货运财务英文试题及答案

货运财务英文试题及答案##

一、考试说明本试卷旨在测试货运财务基础知识与应用能力，共包含4种题型，总分100分考试时间60分钟，题型及题量如下单项选择题（30题，每题1分，共30分）多项选择题（20题，每题2分，共40分）判断题（20题，每题1分，共20分）简答题（2题，每题5分，共10分）##

二、单项选择题（30题，每题1分）Which ofthe followingis NOTa corecomponent of freightfinancial managementA.Cost controlB.Revenue forecastingC.Route planningD.Inventory valuationInfreight revenueaccounting,fuel surchargeis typicallyclassifiedas:A.Operating expenseB.Capital expenditureC.Deferred revenueD.Tax liabilityWhich financial statementreports a company’s assets,liabilities,and equityat aspecific pointin timeA.Income StatementB.Cash FlowStatement第1页共17页C.Balance SheetD.Statement ofOwner’s EquityTheformula Revenue-Operating Costs=Gross Profitappliesto:A.Balance SheetanalysisB.Income StatementcalculationC.Cash flowforecastingD.Break-even pointdeterminationWhich costvaries withthe volumeoffreightshippedA.Depreciation ofshipsB.Office rentC.Fuel costD.Insurance premiumsIndouble-entry bookkeeping,a debitto FreightRevenueaccount indicates:A.Increase inrevenueB.Decrease inrevenueC.Increase inassetD.Decrease inliabilityWhich ratiomeasures acompany’s abilityto covershort-termliabilities withshort-term assetsA.Debt-to-Equity RatioB.Current RatioC.Gross ProfitMarginD.Operating ExpenseRatio第2页共17页Port滞期费demurrage isbest describedas:A.Additional feefor delayedcontainer returnB.Discount forearly paymentby customersC.Tax onfuel consumptionD.Commission tofreight agentsWhena shipping company receivespayment inadvance for afuture shipment,the accountingentry involves:A.Debit Cash,Credit RevenueB.Debit Accounts Receivable,Credit RevenueC.Debit Cash,Credit Unearned RevenueD.Debit UnearnedRevenue,Credit CashWhich method allocatescosts basedon thenumber ofcontainersshippedA.Activity-Based CostingABCB.Direct CostingC.Absorption CostingD.Marginal CostingTheTotal Costfor afreight routeincludes allEXCEPT:A.Fuel expensesB.Labor costs for crewC.Revenue fromother servicesD.Port handlingfeesIn abalance sheet,Accounts Receivableis classifiedas:A.Current assetB.Non-current asset第3页共17页C.Current liabilityD.EquityWhich termrefers tothe differencebetween totalrevenue andtotalvariable costsA.Net profitB.Gross marginC.Contribution marginD.Operating incomeWhenfuel pricesincrease,which costcategory ismostaffectedA.Fixed costB.Variable costC.Sunk costD.Opportunity costThe Statement of Cash Flowsdoes NOTinclude:A.Cash fromoperating activitiesB.Cash frominvesting activitiesC.Cash fromfinancing activitiesD.Non-cash investingand financingactivitiesFreight auditprimarily focuseson:A.Verifying revenueaccuracyB.Calculating depreciationC.Preparing taxreturnsD.Managing inventory第4页共17页Which ofthe followingis avariable costfor a shippingcompanyA.Ship maintenanceB.Office salariesC.Container depreciationD.Fuel forshipsIn accrual accounting,revenue isrecognized when:A.Cash isreceivedB.The serviceis providedC.An invoiceis sentD.A contractis signedThe Break-Even Pointis where:A.Revenue=Total CostsB.Revenue=Fixed CostsC.Revenue=Variable CostsD.Profit=Total CostsWhichfinancial ratioindicates howefficiently acompanyuses assetsto generaterevenueA.Return onAssets ROAB.Gross ProfitMarginC.Current RatioD.Inventory TurnoverFreightforwarder financialrecords primarilyfocus on:A.Direct shippingoperationsB.Intermediary servicefees第5页共17页C.Ship ownershipcostsD.Port infrastructurecostsWhen acompany borrowsmoney topurchase a new ship,theeffect on the balancesheet is:A.Assets increase,Liabilities increaseB.Assets increase,Equity increasesC.Liabilities increase,Equity decreasesD.No effecton totalassetsWhich ofthe followingis anexample ofOperatingActivities incash flowA.Purchase ofa newshipB.Payment ofdividendsC.Receiving paymentfrom customersD.Repayment ofa bankloan demurrage滞期费is similarto whichterm inlogisticsA.Despatch money速遣费B.Bunker surcharge燃油附加费C.Handling fee操作费D.Insurance premium保险费In cost-volume-profit analysis,an increasein fixedcostswould leadto:A.Lower break-even pointB.Higher break-even pointC.No changein break-even pointD.Lower contributionmargin第6页共17页Whichfinancialstatement showsrevenue andexpenses overaspecific periodA.Balance SheetB.Income StatementC.Cash FlowStatementD.Statement ofChanges inEquityAccounts Payablerepresents:A.Money owedto suppliersB.Money owedby customersC.Cash inhandD.Prepaid expensesWhena shipping company’s fuelcost decreases by10%,whichcost behavioroccursA.Fixed costdecreases by10%B.Variable costdecreasesby10%C.Total costremains unchangedD.Profit decreasesby10%Whichmethodis usedto allocatejoint costse.g.,fuel andlaborto differentroutesA.Sales valueat split-offB.Physical unitsmethodC.Direct allocationD.Step-down allocationInfreight contracts,advance paymentis recordedas:A.Revenue第7页共17页B.Unearned RevenueC.ExpenseD.Asset##

三、多项选择题（20题，每题2分，共40分，多选、少选均不得分）Which accountsare includedin theIncome Statement of ashippingcompany Select all that applyA.Fuel ExpensesB.Accounts ReceivableC.Depreciation ofShipsD.Retained EarningsE.Operating RevenueWhichfactors affectfreight revenueforecasting Select allthat applyA.Historical shippingvolumeB.Fuel pricetrendsC.Customer creditpoliciesD.Port congestionratesE.Tax ratechangesIn costaccounting,total costforashipment includes:Select all that applyA.Direct costse.g.,fuelB.Indirect costse.g.,office rentC.Sunk costse.g.,ship purchaseD.Variable costse.g.,labor第8页共17页E.Fixed costse.g.,insuranceWhich ofthe followingare characteristicsof variablecostsSelect all that applyA.Vary withproduction volumeB.Remain constantper unitC.Total variablecost increaseswith volumeD.Include directmaterialsE.Are irrelevantfor decision-makingThe BalanceSheet equationincludes:Select all that applyA.Assets=Liabilities+EquityB.Revenue-Expenses=ProfitC.Assets=Liabilities-EquityD.Equity=Assets-LiabilitiesE.Cash=Revenue-ExpensesWhich financialratios helpassess acompany’s liquiditySelect all that applyA.Current RatioB.Quick RatioC.Debt-to-Equity RatioD.Inventory TurnoverE.Gross ProfitMarginFreight financialmanagement involves:Select allthatapplyA.Budgeting forship maintenanceB.Analyzing routeprofitability第9页共17页C.Managing customerpaymentsD.Calculating depreciationfor containersE.Negotiating withfuel suppliersIn accrualaccounting,expenses arerecognized when:Selectall that applyA.Cash ispaidB.The expenseis incurredC.The relatedrevenue isearnedD.A liabilityis createdE.An assetis soldWhichcosts areconsidered sunkcosts fora shippingcompanySelect allthat applyA.Cost ofashipalready purchasedB.Depreciation ofequipmentC.Fuel costsfor thecurrent monthD.Cost ofa newengine installedlast yearE.Salary foranewcrew memberWhichfinancial activitiesare partof FinancingActivitiesin theCash FlowStatement Select allthat applyA.Receiving paymentfrom customersB.Repaying bankloansC.Issuing newsharesD.Buying anew shipE.Paying dividendsto shareholdersFreight audit checksfor:Select allthatapply第10页共17页A.Overbilling byport operatorsB.Incorrect revenuerecordingC.Unpaid invoicesfrom customersD.Misallocation ofcostsE.Duplicate paymentsto suppliersIncost-volume-profit analysis,the marginof safetyiscalculated as:Select allthat applyA.Actual sales-Break-even salesB.Actual sales-Break-even sales/Actual salesC.Fixed costs/Contribution marginratioD.Contribution margin-Fixed costs/SalesE.Sales-Variable costs/SalesWhich methodsare usedto calculatedepreciation offixedassets Select allthat applyA.Straight-line methodB.Units-of-production methodC.Double-declining balancemethodD.Marginal costmethodE.Activity-based costingUnearnedRevenue onthe BalanceSheet represents:Selectall that applyA.Revenue receivedbut notyet earnedB.Revenue earnedbut notyet receivedC.A liability accountD.An assetaccount第11页共17页E.Income tobe recognizedin futureperiodsWhich factorsaffect a shippingcompany’s variablecosts pershipmentSelectallthatapplyA.Fuel priceper literB.Number ofcontainers pershipC.Port handlingfeesD.Labor costper hourE.Insurance premiumsGross Profit canbe calculatedas:SelectallthatapplyA.Revenue-Operating CostsB.Revenue-Cost ofGoods SoldC.Revenue-Variable CostsD.Revenue-Variable Costs/RevenueE.Revenue-Fixed CostsIndouble-entry bookkeeping,a creditentry increases:SelectallthatapplyA.AssetsB.LiabilitiesC.EquityD.ExpensesE.RevenueWhich documentsare usedin freightrevenue managementSelectallthatapplyA.Bills ofLading提单B.Invoices第12页共17页C.Purchase OrdersD.Shipping manifests舱单E.Tax returnsFreightrate negotiationsdepend on:SelectallthatapplyA.Market demandfor shippingservicesB.Fuel pricetrendsC.Competitor pricingD.Vessel capacityE.Customer creditratingWhich financialstatements arerequired byinternationalshipping regulationsSelectallthatapplyA.Balance SheetB.Income StatementC.Cash FlowStatementD.StatementofChanges inEquityE.Notes toFinancial Statements##

四、判断题（20题，每题1分，共20分，对的打√，错的打×）Freight revenueis alwaysrecognized whena customersigns ashippingcontract.Variable costsremain constantper unitregardless ofshippingvolume.The BalanceSheet reportsacompany’s financialposition ataspecific pointin time.第13页共17页AccountsReceivableis aliabilityaccountontheBalanceSheet.Depreciation ofships is an operatingexpense onthe IncomeStatement.GrossProfitMargin measuresprofit aftercovering allexpenses,including taxes.Freightauditensures revenueis accuratelyrecorded andcostsare properlyallocated.Sunk costsshould beconsidered whenmaking futureshippingdecisions.TheStatementofCash Flows showscash inflowsand outflowsfromoperating,investing,and financingactivities.Current Ratiois calculatedas TotalAssets/TotalLiabilities.Fuel surchargesare partof variablecostsforshippingcompanies.Inaccrualaccounting,expenses arerecorded whencash ispaid.Contribution Marginis Revenueminus VariableCosts.Operating Activitiesin theCashFlowStatement includebuying/selling fixedassets.UnearnedRevenueis aliability becausethe companyowesservices tocustomers.TheBreak-Even Pointis whereRevenue equalsTotal Costs.第14页共17页demurrageisafee paidby shippersfor delayedcontainerrelease.Return onAssets ROAmeasures howefficiently acompanyuses assetsto generateprofit.Freight forwardersprimarily tracktheir ownfleetoperations ratherthan customershipments.Activity-Based CostingABC allocatescosts basedonspecific activitiese.g.,port handling.##

五、简答题（2题，每题5分，共10分）Briefly explainhow ashippingcompanycan useCost-Volume-Profit CVP analysis toimprove profitability.What arethe keyfinancial documentsashippingcompanyshould maintainfor auditing,and whyare theyimportant参考答案

一、单项选择题（每题1分）1-5:D A C BC6-10:B B AC A11-15:C AC BD16-20:A DB AA21-25:B ACAB26-30:BAB BB

二、多项选择题（每题2分）A,C,EA,B,DA,B,D,E第15页共17页A,B,C,DA,DA,BA,B,C,D,EB,C,DA,B,DB,C,EA,B,D,EA,BA,B,CA,C,EA,C,DA,B,CB,C,EA,B,DA,B,C,DA,B,C,D,E

三、判断题（每题1分）×（应在服务提供时确认收入，而非仅签合同）√（单位变动成本固定，总成本随产量增加）×（应收账款是资产，而非负债）×（毛利率仅扣除销售成本，未扣除所有费用和税费）×（沉没成本已发生，不影响未来决策）×（流动比率=流动资产/流动负债）×（应在费用发生时确认，而非仅支付现金）第16页共17页×（购买固定资产属于投资活动，非经营活动）×（货运代理主要跟踪客户货物运输流程）

四、简答题（每题5分）Cost-Volume-Profit CVPanalysis forprofitabilityimprovement:CVPanalysisidentifies break-even pointBEP andhowchanges involume,costs,or pricesaffect profit.Bycalculating BEP,the companycan setsales targetsto coverfixedcosts.It alsohelps:Adjust pricesor coststo reachtarget profit.Evaluate profitabilityof addingnew routeshigher volumereducesper-unit fixedcosts.Prioritize high-margin servicese.g.,express shippingvs.regular cargoto boostoverall profit.5分Key financialdocuments forauditing:Bills ofLading BOLs:Confirm shipmentdetails andrevenueaccuracy.InvoicesCredit Notes:Verify revenuerecording andcustomerpayments.Cost Vouchers:Support expenseclaims e.g.,fuel,port fees.Depreciation Schedules:Validate fixedasset costallocation.Bank Statements:Reconcile cashinflows/outflows withbookrecords.These documentsensure compliance,prevent fraud,and supportfinancialtransparency duringaudits.5分第17页共17页。