2011考研英语模拟考场演练版六

考研英语模拟考场（演练版）

（六）2011Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best words for eachnumbered blankand.In the long run,as JohnMaynard Keynesobserved,we areall dead.True.But canthe1run beelongated in a waythat makes thelongrun2And ifso,how,and atwhat costPeoplehave dreamt of3since timeimmemorial.They havesought itsince the first alchemistput an elixir of4on the same shoppinglist as a wayto turnlead intogold.They have5about it in fiction,from RiderHaggards Sheto FrankHerberts Dune.And now,with thegrowthof6knowledge that has markedthe pastfew decades,a fewresearchers believeitmight bewithin

7.To thinkabout the question,it isimportant tounderstand whyorganisms-people8-age inthefirst place.People arelike machines:they9That muchis obvious.However,a machinecanalways be10A goodmechanic witha stockof spareparts cankeep itgoing

11.Eventually,no part of the12may remain,but itstill carries on,like Lincolns famous axethathad threenew handles and two new blade.The question,of course,is whether the machineis worth

13.It ishere thatpeople andnature

14.Or,to put it slightly15,two bits of naturedisagree witheach other.From theindividualspoint ofview,16is animperative.You cannotreproduce unlessyou arealive.Afear ofdeath is a sensibleevolved responseand,since17is asure way of dying,it is nosurprise thatpeople want to stopit inits tracks.Moreover,even theappearance of ageing canbe

18.It19the rangeof potentialsexual partnerswho findyou attractive-since itis asignthat you are notgoing to be20all thatlong tohelp bringup baby-and thus,again,curbsyour reproduction.分]

1.[

0.5A:sh:ortB:I:ong:C:sh:orte:r答案D:I:onge:r A:sh:ort分]

2.[

0.5A:sh:orte:rB:I:onge:rC:fa:ste:rD:si:owe:rperiods ofcrisis whenan entirefirm needsto accept new marchingorders quickly.But mostof the timeit strangles a company.Relying onconsensus meansthat decisions are madeslowly,if at all.With so many peopletoplease,the resultis oftena mediocremorass ofcompromises.And withsomany handsinvolved,there isno accountability;no reasonfor individualsto excel;no sanction against baddecisionsso that there arefewer of them infuture.Of course,sometimes theconsensus of theJapanese workplaceis justa veneer and decisions are stillmade fromon high.But thenwhypersist with the pretence,particularly ifit drains a companys efficiency

31.What does their Japanesecounterparts arecomfortable in their obscurityin thefirst分]paragraph mean[2A:J:a:pane:se:b:osse:s a:re:m:ore:inclined:to di:rec:ta:g:roup endea:vor ra:the:r than:pe:rsonal:acc:om:pli:shmen:t.B:J:a:pane:se:b:osse:s of:ten:d:on:ot like:to a:ppea:r on:maga:zine:c:ove:rs.C:I:ti:s ra:the:r ha:rd:to ge:t cl:ose:to J:a:pane:se:b:osse:s.D:J:a:pane:se:b:osse:s image:s a:re:of:ten:ob:sc:ure:in:pe:ople:s e:ye:s.答案:A:J:a:pane:se:b:osse:s a:re:m:ore:inclined:to di:rec:ta:g:roup endea:vor ra:the:r than:pe:rsonal:acc:om:pli:shmen:t.

32.Which of the followingis not the faultcaused byconsensual Japanesemethod according分]to the text[2A:J:ob:s a:re:all:oca:ted:b:y age:.B:Pe:ople:all:work:unnece:ssa:ry I:ong:h:ours,C:F:emale:and:f:oreign:seni:or role:s a:re:sea:reel:y seen:.答案:D:M:an:y J:a:pane:se:fi:rm:s a:re:ope:ra:ting:on:a:gl:obal:scale:.D:M:an:y J:a:pane:se:fi:rm:s a:re:ope:ra:ting:on:a:gl:obal:scale:.分]

33.Why dothe criticssay Mr.Kosaku Shima could onlyexist in fiction[2A:H:e:i:sa:ca:rtoon:fig:ure:.B:H:i:s wa:y of:managing:a:c:om:pan:y b:reak:s all:the:e:xi:sting:n:orm:s of:J:a:pane:se:b:usine:ss ci:rcle:.C:M:an:y manage:rs a:re:af:raid:tha:t hi:se:xi:stence:will:di:srupt the:e:xi:sting:ha:rm:on:y.D:Pe:ople:cann:ot lea:rn:f:rom:hi:s wa:y of:ope:ra:ting:a:c:om:pan:y.答案B:H:i:s wa:yof:managing:a:c:om:pan:y b:reak:s all:the:e:xi:sting:n:orm:sof:J:a:pane:se:b:usine:ss ci:rcle:.分]

34.Which of the followingbest illustratesthe meaningof nemawashi[2A:A:n:im:portan:t deci:si:on:i:s made:b:y the:b:oss him:self:.B:A:n:im:portan:t deci:si:on:i:s made:b:y the:b:oss and:seni:or manage:rs.C:A:n:im:portan:t deci:si:on:i:s made:b:y all:the:sala:rymen:in:the:c:om:pan:y-D:A:n:im:portan:t deci:si:on:i:s made:b:y the:b:oss wi:th:the:poin:ts of:vie:wof:all:the:membe:rs being:di:rec:ted:in:to c:on:sen:sus.答案D:A:n:im:portan:t deci:si:on:i:s made:b:y the:b:oss wi:th:the:poin:ts of:vie:w of:all:the:membe:rs being:di:rec:ted:in:to c:on:sen:sus.分]

35.What isauthors opinionon theconsensus ofJapanese workplace[2A:I:t hel:ps c:om:panie:s acce:ptne:w ma:rching:orde:rs quickl:y.B:I:t hel:ps c:om:panie:s make:deci:si:on:s m:ore:ra:ti:onall:y and:effec:ti:vel:y.C:I:t d:rain:s c:om:panie:s effec:ti:vene:ss al:read:y.D:I:ti:sa:uni:que:sign:of:J:a:pane:se:en:te:rpri:se:c:ul:ture:.答案C:I:t d:rain:s c:om:panie:s effec:ti:vene:ss al:read:y.Text4The Southdaleshopping centrein Minnesotahas anatrium,a foodcourt,fountains and acresof parking.Its shops include aDairy Queen,a VictoriasSecret anda purveyor of comicT-shirts.It maynot seemlike alandmark,as important to architecturalhistory asthe LouvreorNew YorksWoolworth Building.But itis.oh,my god!chimes agroup ofteenage girls,onlearning that they arestanding in the worlds first trueshopping mall.That isthe coolestthinganybody hassaid tous allday.In thepast halfcentury Southdaleand its many imitators have transformedshopping habits,urban economies and teenagespeech.America nowhas some1,100enclosed shopping malls,according to the InternationalCouncil ofShopping Centres.Clones haveappeared fromChennai to Martinique.Yet the malls storyis farfrom triumphal.Invented bya Europeansocialistwho hatedcars andcame toderide hisown creation,it has a murky future.Whilemalls continueto multiplyoutside America,they aregradually dyingin the country thatpioneeredthem.Southdales creator arrived inAmerica asa refugeefrom Nazi-occupied Vienna.Victor Gruenwasa Jewishbohemian whobegan todesign shops for fellow immigrants inNew Yorkafterfailing incabaret theatre.His workwas admiredpartly for its uncluttered,modernist look,which seemedrevolutionary in1930s America.But Gruenssecret was the wayhe usedarcades and eye-level display cases tolure customers into stores almost against their will.As acriticcomplained,his shops were like mousetraps.A fewyears laterthe samewould besaid ofhis shoppingmalls.By the1940s departmentstores werealready movingto thesuburbs.Some hadbegun tobuild adjacent stripsof shops,which theyfilled withboutiques in an attemptto re-createurban shoppingdistricts.In1947a shopping centre openedin LosAngeles featuringtwodepartment stores,a clusterof smallshops anda largecar park.It was,in effect,an outdoorshoppingmall.Fine forbalmy southernCalifornia,perhaps,but notfor Minnesotas harshclimate.Commissioned tobuildashoppingcentreat Southdalein1956,Gruen threwa roofoverthe structureand installedan air-conditioning systemto keepthe temperatureat75〜F24〜C--which acontemporary pressrelease calledEternal Spring.The mallwas born.Gruen gotan extraordinarynumber of things rightfirst time.He builta slopingroad aroundtheperimeter of themall,so thathalf of the shoppersentered on the groundfloor andhalf onthefirst floor-something that became astandard featureof malls.Southdales balconieswerelow,so thatshoppers couldsee theshops onthe floorabove or below them.The car park hadanimalsigns tohelp shoppersremember the way backto theirvehicles.It wasas thoughOrvilleand WilburWright hadnot justdiscovered poweredflight buthad builta planewithtray tables andaduty-free service.［分］

36.According to the text,which of the followingis TRUE2A:Southdale:will:be:cl:osed:soon:.B:Sh:opping:mall:sa:re:fl:ouri:shing:all:ove:rthe:world:.C:A:f:te:r I:ong:time:of:prospe:ri:ty,sh:opping:mall:s in:US i:s g:rad:uall:y declining:.D:Sh:opping:mall:i:san:A:me:rican:c:rea:ti:on:.答案C:A:f:te:r I:ong:time:of:prospe:ri:ty,sh:opping:mall:s in:US i:s g:rad:uall:ydeclining:.分］

37.Which of the followingis notthe impactthat shoppingmalls exerton dailylife inUS2A:Pe:ople:s sh:opping:habi:ts ha:ve:been:la:rgel:y tran:sf:ormed:.B:Urban:ec:on:om:yha:s been:b:oosted:and:th:us ope:ra:ted:on:la:rge:scale:.C:A:ne:w popc:ul:ture:ha:s been:f:oste:red:b:y sh:opping:mall:s.答案D:Sh:opping:mall:s c:om:pie:tel:y re:placed:tradi:ti:onal:g:roce:rie:s and:alike:.D:Sh:opping:mall:s c:om:pie:tel:y re:placed:tradi:ti:onal:g:roce:rie:s and:alike:.［分］

38.Why didcritics complainthat Gruens shops werelikemousetraps2A:G:ruen:de:signed:hi:s sh:ops in:a:wa:y ca:pable:of:I:uring:c:ustome:rs in:.B:G:ruen:de:signed:hi:s sh:ops wi:th:an:a:ppea:rance:of:m:ouse:tra:p.C:G:ruen:s sh:opswe:re:fam:ous f:or the:m:ouse:tra:ps the:y sold:.D:G:ruen:s sh:ops sold:thing:sm:uch:m:ore:e:xpen:si:ve:than:tha:t of:othe:rone:s.答案A:G:ruen:de:signed:hi:s sh:ops in:a:wa:yca:pable:of:I:uring:c:ustome:rsin:.［分］

39.Which ofthe followingis notthe extraordinarything Gruengot for thefirsttime2A:SI:oping:road:a:round:the:pe:rime:te:rof:the:mall:.B:F:ree:shi:pping:se:rvice:s.C:L:ow bale:onie:sof:the:sh:ops.D:A:nimal:sign:s in:ca:rpa:rk:.答案:B:F:ree:shi:pping:se:rvice:s.分]

40.What doesthe authormean by mentioning Wright brothers in the end[2A:Sh:opping:mall:s came:in:to e:xi:stence:ea:rlie:r than:plane:s did:.B:Owing:to G:ruen:s va:ri:ous n:ovel:tie:s sh:opping:mall:s g:ot ra:pid:de:vel:opmen:t.C:G:ruen:ha:s ab:sorbed:some:in:spi:ra:ti:on:s f:rom:Wrigh:tb:rothe:rs.D:Wrigh:tb:rothe:rs like:sh:opping:mall:s ve:ry m:uch:.答案B:Owing:to G:ruen:s va:ri:ous n:ovel:tie:ssh:opping:mall:s g:ot ra:pid:de:vel:opmen:t.Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have beenremoved.For Questions41-45,choose themostsuitable onefrom thelist A-G tofit intoeach ofthe numberedblank.There aretwo extrachoices,which do not fitin anyofthegaps.In1959the averageAmerican familypaid$989for ayears supplyof food.In1972the familypaid$l,

311.That wasa priceincrease ofnearly one-third.Every family has hadthis sortofexperience.Everyone agreesthat the cost offeeding afamilyhasrisen sharply.

41..Many blame the farmerswho producethe vegetables,fruit,meat,eggs,and cheesethatstores offerfor sale.According tothe U.S.Department ofAgriculture,the farmersshare ofthe$1,311spent by the familyin1972was$

521.This was31per centmore thanthe farmerhadreceived in

1959.But farmers claim that this increasewas verysmall comparedtotheincrease in their costofliving.

42.These includetruck drivers,meat packers,manufacturers ofpackages and other foodcontainers,and theowners ofstores wherefood issold.They areamong themiddlemenwho standbetween the farmer and the peoplewho buyand eat the food.Are middlementheones to blame forrising food pricesOf the$1,311family foodbill in1972,middlement received$790,which was33percent morethanthey hadreceived in

1959.lt appearsthat themiddlemens profit has increasedmore thanfarmers.

43.According toeconomists atthe FirstNational CityBank,the profitfor meatpackers and foodstores amountedto less than onepercent.During thesame periodall othermanufacturerswere makinga profitof more than fivepercent.By comparison with othermembers oftheeconomic systemboth farmers and middlemenhave profitedsurprisinglylittle from the rise in foodprices.

44.The economists at FirstNational CityBank havean answer to givehousewives,but manypeoplewill notlike it.These economists blamethehousewife herselffor thejump in foodprices.They saythat foodcosts morenow becausewomen dontwant tospend muchtime inthekitchen.Women prefer to buyfood whichhas alreadybeen preparedbefore itreaches themarket.Vegetables andchicken costmore when they havebeen cutinto piecesby someoneotherthan theone whobuys it.A familyshould expectto pay more whenseveral TVdinners aretakenhome from the store.These arefully cookedmeals,consisting ofmeat,vegetables,andsometimes dessert,all arrangedonametal dish.The dishis putinto theoven andheatedwhile thehousewife isdoing somethingelse.Such aconvenience costsmoney.

45.Economistsremind usthat manymodem housewives have jobsoutside thehome.They earnmoney thathelpsto pay the familyfood bills.The housewifenaturally hasless time and energyforcooking aftera dayswork.She wantsto buymany kindsof foodthat can be puton herfamilystable easilyand quickly.If thehousewife wants all ofthese,the economistssay,that isher privilege,but shemust beprepared topay for the servicesof those who makeherwork easier.It appearsthat theanswertothequestionof risingprices isnot asimple one.Producers,consumers,and middlemenall share the responsibilityfor the sharp rise infoodcosts..[A]However,some economists believe thatcontrols can have negativeeffects overa longperiodof time.In citieswith rentcontrol,the citygovernment setsthe maximumrent thatalandlord cancharge for an apartment..[B]Farmers tendtoblameothers for thesharpriseinfoodprices.They particularlyblamethose whoprocess thefarm productsafter theproducts leavethefarm..[C]Thus,as economistspoint out:Some ofthe basicreasons forwidening foodpricespreads areeasily traceabletotheincreasing use of conveniencefoods,which transfermuchof thetimeandwork ofmeal preparationfrom thekitchen tothe foodprocessors plant..[D]But someeconomists claimthatthemiddlemans actualprofit wasvery low..[E]Who thenis actuallyresponsible for the sizeofthebill a housewife mustpay beforeshecarries thefood homefrom thestore.[F]But thereis lessagreement whenreasons forthe riseare beingdiscussed.Who is reallyresponsible.[G]Economists do not.agree onsome ofthe predictions.They alsodonot agree onthe valueofdifferent decisions.Some economistssupport aparticular decisionwhile others criticize it.分]

41.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案F:分]

42.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案B:分]

43.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案D:分]

44.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案E:分]

45.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案C:Part CDirections:Read the following textcarefully andthen translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Most marketingoperations payclose attentionto whatyoung people are buyingand thinking.Not Britainspolitical parties,however,forthesimple reasonthattheunder-30s areunlikely togoanywhere neara pollingbooth.In1964,11%of thoseaged18to24claimed notto vote,according tothe BritishElection Study.At thegeneral electionlast year that figurerose to55%.

46.A reportthis weekby Reform,a think-tank,suggests thatthis reticenceis costingthemdearly.Changes ingovernment policy,it argues,have turnedbeing younginto aterriblebore.

47.There arealready twopowerful economicforces workingagainsttheso-called IPODgenerationthat arebeyond the governments control.First,the ageingofthepopulation isfastincreasing theratio ofpeople inretirement tothose ofworking age.So the young canlookforward tohanding overa risingproportion of their payto supportthe oldies in theirdecline.Second,thecostof buyingahousein placeswhere peoplewanttolive hasshot upbeyondthe reachofthe young.In199524%of allfirst-time homebuyerswere under25;today,less than15%are,according tothe Halifax,a bank.This muchis uncontroversial.But thereport alsoargues thatthe Labourgovernment hasmadelife worsefor youngpeople,in threeways.First,increased spendingon healthcare hastendedto benefitthe old,who usethe NHSmorethantheyoung.Second,tilting thetax andbenefitsystem towards people withchildren hastransferred moneyfrom theyoung tothemiddle-aged.Third,higher tuitionfees arelanding universitygraduates withhefty debts.

48.And thefuture doesntlook muchbetter:thegovernmentsproposed pensionreforms,along withthe declineof defined-benefit company-pension schemes,make grimreading fortheunder-30s too.These changesought tohave broughtabout are-examination ofthe burdenof taxationonthis agegroup,says NickBosanquet ofImperial CollegeLondon,one ofthe authorsof thereport,tie reckonsthat,after payingvarious taxmenand lenders,graduates takehome onlyaroundhalf oftheir salaries.The averagefor allsalaried workersis aboutthree-fifths.Arethings reallythat badWhen examinedinafreeze-frame,being youngdoes notlook muchfunfinancially.But welfarestates aremeant totransfer resources from thevigorous tothefragile.Some benefitsare merelydeferred:todays25-year-olds will have babies and hipreplacementsone day.

49.And althoughpeople in their20sand30s tendto beheavilyindebted thispasses whenthey sinkinto their40sand50s,says RichardDisney ofNottinghamUniversity.Even so,the feelingthat youngpeoplearebeing squeezedpresents apolitical opportunityforthe oppositionparties.

50.David Willetts,the Conservativeshadow educationsecretary,said inaspeech last yearthattheyoungcould beforgiven forbelieving thatthewayin whicheconomicand socialpolicy isnow conductedis littlelessthana conspiracybythemiddle-aged againstthem_.The LiberalDemocrat commissionon taxpolicy worriedin Augustaboutinter-generational unfairnesstoo.There willbe moreof suchtalk.For theTories,it offersa wayto discussreducing spendingwithoutsounding asif theyare merelythe mouthpieceofthewealthy.It givesLib Demleadersa wayto argueactivists outof promisingto out-spend Labour.And it might evenpersuadesome ofthose gloomy25-year-olds tovote.分]

46.[2参考答案一家名为“改革”的研究机构本周发布一项报告表明，年轻人正为这种漠不关心的态度付出昂贵的代价报告指出，政府的政策变革已经让他们开始感到做一个年轻人真是没劲透了分]参考合案.

47.[2不服政府管束的所谓的一代”目前已然受制于两种巨大的经济压力“IPOD分]

48.[2参考合案.而且沫来似乎也没有好转的迹象——由于政府拟进行养老金改革，加之固定给付式养老金计划即将取消风以下的人将面临严峻的形势,30分]

49.[2参考合案.此外,诺丁汉大学的理查德迪斯尼说，虽然人们在二三十岁的时候重债在身，但到了四五十岁时，•这些债务终将成为过去分]

50.[2参考答案.保守党影子内阁教育大臣大卫威莱茨在付出年的一次演讲中说，年轻人“认为现行的经济与社•会政策无异于是中年人对他们所策划的一声阴谋，这是可以被谅解的”Section IIIWritingPart A

51.Directions:Suppose yourmother hascome tosee youand tonightyou willsleep inthe roomshe hasbooked inahotel nearyour university.Write anote inabout100words to inform yourroommateLinda ofthat.Do notsign yourown nameattheend ofyour letter,using Rachel分]instead.[10参考答案./cArtI•Dear Linda,Im afraidthat I wont be in our dormitory tonightbecause mymother hascome hereto seemeand Iplan tosleep inthe roomshe hasbookedina nearbyhotel Iwish Icould tellyouthat inperson butyouarenot backyet.So Ihave toleave thisnote for you.My motherhasbrought meseveral bagsof greenpea cakethat area specialproduct ofmy hometown.Iveleft twoof themon yourdesk.Help yourselfand Ihope youllenjoy them.Besides Ihaveasked ourteacher fora daysleave SoIwontbe presentin tomorrowsclass.Would youdome afavor byhanding inmy historyassignment tothe teacherIt ison yourdesk beneaththegreen peacake.Thanks.Takecare ofyourself.Yours sincerelyPart B

52.Directions:Study the following graphcarefully andwrite anessay inwhich youshould1analyze thegraph;

53.give yourcomments onthe trend.it--I*绢--阊，分][20参考合案.As itis showninthegraph,in2000,the numberof cell phones inuse is85,200,

000.And thenumberis increasingrapidly from2001to

2004.We cansee theuseofceil phones in2004isnearly fourtimes innumber thanthat ofin

2000.From thesestatistics,we canknow moreandmore peoplehave alreadychanged their original communicationinto thisconvenient mannergradually.But whydoesthecellphonegain somuch dominancein ourlives There are mainlythreefactors accountingfor this.Firstly,a cellphone hasno wiresand canbe carriedeverywhereeasily.It issmart.If youneed toring someone,you canjust diala numberandthephone willconnectyou tothe rightperson.It canbe agreat helpforyouto beconnected withthe world.Secondly,a cellphone issomething wonderfulthat wecanhavefun with,for instances,wecan browsenews,play games,listen tothe musicand chatfor itssimultaneous improvementinthe functionsand connectionwiththeInternet.Thirdly,the dropin pricemakes itpossiblefor anaverage personto usea cellphone.Of course,any newinvention hasits drawbacks,butsuch negativeaspects cannotalways diminishits popularity.As faras Isee,with theintroductionof newtechniques infuture,mobile phoneswillhavemore applicationsandbecome evenmore appealingto customers.答案B:I:onge:r分]

3.[

0.5A:m:ortali:tyB:imm:ortali:tyC:n:o di:sea:se:D:n:o di:sa:ste:r答案B:imm:ortali:ty分]

4.[

0.5A:g:old:B:fame:C:life:答案D:powe:r C:life:分]

5.[

0.5A:rec:orded:B:imagined:C:read:D:wri:tten:答案:D:wri:tten:分]

6.[

0.5A:ph:ysical:B:chemical:C:scien:tific:D:bi:ol:ogical:答案D:bi:ol:ogical:分]

7.[0,5A:reach:B:kn:owledge:C:re:sea:rche:sD:plan:答案:A:reach:

8.A:e:xcl:uded:B:incl:uded:C:a:pa:rtD:wi:th:out答案:B:incl:uded:分]

9.[

0.5A:wea:rd:own:B:wea:ra:wa:yC:wea:r outD:wea:r on:答案:C:wea:r out分]

10.[

0.5A:di:sposed:B:re:pai:red:C:b:ough:tD:re:placed:答案B:re:pai:red:分]

11.[

0.5A:defini:tel:yB:tem:pora:ril:yC:effec:ti:vel:yD:indefini:tel:y答案:D:indefini:tel:y分]

12.[

0.5A:spa:re:B:original:C:ne:wD:ad:vanced:答案:B:original:分]

13.[

0.5A:re:placing:B:re:pai:ring:C:b:uying:D:upg:fading:答案B:re:pai:ring:分]

14.[

0.5A:c:om:promi:se:B:ag:ree:C:di:sag:ree:D:c:on:sen:t答案C:di:sag:ree:分]

15.[

0.5A:diffe:ren:tl:yB:c:on:si:stem:tl:yC:simila:rl:yD:iden:ticall:y答案A:diffe:ren:tl:y分]

16.[

0.5A:li:ving:B:survi:val:C:dea:th:D:re:prod:uc:ti:on:答案:B:survi:val:分]

17.[

0.5A:ageing:B:fea:ring:C:di:sea:se:D:di:sa:ste:r答案:A:ageing:分]

18.[0,5A:usef:ul:B:chee:rf:ul:C:ha:rmf:ul:D:d:oub:tf:ul:答案C:ha:rmf:ul:分]

19.[

0.5A:se:ttle:sB:cl:ose:sC:red:uce:sD:e:xtend:s答案:C:red:uce:s分]

20.[

0.5A:a:round:B:hel:pf:ul:C:wi:th:D:toge:the:r答案:A:a:round:Section IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Text1Before theeconomy fellapart,it wasBritains societythat wassupposed tobeinterminaldecline,especially inthe eyesoftheTories.David Cameron,the ConservativeParty leader,waswont tobemoan broken Britain,mired inmoral degeneracy,with highrates ofteenagepregnancy,low ratesof marriageandotherless quantifiablebreakdowns inthe civilisedschemeofthings.Such antediluvianworries wereraked overagain onJuly13th whenlain DuncanSmith,aformer Toryleader,called foran official endorsement of marriage.Mr DuncanSmith citesseveralreasons toencourage wedlock,including family stability married couples aremuchless likelyto splitthan cohabitingonesand healthierchildren whodo betterin laterlife.There wastalk ofstate-run counselling,pro-marriage propagandain schoolsand mandatorycooling-off periodsbefore divorces.Mr DuncanSmith favourstax breaks for marriedcouples,something thatLabour haslong refusedto endorse.It istrue that marriage isa declininginstitution.Marriage ratesare attheir lowest since

1895.But,curiously,thosewhodo marrynow staytogether forlonger.Divorce ratesare falling,not rising,and havebeen forseveral years.In

200711.9marriedcouples per thousanduntiedthe knot,down from

12.2the yearbefore andthe lowestsince

1981.The timethat divorcingcouplesendure eachother beforeflinging backthe ringshas lengthenedtoo.,from

10.1yearsin1981to

11.7in

2007.Indifference towardsthe sacramentof marriageappears strongestamongthe elderly,notthefeckless young.Since2004,whentheoverall divorcerate peakedat

14.1per thousand,over-60shavebeen theonly partofthepopulation whoserates havecontinuedto rise.Thereareplenty ofcompeting explanations forthediminishing appealof divorce,and noeasyway to discover whichare true.Immigration may have helped,since immigrant families oftenhavemore conservativeattitudes thanthe degeneratenatives.Accountants anddivorcelawyers reckona stringof recentbig settlementsmayhaveacted asa deterrentalthough itcouldequally haveencouraged thepoorer partners in financiallyunequal marriages.Falling marriagerates andfalling divorcerates couldbe twosides ofthesamecoin,saysKathleen Kiernan,a professorof socialpolicy atYork University.The unpopularity of marriageandthe relativeease ofdivorce hasleft onlya hardcore ofstable couplesbound inwedlock.And theriseinthe averageage at which peopleget marriednow36for menand33forwomen ishelping too,since olderbrides andgrooms tendto staytogether longerin anycase.If so,politicians shouldbe cautiousabout handingout taxbreaks.Even ifthey workandMs Kiernanthinks theywould havetobeenormous tohave mucheffect,chivvying unmarriedcouplesinto wedlockis likelyto meanmore divorcesinthefuture.分]

21.What doesbrokenBritainrefertoaccording tothe text[2A:B:ri:tain:i:s falling:a:pa:rt wi:th:se:ve:ral:te:rri:torie:s bee:oming:inde:penden:t.B:The:image:of:B:ri:tain:i:s de:te:ri:ora:ted:in:the:world:.C:B:ri:tain:n:ow i:s suffe:ring:f:rom:m:oral:degene:rac:y.D:B:ri:tain:i:sb:roken:a:wa:yf:rom:E:uropean:Uni:on:.答案C:B:ri:tain:n:owi:s suffe:ring:f:rom:m:oral:degene:rac:y.分]

22.Why didlain DuncanSmith callforanofficialendorsementofmarriage[2A:I:t would:im:prove:famil:y stabili:ty and:facili:ta:te:the:upb:ringing:of:child:ren:a:swell:a:spe:ople:s f:uture:de:vel:opmen:t.B:L:ow bi:rth:ra:te:ha:sth:rea:tened:the:popula:ti:on:of:the:c:oun:try.C:B:ri:ti:sh:g:ove:rnmen:t did:li:ttle:in:the:ma:ri:tai:affai:rsof:pe:ople:.D:Va:ri:ous mea:sure:ssh:ould:be:ad:opted:b:ythe:g:ove:rnmen:ttoenc:ourage:ma:rriage:s.答案A:I:t would:im:prove:famil:ystabili:ty and:facili:ta:te:the:upb:ringing:of:child:ren:a:s well:a:spe:ople:*s f:uture:de:vel:opmen:t.分]

23.Which ofthefollowingis TRUEaccording tothe text[2A:M:a:rriage:ra:te:sn:ow a:re:the:I:owe:stsince:18th:cen:tury.B:D:i:vorce:ra:te:sin:2007we:re:I:owe:r than:tha:tof:la:st yea:r.C:Young:pe:ople:a:re:m:ore:inclined:todi:vorce:than:old:pe:ople:did:.答案D:M:a:rriage:and:di:vorce:ra:te:sha:ve:been:b:oth:inc:rea:sing:the:se:yea:rs.B:D:i:vorce:ra:te:sin:2007we:re:I:owe:r than:tha:tof:la:styea:r.

24.According tothe text,which ofthefollowingis NOTthe reasonwhy peopledonotincline分]to divorce[2A:immig:ran:tfamilie:sa:re:m:ore:c:on:se:rva:ti:ve:on:famil:y.B:B:ig:se:ttlemen:ts in:di:vorce:ca:se:sha:ve:infl:uenced:pe:ople:s deci:si:on:.C:The:a:ve:rage:age:a:twhich:pe:ople:ge:tma:rried:i:son:the:ri:se:.D:Pe:ople:n:ow pa:ym:ore:a:tten:ti:on:to main:taining:thei:r familie:s.答案D:Pe:ople:n:ow pa:ym:ore:a:tten:ti:on:to main:taining:thei:r familie:s.分]

25.What isKathleen Kiernansattitude towardsthe policyof handingout taxbreaks[2A:N:ega:ti:ve:.B:Posi:ti:ve:.C:C:a:uti:ous.D:Zeal:ous.答案C:C:a:uti:ous.Text2Many willknow thatthe wordmuscle comesfrom theLatin formouse ripplingunder theskin,so tospeak.But whatabout chagrin,derived from the Turkishfor roughenedleather,or scalysharkskin.Or lenswhich comesfromtheLatin lentilor windowmeaning eyeofwind inold NorseLooked atclosely,the languagecomes apartin images,like thosestrangepaintings byGiuseppe Arcimboldowhere headsare madeof fruitand vegetables.Not thatHenry Hitchingssbook is about verbalsurrealism.That isan extrapleasure ina bookwhichisreallyabout theway theEnglish languagehas roamedthe worldhelping itselfliberallyto words,absorbing them,forgetting wherethey camefrom,and movingonwithanever-growing loadof exotics,crossbreeds andsubtly shadednear-synonyms.It isalso aboutmigrationswithin the languages ownborders,about upwardand downwardmobility,aboutwords losingtheir roots,turning upin newsurroundings,or lyingin wait,like duvetwhichwas mentionedby SamuelJohnson,for theirmoment.All thisis anotherway ofwriting history.The Arabetymologies ofsaffron,crimson andsugarspeak ofEnglands medievaltrade withthe Arabworld.We havecheque andtariffnfrom thissource too,plus arithmeticand algorithm-just aswe haveetch andsketchfrom theDutch,musical termsfromtheItalians andphilosophical onesfromtheGermans.French nuanceand finesseare everywhere.At everystage,the bookisaboutpeople andideason themove,about invasion,refugees,immigrants,traders,colonists andexplorers.This isa hugesubject andone thatis almostbound toprovoke question-marks andexplosionsinthemargins-soon forgotteninthebooks sheersweep andscale.A balancebetweenstraight historyand wordhistory issometimes difficultto strike,though.There isafeeling,occasionally,of beingbundled toofast throughcomplex linguisticdevelopments andusages,orofbeing giveninteresting slicesof historyforthesake,after all,of notmuch morethana gongoramoccasin.But itis churlishto carp.The authorszest andgrasp arewonderful.He makesyou wantto checkout everything-carp andzest included.Whateveris hybrid,fluid andunpoliced aboutEnglish delightshim.English hasnever hadits Acadmie Francaise,but overthe centuriesithasnot lackedfuriousdefenders againstforeign corruption.There havebeen rearguardactions topreserve itsmanlypre-Norman origins,even toreconstruct italong Anglo-Saxon lines:wheel-saddlefor bicycle,painlore forpathology.But theomnivorous beastis rampantstill.More peoplespeakit as their secondlanguage thanastheirfirst.Forget thelanguage ofShakespeare.ItsGlobish now,thelanguageof aspiration.No oneowns it,a causefor despairto some.Mr.Hitchings admitsto wincingoccasionally,but almoston principlehe ismore cheerfulthan not.分]

26.According tothetext,which ofthefollowingis TRUE[2A:M:uscle:de:ri:ve:sf:rom:I:talian:.B:C:hag:rin:de:ri:ve:sf:rom:Turki:sh:.C:C:rim:son:de:ri:ve:sf:rom:Pe:rsian:.D:Ske:tch:de:ri:ve:sf:rom:G:e:rman:.答案M nB:C:hag:rin:de:ri:ve:sf:rom:Turki:sh:.分]

27.What isthe trendintheEnglish languagethatthisbook emphasizes[2A:The:E:ngli:sh:lang:uage:i:s bee:oming:a:ssimila:ted:wi:th:othe:r lang:uage:s.B:D:iffe:rence:sbe:tween:lang:uage:sa:re:m:ore:and:m:ore:ob:vi:ous.C:The:E:ngli:sh:lang:uage:i:sal:wa:ys ab:sorbing:word:sf:rom:othe:r lang:uage:sand:turning:them:in:to i:ts own:.D:The:E:ngli:sh:lang:uage:i:s g:rad:uall:y I:osing:i:ts ling:ui:Stic:vi:tali:ty.答案C:The:E:ngli:sh:lang:uage:i:sal:wa:ys ab:sorbing:word:sf:rom:othe:r lang:uage:sand:turning:them:in:toi:ts own:.分]

28.Why doesthe authorquote thepaintings byGiuseppe Arcimboldo[2A:L:ang:uage:i:s like:vege:table:sand:f:rui:ts.B:L:ang:uage:i:sc:om:posed:of:va:ri:ous c:ol:ourf:ul:elemen:ts.C:L:ang:uage:can:be:seen:a:s va:ri:ous pic:ture:s.答案D:M:ost word:sin:lang:uage:sha:ve:thei:rorigin:sin:vege:table:s orf:rui:ts.B:L:ang:uage:i:sc:om:posed:of:va:ri:ous c:ol:ourf:ul:elemen:ts.

29.Which ofthefollowingmay NOTbe thereason oflanguage integrationaccording tothe分]text[2A:C:ul:tural:c:omm:unica:ti:on:.B:I:n:te:ma:ti:onal:trade:s.C:C:ol:oni:sm:,emig:ra:ti:on:and:immig:ra:ti:on:.D:I:n:te:rnal:m:oti:va:ti:on:of:lang:uage:s.答案D:I:n:te:rnal:m:oti:va:ti:on:of:lang:uage:s.A:A:n:in:sti:tute:tha:t aim:sa:t protec:ting:the:puri:ty of:lang:uage:.B:A:n:in:sti:tute:e:stabli:shed:b:y F:rance:to prom:ote:F:rench:ed:uca:ti:on:in:the:world:.C:A:n:in:sti:tute:of:F:rance:tha:tha:ve:all:the:ren:owned:sch:ola:rsin:F:rance:.D:A:n:in:sti:tute:of:highe:r ed:uca:ti:on:in:F:rance:,e:speciall:y fam:ous f:ori:tsa:uthen:tic:lang:uage:ed:uca:ti:on:.答案A:A:n:in:sti:tute:tha:t aim:sa:t protec:ting:the:puri:tyof:lang:uage:.Text3Yamato,the ancientname ofJapan,essentially meansbig harmony.To achievesuchbalance,Japanese societyhas refineda plethoraof culturaltraits:humility,loyalty,respect andconsensus.In thefield ofbusiness,however,this oftenresults ina lackof leaderswho arewillingto standout fromthe crowd,promote themselvesand actdecisively.The nailthatsticks upgets hammereddown isa commonJapanese refrain;the hawkwith talenthideshis talonsis another.Whereas Americanand Europeanbosses liketo appearonthecovers ofglobalbusiness magazines,their Japanesecounterparts arecomfortable intheir obscurity.Business inJapan isgenerally runasagroup endeavor.Such democraticvirtues servedthecountrywell inthe post-war period.But todaythey holdtoomany Japanesefirms back.Japan boastssome ofthebestcompanies inthe world:Toyota,Canon andNintendo arethe envyoftheirindustries.But theyoperate ona globalscale andhavetentatively embracedsome unconsensualAmerican methods.In muchoftheJapaneseeconomy-especially itshuge domesticservices sector-managers arein somethingof afunk.Firms donot givepromising youngstersresponsibility earlyon,but allocatejobs byage.Unnecessarily longworking hoursarethenorm,sapping productivity.And thereare fewwomenand foreignersin seniorroles,which narrowsthe talentpool.So howpleasing itis tobe ableto reportthe successofabusiness leaderwho breaksthemould.Young,dynamic andclever,he isnot afraidto pushaside old,conservative know-nothings.He disdainscorporate politicsand promotespeople basedon meritrather thanseniority.He canmake mistakeshe gotinvolved ina questionabletakeover-defence scheme,but he is wildlypopular withsalarymen:his everymove ischronicled weekly.In Junehe wasgiventhe topjob atone ofJapans biggestfirms.Kosaku Shimaof HatsushibaGoyo Holdingshasonly oneserious shortcoming:heisnotareal person,but amanga,or cartoon,character.For manycritics ofJapan,that saysit all:Mr.Shimacouldexist onlyinfiction.In factthere isroomforthecountrys managersand evenits politiciansto learnfrom him.Most ofthe lessonsare forJapans managers.At present,bosses rarelysay whatthey thinkbecauseitmightdisrupt theharmony,orbeseen asimmodest.Their subordinatesarereluctant tochallenge ideasbecause thatwould causethe bossto loseface.So daftstrategiesfester ratherthan gettingculled quickly.There islittle risk-taking orinitiative.The cruxof theproblemis Japanesecompanies cultureof consensus-based decision-making.Callednemawashiliterally,going aroundthe rootsor ringibottom-up decisions,it helpedtoestablish anegalitarian workplace.In the1980s Westernmanagement consultantscooed thatitwasthesource ofJapans competitivestrength.Sometimes itcanbe,as in。