withrecordingclassic musicin theircountry for the sakeof theirunique culture.As always,people saspirationwill always focus on their individualityratherthanuniversal features that aresharedby allcultures alike.1One moreimportant partofmusics materialculture shouldbe singledout:the influenceof theelectronicmedia—radio,record player,tape recorder,and television,with thefuture promisingtalkingand singingcomputers andother developments.This isall partof theinformation-revolution,a twentieth century phenomenonas importantas theindustrialrevolution in the nineteenth.These electronicmedia arenot justlimited tomodern nations;theyhave affectedmusic-cultures allover theglobe.分］
36.Which of the followingdoes notbelong tomaterialculture2A:I:n:strumen:ts.B:M:usic:.C:Pain:ting:s.D:Shee:tm:usic:.答案B:M:usic:.分]
37.The word“phonograph”Line5-6,Paragraph1most probablymeans.[2A:rec:ord:pla:ye:rB:radi:oC:m:usical:techni:que:D:m:usic:c:ul:ture:答案A:rec:ord:pla:ye:r分]
38.The mainidea of the firstparagraph is.[2A:the:im:portance:of:c:ul:tural:tool:sand:techn:ol:og:yB:the:c:ul:tural:infl:uence:of:the:de:vel:opmen:tof:ci:vili:za:ti:on:C:the:f:oc:us of:the:stud:y of:the:ma:te:rial:c:ul:ture:of:m:usic:D:the:significance:of:the:re:sea:rch:in:to the:m:usical:in:strumen:ts答案D:the:significance:of:the:re:sea:rch:in:to the:m:usical:in:strumen:ts分]
39.Which of the followingis NOTan advantage of printedmusic[2A:Reading:of:m:usic:n:ota:ti:on:ha:sa:g:rea:t im:pac:ton:m:usician:s.B:Pe:ople:ma:y d:ra:w im:spi:ra:ti:on:f:rom:i:t.C:The:m:usic:c:ul:ture:will:be:infl:uenced:b:y i:tin:the:end:.D:Song:s tend:to be:standa:rdi:zed:b:y i:t.答案D:Song:s tend:to be:standa:rdi:zed:b:yi:t.分]
40.From thethird paragraph,we mayinfer that.[2A:tradi:ti:onal:c:ul:tural:he:ri:tage:i:s worth:y of:pre:se:rva:ti:on:B:the:uni:ve:rsal:fea:ture:s sha:red:b:y all:c:ul:ture:sa:ren:t worth:y of:n:otice:C:m:usician:s pa:ym:ore:a:tten:ti:on:to the:pre:se:rva:ti:on:of:tradi:ti:onal:m:usic:D:the:m:ore:de:vel:oped:a:c:ul:ture:,the:m:ore:val:uable:the:m:usic:i:t ha:sf:oste:red:答案A:tradi:ti:onal:c:ul:tural:he:ri:tage:i:s worth:yof:pre:se:rva:ti:on:Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentenceshave beenremoved.For Questions41-45,choose themostsuitable onefrom thelish A-G tofit intoeach of the numberedblank.There aretwo extrachoicesthat donot fit in anyof thegaps.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET
1.10pointsAs moreand morematerial fromother culturesbecame available,European scholarscame torecognizeeven greatercomplexity inmythological traditions.Especially valuablewas theevidenceprovided byancient Indianand Iraniantexts such as theBhagavad-Gita and theZend-Avesta.From thesesources itbecame apparentthat thecharacter of myths variedwidely,not onlyby geographicalregion butalso byhistorical period.41He arguedthat therelatively simpleGreek mythof Persephonereflects theconcerns of a basicagriculturalcommunity,whereas themore involvedand complexmyths foundlater inHomerare theproduct of a moredeveloped society.Scholars alsoattempted totie variousmyths of the worldtogether insome way.From thelate18th centurythrough theearly19th century,the comparativestudy oflanguages hadled to thereconstruction of a hypotheticalparent languageto accountfor strikingsimilarities amongthevarious languages of Europeand theNear East.These languages,scholars concluded,belonged to an Indo-European languagefamily.Experts onmythology likewisesearched for aparent mythologythat presumablystood behind the mythologiesof allthe Europeanpeoples.________42For example,an expressionlike maidendawn forsunrise resultedfirst inpersonification ofthedawn,and thenin myths about her.Later inthe19th centurythe theoryof evolutionput forwardby Englishnaturalist CharlesDarwinheavily influencedthestudyof mythology.Scholars researchedonthehistory ofmythology,much as they woulddig fossil-bearing geologicalformations,for remainsfrom thedistantpast.________43Similarly,British anthropologistSir JamesGeorge Frazerproposed athree-stage evolutionaryschemein TheGolden Bough.According toFrazer*s scheme,human beingsfirst attributednatural phenomena to arbitrary supernaturalforces magic,later explainingthem as the willofthe godsreligion,and finallysubjecting themto rationalinvestigation science.The researchof Britishscholar WilliamRobertson Smith,published inLectures onthe Religionofthe Semites1889,also influencedFrazer.Through Smith*s work,Frazer came to believethatmany mythshad their origin inthe ritualpractices ofancient agriculturalpeoples,for whomtheannual cycles of vegetationwere ofcentral importance.44This approachreached itsmost extremeform inthe so-called functionalismof BritishanthropologistA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,who held that everymyth implies a ritual,and everyritualimplies amyth.Most analysesofmyths inthe18th and19th centuriesshowed atendency toreduce myths tosome essentialcore whetherthe seasonalcyclesofnature,historical circumstances,or ritual.That coresupposedly remainedonce thefanciful elements ofthenarratives hadbeen strippedaway.In the20th century,investigators beganto paycloser attentionto thecontent ofthenarratives themselves.45A.German-born Britishscholar MaxMuller concludedthat theRig-Veda ofancient India-theoldest preservedbody ofliterature writtenin an Indo-European language-reflected theearlieststages ofanIndo-European mythology.M Ilerattributed alllater myths to misunderstandingsthatarose from the picturesqueterms inwhich earlypeoples describednaturalphenomena.B.The mythand ritualtheory,as thisapproach cameto becalled,was developedmost fullybyBritish scholarJane EllenHarrison.Using insightgained from the work of FrenchsociologistEmile Durkheim,Harrison arguedthat allmyths havetheiroriginin collectiverituals ofa society.□.Austrian psychoanalystSigmund Freudheldthatmyths-like dreams-condense thematerialof experienceand representitinsymbols.D.This approachcan beseen inthe workof Britishanthropologist EdwardBurnett Tylor.InPrimitive Culture1871,Tylor organizedthe religiousand philosophicaldevelopment ofhumanityinto separateand distinctevolutionary stages.E.The studiesmade in this periodwere consolidatedintheworkofGerman scholarChristianGottolob Heyne,who was the firstscholar to use theLatin termmyths insteadof fibula,meaning“fableto refertothetales ofheroes andgods.F.German scholarKarl OtfriedM Ilerfollowed thisline ofinquiry in his Prolegomenato aScientificMythology,
1825.分]
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45.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:答案C:Part CDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully and then translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Yourtranslation shouldbe writtenclearly on ANSWER SHEET
2.10pointsThere isno questionthat science-fiction writershave become more ambitious,stylistically andthematically,in recentyears.46But thismay haveless to dowith the luringcall ofacademicsurroundings than with changingmarket conditions-a factorthat academiccritics rarelytakeinto account.Robert Silverberg,a formerpresident ofThe ScienceFiction Writersof America,is oneofthemost prolificprofessionals ina fielddominated bypeople whoactually writefor aliving.Unlike mysteryor Westernwriters,most science-fiction writerscannot expectto cashinon fatmovie salesor TVtie-ins.47Still inhis latethirties,Silverberg haspublished more thana hundredbooks,and heis disarmingly frank about the relationshipbetween the quality ofgenuineprose andthequality of availableoutlet.By his own account,he wasan annoyinglyverbalyoung manfrom Brooklynwho pickedup hisfirst science-fiction bookatthe ageoften,started writingseriously attheageof thirteen,and atseventeen nearlygave up in despairover1his inability to breakinto thepulp magazines.48At hisparents urging,he enrolledinColumbia University,so that,if worstcametoworst,he couldalways gototheSchool ofJournalismand geta nicesteady jobsomewhere.During hissophomore year,he soldhisfirst science-fiction storyto aScottish magazinenamed Nebula.By the end ofhis junioryear,he hadsold anovel andtwenty morestories.49By theend ofhis senioryear,he wasearningtwo hundreddollars aweek writingscience fiction,and hisparents werereconciled tohisu11pursuit ofthe literarylife.l becamevery cynicalvery quickly/he says.First I couldn tsellanything,then Icould selleverything.The marketplayed tomy worstcharacteristics.An editorofa schlockmagazine wouldcall upto tellme hehad aten-thousand-word holeto fillinhisnextissue.T dfill itovernight for a hundredand fiftydollars.I foundthat rewritingmade nodifference.50I knewIcouldnot possiblywrite thekindsofthings Iadmired asa reader—Joyce,Kafka,Mann—so Idetached myselffrom mywork.I wasa phenomenonamong my friends incollege,a published,selling author.But theyalways asked,“When areyou goingto dosomething一serious meaningsomething thatwasnt tscience fiction-and Ikept tellingthem,“When Imfinancially secure.分]
46.[2参考答案但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关———这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素分]
47.[2参考答案还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰分]
48.[2参考合案.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学,所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作”分]
49.[2参考答案到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了,而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求分]
50.[2参考合案.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西Section IIIWritingPart A
51.Directions:,You havestayed withyour friends familyforamonth.Now youare going back home.,Write amessage to your friends familyto1express yourgratitude.2show yourappreciation ofthe gooddays youve hadtogether.3say goodbye.You shouldwrite about100words neatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.Do notsig yourown name.［分］参考答案Use Li Ming instead.10points10参考范文I amwriting thisletter tothank youforthehospitality yougave meduring myone-month staywithyou.During thisperiod,you managedto makeme feelat homewith allyour considerationandhospitality.Especially,I wantto showmy gratitudeto youfor youreffort madein adaptingto myirregularschedules.I countmyself fortunateindeed tohave hadthe opportunityto spendthememorable30days withyou.Now,I amgoingbackhome.I amreally reluctantto saygood byetoyou.With thanksagain andbest wishestoyou.Yours,LiMingPart B
52.Directions:Enormous changestook placeinthe last twodecades ofthe20thcentury,which isrevealed inthechanges ondinner tables.Here aretwo pairsof pictures.You arerequired to1describethe pictures,2interpret thepictures,and3make acomment uponit.分］参考答案You shouldwrite160-200words neatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points20As isshown inthe fourpictures,there hasbeen greatchange inChinese dietsince1980s.Twenty yearsago,people inthe villagealways hadcorn,steam cornbuns,sweet potatoesandvegetables astheir mainfood.The urbanpeople werecomparatively rich,so theycan affordtheexpensive dishesof rice,meat,eggs andfish daily.Nowadays itseems,to oursurprise,thevillage peopleand cityresidents haveexchanged theirdinner tables.The phenomenonreflectsthat people s dietconcept ischanging whiletheir living standard isprogressing.On theone1hand,withtheimprovement ofthe villagerslivingstandard,the proportionof high-nutrition food,such aseggs andmeat,has alsoincreased intheir diet.On theother hand,as manymodern-day diseases,such ashypertension,high levelsof bloodlipids,and diabetes,arefound to be diet-related disorders,the citydwellers havebecomemorehealth-conscious,andthey preferthe low-protein andhigh-fiber foodtohigh-fat meals.1Of course,we cant judgehastily whicheating habit is better,because onlya balanced diet canbenefitpeoplesbody.However,it isa pleasureto seemoreandmore Chinesepeople arepursuinga betterlife by choosing avaried andbalanceddiet.B:strike:sC:puff:sD:cancel:s答案:A:bl:ock:s分]
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20.A:wi:th:B:like:C:in:side:D:upon:答案:A:wi:th:Section IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textbychoosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers onANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1With theextension ofdemocratic rights inthe first halfofthenineteenth centuryandtheensuingdecline ofthe Federalistestablishment,a newconception ofeducation beganto emerge.Education wasno longera confirmationofapre-existing status,but aninstrument intheacquisition ofhigher status.For anew generationof upwardlymobile students,the goalofeducation wasnot toprepare themto livecomfortably intheworldinto whichthey hadbeenborn,but toteach themnew virtuesand skillsthat wouldpropel theminto adifferent andbetterworld.Education becametraining;andthestudent wasno longerthe gentleman-in-waiting,butthe journeymanapprentice forupward mobility.In thenineteenth centurya collegeeducation beganto beseen asa wayto getahead intheworld.The foundingoftheland-grant collegesopened thedoors ofhigher educationto poorbutaspiring boysfrom non-Anglo-Saxon,working-class andlower-middle-class backgrounds.Themyth ofthe poorboy whoworked hisway throughcollege tosuccess drewmillions ofpoor boystothe newcampuses.And withthis shift,education becamemore vocational:its objectwas theacquisitionof practicalskills anduseful information.For thegentleman-in-waiting,virtue consistedabove allin graceand style,in doingwell whatwasappropriate tohis position;education wasmerely away ofacquiring polish.And vicewasmanifested ingracelessness,awkwardness,in behavinginappropriately,discourteously,orostentatiously.For theapprentice,however,virtue wasevidenced insuccess throughhardwork.The requisitequalities ofcharacter werenot graceor style,but drive,determination,and asharpeye foropportunity.While casualliberality andeven prodigalitycharacterized thegentleman,frugality,thrift,and self-control cameto distinguishthe newapprentice.And whilethegentleman didnot aspiretoahigher stationbecause his station wasalready high,theapprentice wascontinually becoming,striving,struggling upward.Failure forthe apprenticemeantstanding still,not rising.分］
21.Which ofthefollowingis trueaccording tothe firstparagraph^A:D:em:oc:ra:tic:idea:ssta:rted:wi:th:ed:uca:ti:on:.B:F:ede:rali:sts we:re:opposed:to ed:uca:ti:on:.C:N:e:w ed:uca:ti:on:hel:ped:c:onfi:rm:pe:ople:s social:sta:tus.D:Old:ed:uca:ti:on:had:been:in:tune:wi:th:hie:ra:rchical:socie:ty.答案D:Old:ed:uca:ti:on:had:been:in:tune:wi:th:hie:ra:rchical:socie:ty.分]
22.The differencebetween gentleman-in-waiting andjourneyman isthat.[2A:ed:uca:ti:on:trained:gen:tieman:-in:-wai:ting:to climb:highe:r ladde:rsB:j:ourne:yman:wa:s read:ytotake:wha:te:ve:r wa:s gi:ven:to him:C:gen:tieman:-in:-wai:ting:bel:onged:toa:fi:xed:and:high:social:cla:ssD:j:ourne:yman:c:ould:d:o prac:ticall:y n:othing:wi:th:out ed:uca:ti:on:答案C:gen:tieman:-in:-wai:ting:bel:onged:toa:fi:xed:and:high:social:cla:ss分]
23.According tothe secondparagraph,land-grant College.[2A:bel:onged:tothe:land:-owning:cla:ssB:enla:rged:the:sc:ope:of:ed:uca:ti:on:C:wa:s provided:onl:ytothe:poorD:benefi:ted:all:b:utthe:uppe:r cla:ss答案B:enla:rged:the:sc:ope:of:ed:uca:ti:on:n分]
24.Which ofthefollowingwas themost importantforagentleman-in-waiting[2A:M:anne:rs.B:E:d:uca:ti:on:.C:M:oral:.D:Pe:rsonali:ty.答案A:M:anne:rs.分]
25.The besttitle forthe passageis.[2A:E:d:uca:ti:on:and:Prog:re:ssB:Old:and:N:e:w Social:N:orm:sC:N:e:w E:d:uca:ti:on::Opportuni:tie:sf:or M:ore:D:D:eme:ri:ts of:H:ie:ra:rchical:Socie:ty答案C:N:e:w E:d:uca:ti:on::Opportuni:tie:sf:or M:ore:Text2One meaningoftheGreek word“dran”is toaccomplish,andinthis meaningliesafurther keytothe structureof drama.A playconcerns ahuman agentattempting toaccomplish somepurpose.In tragedyhis attemptis,in personalterms atleast,unsuccessful;in comedyit issuccessful;inthe problemplay finalaccomplishment isoften eitherambiguous ordoubtful.This action,from thebeginning totheendofamovement towarda purposedgoal,must alsohavea middle;it mustproceed througha numberof steps,the successionof incidentswhichmake upthe plot.Because thedramatist isconcerned withthe meaningand logicof eventsratherthanwiththeir casualrelationship intime,he willprobably select his materialand orderiton abasis ofthe operation,in humanaffairs,of lawsof causeand effect.It isinthiscausalrelationship ofincidents thatthe elementof conflict,present invirtually allplays,appears.The centralfigure ofthe play-the protagonist-encounters difficulties;his purposeor purposesconflict with eventsor circumstances,with purposesof othercharacters inthe play,or withcross-purposes whichexist withinhisownthoughts anddesires.These difficultiesthreaten theprotagonists accomplishment;in otherwords,they presentcomplications,and hissuccess orfailurein dealingwith thesecomplications determinesthe outcome.Normally,complicationsbuild through the playin orderof increasingdifficulty;one complicationmay beadded toanother,or onemay growout ofthe solutionofapreceding one.At somepoint inthis chainofcomplication andsolution,achieved orattempted,the protagonistperforms anact ormakes adecisionwhich irrevocablycommits himtoafurther course,points towardcertain generalconsequences.This pointis usuallycalled thecrisis;the complicationsand solutionswhichfollow workout thelogical stepsfrom crisis to finalresolution,or denouement.分]
26.According tothefirstparagraph ofthetext,a dramatist.[2A:seld:om:belie:ve:s wha:t he:wri:te:s ab:outB:portra:ys wha:t he:e:xpe:rience:sin:the:d:rama:C:c:once:rn:s him:self:wi:th:the:re:sul:ts of:h:uman:eff:ortD:trie:sto c:on:vince:hi:sa:udience:of:wha:the:belie:ve:s答案:C:c:once:rn:s him:self:wi:th:the:re:sul:tsof:h:uman:eff:ort分]
27.A dramais arrangedmainly inaccordance with.[2A:the:will:of:the:d:rama:ti:stB:the:se:quence:of:e:ven:tsC:the:la:w of:d:rama:tic:a:rtD:the:need:of:pe:rf:ormance:答案:A:the:will:of:the:d:rama:ti:st分]
28.A dramatistusually.[2A:cla:rifie:sthe:c:om:plica:ted:rela:ti:on:shi:p in:hi:s d:rama:B:make:sthe:rela:ti:on:shi:p in:hi:sd:rama:m:ore:c:om:plica:ted:C:h:ope:stosee:hi:s protag:oni:st win:an:ea:sy vic:toryD:like:stopre:sen:thi:s protag:oni:st a:sth:rea:tening:fell:ows答案:B:make:sthe:rela:ti:on:shi:pin:hi:sd:rama:m:ore:c:om:plica:ted:
29.The wordcrisis inthelastline butone,paragraph3most probablyimplies_______分]-[2A:a:dange:rous m:omen:tB:the:la:st deci:si:on:C:the:c:rucial:poin:tD:a:b:ra:ve:engagemen:t答案C:the:c:racial:poin:t分]
30.In thetext,the authormainly dealswith.[2A:the:nece:ssi:ty of:d:rama:in:a:c:ul:ture:B:some:social:f:unc:ti:on:sof:d:rama:s C:the:re:spon:sibili:ty of:d:rama:ti:stsD:some:ke:y elemen:ts in:d:rama:-making:答案D:some:ke:y elemen:tsin:d:rama:-making:Text3Vinton Cerf,known asthe fatherofthe Internet,said onWednesday thatthe Webwasoutgrowing the planet Earthandthetime hadcome totake theinformation superhighwaytoouter space.“The Internetis growingquickly,and westill havea lotof worktodoto cover theplanet.Cerftold thefirst dayoftheannual conferenceof InternetSociety inGeneva wheremorethan1500cyberspace fanshave gatheredto seekanswers toquestions about the tangledweb oftheInternet.Cerf believedthat itwould soonbe possibleto sendreal-time sciencedata onthe Internetfroma spacemission orbitinganother planetsuchasMars.There isnow aneffort underway todesign and buildan interplanetary Internet.The spaceresearch communityis comingcloserand closerand merging.We thinkthat wewill seeinterplanetary Internetnetworks thatlookvery muchlike theones weuse today.We willneed interplanetarygateways andthere will benprotocols totransmit databetween thesegateways,Cerf said.Francois Fluckiger,a scientistattendingthe conferencefrom theEuropean ParticlePhysics Laboratorynear Geneva,was notentirelyconvinced,saying:We needdreams likethis.But I don tknow anyMartian whomI*dlike to communicate withthroughthe Internet.Cerf hasbeen workingwith NASA*s PasadenaJetPropulsion Laboratory-the peoplebehindtherecent Marsexpedition-to designwhat hecallsan interplanetary Internet protocol.He believesthat astronautswill wanttousetheInternet,although specialproblems remainwith interferenceand delay.“This isquite real.The effortis becomingextraordinarily concreteoverthenext fewmonthsbecause thenext Mars mission isin planningstages now,Cerf toldthe conference.“If weuse domainnames likeEarth orMars..Jet propulsionlaboratory peoplewould becomingtogether withpeople fromtheInternetcommunity.He added.“The idea is totake theinterplanetary Internetdesignandmake ita partoftheinfrastructure ofthe Marsmission.He latertold anews conferencethat designingthis systemnow wouldprepare mankindforfuture technologicaladvances.“The wholeideaisto createan architectureso thedesign worksanywhere.Idon*t knowwhereweregoingtohave toput itbut myguess isthat weII begoing outthere sometime/*Cerf said.“If youthink100years fromnow,itisentirely possiblethat what willbepurely research50一years fromnow willbecome commercial100years fromnow.The Internetwasthesame itstartedas pureresearch butnow itis commercialized.分]
31.According toCerf,the purposeto designinterplanetary internetisto.[2A:send:real:-time:science:da:ta:B:c:omm:unica:te:wi:th:a:strona:utsC:la:yf:ounda:ti:on:f:or f:uture:techn:ol:ogical:ad:vance:sD:c:omme:rciali:ze:the:techn:ol:og:y答案C:la:yf:ounda:ti:on:f:or f:uture:techn:ol:ogical:ad:vance:s分]
32.From thetext,we learnthat VintonCerf is.[2A:seeking:an:swe:rs toque:sti:on:sab:outthe:I:n:te:me:t web:B:working:on:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:twi:th:c:ollab:ora:ti:on:of:NA:SA:C:trying:toc:omme:rciali:ze:the:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:tD:e:xpl:oring:the:possibili:tyof:e:stabli:shing:I:n:te:me:tne:twork:on:M:a:rs答案B:working:on:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:twi:th:c:ollab:ora:ti:on:of:NA:SA:分]
33.It canbe inferredfromthelast paragraphthat.[2A:the:d:ream:to b:uild:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:t can:be:f:ulfilled:in:the:f:uture:B:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:t will:be:c:omme:rciali:zed:in:100yea:rsC:the:re:sea:rch:of:I:n:te:me:t took:50yea:rsD:i:t will:take:a:I:ong:time:to b:uild:in:te:rplane:ta:ry I:n:te:me:t答案:A:the:d:ream:tob:uild:in:te:rplane:ta:ryI:n:te:me:tcan:be:f:ulfilled:in:the:f:uture:分]
34.We knowfromthetext thattheMarsmission is.[2A:one:of:NA:SA:sin:te:me:t projec:tsB:an:e:xpedi:ti:on:to M:a:rsC:the:inf:ra:struc:ture:of:the:in:te:rplane:ta:ryI:n:te:me:tD:toc:rea:te:an:a:rchi:tec:ture:on:M:a:rs答案:B:an:e:xpedi:ti:on:to M:a:rs。
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