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syntax试题及答案
一、文档说明本文档为语法（Syntax）基础知识练习题及答案，包含单项选择、多项选择、判断及简答题四种题型，共72题，总分为100分试题围绕语法核心知识点（如句法结构、句子成分、语法规则等）设计，适用于语法学习自测、备考练习或教学参考
二、单项选择题（共30题，每题1分，共30分）（以下每题仅有一个正确答案，请将正确选项填入括号内）句子“The studentswho arereading booksare fromClassOne.”中，“who arereading books”属于哪种句法成分？（）A.主语B.谓语C.定语从句D.状语以下哪个句子是正确的简单句？（）A.Although itrained,we wentout.B.He isa studentandshe isa teacher.C.To learn English well,we needpractice.D.The bookwhich I boughtyesterday is interesting.“She saidthat shewould comehere.”中，“that shewouldcome here”是哪种从句？（）A.宾语从句B.定语从句C.状语从句D.表语从句句子“The managerasked meto finish the workby Friday.”中，“to finishthe workby Friday”属于哪种非谓语动词形式？（）A.现在分词B.过去分词C.不定式D.动名词以下句子中，存在主谓不一致错误的是？（）A.The teamis playingwell.B.My parentsare bothdoctors.第1页共12页C.This pairof shoesare expensive.D.The newsis veryexciting.“It isimportant that he shouldarrive ontime.”中，“should”的用法属于哪种语法现象？（）A.虚拟语气B.祈使句C.感叹句D.倒装句子“Not onlydoes hestudy hard,but alsohe helpsothers.”使用了哪种语法结构？（）A.强调句B.倒装句C.省略句D.被动句“The childis tooyoung tounderstand this.”中，“too...to...”结构表示的逻辑关系是？（）A.因果B.转折C.条件D.否定以下哪个句子是复合句？（）A.I likeapples.B.He andI arefriends.C.When thebell rang,the studentsstopped talking.D.Running fast,she caughtthe bus.“The bookon thedesk is mine.”中，“on thedesk”在句中作什么成分？（）A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语句子“He isthe onlystudent whopassed the exam.”中，“whopassed the exam”的先行词是？（）A.He B.student C.the onlystudent D.theexam“By thetime wearrived,the meetinghad alreadystarted.”使用的时态是？（）A.一般过去时B.过去完成时C.现在完成时D.过去进行时以下句子中，“it”作形式宾语的是？（）第2页共12页A.It iseasy tolearnEnglish.B.I thinkit necessarytostudy hard.C.It wasraining whenwe left.D.The catcaught itin thegarden.“Neither Johnnor hisparents likesmusic.”中，主谓一致的规则是？（）A.就近原则B.就远原则C.语法一致D.意义一致句子“The teachermade thestudents repeat the sentence.”中，“repeatthesentence”是哪种语法结构？（）A.宾语B.宾补C.状语D.定语“We hadbetter gonow,______we willmiss thetrain.”（）A.and B.but C.or D.so“I havelived heresince
2025.”中，“since2025”在句中作什么状语？（）A.时间B.原因C.条件D.让步以下哪个句子使用了拟人的修辞手法？（）A.Time waitsfor noman.B.The starstwinkle in the sky.C.He is as tallas his brother.D.The bookisinteresting.“It wasin thepark that we meteach other.”使用的语法结构是？（）A.强调句B.倒装句C.被动句D.感叹句句子“The childrenare playinggames happily.”中，“happily”是哪种状语？（）A.时间状语B.地点状语C.方式状语D.原因状语第3页共12页“She isthe girlwhom I saw yesterday.”中，“whom”在定语从句中作什么成分？（）A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语“If itrains tomorrow,we willstay at home.”使用的条件类型是？（）A.真实条件句B.虚拟条件句C.让步条件句D.时间条件句以下句子中，存在歧义的是？（）A.Isawthe manwith atelescope.B.He atethree apples.C.She boughta red dress.D.The catchased thedog.“The meeting,which lastedfor twohours,was veryimportant.”中，“which lastedfor twohours”是哪种从句？（）A.限制性定语从句B.非限制性定语从句C.主语从句D.宾语从句“He isinterested inmusic,______hisbrotheris interestedin sports.”（）A.while B.so C.or D.and句子“The oldman,who isover80,still workshard.”中，“who isover80”的作用是？（）A.限定名词B.补充说明名词C.替代名词D.修饰动词“I would rather stayathomethan goout.”中，“wouldrather...than...”表示的逻辑关系是？（）A.选择B.因果C.转折D.条件“The company,which wasfounded in2000,has a goodreputation.”中，逗号的作用是？（）第4页共12页A.分隔句子成分B.表示解释说明C.连接并列句D.表示强调以下句子中，使用了“there be”句型的是？（）A.There isa bookon the table.B.A bookis onthe table.C.On thetable,there isa book.D.The bookis thereonthe table.“He said,‘I will come tomorrow.’”转换为间接引语后，正确的是？（）A.He saidthat hewould cometomorrow.B.He saidthat Iwouldcome thenext day.C.He saidthat hewill cometomorrow.D.He saidthat Iwillcome thenext day.
三、多项选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）（以下每题有多个正确答案，请将正确选项填入括号内，多选、少选、错选均不得分）以下属于句法成分的有？（）A.主语B.谓语C.定语D.宾语E.补语以下句子使用了非谓语动词作状语的有？（）A.Walking alongthe street,I metan oldfriend.B.To learnEnglish well,we needdaily practice.C.The girlis readinga bookwritten byMark Twain.D.Having finishedhomework,he wentto playfootball.E.She isthe firststudent toarrive atschool.以下哪些句子是正确的祈使句？（）A.Open thedoor,please.B.Don’t belate forclass.C.Let’s go to thepark.D.He isa good student.第5页共12页E.Study hard,and you will passtheexam.以下属于从句的有？（）A.What hesaid B.The bookI boughtC.Because itrained D.Although she is youngE.To beor notto be以下句子中，存在时态错误的有？（）A.I havefinished myhomework yesterday.B.She willgotoBeijing tomorrow,and shehas boughttheticket.C.By theend oflast month,we hadlearned500words.D.He isliving here for10years.E.The sunrises in the eastand setsinthewest.以下哪些语法现象涉及“一致关系”？（）A.主谓一致B.时态一致C.指代一致D.比较一致E.冠词一致以下句子使用了倒装结构的有？（）A.Never haveI seensuch abeautiful sunset.B.Only inthis waycan wesolve theproblem.C.So cleveris hethat everyonelikes him.D.Here comesthe bus.E.He isagoodstudent,so amI.以下属于复合宾语的有？（）A.I considerhim agood friend.B.She madethe cakedelicious.C.They electedhim monitor.D.The teachertold usa story.第6页共12页E.He foundthe roomempty.以下句子中，使用了“as...as...”结构的有？（）A.He isas tallas hisfather.B.She runsas fastas acheetah.C.This bookisasinteresting asthat one.D.He isnot ascleveras hissister.E.He didas wellas me.以下属于名词性从句的有？（）A.What heneeds isa pen.B.I don’t knowwhere helives.C.The factthat hepassed theexam madeus happy.D.This isthe reasonwhy hewas late.E.Whether hewillcomeor notis unknown.以下句子中，标点符号使用正确的有？（）A.He likesapples,bananas,and oranges.B.“What’s yourname”she asked.C.The meeting,which wasscheduled for9a.m.,was delayed.D.I havethree books:one isred,two areblue.E.Let’s go,or we’ll belate.以下哪些属于非谓语动词的形式？（）A.不定式B.动名词C.现在分词D.过去分词E.分词以下句子中，存在搭配错误的有？（）A.He madea promiseto helpme.B.She isgood atplay basketball.C.I aminterested inmusic.D.The companyis famousfor itshigh quality.第7页共12页E.He spent2hours tofinishthework.以下属于“there be”句型变体的有？（）A.There seemsto bea problem.B.There happenedto beastorm lastnight.C.There isno doubtthat heis right.D.There isa bookonthe desk.E.There comesa bus.以下句子使用了“so...that...”结构的有？（）A.He is so youngthat hecan’t goto school.B.She ranso fastthat Icouldn’t catchup withher.C.The boxissoheavy thatI can’t liftit.D.He issuch agoodstudentthat everyonelikes him.E.She isso happythat shelaughed loudly.以下哪些句子是简单句？（）A.I lovemy family.B.He andI arefriends.C.She singsand hedances.D.The catis onthe mat.E.To beor notto be,that isa question.以下属于“疑问词+不定式”结构的有？（）A.how to do itB.what toeat C.where togoD.when tostart E.why todo以下句子中，存在指代不明问题的有？（）A.The bookis onthetable,and itismine.B.Mary toldLily thatshe wassick.C.He boughta penand anotebook,and hegave themto hissister.第8页共12页D.The teacherpraised thestudent whogot the first prize.E.I meta girlinthepark;she waswearing areddress.以下哪些语法现象属于“否定”？（）A.not B.no C.never D.neither E.nor以下句子中，使用了“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构的有？（）A.The moreyou practice,the betteryouwillbe.B.The tallerthe building,the moreexpensive itis.C.The harderhe works,the happierheis.D.The morebooks youread,the wideryour knowledgeis.E.The moreI thinkabout it,the moreconfused Ibecome.
四、判断题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）（对的打“√”，错的打“×”）句子“The studentsstudy hard.”中，“study hard”是复合谓语（）“It isI whoam wrong.”使用了强调句结构，强调主语“I”（）“He istoo tiredto walkfurther.”中，“too...to...”表示肯定意义（）“I havebeen livinghereforfive years.”使用的是现在完成进行时（）“Neither Inor heare interested insports.”主谓一致正确（）“The questionis thatwhether weshould go.”存在语法错误（）第9页共12页非谓语动词可以在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分（）“How tosolve theproblem isimportant.”中，“How tosolvethe problem”是主语从句（）“He isthe onlyone whoknows thetruth.”中，“who knowsthetruth”是限制性定语从句（）“She suggestedthatweshould startearly.”使用了虚拟语气（）祈使句的主语通常是第二人称“you”，但有时可以省略（）“The bookwhichIbought ityesterday isgood.”存在语法错误（）“By thetime weget there,the moviewill havestarted.”使用的是将来完成时（）“He isinterestedin,and goodat,painting.”中逗号使用正确（）“It isme whobroke thewindow.”强调句中，“me”可以作主语（）“I’dratheryou gowith metomorrow.”使用了虚拟语气（）分词作定语时，如果分词是单词，通常放在被修饰名词前；如果是短语，放在名词后（）“The newsthathewon the game madeus excited.”中，“thathe wonthegame”是同位语从句（）“He notonly studieshard but also helpsothers.”存在“notonly...butalso...”的倒装结构（）“This isthefirsttime Ihave visitedBeijing.”使用的是现在完成时（）第10页共12页
五、简答题（共2题，每题5分，共10分）简述“非谓语动词”的定义及常见形式分析句子“The manwho iswearing ared shirtis myfather.”的句法结构参考答案
一、单项选择题（共30题）C
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.C
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.C
10.DC
12.B
13.B
14.A
15.B
16.C
17.A
18.A
19.A
20.CC
22.A
23.A
24.B
25.A
26.B
27.A
28.B
29.A
30.A
二、多项选择题（共20题）ABCDE
32.ABD
33.ABC
34.ABCD
35.ADAC
37.ABCDE
38.ACE
39.ABCD
40.ABEABCE
42.ABCD
43.BE
44.ABCE
45.ABCABD
47.ABCD
48.BC
49.ABCDE
50.ABCDE
三、判断题（共20题）√
52.√
53.×
54.√
55.×
56.√
57.√
58.√
59.√
60.√√
62.√
63.√
64.×
65.×
66.√
67.√
68.√
69.×
70.√
四、简答题（共2题）答案非谓语动词是在句中不充当谓语，但仍具有动词特征（如能带宾语、状语）的动词形式，常见形式包括不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）答案该句为主从复合句，主句是“The manis myfather”，其中“the man”是主语；定语从句“who iswearing ared shirt”修饰第11页共12页主语“the man”，关系代词“who”在从句中作主语，“wearing aredshirt”是从句的谓语部分（现在分词短语作定语）文档说明本试题涵盖syntax核心知识点，答案准确，可直接用于语法学习练习或教学参考如有疑问，可结合语法教材进一步分析第12页共12页。
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