高中英语构词法必考点总结

一.转化法在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法

1.动词转化为名词Let mehave atry.让我试试They areonly allowedto sellsoft drinksat school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料

2.名词转化为动词He shoulderedhis waythrough thecrowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进The smellfrom thekitchen madehis mouthwater.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水

3.形容词转化为动词We willtry ourbest tobetter ourliving conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况They triedto perfectthe workingconditions•他们努力改善工作条件

4.形容词转化为名词He didnt knowthe differencebetween rightand wrong.他不辨是非The oldinour villageare livinga happylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活

5.形容词转化为副词How longhave youlived there你在那儿住多久了？

6.个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothesare amust inthe mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的Life isfull ofups anddowns.人生有得意时也有失意时His argumentcontains toomany ifsand buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”二.合成法由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词合成词一般看其词，知其意

1.合成名词名词/代词+名词newspaper blood-test she-wolf动词+名词typewriter pickpocketdaybreak形容词+名词greenhouse highway副词+名词overcoat outside名词+v.-ing/v.—ing+名词handwriting reading-room freezingpoint动词+副词/副词+动词breakthrough get-together outbreakoutcome名词+介词+名词sister-in-law editor-in-chief

2.合成形容词名词+形容词/形容词+名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long-term副词+形容词over-anxious evergreen名词+过去分词man-made sun-burnt名词+现在分词peace-loving English-speaking形容词+现在分词good-looking easy-going副词+过去分词well-informed widespread副词+现在分词hardworking far-reaching形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied数词+名词one-way five-star数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old800-meter-long名词+to+名词face-to-face door-to-door

3.合成动词名词+动词baby-sit sleepwalk副词+动词outnumber underestimateoverwork形容词+动词whitewash

4.合成副词形容词+名词形meanwhile anywayeverywhere anyhow容词+副词形容词+名词副词+副词介however

6.合成介词副词+名词介词beforehand overhead词十名词介词+副词

5.合成forever+副词副词+介代词词三.派生法代词宾格+self/selves herselfthemselves物主代词+sei f/selves myselfyourselvesanything nothinginsideoutside withoutwithin into由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法前缀

1.除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性（）表示否定意义的前缀1un-unhappy unfinishedundressdis-disagree disbelievein-[il-（在字母I前），im-（在字母m,b,p前），ir-（在字母r前）]inaccurate illegalimpoliteimbalance irregularmis-misbehave misleadmistake non-nonstop nonsmoker