中考英语二轮复习知识点清单（10）非谓语动词

非谓语动词一一中考英语知识清单10

一、非谓语动词的定义动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词

二、动词不定式动词不定式的形式

1.动词原形在某些情况下可以不带to+to没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化一般式1表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生主动语态to do被动语态to bedone否定形式not+to do进行式2表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生主动语态to be doing被动语态无否定形式not tobedoing完成式3表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生主动语态to have done被动语态to havebeen done否定形式not tohavedone动词不定式的用法

2.作主语1例To learn a foreign language isnot easy.=Its noteasy to learnaforeign language.2作表语例The mostimportant thingis tofinish thework ontime.作宾语3

①动词+todo常用动词有等agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford例He decidedto buya newwatch.

②动词+疑问词+todo例I dontknow where to putthe bike.

③动词+形式宾语+宾补it+to do彳列I findit important tolearna secondforeignlanguage.作补语4

①动词+宾语+todo常用动词有等tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,encourage彳列Tom askedme toshow himthe newshoes.

②动词+宾语+不带的动词to常用动词有等see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let例He oftensaw Tomplay football.作状语5

①表示目的彳列He wentto Guangzhouto seehis sons.He gotup earlyin orderto catchthe firstbus.

②表示结果彳列He istoo tiredto walkany farther.They arentold enoughto goto school.

③表示原因彳列He issorry tohear that.I amglad tosee you.作定语6彳列I havesomething totell you.I wantto buysomething toeat.动词不定式的省略

3.to在感官动词及使役动词等后面要省1feel,hear,see,watch,notice have,let,make但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to,toI oftensaw himgo out of the room.He wasoften seento gooutoftheroomby me.在等后面常省2had better,would rather,do nothingbut to动词不定式的否定形式有时也可以用结构not+to do,never+to do

三、动名词动名词的形式

1.动词原形具有名词、动词一些特征+ing一般式11表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生主动语态doing被动语态being done否定形式not doing彳列I regretnot beingable tohelp you.完成式2表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生主动语态having+done被动语态having been+done否定形式not having done彳列Children enjoywatching animatedcartoon.I dontremember havingever seenthe film.动名词的用法

2.作主语1

①动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语代替it例Learning Englishis veryimportant.It*s veryimportanttolearn English.

②动名词表示“禁止”No+No smoking,No parking.作宾语2彳列He finisheddoing hishomework.作表语3例His favouritesport isplaying basketball.作定语4表明名词的用途、功能等例shopping basket,finishing line.动名词的复合结构5名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词例Do youmind my/Wei Fangsopening thewindow

四、分词动词原形具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征可分为现在分词、过去分词+ing/+ed一现在分词现在分词的形式

1.一般式11表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生主动语态doing被动语态being done否定形式not doing例Not knowingwheretogo,she wentto thepolice forhelp.她不知道该往哪儿走，就去请警察帮助完成式2表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生主动语态havingdone被动语态having beendone否定形式not havingdone例Not havingdone itright,I triedagain.我由于没有做对，所以又试了试现在分词的用法

2.作表语1例The resultis surprising.（）作定语2例（主谓关系）Developing country（所做的动作）sleeping boyboy（）作状语3例Passing by the house,he sawa girlplaying thepiano.=when he was passingbythehouse,he sawa girlplaying thepiano.（）作宾补4例I foundhim lyingon thegrass.

（二）过去分词过去分词的形式

1.一般是由动词加构成-ed否定形式not done过去分词的用法

2.（）作表语1例My bikeis broken.He isvery worried.（）作定语2彳列developed country,fallen leaves,spoken English.（）作状语3彳列Asked why he was absent,he saidhe wasill.=When hewas askedwhyhewasabsent,he saidhewasill.（）作宾补4彳列You hadbetter haveyour shoesmended.I hadmy haircut yesterday.。