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System of the bodypart II:the nervoussystemteachingplansChapter1Organization of the nervous systemLAims and requirements]
1.To know well the microstructure of cerebral cortex,cerebellar cortexand spinal cord.To knowwellabout the microstructure and function of blood-brain barrier.
2.To knowthe basiccomposition of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
3.To knowthe relationshipbetween nervoustissue andnervous system.to knowthe microstructure ofmeninges.[Main content and Distribution of teaching time]Summary to explain the composition of nervous system.10min
1.CNS Toemphasize on the microstructureof cerebral cortex,cerebellar cortexand spinalcord.40min
2.PNS Tointroduce the microstructureofcerebrospinal ganglia and autonomicganglia.20min
3.to introducethemicrostructureof meninges.10min
4.to explain themicrostructure and function of blood-brain barrier.10min
5.to introducethemicrostructureof choroidplexus andcomposition ofcerebrospinal fluid.10minLEmphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis microstructure andfunctionof cerebral cortex,cerebellar cortexand spinalcord;microstructureand functionofblood-brain barrier.Difficult pointthe nerveimpluse conductingpathway betweencerebralcortex,cerebellar cortexandspinal cord.[Auxiliary and supplementary conditions for teachingMultimedia and power point[Home work]
1.How manylayers cancerebellar cortexbe dividedHow about the majorneuronal compositionof eachcerebellarlayer.
2.How manylayers cancerebralcortexbe dividedHow about the majorneuronal compositionof eachcerebellarlayer.
3..Fry todescribe thecomposition andfunctionofblood-brain barrier.Chapter2Development ofNervous System[Aims andrequirements]
1.To knowwell about the development and early differentiation of neuraltube andneural crest;toanalgesic drugs.The characteristics and mechanism of NSAIDS.Difficult pointThe modulationof painin differentlever.Subtypes of opioid receptors,opioid peptides,and receptorselectivity of opioid analgesic drugs.[Auxiliary and supplementary conditions for teaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work!
1.Pain
2.Nociceptor
3.Referred pain
4.Gate control theory
5.Please definethe main principles of pain management.
6.Please describe the maincategories of analgesic drugs.
7.Please describe the mechanism and adverse reactions of opioid analgesic drugs and NSAIDS.Chapter11Motor systemsII:the basal gangliaandParkinson disease【Aims andrequirements1Mastery content:To masterthe pharmacologicaleffects,mechanism of action,clinical uses and adverse reaction of commonanti-Parkinson drugs.Familiarizing content:The organizationof thebasal gangliaand theirconnections withother central nervous systemregions.Understanding content:The main symptoms anddiseases associatedwith dysfunctionof thebasalganglia,and theirpathophsiology.[Main content and Distributionof teaching time]Section1The basalganglia15min
1.The basalganglia:structureandorganization15minSection2Anti-Parkinson drugs85min
1.Symptoms ofParkinson disease10minutes
2.Pathophysiology of Parkinsons disease10min
3.Causes ofof Parkinsons disease10min
4.Treatment ofParkinsons disease50minSummarization:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:the pharmacologicaleffects,mechanism of action,clinical uses and adverse reaction ofcommon anti-Parkinson drugs.Difficult point:the pathophysiologyofParkinsons disease[Auxiliary and supplementary conditions for teaching1Multimedia andpower point[Home work]
1.Describe the main classof drugs in the treatment ofParkinsons disease
2.What isthe mechanismfor thecombination use of L-dopa andcarbidopaChapter12Learning and memory[Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:To masterthe definitionof learning,memory,declarative learning,procedural learning,anterogradeamnesia,retrograde amnesia,long-term potentiation,long-term depression.To masterthe molecular mechanism of LTP.Familiarizing content:The involvementof thebrain areas in learning and memory.The definitionand mechanism of long-term depressionUnderstanding content:The regularmethods abouthow tostudy learningand memory.L Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1Introduction of learningand memory45min
1.Definition and the significance of learningand memorylOmin
2.The classification of learningand memory20min
3.How tofind thebrain areaswhich involvedin learningand memory15minSection2Synaptic plasticityin memoryrelated brainareas55min
1.The structureof hippocampus:CAI,CA3,dentate gyrus.5min
2.The definitionand characteristic of LTP.5min
3.The molecularmechanism of LTP.15min
4.The relationshipofLTPandmemory.lOmin
5.The structureof cerebellum:Purkinje cell,parallel fibres,climbing fibres5min
6.The definitionand characteristic of LTD.5min
7.The molecularmechanism ofLTD.lOmin[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis Definition and classificationoflearningandmemory.Definition and mechanisms ofLTPand LTD.Difficult pointThe mechanism ofLTP.[Auxiliary and supplementary conditions for teaching]Multimedia andpower point【Home work}Define followingword
1.Learning
2.Memory
3.Declarative learning
4.Procedural learning
5.Anterograde amnesia
6.Retrograde amnesia
7.LTP
8.LTDChapter13Anti-Alzhemier,sdisea【Aims andrequirements1Mastery content:The main classes of drugs and their pharmacological actions,clinical uses and adversereaction of Anti-Alzhemier,s diseasedrugsUnderstanding content:The geneticsand pathophysiologyand Alzhemier,s disease[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1Alzhemier,s disease50min
1.Alzhemiers disease:introduction andGenetics ofAlzhemier,sdisease20min
2.Neuropathology ofAlzhemiers disease30minSection2Anti-Alzhemier,s drugs85min
1.Cholinesterase inhibitors20min
2.M-Receptor agonists10min
3.Glutamatergic agents:5min
4.Antioxidants5min
5.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs5min
6.Others5minSummarization:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:the classificationof anti-AD drugsand commoncharacteristics of anti-AD drugs.Difficult point:the pathophsiologyof AD[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching1Multimedia andpower point[Home work
1.Describe the main typeof drugsin the treatment ofAD
2.Describe themain characteristics of commonanti-AD drugs.Chapter14Sedative-hypnotics andanti-epileptic,anti-seizure drugs【Aims andrequirements1Mastery content:
1.the pharmacological action,mechanism and clinical uses of Benzodiazepines
2.the pharmacological action,mechanism and clinical uses,adverse reactions of Phenytoin sodium,carbamazepine,Phenobarbital andethosuximide.Understanding content:
1.To knowwell the pharmacological action,clinical uses and therescue ofintoxification ofBartibuturates.
2.To knowthe characteristics of othersedative-hypnotic drugs.
3.the anti-convulsant effectand clinical uses ofMgSO4[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section ISedative-hypnotic drugs50min
1.The functionof sleepand thesleep stages20min
2.The classificationof sedative-hypnotic drugsand their characteristics30min1Benzodiazepines:pharmacologicalaction,mechanism,clinical uses,main adverse reactions2Barbiturates:structure-activity relationship,classification,mechanism of action,clinical uses,adverse reactions and rescueof acuteintoxification.3Other drugs:chloral hydrate,meprobamate andmelatoninSection II Anti-epileptic drugsand Anticonvulsant drugs50min
1.The maintypes of epilepsy,epidermiology,neurobiology andmechanism ofanti-epileptic drugs10min
2.Main anti-epileptic drugs:1Phenytoinsodium:mechanism,pharmacokinetics,clinical uses,cautions and adverse reactions15min2The maincharacteristicsofcarbamazepine,ethosuximide,sodium valproate,benzodiazepine andotheranti-epileptic drugs.15min3The mainadverse reactionofanti-epileptic drugsand cautions5min
3.Anti-convulsantdrugs:Magnesium sulfate5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:
1.the pharmacologicalaction,mechanism andclinical uses of Benzodiazepines
2.Classification ofcommonanti-epileptic drugs,mechanism of action.Difficult point:the causes ofepilepsy[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower pointLHome work]
1.Describe the pharmacologicalaction,mechanism andclinical uses of Benzodiazepines
2.Describe the pharmacologicalaction,mechanism andclinical uses,adverse reactions of PhenytoinsodiumChapter15Infections andTumors ofCentral NervousSystem【Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:Pathological changesandclinicalfeatures ofepidemic bacterialmeningitis,epidemic encephalitisBand poliomyelitisDefinition of satellitosis and neuronophagiaFamiliarizing content:Main pathologicfindings ofastrocytoma,meningioma andneuilemmomaUnderstanding content:Common complicationsof central nervous systemdieses[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Part IIntroduction
1.Normal componentsof central nervous systemneuron,astrocyte,oligodendrocyte,microglia.5min
2.Pattens ofinfury in the nervous systemMarkers ofneuronal injury5minAstrocytes ininjury andrepair5minPeripheral nervoussystem ininjury andrepair5minPart IIInfections of the nervoussystem
1.Epidemic bacterialmeningitis20min
2.Epidemic encephalitisB20min
3.Poliomyelitis20minPart HICommon complicationsof thecentralnervoussystem
1.Increased intracranialpressure andherniation5min
2.Cerebral edemaand hydrocephalus5min
3.meningeal irritation5minSummary5minPart IVClassification of nervoussystem tumors
1.Locations ofcentralnervoussystem tumors5min
2.Ggrading ofcentralnervoussystem tumors1Omin
3.Common tumorsofcentralnervoussystem tumors lOmin
4.Common tumorsof peripheralnervoussystemtumors5minPart VPathology ofcommon nervoussystemtumors
1.Gliomas25min
2.Meningiomas lOmin
3.Medulloblastom lOmin
4.neuilemmoma lOmin
5.Neurofibroma lOminSummary5minLEmphasis anddifficult point]
1.Emphasis1Defini tionofWallerian degenation,satellitosis andneuronophagi2Pathological changeandclinicalfeatures ofepidemic bacterialmeningitis,epidemicencephalitis Band poliomyelitis3Pathological changes of nervoussystemtumors
2.Difficult pointPathologicalchanges ofgliomas[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work]Define followingword
1.satellitosis
2.neuronophagia
3.Wallerian degenerationChapter16Schizophrenia【Aims andrequirements]
1.To knowwell themainsymptoms and aetiology of schizophrenia.
2.To knowwell the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
3.To masterthe classification,effects,uses and adverse reactions of antipsychotic drugs.
4.To knowwell themanagement of schizophrenia and the long-term prognosis.[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtimeSection1Symptoms andneurobiology of schizophrenia35min
1.The mainsymptomsandaetiologyofschizophrenia.15min
2.The neurobiology ofschizophrenia.20minSection2Treatment ofschizophrenia60min
1.The classification,effects,uses andadverse reactions of antipsychoticdrugs.40min
2.The managementofschizophrenia and thelong-term prognosis,other psychosedand schizophrenia-likesyndromes.20minSummary:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:
1.The classification,effects,uses andadverse reactions of antipsychoticdrugs.
2.The mainprinciples of long-term managementof chronicpsychoses.Difficult point:The neurobiologyofschizophrenia,corticolimbic circuits.L Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia and writing on the blackboard[Home work]
1.Please describe themainsymptoms ofschizophreniaandgive anoutline ofcorticolimbic circuits.
2.Please describe the treatmentfor schizophreniaabout the classification,effects,uses andadversereactions ofantipsychoticdrugs.
3.Discuss themainprinciples oflong-term managementof chronicpsychoses.Chapter17Depression andanxiety[Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:the classification,mechanism of action andcharacteristicofanti-depressant drugs.Understanding content:
1.the mechanismand antimanicactionof lithium carbonate.
2.theneurobiologyof depression.【Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section IAnti-depressant drugs
1.Introduction ofdepression,and symptoms,epidermiology andneurobiology.20min
2.Anti-depressant drugs:50min1TCAs:mechanism of action and characteristics2MAOIs:mechanism ofaction and characteristics3SSRIs:mechanism ofaction andcharacteristics4SNRIs:mechanism ofaction andcharacteristics
3.Treatment of mania15min1Pathology andsymptoms ofmania2The mechanismoflithiumcarbonate in the treatment ofmaniaand cautionsSectionIIAnti-anxiety drugs
1.Introduction of anxiety5min
2.Benzodiazepines:mechanismofaction in the treatment ofanxiety10min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:the classification,mechanismofaction andcharacteristicofanti-depressant drugs.Difficult point:neurobiologyofdepressionI Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work]
1.Describe themainclassof drugs for the treatment ofdepression and theircharacteristics.Chapter18Stroke andTreatmentAims andrequirements]Mastery content:The actions,mechanisms,indications andadverse reactionof nimodipine,aspirin andtissue-typeplasminogen activatortPA inthe treatment of ischemia stroke.The pathophysiologicalmechanisms of ischemia stroke.Understanding content:The characteristicsof otherdrugsfor the treatment of ischemia stroke.The progressof the drugsinthe treatment ofischemia stroke.The harmof theischemia stroke.【Main contentand teachingtime]l.The pathophysiologicalmechanisms ofischemia strokeandthepreparation of the animal models.11The pathophysiologicalmechanisms ofischemia stroke50minutes22The preparationofthebrain ischemiaanimalmodels.20minutes3The determination of cerebralblood flow.10minutes4The methodsfor studyingblood-brain barrier10minutes
3.The drugsinthetreatmentofacute brainischemia1The drugsinthetreatmentof brain edema5minutes2Calcium antagonists15minutes3Vascular dilators5minutes4Anti-platelet drugs20minutes5Thrombolytic drugslOminutes
4.Drugs inthetreatmentof chronicischemiastrokeand itsSequelae25minutes.
5.Drugs understudying10minutes[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:The actions,mechanisms,indications andadversereactionof nimodipine,aspirin andtissue-type plasminogenactivatortPAinthetreatmentofischemiastroke.The pathophysiologicalmechanisms ofischemiastroke.Difficult point:Drugs understudying[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower pointIHome work]Define followingword
1.The actions,mechanisms,indications andadversereactionof nimodipine.
2.The actions,mechanisms,indications andadversereactionof aspirin
3.The actions,mechanisms,indications andadversereactionof tPA.Chapter19Drug dependence and abuse[Aims andrequirementsMastery content:The mechanismsand harmof drugsthat commonlyabused such as opioids,cocaine,marijuana,nicotine,alcohol.The addictionof drugand treatment.Familiarizing content:The administrationregulation ofthe drugsthat havedependence-potential.The termsrelated drug dependence:drugs,dependence,tolerance,addiction andabstinence syndrome.The classificationofthe dependence-potential drugsand administrationregulation.L Main contentandteachingtime]
1.Terms relateddrug abuseand drugdependence.Dependence,physiological dependenceand psychologicaldependence,addiction drug abuse.15minutes
2.The harmofthedrugabuse.20minutes
3.Classifications ofthedependence-potential drugs.15minuteslNarcotics:opioids,cocaine,marijuana,nicotine,alcohol.2Psychological drugs:central simulants,hallucinogens and others.
4.The manifestationof drugdependence.15minutes
5.brain rewardsystem anddrugdependence^15minutes1Reinforcement andreward2The biologyof drugreinforcement.3Receptor mechanismof drugreinforcement.
6.The mechanisms of drugdependence.20minutes1Opioids andreceptors2Cocaine andtransport ofmonoamines.3Alcohol andsedative-hypnotics affectGABA.4Marijuana and its receptors.5Hallucinogens lysergicacid diethylamide,LSD activate5-HT2A receptors.o6hetreatmentof drugdependence lOpioidsThe goalsof treatmentfrom dependenceto detoxification,maintenance ofdetoxification.Maintenancetherapy involvesthe useofadrug such as methadoneto continueopioid dependencewhile psychological,social,and vocationaltherapies areused tosupport theuser duringabstinence.Detoxification isused totreatphysical dependenceand consistsin reducing thedrugdoses administered.Real opioidde-addiction includes:de-addiction orcontrol abstinencesyndrome;；physical andpsychological recoveryPreventionof relapse:naltrexone,a long-acting orally active purenarcotic antagonist,to blockthe actionofself-administered opiates.Substitution ofa longer-acting,orallyactive,pharmacologically equivalentfortheabused drug:Long-acting methadoneanalog,levo-methadyl,maintenance forheroin addictsactive72hr.Buprenorphine canalso preventopioid withdrawal.If short-acting sedativedrugs have been abused,phenobarbital issubstituted as the pharmacologicallyequivalentagent.If long-acting drugshavebeenused,the samedrug maybe continued.Clonidine,a centrallyacting sympatholyticagent,reducing theoutflow ofNA,mitigating manyof thesignsof sympatheticoveractivity.2alcohol withdrawal:Substitution ofa lessreinforcing drugand graduallyreducingthedosage tolessenwithdrawal syndrome:Benzodiazepines foralcohol withdrawal.Aversive agentsthat interactswith thedrugto producean unpleasantinstead ofrewarding effect.Disulfiram inthetreatmentof alcoholics.3Cocaine andamphetamine:Use ofspecific blockersto preventthe reinforcingeffect of drugs:a-methyl-p-tyrosine toprevent amphetaminehigh extinction.奥丹西隆布斯哌酮Ondansetron orbuspirone cansuppress drugseeking behavior,Antidepressants氟哌咤醇.for underlyingdepression orantipsychotics forschizophrenoform psychosishaloperidol4Drug abusecontrolLEmphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:The mechanismsand harmof drugsthat commonlyabused such as opioids,cocaine,marijuana,nicotine,alcohol.The addictionofdrugand treatment.Difficult point:The mechanisms ofdrugdependenceand addiction.[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work]
1.The mechanismsof drugsthat commonlyabused suchas opioids,cocaine,marijuana,nicotine,alcohol.
2.The treatmentof dependenceandaddictionof opioids,cocaine,marijuana,nicotine,alcohol.Chapter20Clinical Examination[Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:
1.principlesof taking apatients history.knowwell aboutthecommon malformations ofnervoussystem
2.To knowwellaboutthe histogenesis of cerebrum,cerebellum and spinalcord.
3.To knowthe histogenesisof gangliaandperipheralnerve.[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]
1.have areview aboutthecompositionabout nervoussystem.10min
2.to explainin detailaboutthe development andearly differentiaionof neural tube andneural crest.30min
3.CNS:To focuson theexplanation aboutthe histogenesisofcerebralcortex,cerebellar cortexandspinalcord.30min
4.PNS:To explainaboutthehistogenesisofcerebrospinal gangliaand autonomicganglia.15min
5.toexplainin detailaabout thecommon maformationsin nervoussystem.15min[Emphasis anddifficult point]
1.emphasis:histogenesis andearlydifferentiation ofneuraltube andneural crest.
2.difficult point:origin ofanencephaly,myeloschisis andhydrocephaly.L Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work]
1.try todescribethe development anddifferentiation ofneuraltube.
2.try todescribethe developmentanddifferentiationofneural crest.Chapter3Development of eye andear[Aims andrequirements]
1.to knowthe development of eye ball;to knowthe originofcommonmalformationsof eyeball.
2.to knowthe development of inner,middle andexternal ear and commonmalformationsof ear.[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]l.the development ofeyeball:formation ofoptic vesicle,optic cup,lens vesicle;development of retina,lens,tunicae vasuclosaeand sclera.35min
3.congenital malformationsofeye15mino
4.development of inner earformation ofotic placode,development ofotic vesicle.25min
5.development ofmiddle earformation ofprimary tympanic cavity andtympaniccavity,developmentof3ear bones.10min
6.development ofexternal eardevelopmentofexternal acousticmeatus andauricle.5min
7.congenital malformationsof ear.10min[Emphasis anddifficult point]
1.emphasis:to knowthedevelopmentofretina,cornea andlens.
2.difficut point:to knowthedevelopmentofinnerearandmiddle ear.[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower point
3.principles involvedin performing a mentalstate examination.
4.principles involvedin performinga neurologicalexamination.Familiarizing content:The majorclinical laboratorytechniques.[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1taking apatients history10minSection2performingamental neurologicalexamination80min1General examination5min.2Cranial nerves25min.3Motor functiona.Muscle tone5min.b.Muscle strength1Ominc.Reflexes15minDeep tendonreflexesSuperficial reflexesPathologicreflexesd.Motor coordination,involuntary movement,stance andgait lOmin4Sensory functionlOminsuperficial deepsense,combination sense.Section3the majorclinical laboratorytechniques lOminCerebrospinalfluid inspection,CT,MRI,DSA,EEG,EMG,PET,and soon.[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis Historytaking.State examination,Cranial nervesexamination.Muscle strengthexamination.Reflexes examinationDifficult point Corticalfunction examination[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia andpower pointIHome work]What isthe principlesoftakinga neurologypatients historyWhat isthe clinicalsignificanceofpathologic reflexes[Home work]
1.Try todescribetheformation anddevelopmentofoptical cup.
2.Try todescribethedevelopmentofmembranous labyrinthand osseouslabyrinth.Chapter4Elements ofCellular andMolecular Neuroscience[Aims andrequirements]To masterthe classificationandcharacteristicsof channels.To befamiliar withthe methodfor bioelectricalphenomena research,including therecording membranepotential,the researchingof ionbasis ofmembrane potential,the electrochemicalequilibrium and Nernstequation.To masterthe definitionof restingmembrane potential,polarization,depolarization,reverpolarization,repolarization,hyperpolarization.To masterthe definitionofaction potential.To masterthe mechanismgenerating action potential ofnerve.To befamiliar withthe waveform ofnervous action potential recordedby aintracellular electrodein anervousfiber,including theevidences toshow depolarizationofnervousaction potentialis due to Na+inflow andrepolarization isduetoK+outflow.To masterthe mechanismof propagationof actionpotential.To masterthe characteristicsofaction potential.To masterthe definitionandcharacteristicsof localpotential.To understandthe propagationofactionpotentials alonga myelinated nerve fiber.To understandthe changeof cellexcitability duringone actionpotential.【Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]
1.The structure,function andproperties ofdifferent ion channels30min
2.The property andmechanismof restingpotential70min
3.The propertyand process ofactionpotential30min
4.The cellularand molecularmechanism underlying the initiation ofactionpotential.The voltageclamprecording andpatch clamprecording.70min.
5.The localresponse excitationon themembrane.40min
6.The propagationofactionpotential on the cell membrane.50minSummarization:10min.[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis.The propertyand underlyingmechanismofthe restingand actionpotential.The conductionofactionpotential.Difficult point.The mechanismunderlyingtheinitiationofactionpotential.I Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsfor teaching]Multimedia,power point,course website,video.[Home work
1.Describe thepropertyandphysiological importanceof restingpotential.
2.How theactionpotentialis initiatedonthecellmembrane
3.Please describethe propertiesoftheconduction ofactionpotentialonthemyelinatednervefiber andtheunderlying mechanism.Chapter5Synapse and synaptic transmission[Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:Definition ofsynapse.The charactersof electricalsynapse andchemical synapse.The chemicalchanges occursat presynapse and postsynapse,eg.the synthesis and storageofneurotransmitter,release of neurotransmitter,postsynaptic receptors.EPSP andIPSP.Familiarizing content:Synaptic inhibitionand facilitationUnderstandingcontent:Synaptic plasticity.[Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1Classification ofsynapseand synaptic structures35min
1.Definition ofsynapse5min
2.The charactersof electricsynapse,and electricsynaptic functions10min
3.The structuresand charactersof chemical synapse15min
4.Classification ofsynapse.Section2Synaptic transmission30min
1.The synthesisand storageof neurotransmitterslOmin.
2.Release of neurotransmitters5min
3.Postsynaptic receptors-ion channelreceptors andG-protein coupledreceptors15min.Section3Synaptic integration35min
1.Excitatory synaptic potential ESPS and inhibitorysynapticpotentialISPS10min
2.Synaptic inhibitionandsynapticfacilitation15min
3.Synaptic integrationandsynapticplasticity10min[Emphasis anddifflcult point]Emphasis:The structuresand charactersof chemicalsynapse;chemical synaptictransmission;synapticintegration.[Auxiliary andsupplementary conditionsforteaching]Multimedia andpower point[Home work
1.Define followingword
1.ESPSandISPS
2.Synaptic plasticity
2.Describe the differences betweenchemicalsynapseand electricsynapse.
3.Describe theprocessofneurotransmission.Chapter6Neurotransmitter【Aims andrequirements]Mastery content:The criteriaof beinga neurotransmitter;theclassificationof neurotransmitters;the differences betweenclassical neurotransmitters andother neurotransmitters;the chemicalchangesofneurotransmitters-fromsynthesis,storage,release,inactivation,binding ofpostsynaptic receptors丫andthefollowing biological functions,particular forACh,NE,DA,5-HT,glutamate and-GABA.Familiarizing content:Peptide neurotransmitters;agonist andantagonist ofneurotransmitters【Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1DefinitionandClassification ofneurotransmitters10min
1.Definition ofneurotransmitters5min
2.Classification ofneurotransmitters5min.Section2Neurotransmitters chemistry20min
1.The synthesisand storageofneurotransmitters5min.
2.Release ofneurotransmitters5min
3.Inactivation ofNeurotransmitters5min
4.Neurotransmitters receptors-ionchannelreceptors andG-protein coupledreceptors5min.Section3Specific neurotransmitters70min
1.ACh,the synthesis,storage,inactivation should be mastered,particular thekey enzyme or step for itssynthesisand inactivation.Its MandNreceptors andbiologicalfunctionshould beknown.15min
2.Catecholamines neurotransmitters,The synthesis,storage andinactivation ofthess neurotransmitters-NE,E andDA.The keyenzymes fortheir synthesis,the majorform ofinactivation oftheseneurotransmitters shouldbe mastered15min.
3.5-HT.the inactivation of5-HT andits relevancewith depression,anxiety etal10min.
4.amino acidneurotransmitters,1glutamate,excitatory neurotransmitter,the synthesisandits receptors,particular charactersof NMDA and AMPAreceptors;2y-GABA,inhibitory neurotransmitter,performits inhibitoryeffects viaCl-influx,itsreceptorGABA.15minA
5.otherneurotransmitters.1NO,synthesisandbiological functions;5min2peptide neurotransmitters,thedifferencesbetween peptideneurotransmittersandclassical neurotransmittersshouldbemastered5min.LEmphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:The keyenzymeorstepforsynthesis,inactivation ofneurotransmitters;the receptors ofthese neurotransmitters;biological functions.[Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching]Multimedia andpowerpoint[Home work]
1.Describe thedifferencesbetweenclassical neurotransmittersand non-classical neurotransmitters.
2.Compare thesynthesis,storage andinactivationofACh,DAand5-HT.
3.The charactersof glutamatereceptorsChapter7Introduction topharmacology of efferent nervoussystem【Aims andrequirements
11.To knowwell classificationofefferentnervoussystemENS according to the neurotransmitters,thephysiological actionsof ENS,as wellas receptorstructureandmolecularmechanism.
2.To masterthe biosynthesis,storage,release andtermination ofneurotransmitters,as wellas thereceptorsubtypes and their effect.
3.To masterthe basicmechanismsofactionsof ENS drugsandtheirclassification.【Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1The classificationof ENS5min
1.The anatomicclassificationof ENS1min
2.The classificationof ENS accordingto theneurotransmitters4minSection2Neurotransmitters andreceptors ofENS10min
1.Neurotransmitters ofENS:thedevelopmentofneurotransmittertheory,as wellasthebiosynthesis,storage,release andterminationofNE andAch.5min廿-
2.Receptors ofENS:acetylcholine receptorsM-R,N-R andsubtypes,adrenoceptors a-R,R andsubtypes,and messageconduction5minSection3The physiologicalactionsofENS5min
1.Double dominationand predominanttheory5minSection4Agents actingon ENS8min
1.Agents actingon ENS receptors5min
2.Agents influencingon ENStransmitters3minSummary:2min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:
1.Neurotransmitters andreceptorsofENS
2.Actions ofENS drugsandtheirclassification.Difficult point:subtypes ofENSreceptors[Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsfor teachingMultimedia andwriting onthe blackboard【Home work}
1.How toclassify theENSaccordingtotheneurotransmitters
2.Please describethe subtypesofENSreceptors andtheir physiologicaleffects.
3.The classificationofENSagents.Chapter8Parasympathomimetics【Aims andrequirements]
1.To knowwell theM actionsandN actionsof Ach.
2.To masterthe effects and uses of pilocarpineon eye.
3.To masterthe pharmacologicaleffects,clinical uses andadverse reactionsof neostigmine.
4.To knowwell themechanism,pathway,manifestation,prevention andtreatmentoforganophosphatesintoxication.【Main contentand Distributionof teachingtime1Section1M-R agonists25min
1.The MactionsandNactionsofAch.10min
2.The pharmacologicaleffects and uses of pilocarpine15minSection2N-R agonists5min
1.The toxicologicaleffects ofNicotine5minSection3Anticholinesterase Agents35min
1.Cholinesterase2min
2.Common propertiesof anticholinesteraseAgents8min
3.Common usedagents:neostigmine,pyridostigmine,physostigmine,etc.15min
4.Organophosphates10minSummary:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:
1.The effects andusesofpilocarpineon eye.
2.Pharmacological effects,uses andadverse reactionsofneostigmine.
3.The mechanism,pathway,manifestation,prevention andtreatmentoforganophosphatesintoxication.Difficult point:The mechanismsof Neostiminein treatingmyasthenia gravis.[Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching]Multimediaandwriting ontheblackboard[Home work]
1.How doesPilocarpine regulatethe eyes
2.Please describethepharmacologicaleffectsandclinicaluseof Neostigmine.
3.How toprevent andtreat organophosphatesintoxicationChapter9Cholinoceptor blocking drugs[Aims andrequirements]
1.To masterthepharmacologicaleffects,clinical usesandadverse reactionsof atropine.To masterthepharmacological propertyof scopolamine.
2.To knowwell the characteristics andusesofsynthetic atropinesubstitutes.
3.To knowwell the characteristicsandusesof ganglionic blocking drugs.
4.To masterthecharacteristics,mechanism,usesandadverse reactionsof bothneuromuscular blockingdrugs.【Maincontentand Distributionof teachingtime]Section1M-R blockers65min
1.The pharmacologicaleffects,clinical uses,adverse reactionsand contraindicationsofatropine.40min
2.The pharmacologicalproperties andusesof scopolamine,anisodamine15min
3.Synthetic atropinesubstitutes:synthetic mydriatics,synthetic antispasmatics,Selective MiAntagonists.10minSection2N-R blockers30min
1.The usesofganglionicblocking drugs5min
2.The pharmacologicalproperties andadverse reactionsof neuromuscular blockingdrugs:includingdepolarizing skeletalmuscle relaxantsuchassuccinylcholine,as wellas nondepolarizingskeletal musclerelaxantssuchasD-tubocurarine.25minSummary:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis:
1.The pharmacologicaleffectsandusesofatropine.
2.The Pharmacologicalproperties andusesofscopolamine.Difficultpoint:The pharmacologicalproperties andmechanismsof neuromuscularblockingdrugs.[Auxiliaryandsupplementaryconditionsforteaching]Multimediaandwritingonthe blackboardIHomework]
1.How doesAtropine regulatethe eyes
2.Please describethe clinicaluseofAtropine.
3.What arethepharmacologicalproperties andclinical usesofscopolamine
4.Please comparecharacteristicsoftwo kindsofneuromuscularblockingdrugs.Chapter10Pain andanalgesiaL Aimsandrequirements]Mastery content:To masterthe definitionof pain,nociceptors,referred painand gate controltheory.To masterthe pathwaysby whichnociceptive informationis transmittedfrom theperiphery tothecortex.To masterthemainmechanisms wherebynociceptive transmissioncan bemodulated atthe spinalandsupraspinal levels.To masterthecharacteristics,mechanism,usesandadverse reactionsof opioidanalgesicdrugs.To mastermechanism,usesandadverse reactionsof NASIDS.Familiarizingcontent:Pain mechanismafter tissuedamage:sensitizationTthe characteristicsofopioidantagonist-naloxoneThe modeof administrationof opioidsThe approaches to pain management.Understandingcontent:Neuropathic pain,measuring pain,【MaincontentandDistributionofteachingtime1Section1Introduction of pain15min
1.Definitionof pain1Omin
2.The significanceofpainin life5minSection2The transmissionofpain35min
1.Nociceptors1Omin
2.Cutaneous painpathways15min
3.referred pain,mechanismandapplication ofreferred painlOminSection3Physiology ofpain modulation50min
1.The modulationofpaininthespinalcord:gatecontroltheory.The applicationsof thistheory inlife.20min
2.The involvementofbrainareasindescending analgesia.The mechanismsandtheapplications ofdescendinganalgesia.30minSection4Opioid analgesicdrugs55min
1.Classification ofanalgesics.5min
2.The effects,usesandadversereactionsofopioidanalgesicdrugs.30min
3.Common usedopioid analgesics:suchasmorphine,codeine,pethidine,methadone,fentanyl,tramadol.10min
4.The modeof administrationof opioids.10minSection5NSAIDS andother approachestopainmanagement40min
1.The mechanismof NSAIDS.Common usedNSAIDS:aspirin,paracetamol,ibuprofen.35min
2.Theapproachesto neuropathicpain,migraine,trigeminal neuralgia.5minSummary:5min[Emphasis anddifficult point]Emphasis Painisacomplex experience.Nociceptors.Referred pain.Gate controltheory.Descendinganalgesia.The pharmacologicaleffects,mechanism,usesandadversereactionsofopioid。
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