2012年考研英语全真模拟题一

年考研英语全真模拟题

（一）2012Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose thebest words for eachnumbered blankandmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET

1.10pointsMany foreignerswho havenot visitedBritain callall theinhabitants English,for they are usedtothinking of the BritishIsles asEngland.1,the BritishIsles contain a variety of peoples,andonly the people ofEngland callthemselves English.The others2to themselvesas Welsh,Scottish,or Irish,3the casemay be;they areoften slightlyannoyed4being classifiedas“English”oEven inEngland there are many5in regionalcharacter andspeech.The chief6is betweensouthernEngland andnorthern England.South of a7going fromBristol toLondon,peoplespeak thetype ofEnglish usuallylearnt byforeign students,8there arelocal variations.Further northregional speechis usually9than that of southernBritain.Northerners are10toclaim that they workharder thanSoutherners,and aremore

11.They areopen-hearted andhospitable;foreigners oftenfind that they makefriends with them

12.Northerners generallyhavehearty13:the visitorto Lancashireor Yorkshire,for instance,may lookforward toreceivinggenerous14at mealtimes.In accentand characterthepeopleof theMidlands15agradual changefrom thesouthern to the northerntype ofEnglishman.In Scotland the sound16by theletter R is generallya strongsound,and“Ris often pronouncedin words in whichitwould be17in southernEnglish.The Scots are saidto be a serious,cautious,thrifty people,18inventive andsomewhat mystical.All theCeltic peoples of Britain the Welsh,the Irish,theScots arefrequently19as beingmore“fiery”than the English.They are20a racethat isquitedistinct from theEnglish.289words暴躁的，易怒的Notes:fiery分]

1.[

0.5A:I:n:c:on:se:quence:B:I:n:b:rief:C:I:n:gene:ral:D:I:n:fac:t答案:D:I:n:fac:t分]

2.[

0.5A:c:onfine:B:a:ttach:C:refe:r答案C:i:s pa:ralleling:ad:ve:rti:sing:me:th:od:s in:tradi:ti:onal:b:usine:ss se:tting:s.分］

32.The secondand third paragraphs arewritten in order toillustrate^A:the:polic:y I:n:te:me:t ad:ve:rti:se:rs de:sign:to I:ure:clien:tele:and:i:ts outc:ome:.B:the:proce:ss and:mi:xed:c:on:se:quence:s of:I:n:te:me:t ad:ve:rti:sing:and:sh:opping:.C:the:bigge:st spla:sh:I:n:te:me:t ad:ve:rti:se:rs ha:ve:recen:tl:y made:in:sale:s prom:oti:on:s.D:the:banne:rs I:n:te:rne:t ad:ve:rti:se:rs take:ad:van:tage:of:to a:rouse:c:ustome:rsin:te:re:st.答案A:the:polio:y I:n:te:rne:t ad:ve:rti:se:rs de:sign:to I:ure:clien:tele:and:i:tsoutc:ome:.

33.Analyzing thecurrent state of theonline advertisingin paragraph4,the authorimplies［分］that2A:i:t ha:s to be:m:odified:ove:r time:to remain:effec:ti:ve:.B:f:or all:i:ts c:urren:t profi:ts,i:t will:fade:in:the:I:ong:run:.C:banne:rs a:re:beginning:to I:ose:thei:r ad:ve:rti:sing:efficienc:y.D:I:n:te:me:t ad:ve:rti:sing:me:th:od:s will:c:on:tin:ue:to dec:rea:se:sale:s.答案A:i:t ha:s to be:m:odified:ove:r time:to remain:effec:ti:ve:.［分］

34.The expressiondo the trick in the last paragraph mostprobably means2A:c:ome:to the:poin:t.B:f:ulfill:thei:r purpose:.C:fail:of:thei:r succe:ss.D:li:ve:up to thei:r promi:se:.答案B:f:ulfill:thei:r purpose:.分］

35.The authors attitude towardonline advertisingcan besummarized as2A:re:se:rved:c:on:sen:t b:ut di:sc:on:ten:t.B:objec:ti:ve:anal:ysi:s void:of:opini:on:s.C:en:th:usia:Stic:support b:ut sligh:t c:on:tem:pt.D:a:pproval:so fa:r b:ut unce:rtain:ty in:the:f:uture:.答案D:a:pproval:so fa:r b:ut unce:rtain:ty in:the:f:uture:.Text4Picture-taking is a techniqueboth forreflecting theobjective world and forexpressing thesingularself.Photographs depictobjective realities that alreadyexist,though only the cameracandisclose them.And theydepict anindividual photographers temperament,discoveringitself throughthe cameras cropping ofreality.That is,photography hastwo directly oppositeideals:in thefirst,photography is about the worldand the photographer isamere observerwhocounts for little;but in the second,photography is the instrument of fearlessness,questing subjectivity and thephotographerisall.These conflictingideals arisefromuneasiness on the part of bothphotographers andviewers ofphotographs toward theaggressive componentin takinga picture.Accordingly,the idealof aphotographer asobserveris attractingbecause itimplicitly deniesthat picture-taking isan aggressiveact.Theissue,of course,is not so clear-cut.What photographersdo cannotbe characterizedas simplypredatoryor assimply,and essentially,benevolent.As aconsequence,one idealofpicture-taking or the otheris alwaysbeing rediscoveredand championed.An importantresultof thecoexistence of these twoideals isa recurrentambivalence towardphotographys means.Whatever arethe claims that photographymight maketo bea formof personalexpressionjust likepainting,itsoriginality isclosely linkedto thepower ofa machine.The steady growth of these powers hasmade possiblethe extraordinary informativeness andimaginative formalbeauty of manyphotographs,like Harold Edgertons high-speed photographs ofabullet hittingits targetor oftheswirls andeddies ofa tennisstroke.But ascameras becomemore sophisticated,moreautomated,some photographersare temptedto disarmthemselves orto suggestthat theyare not reallyarmed,preferring tosubmit themselves to thelimit imposedby pre-moderncamera technologybecause acruder,less high-powered machineis thoughtto givemoreinteresting oremotive results,to leavemore roomfor creativeaccident.For example,it hasbeenvirtually apoint ofhonor for many photographers,including WalkerEvans andCartierBresson,to refuseto usemodern equipment.These photographershave cometo doubtthevalue of the cameraas aninstrument offast seeingCartier Bresson,in fact,claimsthat theomodern cameramay seetoo fast.This ambivalencetoward photographicmeans determines（）trends intaste.The cult of the future offaster andfaster seeingalternates overtime with thewish toreturn to a purerpast whenimages hada handmadequality.This longingfor someprimitivestateof the photographicenterprise iscurrently widespreadand underlies thepresent-day enthusiasmfor daguerreotypesand thework offorgotten nineteenth-centuryprovincial photographers.Photographers andviewers ofphotographs,it seems,need（）periodically toresist theirown knowingness.451words播种修剪（树木）,收割无关紧要掠夺成性的Notes:crop vt.count forlittle predatorychampion冠军;支持好心肠的，行善的矛盾心理（不定式）似乎n,vt.benevolent ambivalencemake+要:（他似乎要开始了）漩涡狂热崇拜He makesto begin.swirls andeddies cultdaguerreotypes（初期的）银板照相法分]

36.The twodirectlyoppositeideals ofphotography differprimarily in the[2A:em:pha:si:stha:t each:place:s on:the:em:oti:onal:im:pac:tof:the:fini:shed:prod:uc:t.B:deg:ree:of:technical:kn:owledge:tha:t each:re:qui:re:s of:the:ph:otog:ra:phe:r.C:wa:y in:which:each:define:s the:role:of:the:ph:otog:ra:phe:r.D:e:xten:tof:the:powe:r tha:t each:re:qui:re:s of:the:ph:otog:ra:phe:rs e:qui:pmen:t.答案c wa:y in:which:each:define:s the:role:of:the:ph:otog:ra:phe:r.

37.According toparagraph2,the interestamong photographers in each of the分]photographys twoideals can be describedas[2A:steadil:yg:rowing:.B:c:yclicall:y rec:urring:.C:c:on:tin:uousl:y al:te:ring:.D:spon:tane:ousl:y occ:urring:.答案B:c:yclicall:y rec:urring:.分]

38.The textstates allof thefollowing about photographs EXCEPT:[2A:The:y can:di:spla:ya:c:ropped:reali:ty.B:The:y can:c:on:ve:y inf:orma:ti:on:.C:The:y can:de:pic:tthe:ph:otog:ra:phe:rstem:pe:ramen:t.D:The:y can:change:the:vie:we:rs sen:sibili:tie:s.答案D:The:y can:change:the:vie:we:rs sen:sibili:tie:s.分]

39.The authormentions thework ofHaroldEdgertonin order to providean exampleof[2A:the:rela:ti:on:shi:p be:tween:ph:otog:ra:phic:originali:ty and:techn:ol:og:y.[B:h:ow the:c:on:ten:tof:ph:otog:ra:ph:sha:s changed:f:rom:the:nine:teen:th:cen:tury to the:twen:tie:th:.C:the:popula:ri:ty of:high:-speed:ph:otog:ra:ph:yin:the:twen:tie:th:cen:tury.D:h:ow a:c:on:trolled:ambi:valence:towa:rd:ph:otog:ra:ph:ys mean:s can:prod:uce:outstanding:pic:ture:s.答案A:the:rela:ti:on:shi:p be:tween:ph:otog:ra:phic:original!tyand:techn:ol:og y.[分]

40.The authoris primarilyconcerned with[2A:de:sc:ribing:h:ow ph:otog:ra:phe:rsindi:vid:ual:tem:pe:ramen:tsa:re:reflec:ted:in:thei:r work:.B:e:stabli:shing:ne:w technical:standa:rd:s f:or c:on:tem:pora:ry ph:otog:ra:ph:y.C:anal:yzing:the:infl:uence:of:ph:otog:ra:phic:ideal:s on:pic:ture:-taking:.D:e:xplaining:h:ow the:technical:limi:ta:ti:on:s affec:tph:otog:ra:phe:rswork:.答案C:anal:yzing:the:infl:uence:of:ph:otog:ra:phic:ideal:s on:pic:ture:-taking:.Part BDirections:In thefollowing article,some sentenceshave beenremoved.For Questions41-45,choose themostsuitable onefrom thelist A—G tofit into eachof the numberedblanks.There aretwoextra choices,which do not fit in anyof thegaps.Mark youranswers onANSWER SHEET

1.10pointsThe firsttwo stages in the development of civilized manwere probablythe inventionofprimitive weaponsand thediscovery offire,although nobodyknows exactlywhen heacquiredthe useof thelatter.41Animals have a fewcries that serve assignals,but eventhe highestapes havenot beenfoundable topronounce words,even withthe mostintensive professionalinstruction.Thesuperior brainof manis apparentlya necessityfor themastering ofspeech.When manbecamesufficiently intelligent,we mustsuppose thathe graduallyincreased the number ofcriesfor differentpurposes.It was a greatday whenhe discoveredthat speechcould beusedfor narrative.There arethose whothink thatin thisrespect picturelanguage precededorallanguage.A mancould drawa pictureon thewall ofhis caveto showin whichdirection hehadgone,or whatprey hehoped tocatch.42Two importantstages camenot solong beforethe dawn of writtenhistory.The firstwas thedomesticationof animals;the secondwas agriculture.Agriculture madepossible an immenseincrease in thenumberof thehuman speciesin theregions whereit couldbe successfully_____________practiced.4344These inventionsand discoveries-fire,speech,weapons domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—made theexistence ofcivilized communitiespossible.From about3000B.C.until thebeginning of the Industrial Revolutionless thantwo hundredyears agothere wasno technicaladvancecomparable to these.During thislong periodman hadtime to become accustomedtohis technique,and todevelop thebeliefs andpolitical organizationsappropriate toit.Therewas,of course,animmenseextension in the areaofcivilizedlife.At firstit had been confinedto the Nile,the Euphrates,the Tigris,and theIndus,but atthe endof theperiod inquestion itcoveredmuch thegreatest partof theinhabitable globe.I donot meanto suggestthat therewasno technicalprogress during the time.45512words猿田园式的游牧部落的人幼发拉底河底Notes:ape pastoralnomad theEuphrates theTigris格里斯河印度河所谈的在名词后作后置定语theIndusin questionA.Probably picturelanguage andoral languagedeveloped sideby side.I aminclined tothinkthat languagehas beenthe most important singlefactor in thedevelopment ofman.B.Another fundamentaltechnical advancewas writing,which,like spokenlanguage,developedout ofpictures,but as soon as it hadreached acertain stage,it waspossible tokeep recordsandtransmit informationto peoplewho werenot presentwhen theinformation wasgiven.C.With thedevelopmentofcivilization,primitive peoplewho livedin cavesat thattime badlyneededa language,which wouldhelp themto communicatewith oneanother.D.The originof languageis alsoobscure.No doubtit beganvery gradually.E.ln fact,there wasprogress—there wereeven twoinventions ofvery greatimportance,namely,gunpowder andthe marinerscompass-but neitherof thesecan becompared in theirrevolutionary powerto suchthings asspeech andwriting andagriculture.F.These were,at first,only thosein whichnature fertilizedthe soilafter eachharvest.Agriculture metwith violentresistance from the pastoralnomads,but theagricultural wayoflife prevailedin theend becauseof thephysical comfortsit provided.G.But industrywasastep inhuman progressto whichsubsequently therewas nothingcomparableuntil our own machineage.分]4L[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案D:分]

42.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案A:分]

43.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案F:分]

44.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案B:分]

45.[2A:B:C:D:E:F:G:答案E:Part CDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully andthen translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Your translationshould bewritten clearlyonANSWER SHEET

2.10pointsOur dailyexistence isdivided intotwo phases,as distinctas dayand night.We callthem workand play.We workmany hoursa dayand weallow thenecessary minimumfor suchactivitiesas eatingand shopping.46The restwe spendin various activities which are knownasrecreations,an elegantword whichdisguises thefact that we usuallydonoteven playin ourhours of leisure,but spendthem invarious forms of passiveenjoyment orentertainment.We needto make,therefore,a hard-and-fast distinctionnot onlybetween workandplaybut,equally,between activeplay andpassive entertainment.47It is,I suppose,the declineofactive play—of amateursport—andtheenormous growthof purelyreceptive entertainmentwhichhave givenrise toa sociologicalinterest in the problem.If thegreater partof thepopulation,instead ofindulging insport,spend theirhours of leisure“viewing”televisionprograms,there willinevitably bea declinein healthand physique.In addition,we haveyet totracethe mentaland moralconsequences ofprolonged dietof sentimentalor sensationalspectacleson thescreen.48There is,if weare optimistic,the possibilitythat thediet is toothin andunnourishing to have muchpermanent effecton anybody.Nine films out often seemtoleave absolutelyno impressionon themind orimagination ofthose whohave seenthem.49It isonly whenentertainment is active,participated in,practiced,that itcan properlybecalled play,and assuch it isanatural useofleisure.In that sense playstands incontrast towork,and isusually regardedas anactivity thatalternates withwork.Work itselfis nota singleconcept.We sayquite generallythat wework inordertomake aliving.Some of us workphysically,tilling theland,minding themachines,digging thecoal;others workmentally,keeping accounts,inventing machines,teaching andpreaching,managing andgoverning.50There doesnot seemto beany factorcommon toall thesediverseoccupations,except thatthey consumeour time,and leaveus littleleisure.356words分]

46.[2参考答案其余的时间我们则花在称之为娱乐的各种活动上“娱乐”是一个文雅的词,它掩盖了这样一个事实,即我们通常甚至在闲暇时间也不是在娱乐，而是把闲暇时间花在各种形式的消极的享受或消遣上分]

47.[2参考答案我想,正是积极娱乐（业余体育运动）的减少以及纯粹感官消遣的大量增加才引起社会学对这个问题的关注分]

48.[2参考答案如果我们乐观的话,这种精神食粮（电视节目）就可能是空虚乏味的，因而不会对任何人产生许多持久的影响分]

49.[2参考答案只有当消遣是积极的、自己参与并实践了的时候，它才能真正被称为娱乐,并且只有这样，它才是一种对闲暇的正常支配分]

50.[2参考答案所有这些形形色色的职业，除了都消耗我们的时间，给我们留下很少空闲外，就没有任何共同之处了Section IllWritingPartA

51.Directions:Read thefollowing Chinesetext andwrite anabstract ofitin80-100English wordson（）ANSWER SHEET

2.10points帮助孩子重新振作孩子得不到帮助后果可能很严重根据一次全国性调查，父母离婚或分居的小孩在接下来的年内比别的小孩更有可能出现健康问题父母离婚的小孩留级率或停学率可能是别的小孩的两倍，3需要咨询的概率很可能比别的小孩多倍仅仅靠时间无法愈合这类精神创伤，这些孩子需要成年3人的帮助下面提供项策略是我在为这类有问题的家庭提供咨询时总结出来的

一、尽早将真3相告诉小孩我们提出了以下几个办法亲自向孩子透露令人沮丧的消息当孩子意识到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某个人共同分享真相时，他能正确面对几乎任何事如果有可能，离婚的父母双方在孩子听到他们离婚的消息时都应在场如果家庭压力与一个意外事故有关，要说清楚事故的原委否则,有些孩子会产生无端的负罪感如果有较大的突发事件要小心地解释家庭生活可能会发生的变化对孩子来说，了解任何事实比不明就里强

二、鼓励孩子将自己的情绪讲出来但如果孩子还没准备好，也别强迫他们小孩子和成年人一样，也需要谈谈自己的缺憾你可以用下面几个方法帮他们敞开心扉发生悲剧时,首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和烦恼以便使孩子更容易表达出他们的感受然后问些能引导进一步讨论的问题跟孩子谈话要挑选适当的时机和场合如果你无法用言语表达痛苦或担忧，可以考虑给你的孩子写一封信让孩子理解你的内心感受很重要，这样他们才能更好地理解他们自己的感受

三、着眼于未来我在伊利诺伊州的几个朋友改建了住房改建工程完成一个星期后，一场大火毁灭了房子，全家人差点儿葬身火海过后,父母和孩子们坐下来谈话“一切都过去了:‘母亲说，“以后的生活绝不会跟以前一样,一定会再好起来的”经过一年的努力，全家人搬进了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地他们的财产比以前少多了，但是他们感情上变坚强了，决心在生活上翻开新的一页当危机袭来时，不健康的家庭会分崩离析健康的家庭会向前看，重新构建他们通常会遵照下面的条基本原则3做父母的得先治愈自己的创伤如果父母中的一方或父母双方带头的话孩子就比较容易从一次较大的家庭挫折中重新振作起来衣阿华州立大学的一些研究人员在研究中西部个家庭的青少年受家450庭经济困难的影响时发现，家庭经济问题对十几岁少年的影响比其父母对家庭经济问题的反应要小把注意力重新放到家庭的价值上不要哀叹因为你的配偶丢掉了他或她的工作你就再也不能享受某些活动了，不要喋喋不休地谈论毁于一场洪水或火灾的家庭录影集让小孩子参与对某些事情的决策,让他们感到自己在做贡献一年春天,一个有几个小孩的朋友意识到,她那有病的、上了年纪的祖母再也无法自理，将不得不搬到他们那栋个卧室的简陋房子里父母立即和岁的儿子、两岁的37女儿讨论这个问题“我们都必须尽力帮助她“母亲说，“曾祖母需要一个自己的房间”她对7岁的儿子说“你妹妹还在睡婴儿床,所以曾祖母只有睡你的床了”这男孩将不得不睡在客厅的沙发床上“太好了!”男孩说，他为能参与这一重要的家庭决定而感到高兴，“我要让她住我的房间”老太太搬进来后，孩子们似乎能感受到她的需求，无论什么时候，只要她在场，他们甚至会停止惯常的争吵年,在做了年的单身母亲后，我再婚了这件事并没有给我200714那个已成年的儿子带来很大的压力，但这毕竟是一个很大的调整我耐心地等待着他们对这一重3大变化完全适应的迹象一天晚上，儿子们晚饭后要一起出去，他们一一跟我吻别道晚安当他们走近我的丈夫马蒂时,我料想他们要和平时一样依次跟他握手然而冼是迈克尔，然后是汤姆和蒂姆，走到马蒂跟前第一次和他拥抱那个简单动作表明他们完全接受了这个继父和我们新的家庭组合我自豪地笑了，他们做得很好他们能处理好他们未来人生道路上的任何问题为人父母，最感到知足的莫过于此字注:重新振作［分］1552bounce back10参考答案Help YourChild BounceBackWhen kidsdon tget assistance,the consequencescanbegrim.Here arethree strategiesthathave emergedfrom mywork withtroubled families:

1.Tell childrenthe factsassoon aspossible.First,break thedistressing newsyourself.Second,if thefamily stressinvolves anaccident,make itclear howthe accidenthappened.Third,with amajor emergency,carefullyexplain howfamily lifemight change.

2.Encourage childrento sharetheir emotions,but dont force themif theyarenotready.

3.Focus on the future.Parents shouldfirst healthemselves,摘要参考refocus familyvalues andthen keepchildren involvedin decisions.100words译文帮助孩子重新振作孩子得不到帮助后果可能很严重下面提供三项策略，是我在为这类有问题的家庭提供咨询时总结出来的尽早将真相告诉小孩第一,亲自向孩子透露令人沮丧的消息第二，如果家庭压力与一个意外事

1.故有关，要说清楚事故的原委第三，如果有较大的突发事件,要小心地解释家庭生活中可能会发生的变化鼓励孩子将自己的情绪讲出来，但如果孩子还没准备好，也别强迫他们

2.3,着眼于未来父母得先治愈自己的创伤把注意力重新放到家庭的价值上,并让孩子们参与对某些事情的决策Part B

52.Directions:Write anessay of160-200words basedonthefollowing picture.In youressay,you should1describe the cartoon briefly,2interpret thesocial phenomenonreflected bythecartoon,and3give yourpoint ofview.You shouldwrite itneatly onANSWER SHEET

2.20points参考答案重点作文，务必背记［参考样文］There aremany wonderfulconcerts anddramas tochoosefrom inBeijing now.But badlybehaved audiencecan sometimesspoil the show.As isdepictedin thecartoon,a singerstar isgiving aperformance,but oneof thespectators suddenlystandsup,answering hismobile phoneloudly.Then the audience getsangry abouthis impolitebehavior.It isobvious thatthe guylacks publicmorality.The picturereally setsme thinking.Now there are someyoung peoplewho disregardandeven ignorebasic theatreetiquette.For example,when theygo toa classicalconcert,theydon*t dressproperly.As arule,men needto weara suitand ladiesa dresson suchoccasions.Jeans andT-shirts andslippers area strict“no”.In addition,therearealso peoplewho tend toarrive late,which distractsboth theperformers andtheaudience.It oftenhappens thatsomeof theplaygoers areinclined towhisper,thus disturbingothers.So itis bettertobequiet andsaveconversation for the intervalor oncetheshowis over.In myopinion,every oneof us［20分］should dohis partto safeguardpublic moralsand tryhard to improve them.Only inthis waywillwe havea societywhere allofuslive incomplete harmony.213words注:划线句子为框架式句型，黑体字为语言亮点;考生应背记这些句型与亮点并灵活运用参考译文北京有许多音乐会和话剧供观众挑选但是行为不端的观众常常使演出扫兴正如本漫画所描绘的，一位歌星正在表演，但是一个观众突然站起来，大声接手机电话于是，听众对这种不礼貌的行为十分愤怒显然，这家伙缺乏公德这幅画确实发人深省!现在有许多年轻人不顾甚至不理睬剧场礼节例如，他们去听古典音乐会时，衣履不端通常，在这种场合，男子须穿西装,女子须穿裙子套装牛仔裤、恤衫和拖鞋绝对不行此外，还有些人往往迟到，这就干扰了表演者和观众常常T发生这样的事:有的看话剧的人喜欢交头接耳，因而打扰了其他观众因此,最好保持安静，等中间休息或演出结束后再谈话D:add:答案C:refe:r分]

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0.5A:wi:th:B:of:答案:C:am:ong:D:again:st B:of:Section IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers onANSWERSHEET

1.40pointsTextlWe haveknown for a longtime thatthe organizationof anyparticular society is influencedbythe definition ofthe sexes andthe distinctiondrawn between them.But wehave realizedonlyrecently thatthe identityof eachsex is notsoeasy topin down,and that definitions evolveinaccordance withdifferent types of cultureknown tous,that is,scientific discoveriesandideological revolutions.Our natureisnotconsidered asimmutable,either sociallyorbiologically.As weapproach thebeginning ofthe21st century,the substantialprogress madeinbiology andgenetics isradically challengingthe roles,responsibilities andspecificcharacteristics attributedto eachsex,and yet,scarcely twenty years ago,these werethoughtto bebeyond disputeoWecan safelysay,with afew minorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesand theirrespectivefunctions remainedunchanged inthe West from thebeginningofthe19th centuryto the1960s.The roledistinction,raised insome casestothestatus ofuncompromisingdualism on a stronglyhierarchical model,lasted throughoutthis period,appealing foritsjustification tonature,religion andcustoms allegedtohaveexisted sincethe dawnof time.The womanbore childrenand tookcare ofthe home.The manset outto conquerthe worldandwas responsiblefor thesurvival ofhis family,by satisfyingtheir needsin peacetime andgoing towar whennecessary.The entireworld orderrested onthe divergenceofthesexes.Any overlappingor confusionbetweentheroles wasseen asa threattothetime-honoredorder ofthings.It wasfelt tobe againstnature,a deviationfrom thenorm.Sex rolesweredetermined accordingtotheplace appropriatetoeach.Womens placewas,first andforemost,inthehome.The outsideworld,i.e.workshops,factories andbusiness firms,belonged tomen.This sex-based divisionoftheworld privateand publicgave risetoastrictdichotomy betweenthe attitudes,which conferredon eachits specialidentity.The woman,sequestered athome,cared,nurtured andconserved Todo this,she hadno needto beodaring,ambitious,tough orcompetitive.The man,ontheother hand,competing withhisfellow men,was caught up everyday inthe strugglefor survival,and hencedeveloped thosecharacteristicswhich werethought naturalin aman.Today,many womengo outto work,andtheir reasons for doingso havechanged considerably.Besides thetraditional financialincentives,we findambition andpersonal fulfillmentmotivating thoseinthemost favorablecircumstances,andthewish tohaveasocial lifeand toget outof theirdomestic isolationinfluencingothers.Above all,for allwomen,work isinvariably connectedwiththedesire for把…讲明确确定不可改变的independence.454words Notes:pin downimmutable dualism双重论分歧,偏离部分巧合、一致由来已久的divergence overlappingtime-honored dichotomy一分为二,对立使隔离被缠住于，如:琐sequester becaughtup in Heis caughtupinthe trivia事过度地，不恰当地of everydaythings,unduly［分］

21.It isonly inrecent years thatwehave recognizedthat2A:the:re:i:s alm:ost n:o cl:ue:tothe:idem:ti:tyof:b:oth:se:xe:s.B:the:role:di:stinc:ti:on:be:tween:diffe:ren:t se:xe:si:sc:on:spic:uous.C:the:diffe:ren:tdefini:ti:on:s of:se:xe:s bea:rs on:the:de:vel:opmen:tof:c:ul:ture:.D:the:prog:re:ss of:ci:vili:za:ti:on:g:rea:tl:y infl:uence:s the:role:defini:ti:on:s of:se:xe:s.答案D:the:prog:re:ss of:ci:vili:za:ti:on:g:rea:tl:y infl:uence:sthe:role:defini:ti:on:sof:se:xe:s.

22.From paragraph1we caninfer thatitisnow possiblefor womento embarkonacareer分］because2A:the:change:in:se:x role:si:soutof:the:que:sti:on:.B:women:s lib:ha:s been:g:oing:on:f:orman:yyea:rs.C:idea:s ab:out the:role:sof:women:ha:ve:been:changing:.D:the:e:xpan:si:on:of:science:s sea:reel:y rem:old:sthe:women:s role:s.答案C:idea:s ab:out the:role:sof:women:ha:ve:been:changing:.分］

23.The authorbelieves thatsex discriminationintheWest beforethe1960s was12A:prefe:rable:.B:pre:valen:t.C:pre:sumable:.D:preceden:t.答案B:pre:valen:t.分］

24.According tothe fourthparagraph,the authorseems tothink that2A:female:pa:ssi:vi:ty i:s na:tural:.B:men:and:women:a:re:ph:ysicall:y iden:tical:.C:men:a:re:b:orn:c:om:pe:ti:ti:ve:and:agg:re:ssi:ve:.D:some:diffe:ren:tse:x iden:ti:ty i:sac:qui:red:.答案D:some:diffe:ren:tse:x iden:ti:tyi:sac:qui:red:.

25.According tothe author,which ofthefollowingis themostimportantreason forwomen分］to goto work2A:Wi:sh:to claim:thei:r righ:ts and:f:reed:om:.B:A:mbi:ti:on:and:self:-f:ulfillmen:t.C:F:inancial:incen:ti:ve:s.D:D:e:si:re:f:ora:social:life:.答案A:Wi:sh:to claim:thei:r righ:ts and:f:reed:om:.Text2The domesticeconomy inthe UnitedStates expandedinaremarkably vigorousand steadyfashion.The revivalin consumerconfidence wasreflected inthe higherproportion ofincomesspent forgoods andservices andthe markedincrease inconsumer willingnessto takeoninstallment debt.A parallelstrengthening inbusiness psychologywas manifestedin astepped-up rateof plantand equipment spending anda gradualpickup inexpenses forinventory.Confidence inthe economywas alsoreflected inthe strengthofthestock marketandinthestability ofthe bondmarket.For theyear asa whole,consumer andbusinesssentiment benefitedfrom theease inEast-West tensions.The basesofthebusiness expansionweretobefound mainlyinthestimulative monetary and fiscalpolicies thathadbeenpursued.Moreover,the restorationof sounderliquidity positionsand tightermanagement controlofproduction efficiencyhad alsohelped laythe groundworkfor astrong expansion.In addition,the economicpolicy movesmade bythe Presidenthad servedto renewoptimism onthebusiness outlookwhile boostinghopes thatinflation wouldbe broughtunder moreeffectivecontrol.Finally,of course,the economywas ableto growas vigorouslyasitdid becausesufficientleeway existedin termsof idlemen andmachines.The UnitedStates balanceofpayments deficitdeclined sharply.Nevertheless,by anyother test,the deficitremained verylarge,and therewas actuallya substantialdeterioration in our tradeaccount toa sizabledeficit,almost two-thirds ofwhich waswith Japan.While theoverall tradeperformance proveddisappointing,therearestill goodreasonsforexpecting thedelayed impactof devaluationtoproduce intimeasignificant strengtheningin ourtrade picture.Given thesize ofthe Japanesecomponentof ourtrade deficit,however,the outcomewill dependimportantly onthe extentofthe correctivemeasures undertakenby Japan.Also importantwill beourownefforts intheUnited Statesto fashioninternal policiesconsistent withan improvementinourexternalbalance.The underlyingtask ofpublic policyfor theyear ahead-and indeedfor thelonger run一remained afamiliar one:to strikethe rightbalance betweenencouraging healthyeconomicgrowth andavoiding inflationary pressures.With theeconomy showingsustained andvigorousgrowth,and withthe currencycrisis highlightingthe needtoimproveourcompetitive postureinternationally,the emphasisseemed tobe shiftingtotheproblem ofinflation.The Phase Three programof wageand pricerestraint cancontribute toreducinginflation.Unless productivitygrowth isunexpectedly large,however,the expansionof realoutputmust eventuallybegin toslow downtotheeconomys largerrun growthpotential if（）generalized demandpressures onprices aretobeavoided.449words存货东西方紧张局势（与国库的钱有关的）财务Notes:inventory East-West tensionsfiscal的（常指税收）周转率，清偿力余地鉴于,由于liquidity leewaygiven thePhaseThreeprogram第三阶段计划

26.The authormentions increasedinstallment debtinthefirst paragraphinorderto show2分］A:the:c:on:tin:uing:e:xpan:si:on:of:the:ec:on:om:y.B:the:g:rowth:of:c:on:sume:r purcha:sing:powe:r.C:the:c:on:sume:rsc:onfidence:in:the:ec:on:om:y.D:the:soa:ring:c:on:sume:r inc:ome:sf:or spending:.答案C:the:c:on:sume:rsc:onfidence:in:the:ec:on:om:y.分］

27.Paragraph2mainly dealswith2A:the:re:vi:val:of:stronge:rli:quidi:ty posi:ti:on:s.B:the:stim:ula:ti:ve:m:one:ta:ryand:fi:seal:policie:s.C:the:ca:use:sof:b:usine:ss de:vel:opmen:tf:orthe:pe:ri:od:.D:ec:on:omic:polic:y mea:sure:s sugge:sted:b:ythe:Pre:siden:t.答案C:the:ca:use:sof:b:usine:ss de:vel:opmen:tf:orthe:pe:ri:od:.

28.It canbe inferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthorsattitudetowardthereduction分］oftheinternational payments deficit seems2A:bi:tte:r-swee:t.B:optimi:Stic:.答案:C:sym:pa:the:tic:D:de:pre:ssing:.A:bi:tte:r-swee:t.

29.Part ofthe publicpolicy task,as outlinedinthetext,isto2分］A:pre:ven:tpa:ymen:tsdefici:t.B:a:void:infla:ti:ona:ry pre:ssure:s.C:de:val:ue:the:d:olla:r.D:inc:rea:se:the:balance:of:trade:.答案B:a:void:infla:ti:ona:rypre:ssure:s.A:red:uced:g:ove:rnmen:tspending:.B:de:val:ua:ti:on:of:the:d:olla:r.C:prod:uc:ti:vi:ty mea:sure:s.D:wage:and:price:c:on:trol:s.答案D:wage:and:price:c:on:trol:s.Text3Shopping hasalways beensomething ofan impulseactivity,in whichobjects thatcatch ourfancywhile strollingare immediatelybought ona whim.Advertisers andsellers havetakenadvantage ofthis fact,carefully positioninginexpensive butattractive itemson pathsthat wearemost likelyto cross,hoping thatour humannature willlead toa greaterprofit for them.With thedawnofthe Internetand itsexploding useacross theworld,the sametactics apply.Advertisers nowplace banners,links tocommercial web sites decoratedwith attractivepicturesdesigned tocatch oureyes whilebrowsing thewebs,on keyweb siteswith heavytraffic.They paytop dollarfortheright,thus creatingprofits forthe hostingwebsiteas well.These actionsare performedinthehopes thatduringthecourse ofour casualand leisurelywebsurfing,well clickon thatbanner thatsparks ourinterest andthus,in theory,buy theproductsadvertised.Initial resultshave beenpositive.Web sitesreport ahuge inflowof cash,both fromthe advertiserswho tempt customers inwiththebanners andthe hostingweb sites,whicharepaid forallowing thebanners tobe putin place.As trustand confidencein Internetbuyingincreases andinformation securityis heightenedwith newtechnology,the volumeofbuying isincreasing,leading toeven greaterprofits.The currentsituation,however,is notquiteas optimistic.Just asmagazine readerstendtounconsciously ignoreadvertisements intheirfavorite periodicals,web browsersare beginningto allowbanners toslip theirnotice aswell.Internet usersrespond tothe floodof bannersby viewingthem asannoyances,anegative imagethat ishurting sales,since usersare nowless reluctantto clickon thosebanners,preferring notto supportthe systemthat putsthem inplace.If Internetadvertisingis tocontinue tobeaviable andprofitable businesspractice,new methodswill needto beconsideredto reinvigoratethe industry.With therecent depressioninthetechnology sectorandslowing economy,even newpractices maynot dothetrick.As consumersare savingmoreand frequentingtraditional realestate businessesover theirInternet counterparts,thefate ofInternet businessis calledinto question.The comingyears willbe theonly reliableindicationof whethershopping ontheworldwide webis thewave ofthefutureor simplyanimpulse activitywhose whimhas passed.404words心血潮冲浪在理论上，顺理成章访问率高的Notes:onawhim surfv.in theoryhosting o质疑，对…提出疑问call……into question分]

31.It canbe learnedfromthefirst paragraphthat Internetadvertising^A:ha:s taken:the:place:of:m:ore:tradi:ti:onal:me:th:od:sof:ad:ve:rti:sing:.[B:i:s one:of:the:m:ost effec:ti:ve:wa:ys tomake:profi:ts on:the:web:.C:i:s pa:ralleling:ad:ve:rti:sing:me:th:od:sin:tradi:ti:onal:b:usine:ss se:tting:s.D:seek:stotem:ptc:ustome:rsth:rough:im:pul:se:sh:opping:me:th:od:s.。