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华中师大一附中学年度上学期期末检测2024-2025高二年级英语试题时间120分钟满分:150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上第一节（共5小题；每小题
1.5分,满分
7.5分）听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍例How muchis theshirtA.£
19.
15.B.£
9.
18.C.£
9.
15.答案是Co
1.What does the womanadvise the man to doA.Stop adjustinghis novel.B.Tun toeditors foropinions.C.Publish hisnovel rightaway.
2.Where arethe speakersA.At the mans house.B.At Joeshome.C.In acar.
3.Who isthemanprobably talkingtoA.His wife.B.A laundrywoman.C.A salesperson.
4.What doesthe womanoffer todo forthe manA.Give hima ride.B.Buy himsome medicine.C.Make adoctors appointment.
5.Why doesthe womanexpect tosee Mr.JohnsonA.To saysorry tohim.B.To gether lostwallet back.C.To expressher gratitude.第二节（共15小题；每小题
1.5分、满分
22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A.B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍，听第6段材料，回答第
6、7题
6.Where arcthe speakersA.In Paris.B.In London.C.In NewYork.
12.What can be inferredfrom Paragraph2A.The midwifestudents didbetter thanthe doctors.B.Midwife studentshad noaccess todead bodies.C.The trainingof midwiveswas verysuccessful.D.Young mothershad higherrisks ofdying.
13.What doesthe underlinedword authormean inParagraph4A.Writer.B.Founder.C.Suspect.D.Producer.
14.Why didSemmelweiss colleaguesinitially disapproveof hisfindingA.They wereuncertain about their mistakes.B.They werebetter doctorsthan Ignaz.C.It contradictedthe populartheory.D.It lackedclear objectiveevidence.
15.What isthe besttitle forthe articleA.Semmelweis Effect:when factsbeat beliefs.B.Semmelweis Effect:when beliefsbeat facts.C.Hand Washing:a revolutionarydiscovery.D.Hand Washing:an ignoredpractice.【答案】
12.B
13.D
14.C
15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了塞麦尔维斯效应，即人们倾向于自动拒绝与现有思维或信仰相矛盾的新信息，以塞麦尔维斯推广洗手消毒措施遇阻为例进行说明【题详解】12推理判断题根据第二段中“Imagine thehospital in the1840s.It was the biggestmedical institutionin theAustro-Hungarian capital,a centerof European science,where doctorsnot onlycared forpatients,but alsoperformed（解剖）.（想象——下世纪年代的医院autopsies to learn more about thehuman bodyand trainedstudents1940它是奥匈帝国首都最大的医疗机构，是欧洲科学的中心，医生们不仅照顾病人，还进行尸检，以了解更多关于人体的知识,并培训学生）和“At times,the youngdoctor was terrified to learn that in his department,where doctors and（助产土）medical students worked,the deathrate wasmuch higherthan in the seconddepartment,where midwifestudentswere trained.After manyobservations,he figuredout that doctors and students working on dead bodies and other patients有时,这位年轻的医生惊恐地发现，在他所在的有医生和医学生工were spreading bacteria to women inchildbirth作的科室，死亡率比第二个有助产士学生接受培训的科室要高得多经过多次观察，他发现处理尸体和其他病人的医生和学生正在将细菌传播给分娩的妇女）”可知，有医生和医学生工作的科室死亡率高，而助产士学生所在科室死亡率低，因为医生和医学生会接触尸体，会传播细菌导致产妇死亡由此推知，助产士学生接触不到尸体，所以一般不会传播导致产妇死亡第页/共页1023佥学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan.xkw.com的细菌故选项B【题详解】13词句猜测题根据划线词所在句“A doctoras the author ofdeath andillness insteadof alifesaver was an unacceptable.（医生成为死亡和疾病的而不是救命者，这是一个大多数人都不愿接受的不idea thatmost didnot wantto accept可接受的想法）”和前文提到医生因不洗手将细菌传播给产妇导致死亡可知，这里说医生是死亡和疾病的制造者划线词意为“制造者”,与同义故选项author producerD【题详解】14细节理解题根据第四段中“Despite hisclear and well documentedevidence,Semmelweiss efforts to introduce handwashing anddisinfecting afterevery treatment,received littlesupport fromhis colleagues.At thetime,the popularmedical（尽管塞麦尔维斯有明确且记录详实的证theory held that diseaseswere spreadby thebad aircaused byrotten matter.据，但他在每次治疗后引入洗手和消毒措施的努力几乎没有得到同事们的支持当时:流行的医学理论认为疾病是由腐烂物质产生的污浊空气传播的）”可知，他的同事最初不认可他的发现是因为这与当时流行的理论相矛盾故选项C【题详解】15主旨大意题通读全文，尤其结合文章第一段中“The Semmelweis effect refersto thetendency to automatically rejectnew information or knowledge becauseit contradictscurrent thinkingor beliefs.This isoften seenin science and academics（塞麦尔维斯效应指的是由于新when anew theoryis putforward thatmost peopledont wantto acceptimmediately.信息或知识与当前的思维或信念相矛盾，人们会自动拒绝新信息或知识在科学和学术界，当一个新理论被提出，大多数人不愿意立即接受时，这种情况经常出现）”可知，文章主要介绍了塞麦尔维斯效应，即人们会因为新信息与现有思维或信仰相矛盾而自动拒绝它，塞麦尔维斯推广洗手消毒的事实因与当时流行理论不符而不被接受，说明是信仰战胜了事实故项（塞麦尔维斯效应信念战胜B SemmelweisEffect:when beliefsbeat facts事实）”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题故选项B第二节（共5小题；每小题
2.5分，满分
12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项The Impactof Intelligent media onIntercultural CommunicationWith the development of scienceand technology,the mediapresents thecharacteristics ofintelligence.16Due to these characteristics,it hastransformed communication,enabling individualsand businessesto interactglobally.However,its rapidgrowth bringsboth positiveand negativeconsequences forintercultural communication.第17Social mediaplatform usersconstantly postpictures orvideos coveringa wide range of topics,with页/共页1123others liking,commenting,or sharingthem.Through theseinteractions,individuals areexposed to diverse perspectivesand lifestyles,building cross-cultural relationshipsand enhancingtheir interculturalcompetence.18Some companiesusing real-time translationplatforms cannegotiate contractsand establishpartnerships withinternational customers without language barriers.However,intelligent mediacan alsonegatively affectintercultural communication.For example,social mediaplatformsoften focuson popularcontent,such asjokes ortrends,which maysimplify ormisrepresent certaincultures.This doesntencourage genuinecultural appreciation.19Additionally,the influenceof globalizedmedia contentmayovershadow localtraditions,causing smallercultures tolose theirunique identity.As aresult,intelligent media,whileconnecting people,can sometimescreate barriersto deeperintercultural understanding.In conclusion,while intelligent media promotesglobal cross-cultural exchange,it createstensions within the valuesexchangedacross cultures.As thedigital worldcontinues toexpand,it iscrucial tostrike abalance betweenembracinginnovation and preserving our cultural roots.20A.Numerous platformscreate andshare shortvideos.B.Besides,international businessrelationship isstrengthened.C.Most probably,users personalinformation mightbe leaked.D.Intelligent mediais cross-regional,virtual,timely,and cheap.（偏见）.E.Instead itleads tomisunderstandings anddeepens biasesF.By doingthis,we canfully unlockthe benefitsof intelligentmedia.G.Intelligentmediaencourages peopleto showcasethemselves andconnect online.【答案】
16.D
17.G
18.B
19.E
20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了智能媒体对跨文化交流的影响【题详解】16根据前文.（随“With thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,the mediapresents thecharacteristics ofintelligence着科技的发展，媒体呈现出智能化的特点）”可知，接下来应阐述智能媒体的特点选项“智能媒体具有跨D地域、虚拟、及时、廉价的特点”指出智能媒体具有跨区域、虚拟、及时和成本低的特点，符合语境，故选D【题详解】17此空位于段首，是段落主题句根据后文uSocial mediaplatform usersconstantly postpictures orvideoscovering awiderangeoftopics,with othersliking,commenting,or sharingthem.Through theseinteractions,individualsare exposed todiverse perspectives andlifestyles,building cross-cultural relationshipsand enhancingtheir intercultural.（社交媒体平台用户不断发布涵盖广泛主题的图片或视频，其他人喜欢，评论或分享通过这些互competence动，个人接触到不同的观点和生活方式，建立跨文化关系，提高跨文化能力）”可知，后文提到社交媒体平台用户不断发布图片或视频，其他人进行互动，这表明智能媒体鼓励人们展示自己并在网上建立联系选项“智G能媒体鼓励人们在网上展示自己，建立联系”符合文意，故选G【题详解】18根据上文uThrough theseinteractions,individuals areexposedtodiverseperspectivesandlifestyles,building.（通过这些互动，个人接触到不同的观点和cross-cultural relationshipsand enhancingtheir interculturalcompetence生活方式，建立跨文化关系，提高跨文化能力）”可知，前文说的是智能媒体对个人跨文化交流的积极影响，结合后文“Some companiesusing real-time translationplatforms cannegotiate contractsand establishpartnerships with（一些使用实时翻译平台的公司可以在没有语言障碍的情况下与internationalcustomerswithoutlanguagebarriers.国际客户谈判合同并建立合作伙伴关系）”提到一些公司利用实时翻译平台与国际客户谈判合同和建立合作关系，所以此空应过渡到智能媒体对国际商务关系的积极影响选项“此外，国际贸易关系被加强了符合语B境，故选B【题详解】19根据上文u However,intelligentmediacan alsonegatively affectintercultural communication.For example,social mediaplatformsoften focuson popularcontent,such asjokes ortrends,which maysimplify ormisrepresent certaincultures.（然而，智能媒体也会对跨文化交际产生负面影响例如，社This doesntencourage genuinecultural appreciation.交媒体平台通常关注流行内容，如笑话或趋势，这可能会简化或歪曲某些文化这并不能鼓励真正的文化欣赏）”可知，前文提到社交媒体平台对某些文化的简化或错误呈现不利于真正的文化欣赏，此空应进一步说明这种情况导致的后果选项“相反，它会导致误解和加深偏见”指出它会导致误解并加深偏见，符合文意，故选E E【题详解】20根据上文“In conclusion,while intelligentmedia promotesglobal cross-cultural exchange,it createstensions within thevalues exchangedacross cultures.As thedigital worldcontinues toexpand,it iscrucial tostrike abalance between（总之，智能媒体在促进全球跨文化交流的同时，也在跨文embracing innovation andpreservingourculturalroots.化交流的价值观中制造了紧张关系随着数字世界的不断扩大，在拥抱创新和保护我们的文化根源之间取得平衡至关重要）”可知前文提到在拥抱创新和保护文化根源之间取得平衡至关重要，此空应说明这样做的好处选项“这样才能充分释放智能媒体的红利”符合语境，故选F F第页/共页1323套学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.com第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）-第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项Mr.Boggis was an antiquefurniture dealerin London.Years ago,he accidentallyfound twoantique armchairsin afarmhouseand gotit with one twentiethof itstrue21,This discoveryinspired himto22the（牧师）countryside for hidden treasureson Sundays,23to bea priestof alocal church.One day,Boggis visitedseveral housesbut withno
24.On anotherfarm,he mettwo farmers:（斗柜）一Rummins andhis son.Inside thesimple room,Boggis25a Chippendalecommode a valuable18th-century piece.Though coveredin dirtypaint,it was a dealersdream.He couldnthelp lettingout“Good God!^^but hereactedquick.When askedwhy,he26a heartissue tomask his excitement.He neededto keepcalm beforehe27the deal.（橡木）,Boggis knockedat thecommode,“Nice oakbut a/an28reproduction,Im afraid^,shaking hishead.Rummins29the furniture,Some nicecarving onit!”Machine carved/5Boggis replied,bending downto admirethe30craftmanship.“You knowwhat”frowning asthough indeep thought,Tve alwayswanted somelegs likethese tofix ontomy tablebackhome,“Boggis said,31£10,then£15,playing downits worth.I onlywant thelegs.Therest ofit isfirewood,thats all.Eventually,they32£
20.Boggis ranto fetchhis carwhich wasparked away,finding ithard to33his excitement.While backin the house,Rummins wasproud,Fancy himgiving me£20for aload of34like this!”“You didvery nicely,dad!B...but...Can itgo inhis car”son asked.Rummins paused to considerthis alarming
35.（斧头）““Ive gotan idea!Get methe axe!Rummins startedchopping
21.A.size B.value C.weight D.meaning
22.A.search B.investigate C.guard D.flee
23.A.trying B.pretending C.hoping D.promising
24.A.outcome B.answer C.luck D.goal
25.A.suspected B.bought C.received D.spotted
26.A.suffered B.developed C.excused D.presented
27.A.quit B.delayed C.announced D.secured
28.A.detailed B.cheap C.accurate D.identical
29.A.recommended B.introduced C.described D.defended
30.A.exceptional B.shallow C.adaptable D.average
31.A.asking B.offering C.charging D.taking
32.A.argued aboutB.voted forC.settled onD.paid off
33.A.express B.share C.notice D.contain
34.A.junk B.drawers C.sticks D.craft
35.A.prospect B.suggestion C.inference D.future【答案】
21.B
22.A
23.B
24.C25D26,C
27.D
28.B
29.D
30.A
31.B
32.C
33.D
34.A
35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文主要讲述了一个古董商去乡下发现了一个值钱的古董衣柜，最终以20英镑成交,结果农夫的儿子却因为担心放不进车里把衣柜的腿砍掉了【题详解】21考查名词词义辨析句意几年前，他在一个农舍里偶然发现了两把古董扶手椅，并以其真实价值的二十分之一买下了它尺寸；价值;重量；意义根据后文”可知，椅子很A.size B.value C.weight D.meaning“for hiddentreasures值钱，所以指以其真实价值的二十分之一买下了它故选B【题详解】22考查动词词义辨析句意这一发现激发了他在星期天假装成当地教堂的牧师去乡下寻找隐藏的宝藏A.搜索；调查；守卫；逃离根据后文search B.investigate C.guard D.flee“the countrysideforhiddentreasures”可知，他开始去乡下寻找隐藏的宝藏故选A【题详解】23考查动词词义辨析句意这一发现激发了他在星期天假装成当地教堂的牧师去乡下寻找隐藏的宝藏A.trying尝试；B.pretending假装；C.hoping希望；D.promising承诺根据后文uto bea priestof alocal church”可知，他假装自己是牧师的身份故选B【题详解】24考查名词词义辨析句意一天，拜访了几户人家，但都运气不佳结果；回答；Boggis A.outcome B.answer C.luck运气；目标根据上文中表示转折，说明没有成功找D.goal“One day,Boggis visitedseveral housesbut withno”but到古董，此处为短语表示“运气不佳”故选no luckC第页/共页1523套学科网京组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.com【题详解】25考查动词词义辨析句意在这个简单的房间里，发现了一个衣柜一一一件世纪的珍贵物品Boggis Chippendale18A.suspected怀疑；B.bought购买；C.received收到；D.spotted发现根据后文ua Chippendalecommode-avaluable18th-century piecen可知，Boggis发现了一个Chippendale衣柜一件18世纪的珍贵物品故选D【题详解】26考查动词词义辨析句意当被问及原因时，他以心脏问题为借口来掩饰自己的兴奋遭受；A.suffered B.developed发展；C.excused找借口；D.presented赠送根据后文“a heartissue tomask hisexcitementv可知，他以心脏问题为借口来掩饰自己的兴奋故选C【题详解】27考查动词词义辨析句意在达成协议之前，他需要保持冷静停止；推迟；宣布；A.quit B.delayed C.announced确保根据后文可知,在他“搞定”这笔交易之前,他需要保持冷静，有“（经过努力）获得，D.secured“the deal”secure争取到”的意思，这里表示成功完成交易，故选D【题详解】28考查形容词词义辨析工句意敲了敲衣柜，摇着头说“橡木做的不错，但恐怕是廉价的复制品”BoggisA.detailed详细的;B.cheap便宜的;C.accurate准确的；D.identical同一的根据后文ureproduction,Tm afraid”可知，想压低价格，说这是一个“廉价的”仿制品，故选Boggis B【题详解】29考查动词词义辨析句意为家具辩护，“上面的雕刻很漂亮！推荐；介绍；Rummins A.recommended B.introducedC.described描述；D.defended辩解，防御根据后文uSome nicecarving onit!n可知，Rummins为这件家具“辩护”，说上面有漂亮的雕刻，防止对方压价故选D【题详解】30考查形容词词义辨析句意“机器雕刻”博吉斯回答说，弯下腰来欣赏这非凡的手艺非凡的；A.exceptional肤浅的；能适应的；一般的，平均的根据上文B.shallow C.adaptable D.average“Machine carved.”Boggis replied,bendingdown toadmirethev可知，Boggis为了贬低这件家具，嘴上说是机器雕刻的不值钱，但实际上工艺非凡，故选A【题详解】31考查名词词义辨析句意“你知道吗？皱着眉头，好像在沉思，“我一直想在家里的桌子上安装一些这Boggis样的腿，说，出价英镑，然后是英镑，降低了它的价值询问；开价；Boggis1015A.asking B.offering C.charging收费；带走根据后文指他出价英镑，然后是英镑故D.taking£10,then£151015第页/共页1623套学科网京组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.com选B【题详解】32考查动词短语辨析句意最终，他们选定了英镑争论；投票支持；20A.argued aboutB.voted forC.settled on决定，商定；付清根据后文可知，最终，他们“商定”价格为英镑，D.paidoff“Fancy himgiving me£20”20settle表示“选定，决定”，这里指就价格达成一致，故选on C【题详解】33考查动词词义辨析句意跑去取停在一边的车，他发现自己难以抑制自己的兴奋表达；Boggis A.express B.share分享;注意到;克制,包含根据后文交易达成，他发现自己难以抑制自己的兴奋C.notice D.contain“hisexcitement”故选D【题详解】34考查名词词义辨析句意回到房子里，很自豪地说“想不到他给我英镑就买了这么一堆垃圾！Rummins20垃圾；橱柜；棍子；手工根据上文可知，A.junk B.drawers C.sticks D.craft“Fancy himgiving me£20for aload of”认为这家具不值钱，所以他觉得花英镑买这一堆“垃圾”，故选Rummins Boggis20A【题详解】35考查名词词义辨析句意兰明斯停下来考虑这个令人担忧的可能性可能性，希望；建A.prospect B.suggestion议；推断；未来根据上文（你做得很C.inference D.future“You didvery nicely,dad!B...but...Can itgo inhis car好，爸爸！但……但是……可以放进他的车里吗？）”可知，儿子担心家具能否放进车里这个令人担忧的“情况”，有“可能性，前景，情况”的意思，故选prospect A第二节（共10小题;每小题
1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1（活字印刷）Wooden movable-type printingis oneof the worlds oldestprinting techniques.It datesback to（编撰）（家the earlyYuan Dynastyduring36time itwas introduced to compile and print elan genealogies谱）.Since then,this techniquehas beenpassed downthrough generationsin Ruiancounty,Zhejiang province,and isstill37use today.Men aretrained todraw andcarve Chinesecharacters,which arethen setinto atype-page andprinted.The movable（）characters canbe usedtime andagain afterthe type-page38take apart.The printedgenealogy is then placed into a locked（）box39preserve.（）The reasonwhy woodblock movable type printing continuesto existin modernsociety40part lies in itsability toproducegenealogies thatcanbepreserved fora longtime.Compared tomodern printingtechnologies,products printed41employ woodblockmovable typeremain clearfor hundredsof years.However,with the systematic training42need,the lowincome generatedand computerprinting technologypopularized,the number of craftspeople43decrease rapidlyso far.At present,only elevenpeopleover50years of age remainwho havemastered thewhole setof techniques.44not protected,this traditionalpracticewill soondisappear.Withthegrowing45emphasize ontraditional cultureand conservation awareness,woodblockmovable typeprinting,asacultural heritage,has gainedincreasing attention and protection.【答案】
36.which
37.in
38.is taken
39.to preserve
40.partly
41.employing
42.needed
43.has decreased
44.If
45.emphasis【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了世界上最古老的印刷技术之------------木活字印刷术，它在瑞安传承至今，但目前因多种因素工匠数量锐减，需得到保护【题详解】36考查定语从句句意它可以追溯到元朝早期，在那个时期，它被引入用于编撰和印刷族谱during—1time itwas编撰家谱”是一个非限定性定语从句，修introducedtocompileandprintelangenealogies饰先行词关系词将其代入从句作介词后宾语，用关系代词故填【题the earlyYuan Dynasty,during whichwhich37o o详解】考查介绍句意从那时起，这项技术在浙江省瑞安县代代相传，至今仍在使用是固定短语，意为“在“in use”使用中故填in题详解】38考查时态语态和主谓一致句意活字在排版拆卸后可以反复使用拆开是从句中谓语动词，与主语take apart之间是被动关系，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数the typepage形式故填is takeno【题详解】39考查非谓语动词句意然后将印刷好的族谱放入一个上锁的盒子中保存作preserve”“isthenplacedinto alocked的目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语故填box”to preserve0第页/共页1823【题详解】考查副词句意木活字印刷术在现代社会继续存在的原因部分在于它能够印制可以长期保存的40族谱提示词修饰动词短语用副词作状语，意为“部分地”故填liesin,partly partly题详解】[41考查非谓语动词句意与现代印刷技术相比，采用木活字印刷的产品几百年后仍清晰可见（）employ woodblock作后置定语修饰（使用）是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，movabletype”products,employ products应用现在分词表主动故填employing【题详解】42考查非谓语动词句意然而，由于需要系统的培训、收入低以及计算机印刷技术的普及，到目前为止，工匠的数量正在迅速减少提示词作复合结构中宾语补足语，（需要）是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语with need之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语故填thesystematictraining neededo题详解】[43考查时态句意然而，由于需要系统的培训、收入低以及计算机印刷技术的普及，到目前为止，工匠的数量正在迅速减少（减少）是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合时间状语decrease the numberof craftspeople so可知，应用现在完成时态，作主语，助动词用故填far”thenumberofcraftspeoplehas hasdecreased【题详解】44考查状语从句的省略句意如果不加以保护，这种传统做法很快就会消失是条件状语从“—9―not protected”句，完整形式是，当从句中有动词时，可将其省略，保留故填“If itis notprotected”“it+be”If notprotected oIf【题详解】45考查名词句意随着对传统文化的重视和保护意识的增强，作为文化遗产的木活字印刷术受到了越来越多的关注和保护提示词作宾语，用名词意为“重视”，不可数名词故填emphasis,emphasis第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节书面表达（满分15分）.假定你是李华，暑假期间参加了“野外生存训练夏令营（）请就46Wildness Survival Training Summer Camp此写一篇英语课前演讲稿，内容包括夏令营的主要活动；
1.•你的收获2注意写作词数应为个左右；请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
1.
802.第页/共页
19237.How muchdoestheman payfor rentevery monthA.$4,
500.B.$
3.
000.C.$1,
500.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题.
8.What didthe speakerssee justnowA.An exhibition.B.A movie.C.A play.
9.How didthemanget theticketsA He bought them at theticket office.B.Heboughtthem ata higherprice.C.He gotthem forfree fromhis brother.
10.What isthe mansmajorA.Fashion Design.B.Directing.C.Acting.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题
11.What isthe probablerelationship betweenthe speakersA.Teacher andstudent.B.Family members.C.Tour guideand tourist.
12.How longhad thePetronas TwinTowers beentheworldstallest buildingsA.7years.B.5years.C.2years.
13.What isthe womangoing todo thissummerA.Preview herlessons.B.Have atour ofMalaysia.C.Go onholiday withfriends.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题A.In acinema.B.In acompany.C.In ashopping mall.
15.How doesAnna feelat firstA.Excited.B.Embarrassed.C.Puzzled.
16.Why isAnna inBrightonA.To goto college.B.To travel.C.To work.
17.What isAnna goingtodonextA.Buy anew suit.B.Watch afilm.C.Have dinner.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题
14.Where doesthe conversationprobably takeplace
18.What isspecial aboutMs.Hawkins newworld recordearlier thisyearA.It is a recordin biking.B.It isher firstworld record.C.It isachieved inher100s.
19.What isMJs book aboutA.Hiking.B.Eye protection.C.His website.
20.What isthis programmemainly aboutA.Endless pursuitof onesdream.Good morning,everyone,Thank youfor listening!【答案】Good morning,everyone,Im LiHua.During thesummer vacation,I joinedthe WildnessSurvivalTrainingSummerCamp.We learnedto setup tents,find cleanwater andmake firein the wild.Through practicaloperations in the complexterrain,we graduallymasteredthese survivalskills proficiently.We alsopracticed firstaid skills,which gaveus theability tohandle unexpectedinjuries inthewild.This experiencewas reallyrewarding.I becamemore independentand confident.I alsolearned howto workwithothers.Thank youfor listening!【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生以李华的身份，就暑假参加“野外生存训练夏令营”写一篇英语课前演讲稿【详解】词汇积累
1.暑假summer vacationf summerholiday搭建set upf putup复杂的complex fcomplicated处理handle fdeal with句式拓展
2.简单句变复合句原句We learnedto setup tents,find cleanwater andmake fireinthewild.拓展句We learnedskills suchas settinguptents,finding cleanwater andmaking fire,which arecrucial forsurvival inthewild.【点睛】[高分句型1]We alsopracticed firstaid skills,which gaveus theability tohandle unexpectedinjuriesin第页/共页2023佥学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan.xkw.com（运用了关系代词引导非限定性定语从句）thewild.which[高分句型（运用了“特殊疑问词+不定式”复合结构作宾语）2]I alsolearned howto workwith others.第二节读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.My familyhadnt doneanything differentfor years.So whenmy auntJen invitedus to the annualoutdoor springcelebrationat herfarm lastmonth,I wasso excitedthat Idecided tomake anextra-special treat.什帛花糖）.“Yummy!”my littlesister said,stealing amini marshmallowThatsenough,Indi!”I said.“I needthose for my lambs!”I didntknow lambsliked marshmallows.She giggled.Ilaughed too.Tm notfeeding themto thelambs.Im makinglamb decorationsformycupcakes,““I wantto help!”she said.“Me too!”said mybrother Tex.“OK.”I said.I guessyou twocan decorateyour own.”“Okey!”said mydad.“The picnicgoes fromtwelve tothree.Wed betterget amove on!”However,things didntgo smoothly.First,we hadto waitfor Texto findhis shoes.Next,as wewere drivingdown theroad,we hadto goback to thehousebecause mymom forgother wallet.Then,about halfwayto AuntJen,s house,we hadtodrive farout ofour wayto finda placefor Indito usethe restroom.After that,my parentsdecided itdbe quickerto takeaside roadasashortcut.（惊叹）But theshortcut endedup turninginto a long cut!My momkept exclaimingaboutthebeautiful sceneiyalongthe way,while Iwas inno moodto appreciateit.It seemedthat wedrove foreveronawinding road,and justwhen wewerein thevery middleof absolutelynowhere,our carstarted makinga strangenoise.“Sorry,“said mymom.“Were goingto haveto pullover andcall roadsideservice.“Nooo!”I said.Were alreadylate.M注意“Dont worry,said mydad.“Im surehelp willarrive soon.^^续写词数应为个左右；
1.150请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答
2.Unfortunately,the roadside-service truckwont arriveuntil threeoclock.But aswe satdown forpicnic,cool thingsstarted happening—butterflies!【答案】Unfortunately,the roadside-service truckwont arriveuntil threeoclock.By then,the picnicwould beover.Ifelt sodisappointed andangry.I hadworked sohard onthose cupcakedecorations.My siblingswere alsoupset,and theystartedto bickerwith each other.My parentstried tocalm usdown,saying thatwe couldstill have a goodtime rightwherewe were.We gotout of the carand stretchedour legs.There wasa smallmeadow nearbywith wildflowers.We walkedoverto itand satdown.My momspread outa blanket,andwetook outthe cupcakes.But aswe satdown forpicnic,cool thingsstarted happening-butterflies!Dozens ofcolorful butterfliesflutteredaround us,landing on the wildflowersand evenon ourcupcakes.Indi andTex weredelighted,chasing thebutterfliesaround the meadow.Then,we heardthe soundof bleating.A smallflock oflambs appearedat theedge of themeadow.They wereso cute,with theirfluffy wooland wobblylegs.I fedthem someof theextra marshmallows.Despite missingthepicnic atAunt Jens,this turnedout tobe themost memorableday.We hada wonderfultime rightthere on the sideroad,surrounded bynatures beauty.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述一家人受邀去阿姨农场参加春日户外庆典，准备出发时状况不断，走捷径时车又出问题，需等待路边服务卡车来维修【详解】段落续写
1.
①由第一段首句内容“不幸的是，路边服务卡车要到三点钟才会来”可知，第一段可描述主角因赶不上野餐而失望，一家人在等待时下车到附近草地，拿出准备的纸杯蛋糕
②由第二段首句内容“但当我们坐下来野餐时，奇妙的事情发生了一一蝴蝶出现了!”可知，第二段可讲述蝴蝶、小羊带来的欢乐，虽错过阿姨家的野餐，但这次经历却十分难忘续写线索等待维修一一下车野餐一一蝴蝶出现一一小羊到来一一经历难忘
2.第页/共页2223词汇激活:
3.行为类
①拉伸stretch/extend
②追逐chase/pursue/run after
③出现appear/emerge情绪类
①不高兴的upset/unhappy
②高兴的delighted/pleased［点睛］［高分句型］1My parentstried tocalm usdown,saying thatwe couldstill havea goodtime rightwhere we（运用了引导的宾语从句和引导的地点状语从句）were.that where［高分句型］.2Dozens ofcolorful butterfliesfluttered aroundus,landing on the wildflowersand evenon ourcupcakes（运用了现在分词作伴随状语）［高分句型］（运用了过去3We hada wonderfultime rightthere onthe sideroad,surrounded bynatures beauty.分词作伴随状语）套学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.comB.Hardships inones oldage.C.Two ordinaryold women.第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题:每小题
2.5分，满分
37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A（旅馆）Looking fora comfortableplace tostay Theseare Britainsbest country inns foryou tochoose from.Ship Inn,FifeThe picturesquestretch ofcoastline alongthe EastNeuk ofFife ishome tothis friendlywaterside inn,whose cheerfulbar and six wooden bedrooms havea fresh coast feel.By dayyou canexplore theattractive fishing villages that line thecoast;and bynight sink into anarmchair inthe Ship Inns bar.The Star,Yorkshire（茅草屋顶的）For apleasant winterbreak,the onlything better than acountryinnisathatched countryinn andTheStar isa rareand picture-perfect example.The guestscan stayin comfortablerooms designedin countrystyle,with naturalstone and wood.The foodintherestaurant isa selectionof whatis typicallyserved inlocal pubs.You couldeven joinin awrestlingmatch and the pubsowner iscaptain of the localwrestling club.Acorn Inn,DorsetAcorn inDorset,this16th-century coachinginn,is featuredin ThomasHardys Tess of the DUrbervilles under thename“The Sowand Acorn^^and the author wouldfind the inn littlechanged today,with itswooden floorsand roaring（木梁）fires.Theres awood-beamed barwith anexcellent restaurant,celebrated forits locallysourced produce.Lord Crewe Arms,County DurhamIfyou lovethe ideaof stayingat aninn butstill wanta touchof luxury,bookaroom at the Lord CreweArms.Set inthehoney-stone villageof Blanchlandinthebeautiful landscapeof theNorth Penninehills,theinnhas ahistoiy datingbackto
1165.Stone floorsand woodbeams giveit plentyof warmthand character,the roomshave luxuriousbeds tosinkinto,and there9sa highly regarded restaurant,too.
1.What kindof holidaymakers mayfavor ShipInn,FifeA.Sports lovers.B.Movie fans.C.Novel readers.D.Beach goers.
2.Which innhas keptits stylefor severalhundred yearsA.The Star,Yorkshire B.Acorn Inn,DorsetC.LordCreweArms,County DurhamD.ShipInn,Fife
3.What dothe fourinns havein commonA.They havealonghistory.B.They beargrass roofs.C.Their roomsfeature wood.D.They offerthe samemenu.【答案】l.D
2.B
3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了英国四处最好的乡村旅馆题详解】[1细节理解题根据第二段“The picturesquestretch ofcoastline alongthe EastNeuk ofFife ishome tothis friendlywaterside inn,whose cheerfulbar andsix woodenbedrooms havea freshcoast feel.By dayyou canexplore theattractive（风景如画的海岸线沿着东fishingvillagesthatlinethe coast;and bynight sinkinto anarmchair inthe ShipInns bar.纽克的法夫是这个友好的水边客栈的家，其欢快的酒吧和六间木制卧室有一个新鲜的海岸的感觉白天你可以探索沿海岸排列的迷人渔村；到了晚上，就在轮船旅馆酒吧的一张扶手椅上坐下）”可知，海滩游客会喜欢Ship故选Inn,Fife D【题详解】2细节理解题根据倒数第二段“Acorn inDorset,this16th-century coachinginn,is featuredin ThomasHardys Tessof theDUrbervillesunder thename“The Sowand Acorn^^and the author wouldfind theinn littlechanged today,with its（多塞特郡的橡果客栈是一家世纪的马车客栈，托马斯•哈代的《德伯家的苔wooden floorsand roaringfires.16丝》中就有它的名字“母猪和橡果”，作者会发现这家客栈今天几乎没有什么变化，木地板和熊熊燃烧的炉火）”可知，几百年来一直保持着自己的风格故选Acorn Inn,Dorset B【题详解】3细节理解题根据第二段“The picturesquestretch ofcoastline alongthe EastNeuk ofFife ishome tothis friendly（风景如画的海岸线沿着东纽克的watersideinn,whose cheerfulbarandsixwoodenbedroomshaveafreshcoastfeel.法夫是这个友好的水边客栈的家，其欢快的酒吧和六间木制卧室有一个新鲜的海岸的感觉）”；第三段“The guests（客人可以住在舒适的房间设计can stayin comfortablerooms designedin countrystyle,with naturalstoneand wood.的乡村风格，自然石材和木材）”；倒数第二段“Acorn inDorset,this16th-century coachinginn,is featuredin ThomasHardysTessof theDUrbervillesunderthename“The Sowand Acorn^^and the author wouldfind theinn littlechanged（多塞特郡的橡果客栈today,with itswooden floorsand roaringfires.是一家世纪的马车客栈，托马斯•哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》中就有它的名字“母猪和橡果”，作者会发第164页/共页23现这家客栈今天几乎没有什么变化，木地板和熊熊燃烧的炉火）”以及最后一段“Stone floorsandwoodbeams give.it plentyof warmthand character,the roomshave luxuriousbeds tosinkinto,and theresahighlyregardedrestaurant,too（石头地板和木梁给了它足够的温暖和个性，房间里有豪华的床，可以躺进去，还有一家备受好评的餐厅）”可知，这四家旅馆的共同之处是房间以木材为特色故选CBDragging out of bedona damp Octobermorning,I lookoutof the windowof myroom inthe ForeignStudents9Building ofSichuan Universityin Chengdu.As usual,the skyoutside isgrey,and beyond,I cansee arow of wutong trees（鱼鹰）and theFuhe River.There,a cormorantfisherman istrying hisluck inthe darkwater.His birds,their greatblackwings flapping,have ringsaround theirnecks.When theycatch afish toobig toswallow,they offerit tothe fisherman,whodrops it into his basket,and givesthem asmaller onein exchange.I watch,attracted by the littleevent thatmarks mydailylife here.When thefisherman hasfloated past,I gooff insearch ofbreakfast.Students andlecturers onbicycles ridepast me,ringing theirbells.Laundry andbirdcages hangonthebalconies of the apartmentblocks.Everything issoftened bythe（鸣笛）gentle touchoftheSichuan mist.The campusis anisland ofquietness ina citywhere thetaxis honktheir hornsnon-stop andthe street sellers shout and talk.Guided bymy nose,I finda snackstand justbehind theuniversity,where anelderly couplemakes guokui,flatbreads（揉面）filled with cut-up pork,spring onion,and Sichuan pepper.The womankneads doughand rolls it into balls onanoiled woodenboard,spreads overeach ballinto along tongueof pastrywith alittle spicyseasoned pork.She thenrolls itup,flattens itinto around,and passesit toher husband.He bakesthem atthe sideofthegrill.Eaten hot,they aretasty,chewy,and mouthwatering,with theSichuan peppermaking yourlips dance and sting.Could there be anything more delicious forbreakfast ona dampautumn day
4.What fascinatestheauthoronthedamp OctobermorningA.A greysky.B.A rowofwutongtrees.C.A luckyevent.D.A fishingscene.
5.What doestheauthorsuggest aboutthe outsideofthecampusA.It ismisty.B.It isnoisy.C.It isquiet.D.It istouching.
6.How doestheauthordescribe guokuiA.From sensoryangles.B.Through hands-on experience.C.With carefulanalysis.D.By highlightingthe smell.
7.What doestheauthormainly writeabout inParagraph3A.Her adaptationto foodin Chengdu.B.Her universitylife in Chengdu.第页/共页523C.Her encounterwith thelocal snack.D.Her appreciationof peopleinChengdu.【答案】
4.D
5.B
6.A
7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要描述了作者在四川大学生活的一天早晨，以及她对成都当地美食锅盔的品尝和喜爱【题详解】4细节理解题根据第一段（鱼鹰）“There,a cormorantfisherman istrying hisluck inthe darkwater.His birds,their greatblackwings flapping,have ringsaround theirnecks.When theycatch afish toobig toswallow,they offerit tothefisherman,who dropsitintohisbasket,and givesthemasmaller onein exchange.I watch,attracted bythe littleevent that.（在那里，一个带着鱼鹰的渔夫正在黑暗的水中试运气他的鱼鹰，它们黑色的大翅膀marks mydaily lifehere扇动着，脖子上有环当它们抓到一条大得吞不下去的鱼时，他们就把它送给渔夫，渔夫把鱼扔进篮子里，然后给他们一条小一点的鱼作为交换我看着，被我在这里的日常生活中的小事件所吸引）”可知，在潮湿的十月早晨，捕鱼的场景吸引了作者故选D【题详解】5细节理解题根据第二段（鸣笛）“The campusis anisland ofquietness ina citywhere thetaxis honktheir hornsnon-stop.（在这个出租车不停地按喇叭，街头小贩大声吆喝的城市里，校园是一个安静andthestreetsellersshoutandtalk的岛屿）”可知，作者认为校园外是吵闹的，故选B【题详解】6细节理解题根据第三段u Eaten hot,they aretasty,chewy,and mouthwatering,with theSichuan peppermaking yourlips.（趁热吃，味道鲜美，有嚼劲，令人垂涎，里面的花椒会让你的嘴唇跳起舞来）”可知,作者从danceand sting感官角度描述锅盔故选A【题详解】7主旨大意题根据第三段“Guided bymy nose,I finda snackstand justbehind theuniversity,where anelderly couple（揉面）makes guokui,flatbreads filledwithcut-up pork,spring onion,and Sichuanpepper.The womankneads doughandrolls itintoballsonanoiled woodenboard,spreads overeach ballinto along tongueof pastrywith alittle spicyseasonedpork.She thenrollsitup,flattens itinto around,and passesit toher husband.He bakesthem atthe sideofthegrill.Eatenhot,they aretasty,chewy,and mouthwatering,with theSichuanpeppermaking yourlips danceandsting.Could（我用鼻子嗅了嗅，找到了大学后面的一个小therebeanythingmoredeliciousforbreakfast onadampautumn day吃摊，一对老夫妇在那里做“锅饼”，这是一种馅有切碎的猪肉、葱和花椒的大饼这个女人把面团揉成团，在涂了油的木板上卷成团，在每个团上涂上一层长舌头状的油酥，第页/共页623套学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.com上面撒上一点辣味猪肉然后她把它卷起来，摊成一个圆，递给她的丈夫他把它们放在烤架边上烤趁热吃，味道鲜美，有嚼劲，令人垂涎，里面的花椒会让你的嘴唇跳起舞来在潮湿的秋日里，还有比这更美味的早餐吗？）”可知，作者在第三段主要写了她与当地小吃的邂逅故选CC（扁形虫）A planarianis aninch-long wormoften foundin riversand pondsworldwide.Though itis nothingspecialto lookat,it hasa hiddentalent thathas madeit famous.It can regrow itsbody partsbetter thanalmost anyother animalonEarth.If itshead,tail,or both are removed,the remainingmiddle sectioncan regrowinto afull wormwithin weeks.（被切断的）Meanwhile,the severedhead andthe lonesometail willalso eachgenerate afull-sized new worm,so whereyou started withone worm,youll nowhave threewhich aregenetically identicaltotheprovider.Two biologistsat TuftsUniversity,curious tolearn howthis littleworm remembersthings,did anexperiment.（天Michael Levin and TaiShomrat knowthat planariansdont likelight.In the dark,the wormscan hidefrom predators敌），feel safeand secretlygather food.They wantedto implanta memoryabout lightin theirlaboratory worms.To dothat,they placeda delicious liver snackona well-lit plate,and rewardedthe wormswho wentclose andpunished themif theysought the safety ofthedark.So,gradually,their wormsbegan totrust thelight,and approachedit morequickly.Then,they cutoff theirheads.But ina coupleof weeks,the severedworms hadnew heads.LevinandShomratwondered ifthose newheads wouldkeep theirold memories.According toNational Geographic^account,these wormswith newheads rememberedwhere thelight spotwas,thatit wassafe,and thatfood couldbe foundthere.The wormsmemories werejust asaccurate asthose wormswho hadneverlost theirheads.How didthe wormsdo it“We haveno idea.Michael Levintold NationalGeographic.Since theseanimals werebrieflybrainless aftertheir beingsevered,he says,What wedo knowis thatmemory canbe storedoutside the brain-probably in other bodycells-so that memories can get imprinted onto the new brain as it regenerates.^^
8.What amazesthe biologistsabout planariansA.Their abilityto reproduce.B.Their livinghabits inwater.C.Their identicallook toeachother.D.Their complexbody shape.
9.What wasthe purposeoftheexperiment conductedontheplanariansA.To measuretheir regenerationability.B.To studytheir responseto light.第页/共页723C.To explorehow theymemorize information.D.To observetheir feedinghabits.
10.How didthe researchersconduct the experimentA.By treatingplanarians tofood putin brightareas.B.By encouragingplanarians tostay outof danger.C.By placingplanarians incomplete darkness.D.By exposingplanarians tovarious predators.
11.What didthe researchersfind aboutplanarians intheexperimentA.They hadbetter memoriesafter losinghead.B.They keptmemories beyondthebrain.C.They losttheir abilityto detectlight.D.They rewrotesome oldmemories.【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.A
11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了扁形虫强大的身体再生能力，还讲述了两位生物学家为探究其记忆方式所做的实验及相关发现【题详解】8细节理解题根据第一段中“It canregrow itsbody partsbetterthanalmost anyother animalon Earth.If itshead,tail,or（被bothareremoved,the remainingmiddle sectioncanregrowintoafull wormwithin weeks.Meanwhile,the severed切断的）head andthe lonesometail willalso eachgenerate afull sizednewworm,so whereyoustartedwithoneworm,.（它比土也球上乎任彳可其他动物都能更好youll nowhave threewhich aregenetically identicaltotheprovider JL地再生身体部位如果它的头、尾或两者都被切除，剩下的中间部分可以在几周内重新长成一条完整的虫子与此同时，被切断的头和孤零零的尾巴也将各自生成一条完整大小的新虫子，所以一开始你只有一条虫子，现在你会有三条基因与原来那条相同的虫子）”可知，扁形虫的再生繁殖能力令生物学家感到惊讶故选项A【题详解】9细节理解题根据第二段中“Two biologistsat TuftsUniversity,curious tolearn howthis littleworm remembersthings,（塔夫茨大学的两位生物学家对这种小虫子如何记忆事物感到好奇，于是做了一个实验）”可did anexperiment.知，对扁形虫进行实验的目的是探索它们如何记忆信息故选项C【题详解】10细节理解题根据第三段中“They wantedto implanta memoryabout lightin theirlaboratoiy worms.To dothat,theyplaced adeliciousliversnack ona welllit plate,and rewardedthe wormswho wentclose andpunished themif theysought.（他们想在实验室的扁形虫身上植入关于光的记忆为此，他们把一块美味第页/共thesafetyofthedark823页套学科网蓝组卷网WWW.ZXXK.COM zujuan/xkMr.com的肝脏小吃放在一个光线充足的盘子上，对靠近的虫子给予奖励，如果它们躲到黑暗中寻求安全就给予惩罚）”可知，研究人员通过用放在明亮区域的食物招待扁形虫来进行实验故选项A【题详解】11细节理解题根据最后一段中“What wedo knowis thatmemory canbe storedoutside thebrain probablyinotherbody.（我们所矢口道的是，记忆可以储存在cells sothatmemoriescangetimprintedontothenewbrainasitregenerates大脑之外一一可能储存在其他身体细胞中一一这样当新的大脑再生时，记忆就可以印刻在上面）”可知，研究人员在实验中发现扁形虫可以在大脑之外保存记忆故选项BDThe Semmelweiseffect referstothetendency toautomatically rejectnewinformationorknowledgebecause itcontradictscurrent thinkingor beliefs.This isoften seenin scienceand academicswhen anew theoryis putforward that（）most peopledont wantto acceptimmediately.It isnamed afterDr.Ignaz Semmelweis1818-1865,who isnowconsidered afather ofhandwashing andusedtowork inthe Viennesegeneral hospital.Imagine thehospital inthe1840s.It wasthe biggestmedical institutionintheAustro-Hungarian capital,a centerof（解剖）Europeanscience,where doctorsnot onlycared forpatients,but alsoperformed autopsiestolearnmoreaboutthehuman bodyand trainedstudents.Therefore,it cameasasurprise toDr.Ignaz Semmelweis,an assistantphysician inthe（妇产科）,maternity departmentthat almostevery thirdwoman diedof childbedfever whilegiving birth.At times,theyoung doctorwasterrifiedtolearnthat inhisdepartment,where doctorsand medicalstudentsworked,the deathrate was（助产土）much higherthan inthe seconddepartment,where midwifestudents weretrained.After manyobservations,hefigured outthatdoctorsandstudentsworkingondeadbodiesandotherpatients werespreadingbacteriatowomeninchildbirth.When Semmelweisordered fellowdoctors tonot onlywash theirhands,but disinfectthem andtheir instrumentsbeforeseeing patients,the deathrate droppedtoarecord lowatthetime.Despite hisclear andwell documentedevidence,Semmelweis^effortstointroducehandwashing anddisinfectingafter everytreatment,received littlesupport fromhis colleagues.At thetime,the popularmedical theoryheldthatdiseaseswere spreadbythebad aircaused byrotten matter.Semmelweis9discoveries hitthe self-image ofphysicians ata sensitivepoint.A doctorastheauthor ofdeath andillness insteadofalifesaver wasan unacceptableidea thatmost didnot wanttoaccept.It tookgenerations ofdoctors toadopt Semmelweis5measures.This showsthatinthe strugglefor truth,emotions playacentral rolein additionto objectiveevidence.In sciencephilosophy,the expressionSemmelweiseffect“describes the（下意识的）knee-jerk reactionto rejectan innovationin advance.第页/共页923。
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