热点01 名词词义比较及词形转换原卷版-十年（2013—2022）高考英语考点梳理与变式练

十年高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练2013—2022热点名词词义比较及词形转换01真题示例（•天津）

1.2021Great improvements in public health have been brought about byin medicalscience.A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善传统；A.traditions B.advances前进，进步；压力；例子根据上文C.pressures D.examples Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhave been可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，符合语境故选broughtabout”advances B

2.（2020・江苏）.The health security systemsof manycountries areundergoing considerableA.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革预订；A.reservation B.改革，变革；区别；提交根据前文可transformation C.distinction D.submission Thehealthsecurity systems知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”故选B

3.（2019・天津）We canobserve that artificial intelligencehas alreadymade a（n）on ourlives inmanyways.A.statement B.impactC.impression

0.judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响“陈述说明；强烈的影响，冲击力”；象，感想；“判断力statement impactimpressionE[3judgement判断故选B（江苏）

4.2018,Try tounderstand whatsactually happeninginstead of acting on the youvemade.A.assignment B.associationC.acquisition D.assumption【答案】D变式演练

一、单项选择

1.We will begin aseries ofto appealto the public tocontribute toenvironmentallydevelopment.A.documentaries;adjustable B.presentations;availableC.institutions;flexible D.campaigns;sustainable

2.A highincrease ininvestment willlay asolid foreconomic growthin thenear future.A.registration B.foundation C.confirmation D.institution

3.Global warmingcould patcoastal citiesunder water and driveover halfof allspecies to.A.exist B.extinction C.flight D.highlight

4.Miss Leehelps meout when I havetoo muchto do,and I will returnthe whenI can.A.obligation B.formula C.favour D.opportunity

5.In somecities,minibuses offeraanto expensivetaxis andcrowded pubictransport.A.resource B.registration C.alternative D.breakthrough

6.It issaid thatdogs willkeep youfor aslong asyou wantwhen youare feelinglonely.A.safety B.company C.comfortable D.friend

7.Giving upmy jobto goback tofull-time educationwas a big,but nowI knowit was the bestdecision Iever made.A.project B.commitment C.complaint D.ambition

8.You canimprove yourand memoryif youscan thematerial first.A.compassion B.compensation C.comprehension D.consumption

9.Through,many peoplewin successout ofwhat seemsto becertain failure.A.property B.perspective C.perseverance D.procedure

10.The PalaceMuseum housesa largecollection of.A.cuisines B.antiques Cmascots D.excerpts

11.Nowadays theof travellingis shiftedfrom shoppingto foodand scenery.A.autonomy B.barrier C.prospect D.priority

12.Disabled visitorsare welcome;there isgood wheelchairto mostfacilities.A.function B.tension C.reaction D.access

13.He leftsuch a great onhis teachersthat allof themcould rememberhim aftermany years.A.attraction B.profession C.impression D.radiation

14.In manyways myhas helpedme growstronger psychologicallyand becomemore independent.A.inability B.unable C.disabled D.disability

15.After severalto climbQomolangma,he finallyreached thetop ofit.A.attempts B.attacks C.chapters D.disasters

16.While there is atypical forsleep stages,there canbe individualdifferences basedon anumber offactors.A.property B.pattern C.protein D.profit

17.The passengersof theaccident wascompletely differentfrom what the driverstated.A.version B.origin C.trend D.reality

18.To findout moreabout ourcomplete rangeof products,do nothesitate tosign uponline andget ourdigitalA.feature B.reward C.brochure D.prize

19.Nowadays,a growingnumber oflibraries providecomputers and Internet toallow peopleto searchforinformation online.A.standard B.direction C.access D.position

20.Before theintroduction of the seeddrill,the convenienttool,a commonwas to plant seedsby hand.A.server B.device C.item D.practice

21.Even thoughmy cousingot manyfrom theuniversities,he carriedon applyingwithout beingdiscouraged.A.applications B.collections C.observations D.rejections

22.confidence inyourself is the biggestdifficulty greaterprogress inyour work.A.Lacking of;in makingB.Lack of;to makeC.Lack of;in makingD.The lackof;to make一

23.Long timeno see!What areyou doingthese days,Johnson一We havebeen preparingfor theofanew advertisingcampaign nextmonth.A.release B.ambition C.launch D.connection

24.As isknown toall,the rosecould representlove and,and therainbow couldsymbolize hope.A.determination B.affection C.connection D.consideration

25.With thepopularity ofsmart phones,people graduallylose thefor watchingtelevision,which makesTVa decorationof thehouse.A.potential B.appetite C.tolerance D.intelligence

26.For years,scientists havebeen worriedabout theof airpollution onthe earthsnatural conditions.A.effect B.result C.account D.cause

27.With astrong forEnglish study,we threwourselves intoreading Englishnovels.A.desire B.argument C.reputation D.responsibility

28.Better hotelrooms willgive toeven moreawesome viewsand largerspace.A.attention B.comfort C.access D.assistance

29.Drawing isone of my favorite.I alsolove makingcards andtaking photos.A.hobby B.hobbies C.habit D.habits

30.It isreported that the recenthas ledto moreserious watershortage inthis region.A.drought B.flood C.storm D.hurricane

31.The mangave adetailed ofwhat hadhappened,which helpedthe policecatch thethief.A.feeling B.guess C.excuse D.account（疟疾）.

32.Tu Youyouwas awardedthe NobelPrize forher indiscovering anew curefor malariaA.difference B.decision C.procedure D.achievement

33.Another behindfdotbalfs popularityistheexcitement onthe field.A.attempt B.factor C.level D.story

34.Now thestanding committeemembers areworking out the exactin whichthe decisionshould beappliedfor thehoped-for success.A.tone B.concern C.means D.manner

35.We owethem adebt of for allthe helptheyve givenus.A.commitment B.greeting C.harvest D.gratitudeA.career B.relief C.treat D.hustle

36.We hopethe trendcontinues,until suchaural excursionsbecome aregular happeningrather thana rare.

37.Michelin is now livingon aNT$100per day.He cannotafford anyrecreational activities.A.division B.restriction C.measure D.budget

38.Solar energyisnow a fastgrowing ofpower.A.source B.sense C.result D.root

39.You arenot totake photosin themuseum without.A.occasion B.contribution C.impression D.permission

40.To helpthe wildanimals survive,we needto preservetheir.A.garbage B.dormitories C.habitats D.antiques

二、语法填空1阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容个单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式1I feltbutterflies inmy stomachwhenIstarted calligraphyclass tenyears ago.I wonderedwhat Iwas doingthere.Atthat moment,I couldnthave knownthat Fdjust madeone of the best41choose ofmy life.I satdown andlistened to the teacherintroducing thetools of the craft.Then42was the first timefor methat I hadtried myhand.I tookup thebrush,using thecorrect gesture,43dip itin theink,and carefullywrote one44Chinese.Over45past fiveyears,I havelearned to make versionsof well-known poems.Calligraphy seemedlike abridge,46笔画connected me to authorsfrom centuriespast.Stroke bystroke,word byword,I couldfeel theiremotions,cherishedmy ownpeace andlearned47appreciate mydaily life.Now,calligraphy isnot justa hobby,48a wayto removemyself fromthe worriesof life.Rolling outthe paper,I canwritefor awhole day.Calligraphy49able meto balancemy busyschedule andlive50peace.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内21单词的正确形式Chinese poetrygenerally fallsinto one of twoprimary types,classical Chinesepoetry andmodern Chinesepoetry.Modem Chinesepoetry refers51the modernstyle ofpoetry,as opposedtothetraditional poetry52write inclassicalChinese language.A highpoint ofclassical Chinesepoetry occurredduring theTang Dynasty,during53time inChina融入poetry wasintegrated intoalmost everyaspect of the professionaland54society lifeof theliterate class.Unliketraditional forms of Chinesepoetry whichare rhymed,modern Chinesepoetry doesnot usuallyfollow specific55pattern.Poetry56revolutionize afterMay FourthMovement in

1919.Early20th-century poetslike HuShi,Xu Zhimoand GuoMoruo57seek tobreak Chinesepoetry frompast conventionsby adoptingWestern models.Poetry has58consistent beenheld inextremely highregard inChina.In Chinese culture,poetry hasprovided aformatfor bothpublic andprivate expressionsof deepemotion,59offer anaudience ofpeers,readers,and scholarsinsight into theinner lifeof Chinesewriters.Westerners have also foundin it60interesting andpleasurable fieldof study.3Cosmologists,astronomers andspace engineersare predictingthat2021willbe agreatyear forspace exploration.An61increase numberof countriesand commercialcompanies areinvesting in technology toventure intothe heavens.Entrepreneurs likeSpaceXs ElonMusk andVirgin GalacticsRichard Branson are settingtheir sightson space62tourand sendingastronauts toMars.63once seemedlike sciencefiction isquickly becomingthe fact.Such64be theadvances intechnology,and wemight nolonger besurprised atnews ofasteroids65mine,Mars beingcolonised,or ofnewforms ofholidays,such asgetaway weekendbreaks tothe Moon.The yearwill start66an excitingproject thatwill helpscientists betterunderstand theuniverse.NASA will launch itsQ-PACE probeon Januarythe15th.This willstudy thecollision ofsmall particlesin space67provide aninsightintohow planets68original formed.A monthlater,NASAs Perseverancerover willland onMars.This missionwill testfor signsof possiblepast microbiallife.NASA said:Returning samplesof Marsto Earth69beagoal ofplanetary scientistssince theearly daysof thespace age.In October,the JamesWebb SpaceTelescope,70mission isto observethe firstgalaxiesthat formedin theearly universe,willlaunchinto space.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1There arevarious reasonswhy peoplecompose poetry.The distinctivecharacteristics ofpoetry oftenincludeeconomical useof words,71describe andvivid language,integrated imagery,literary devicesand72arrangeof words,lines,rhymes,and rhythm.Poets usemany differentformsofpoetry toexpress73they.Now Illintroduce somesimpler formsto you.Nursery rhymesare74usual thetraditional poemsor folksongs.The language of nurseryrhymes is75the pointand hasa storyline.Nursery rhymesrhyme,haveastrong rhythm,and oftenrepeat thesame words.Therefore,children enjoythem.They areeasy76learn andrecite.Children learnabout languagebyplaying with the wordsin nurseryrhymes.The listpoem containsa listof things,people,ideas,or descriptionsthat developa particulartheme.It hasa flexiblelinelength andrepeated phrases77give botha patternand arhythm tothe poem.The cinguainis madeup offive lines.The poetcan convey78strong pictureor acertain moodin justa fewwords.Haiku is a Japaneseform ofpoetry that79consist of17syllables.It hasa formatof threelines,80contain5,7,and5syllables respectively.Haiku iseasy towrite andcan givea clearpicture andcreate aspecial feelingusing veryfewwords.English speakersalso enjoypoems fromChina.A lotof Tangpoetry has been translatedinto English.5It used to beimpossible tospend a long winterholiday.But now,though the winter vacationhasbeenover,its stillnecessary81metostay at home becauseofmyillness.As peoplesay,being leftalone allday candrive aman crazy.Acouple ofweeks agomy parentsinvited ateacher82give melessons online.At first,I didntknow how83take classesthrough theInternet.Now Ihave gotusedtomy teacherand thesituation.Before classI goonline waitingfor my teacher to come,for itis terriblyrude84a studenttocomelate.In eachclass,theteacher teachesme85to doand howto doit.After classI finishmy homework.86be honest,although Istudy relativelyhard,the resultisnt asgood asin school.Yesterday Ifailed topass theexam,which mademyteachervery disappointed.However,87attend classesathomeisa comfort forme.88to goto schoolis unknown,as noone knowshow longit willbe beforeI completelyrecover.But I believe,now that thewinteris overand thespring hascome,the schoolday isnot faraway.Ibelievethat Iwill treasuremy time89be atschool andwork evenharder.I alsobelieve in the futureIwillbecome anotherZhong Nanshan,who issurely90shoulder theresponsibility ofprotecting peopleslives andhealth.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Traditional Chinese painting isthe artof paintingonapiece ofXuan paperor silkwith aChinese brush91is浸湿soaked withblack inkor coloredpigments.It92regard asoneof the threequintessence ofChineseculture,the othertwo beingtraditional Chinesemedicine andBeijing Opera.（）93general speaking,traditional Chinesepainting canbe classifiedinto threetypes,figure painting,landscapepainting andflower-and-bird painting.（）Figure paintingcame intomaturity asearly as the WarringState Periodand reached94it peakduring theTangDynasty.Famous figurepainting artistsinclude GuKaizhi andWu Daozi.Landscape painting,asthe name indicates,draws theoutside scenery.It firstappeared in the QinDynasty andbecame（）（）an95independence genreduring theSui andTang Dynasties.By thetime of the Song Dynasty,it96reach averyhigh level.Flower-and-bird paintingconcentrates97the drawingof flowers,birds,fishes andinsects,etc.in theirnatural state.Itcame into being in the Northernand SouthernDynasties andbecame amature artduring theSongDynasty.（）In98finish worksof traditional Chinesepainting,inscriptions,poems andstamps oftencome sideby（）side.Therefore,traditionalChinesepainting isan artform99combine poetry,calligraphy,painting andseal carving.Its（）artistic achievementand nationalfeatures havewon100recognize ofthe peopleall overthe world.Thus,traditionalChinese paintingbrings artisticenjoyment forpeople.

三、根据所给汉语提示填空（以前的经验）

1.

1.1was uncertainwhether theyoung manhad ofsuch work.（快乐和悲伤）,

102.Dance expresseslove andhate,life anddeath,and everythingelse inbetween.（悲哀多于愤怒）.

103.They said that thedecision wasmade（令人不安的话语）.

104.Everyone wasbored todeath withhis（木然的表情）

105.She staredat mewith onher face.（把行李箱用坏）.

106.He travelsso muchthat heusually（每月一次的会议）.

107.Tom isntintheoffice today.He wentto Beijingyesterday toattend（是你的责任）

108......to completethe mission.（年度报告）

109.Companies publishto informthepublicoftheprevious yearsactivities.（应学生们的要求）.

110.Mr Zhangsang asong（有限资源的浪费）.

111.Misjudgements onthe influencesof newtechnology canlead to（限制了团队的创造力）.

112.Research showsthat thetraditional brainstormingmethods actually（有一种独特的方法）

113.John,a popularteacher,making hisliterature classeslively.（身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方）

114.makes mefeel blessedto bealive.

115.It5s（有礼貌）to say“thank youwhen someonehelps you.（未经许可）.

116.He apologizedfor havingparked thecar inher garage

118.Actually thenew computersystem（急救）

119.Learner driversmust alsocomplete sevenhours oftheory.（遥控器）.

120.Richard pickedup therandturned onthe television.（人工智能）

121.We haveclasses thatdiscuss awithin thecomputer sciencedepartment.（充）茜目水）

122.Virginias eyes7,and shehid herface inher hands.（篆亥）

123.Another mansitting nextto himshowed mehow Uworks.（实地研究）

124.He didacross China and studiedmore thana thousandrivers andstreams,along withthe landscape,history andculture ofthe surroundingareas.（虚拟现实）

125.For example,advancesinand wearabletech,as wellastheflexible battery,mean weshould soonbe）seeing furtherdevelopments.（对环境影响很大）.

126.Modern farmingmethods can（在泳池边缘）.

127.The girlgot frightenedwhen shewas（措施）

128.The policewould taketougher toprevent crime.（应该）（程度），（犹豫）.

129.They oto beable tohelp tosome ebut theyh（精美

130.These workswere intendedto spreadBuddhism andthey are____________________________________绝伦，品质非凡）.（获得两枚金牌）

131.Eileen Guat theBeijing2022Winter Olympicsand shesaidthatit was（激情、努力、坚持和勇气）（导致/通向成功）more thantalent thather success（善意的谎言）

132.Sometimes haveresults thatwe cannotpredict inadvance.（各种不同的）

133.This naturereserve ishome torare plantsand animals.（拥有盛誉）

1.

4.1am surprisedthatacompany wouldproduce suchpoor qualitygoods.（起步前的优势）

135.Whether thisbecomes alifelong advantageis yettobeseen.（齐声；异口同声）

136.The proposalwas greetedwith approval.（死里逃生）

137.Last yearIhadfrom acar crash,andIdont wantto riskmy lifea secondtime.（缩小代沟）

138.Parents andchildren shouldcommunicate moreto betweenthem sothat theycanunderstand eachother better.（责任感）

139.Born ina traditionalfamily,Rick wasbrought upto valueand sharing.（资源）

140.It isevident thatwe willnever haveenough tomeet thedemand.【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解句意试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事分配；交往；获得；假设故选A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption D

4.（2018・天津）The thatthereislife onother planetsintheuniverse hasalways inspiredscientists toexplorethe outerspace.A.advice B.order C.possibility D.invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解句意宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间建议；命令；可能性；邀请故选A.advice B.order C.possibility D.invitation C

5.（2016・江苏）—Can youtell usyour forhappiness andalonglife——Living everyday tothe full,definitely.A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析名词秘诀，食谱，药方；记录；范围；收据，收条;句recipe recordrange receipt意一你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？一当然是尽情享受每一天根据句意可知项意为“秘诀”，与上A下文相符

6.（2016・天津）The dictionaryis:many wordshavebeenadded tothe languagesince itwas published.A.out ofcontrol B.out ofdate C.out ofsight D.out ofreach【答案】B【解析】句意这本字典过时了自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中失去控制；过时的;A.B.C看不见的；够不着的根据句意，故选D.B

7.（2016・天津）The weatherforecast saysit willbe cloudywith aslight ofrain latertonight.A.effect B.sense C.change D.chance【答案】D【解析】试题分析句意天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨影响；感觉；改变；机会,可A.B.C.D.能性故选D（浙江）

8.2016•It isimportant topay yourelectricity billon time,as latepayments mayaffect your.A.condition B.income C.credit D.status【答案】C【解析】句意准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用条件；收入；学分，Condition incomecredit信用（卡）根据句意故选C

9.（2016・1折江）We canachieve alot whenwe learnto letour differencesunite,rather thanus.A.divide B.reject C.control D.abandon【答案】A【解析】句意当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多A.将・・・・・・分开；拒绝，拒收；控制；.放弃根据语境，故选B.C.D A（湖北）

10.

2015.When hewas runningafter hisbrother,the boylost hisand hada badfall.A.balance B.chance C.memory D.place【答案】A【解析】句意男孩在追他哥哥时，重重的摔了一跤项“平衡”；项“机会”；项“记忆”；项A BC D“地方”Lose one9s balance“失去平衡”故选A项

11.（2015・湖」匕）He gavehimself anew nameto hidehis whenhe wentto carryoutthesecret task.A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份项“情绪”；项A B“才能”;项“身份”;项“财富”故选项C DC

12.（2015・安徽）There isno needto tellme youranswer now.Give itsome andthen letme know.A.thought B.support C.protection D.authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我思考；支持；保护;A BC D权威，当局这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A（江苏）一

13.

2015.Go andsay sorryto yourMom,Dave.——Fd liketo,but Imafraid shewont behappy withmy.A.requests B.excuses C.apologies D.regrets【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意一去跟你的妈妈道歉一我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意Dave,项“请求”;项“借口”;项“道歉”;项“遗憾，后悔》故选项A BC DC

14.（2015・江苏）Some schoolswill havetomakein agreementwiththenational soccerreform.A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析句意为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整项“判断，决断々项A B“调整/项“评价,评论”；项“成就”故选项C DB

15.（2015・福建）The failurewas abig tohim,but hewasnt discouragedand soongot asenthusiastic asever.A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.Factor【答案】A【解析】试题分析考查名词辨析上打击;问题;借口;要素该句意思为这个失A lowB.issue C.excuse D.factor败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情故选A

16.（2010・湖1匕）After theearthquake,thefirstthing thelocal governmentdid wasto providefor thehomelessfamilies.A.accommodation B.occupation C.equipment D.furniture.【答案】D【解析】的汶川地震玉树地震天灾冲目信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题所以相关词512,414“earthquake汇”表示“住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一这道题难度不大，句子结构也相对简单“accommodation只要背过这几个词，知道表示“占用”或者”工作，职业表示“家具”；“occupation”furniture”“equipment”表示设备，器材”就能选出正确答案D（•全国新课标卷•语法填空）

17.2018I Twooftheauthors ofthe reviewalso madea studypublished in201466that/which showeda merefive to10minutes aday ofrunning reducedthe riskof heart disease andearly deathsfrom all（）67cause.【答案】causes【解析】考查单复数一项研究表明，仅仅每天到分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡根510据句意用复数形式故填causes（•全国新课标卷•短文改错）（改为）

18.2018I Lastwinter whenI wenthere thereagain,they hadabigseparate housetoraise dozens of chicken.【答案】改为chicken chickens【解析】考查名词复数他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡根据前文的可知，其后用dozensof名词复数形式（•全国新课标卷•短文改错）【答

19.2018H Aftersupper,we wouldplay cardgames ofall sortinthesitting room.案】改为sort sorts【解析】在此意为“种类”，是可数名词,和搭配时用复数形式故将改为sort allsort sorts.（全国新课标卷•语法填空）（医学界）

20.2017•I Thistrend,which wasstarted by the medical community as（）a methodof fightingheartdisease,has hadsome unintendedside62effect suchas overweightand heartdisease—the verything themedicalcommunitywas tryingto fight.【答案】effects【解析】考查单复数分析语境可知作者表达的意思是”一些不为人知的副作用‘二根据前文的可知”some”（副作用）有很多，故填side effecteffectsos要点回顾

一、可数名词的复数⑴规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加一s students,teachers,doc tors,tables但glasses,dishes,boxes,watches stomach以结尾加一s,x,ch,sh es复数形式直接加即s,stomachs以辅音字母+结尾变为再加一y yi esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以元音字母结尾加一+ysboys,toys,pianos,photos大都变或为再加f fev,thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives以或结尾f fe-es少数加一s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs通常加一S radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos以结尾有的加一es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes【名师点睛】

①以一结尾的下列名词要加一它们是“黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即es,Negroes,heroes,echoes,，potatoes tomatoes但下列以一结尾的名词既可以加一也可以加一它们是零，o es,s,zeroszeroes mosquitosmosquitoes蚊子，volcanosvolcanoes^ill

②以一或一结尾的下列名词需要把或去掉，加一它们是“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿f fef feves,着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半，即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halveso但下列以一结尾的名词既可以去掉加一也可以直接加一如手帕

③名ffves,s,handkerchiefs handkerchieves词前有或修饰，变复数时，作定语的或和后面的名词都要变成复数如:man womanman womanwomandoctor—women doctors⑵不规则变化

①自身有特殊变化的名词孩子一男人一牙一child childrenman mentooth teeth英尺一老鼠一现象一foot W,fbet mousemice phenomenonphenomena传播媒介medium—media

②常见单复数同形的名词中国人；绵羊；鹿；系列；方式；工厂；鱼；水果等其中Chinese sheepdeer seriesmeans worksfish fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾，即fish,fruit fishes,fruits/Some deerare eatinggrass atthe bottomofthehill.曲Every possiblemeans hasbeen tried,but nonehas worked.

③合成名词的复数形式son-in-law—sons-in-law passer-by—passers-by story-teller—story-tellers【名师点睛】名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数但是名词时，前后都要变为girl studentgirl studentsman/woman+复数一woman singerwomen singers

二、不可数名词⑴通常只用作不可数名词的名词建议，家具，乐趣；信息、，新闻,advice furniturefun informationnews weather天气，进步，财富,价值等progress wealthvalue不可数名词具体化2

①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义成功成功的人或事success乐趣令人高兴的事pleasure美；美丽美丽的人或事物beauty安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物comfort危险危险的人或因素danger高兴令人高兴的事delight失败失败的人或事物failure惊奇令人惊奇的事情surprise震惊令人震惊的事情shock骄傲令人骄傲的事情pride.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功Your contributionwill certainlymake theevent ahuge success

②物质名词具体化饮料两杯饮料咖啡一一杯咖啡粉笔一支粉笔头发一drink-two drinkscoffee acoffee chalk7a chalkhair—a hair根头发

③抽象名词与（）连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别例如aan在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一Being ableto afforda drinkwould beacomfortin thosetough times.件欣慰的事

三、名词所有格⑴-S所有格

①用连接的并列名词的所有格耍分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加一或；and S表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加一，或，S.汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间Toms andJims rooms汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间Tom andJims room.

②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略在理发店atthebarbers在老师办公室attheteacher\⑵of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用所有of of格小说的内容the contentofthenovel那边那位女孩的名字thenameofthegirl overthere⑶双重所有格指”名词名词所有格”或“名词名词性物主代词+of++of+（莎士比亚的一个戏剧）a playof Shakespeares（我的一个朋友）a friendof mine

四、名词的语法功能作主语L那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重The youngwoman playedan importantpart inthe matter.他爷爷十五岁时参加红军His grandpajoined theRed Armyattheageoffifteen..作宾语2（）作及物动词的直接宾语1我在街上碰见你哥哥了I metyour elderbrother inthe streeto你写完给珍的信了吗？Have youfinished theletter toJane

（2）作及物动词的间接宾语我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事I toldmy studentsa funnystory.她问了医生另一个问题She askedthe doctoranother question.（）作介词的宾语3After20years9traveling,he settleddown inLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后，他在良乡定居你还向爸妈要钱吗？Do youstill askyour parentsfor money.作表语3在这里栽些树是个好主意Ifs agood ideatoplanttrees here.也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人She isnowaprofessor whileher husbandremains aworker..作宾语的补足语4他们推选汤姆当车间的头（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）They electedTom headoftheworkshop.老人喊我叔叔小李The oldman calledmy uncleXiao Li,.作定语5

（1）直接作定语，通常用单数形式大学生女友菜园篮球赛college studentsgirl friendvegetable gardenbasketball matchLet,s stopbythebook storeonthewayhome.回家的路上，我们的书店停一卜吧！这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的He boughtthe shoesin thatshoe shop.

（2）名词所有格作定语students5books学生用书中国的首都Chinas capital世界人口the worldspopulation（）作定语3man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定man,woman,gentleman他说明天有两个女医生至我们村子来He saidthat twowomen doctorswould cometo ourvillage thenext day.ll我们学校有很多男教师There aremany menteachers inour school.

（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式武器生产服装商店营业部货车arms productionclothes shopsales departmenta goodstrain储蓄所夕卜语系savings bankforeign languagesdepartment（）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语5学习技巧交流中心男孩俱乐部Learning Skillscenter TheBoys Club

（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯（习惯直接作定语）（习惯用所有格作定语）a peasantfamily/boy peasanta workersfamily worker

（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样女司机这位妇女的司机women driversthe womansdriver女朋友这女孩的朋友girl friendthe girfsfriend母语母亲的舌头mother tonguemothers tongue

（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性金表（指手表是含金的）金色的表（指表是金色的，但不一定含金）gold watchgolden watch.作状语6时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语战士们一夜行军五十公里The soldierswalked50kilometers ata night.你的手提箱重千克Your suitcaseweighs10kilograms.10。