托福阅读强化试题及答案分享

托福阅读强化试题及答案分享

一、单选题（每题1分，共15分）

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheMesozoicEraA.TheemergenceofdinosaursB.ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaeaC.ThepresenceofearlymammalsD.Thedominanceoffloweringplants【答案】D【解析】TheMesozoicEraischaracterizedbytheemergenceofdinosaurs,thebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaea,andthepresenceofearlymammals.However,floweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheCenozoicEra,nottheMesozoicEra.

2.WhatistheprimarypurposeofthepassageA.TodescribethecharacteristicsoftheMesozoicEraB.TocomparetheMesozoicErawiththeCenozoicEraC.ToarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclifeD.Tointroducetheconceptofplatetectonics【答案】A【解析】TheprimarypurposeofthepassageistodescribethecharacteristicsoftheMesozoicEra.Thepassagefocusesonprovidinginformationabouttheeraskeyfeatures,suchastheemergenceofdinosaursandthebreakupofPangaea.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassageA.DinosaursbecameextinctattheendoftheMesozoicEra.B.TheMesozoicErawasshorterthantheCenozoicEra.C.EarlymammalswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.D.ThesupercontinentPangaeaneverexisted.【答案】A【解析】ThepassagesupportsthestatementthatdinosaursbecameextinctattheendoftheMesozoicEra.Thisisawell-knownfactinpaleontology,andthepassagelikelydiscussesthisevent.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthesignificanceofthebreakupofPangaeaA.ItledtotheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.B.Itcausedasignificantincreaseinglobaltemperatures.C.Itresultedintheextinctionofearlymammals.D.Itledtothedominanceoffloweringplants.【答案】A【解析】ThebreakupofPangaeaissignificantbecauseitledtotheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.ThiseventisamajorgeologicalfeatureassociatedwiththeMesozoicEra.

5.WhatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraphA.TheMesozoicErasawtheriseofearlymammals.B.DinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.C.ThebreakupofPangaeahadamajorimpactonglobalclimate.D.FloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheMesozoicEra.【答案】B【解析】ThemainideaofthesecondparagraphisthatdinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.Thisparagraphlikelyfocusesondescribingthecharacteristicsandbehaviorsofdinosaurs.

6.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausedtheextinctionofdinosaursA.Avolcaniceruption.B.Ameteorimpact.C.Achangeinclimate.D.ThebreakupofPangaea.【答案】B【解析】Thepassagestatesthatameteorimpactcausedtheextinctionofdinosaurs.Thisisawell-knowntheoryinpaleontology,andthepassagelikelydiscussesthiseventindetail.

7.WhatisthepurposeofthethirdparagraphA.TodescribethecharacteristicsoftheCenozoicEra.B.TocomparetheMesozoicErawiththeCenozoicEra.C.Toarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife.D.Tointroducetheconceptofplatetectonics.【答案】A【解析】ThepurposeofthethirdparagraphistodescribethecharacteristicsoftheCenozoicEra.Theparagraphlikelyfocusesonprovidinginformationabouttheeraskeyfeatures,suchastheriseofmammalsandthedevelopmentoffloweringplants.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthefirstmajoreventintheCenozoicEraA.TheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.B.Theriseofearlymammals.C.Theextinctionofdinosaurs.D.Thedominanceoffloweringplants.【答案】C【解析】ThepassagestatesthatthefirstmajoreventintheCenozoicErawastheextinctionofdinosaurs.ThiseventmarkedthebeginningofanewerainEarthshistory.

9.WhatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraphA.TheCenozoicErasawtheriseofearlymammals.B.DinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.C.ThebreakupofPangaeahadamajorimpactonglobalclimate.D.FloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheCenozoicEra.【答案】D【解析】ThemainideaofthefourthparagraphisthatfloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheCenozoicEra.Thisparagraphlikelyfocusesondescribingthedevelopmentandspreadoffloweringplants.

10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycharacteristicoftheCenozoicEraA.Thepresenceofearlymammals.B.Thedominanceofdinosaurs.C.TheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.D.Theextinctionoffloweringplants.【答案】A【解析】AkeycharacteristicoftheCenozoicEraisthepresenceofearlymammals.Thepassagelikelydiscusseshowmammalsrosetoprominenceduringthisera.

11.WhatisthepurposeofthefifthparagraphA.TodescribethecharacteristicsoftheCenozoicEra.B.TocomparetheMesozoicErawiththeCenozoicEra.C.Toarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife.D.Tointroducetheconceptofplatetectonics.【答案】C【解析】Thepurposeofthefifthparagraphistoarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife.TheparagraphlikelydiscussesthevalueofunderstandingEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.

12.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasamajorconsequenceofthebreakupofPangaeaA.ItledtotheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.B.Itcausedasignificantincreaseinglobaltemperatures.C.Itresultedintheextinctionofearlymammals.D.Itledtothedominanceoffloweringplants.【答案】A【解析】ThebreakupofPangaealedtotheformationoftheAtlanticOcean.ThiseventisamajorgeologicalfeatureassociatedwiththeMesozoicEra.

13.WhatisthemainideaofthesixthparagraphA.TheCenozoicErasawtheriseofearlymammals.B.DinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.C.ThebreakupofPangaeahadamajorimpactonglobalclimate.D.FloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheCenozoicEra.【答案】A【解析】ThemainideaofthesixthparagraphisthattheCenozoicErasawtheriseofearlymammals.Thisparagraphlikelyfocusesondescribinghowmammalsrosetoprominenceduringthisera.

14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausedtheextinctionofdinosaursA.Avolcaniceruption.B.Ameteorimpact.C.Achangeinclimate.D.ThebreakupofPangaea.【答案】B【解析】Thepassagestatesthatameteorimpactcausedtheextinctionofdinosaurs.Thisisawell-knowntheoryinpaleontology,andthepassagelikelydiscussesthiseventindetail.

15.WhatisthepurposeoftheseventhparagraphA.TodescribethecharacteristicsoftheCenozoicEra.B.TocomparetheMesozoicErawiththeCenozoicEra.C.Toarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife.D.Tointroducetheconceptofplatetectonics.【答案】C【解析】Thepurposeoftheseventhparagraphistoarguefortheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife.TheparagraphlikelydiscussesthevalueofunderstandingEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.

二、多选题（每题4分，共20分）

1.WhichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsoftheMesozoicEraA.TheemergenceofdinosaursB.ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaeaC.ThepresenceofearlymammalsD.Thedominanceoffloweringplants【答案】A、B、C【解析】TheMesozoicEraischaracterizedbytheemergenceofdinosaurs,thebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaea,andthepresenceofearlymammals.ThedominanceoffloweringplantsisassociatedwiththeCenozoicEra.

2.WhatarethemaincausesoftheextinctionofdinosaursA.Avolcaniceruption.B.Ameteorimpact.C.Achangeinclimate.D.ThebreakupofPangaea.【答案】B、C【解析】Theextinctionofdinosaursisprimarilyattributedtoameteorimpactandachangeinclimate.WhilevolcaniceruptionsandthebreakupofPangaeahadsignificantgeologicalimpacts,theyarenotconsideredthemaincausesofdinosaurextinction.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueabouttheCenozoicEraA.Itsawtheriseofearlymammals.B.Dinosaurswerethedominantspecies.C.Floweringplantsbecamedominant.D.ThesupercontinentPangaeaneverexisted.【答案】A、C【解析】TheCenozoicEraischaracterizedbytheriseofearlymammalsandthedominanceoffloweringplants.DinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra,andthesupercontinentPangaeaexistedbeforeitbrokeup.

4.WhatarethekeyeventsintheMesozoicEraA.Theemergenceofdinosaurs.B.ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaea.C.Thepresenceofearlymammals.D.Thedominanceoffloweringplants.【答案】A、B、C【解析】ThekeyeventsintheMesozoicEraincludetheemergenceofdinosaurs,thebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaea,andthepresenceofearlymammals.ThedominanceoffloweringplantsisassociatedwiththeCenozoicEra.

5.WhichofthefollowingareimportantforunderstandingprehistoriclifeA.Thestudyoffossils.B.Theunderstandingofgeologicalevents.C.Theknowledgeofevolutionarytheory.D.Theanalysisofclimatechange.【答案】A、B、C、D【解析】Understandingprehistoricliferequiresthestudyoffossils,theunderstandingofgeologicalevents,theknowledgeofevolutionarytheory,andtheanalysisofclimatechange.AllthesefactorscontributetoourknowledgeofEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.

三、填空题（每题4分，共20分）

1.TheMesozoicEraisdividedintothreeperiods:the__________,__________,and__________.【答案】Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous

2.ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaealedtotheformationofthe__________andthe__________.【答案】AtlanticOcean,PacificOcean

3.ThefirstmajoreventintheCenozoicErawasthe__________ofdinosaurs.【答案】extinction

4.TheriseofearlymammalsintheCenozoicEramarkedasignificant__________inEarthshistory.【答案】evolutionary

5.ThedominanceoffloweringplantsintheCenozoicErahadamajorimpacton__________and__________.【答案】ecosystems,biodiversity

四、判断题（每题2分，共10分）

1.DinosaursbecameextinctattheendoftheMesozoicEra.（）【答案】（√）【解析】DinosaursbecameextinctattheendoftheMesozoicEra.Thisisawell-knownfactinpaleontology.

2.TheMesozoicErawasshorterthantheCenozoicEra.（）【答案】（×）【解析】TheMesozoicErawaslongerthantheCenozoicEra.TheMesozoicEraspannedapproximately201millionyears,whiletheCenozoicErahasspannedabout66millionyears.

3.EarlymammalswerethedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.（）【答案】（×）【解析】EarlymammalswerenotthedominantspeciesduringtheMesozoicEra.Dinosaurswerethedominantspeciesduringthisera.

4.ThebreakupofPangaeahadnosignificantimpactonglobalclimate.（）【答案】（×）【解析】ThebreakupofPangaeahadasignificantimpactonglobalclimate.Itledtotheformationofnewoceansandtheredistributionoflandmasses,whichaffectedglobalweatherpatterns.

5.FloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheMesozoicEra.（）【答案】（×）【解析】FloweringplantsbecamedominantduringtheCenozoicEra,nottheMesozoicEra.TheMesozoicEraisknownforthedominanceofconifersandothernon-floweringplants.

五、简答题（每题5分，共15分）

1.WhatarethethreeperiodsoftheMesozoicEra,andwhataretheirmaincharacteristics【答案】TheMesozoicEraisdividedintothreeperiods:theTriassic,Jurassic,andCretaceous.-TheTriassicPeriod245-201millionyearsagosawtheemergenceofthefirstdinosaursandmammals.ItwasatimeofsignificantrecoveryafterthePermian-Triassicextinctionevent.-TheJurassicPeriod201-145millionyearsagoisknownforthedominanceofdinosaurs,includingthefamousBrachiosaurusandAllosaurus.ItwasalsoatimewhenthesupercontinentPangaeabegantobreakapart.-TheCretaceousPeriod145-66millionyearsagosawthediversificationofdinosaursandtheriseofearlymammals.Itendedwiththeextinctionofdinosaurs,likelycausedbyameteorimpact.

2.Whatcausedtheextinctionofdinosaurs,andwhataretheimplicationsofthisevent【答案】Theextinctionofdinosaurswasprimarilycausedbyameteorimpact.Thiseventledtowidespreadenvironmentalchanges,includingclimateshiftsandvolcanicactivity,whichmadesurvivaldifficultformanyspecies.Theimplicationsofthiseventincludetheopeningupofecologicalniches,allowingmammalstoevolveanddiversify,andshapingthecourseoflifeonEarth.

3.HowdidthebreakupofPangaeaimpacttheEarthsclimateandecosystems【答案】ThebreakupofPangaeahadasignificantimpactontheEarthsclimateandecosystems.Itledtotheformationofnewoceans,suchastheAtlanticOcean,whichalteredglobalweatherpatterns.Theredistributionoflandmassescreatednewhabitatsandinfluencedtheevolutionofspecies.Italsoledtotheformationofnewmountainranges,whichfurtheraffectedclimateandbiodiversity.

六、分析题（每题10分，共20分）

1.AnalyzetheroleofplatetectonicsinshapingtheMesozoicEraandtheCenozoicEra.Discussthemajorgeologicaleventsandtheirimpactsonglobalclimateandecosystems.【答案】PlatetectonicsplayedacrucialroleinshapingboththeMesozoicandCenozoicEras.ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaeaduringtheMesozoicErahadprofoundeffectsonglobalclimateandecosystems.-TheMesozoicEra:ThebreakupofPangaealedtotheformationoftheAtlanticOceanandthePacificOcean,whichalteredglobalweatherpatterns.Thecreationofnewoceancurrentsandtheredistributionoflandmassesledtosignificantclimatechanges,includingtheformationofnewmountainrangesandthedevelopmentofdeserts.Thesegeologicaleventsinfluencedtheevolutionanddistributionofspecies,includingtheriseofdinosaursandearlymammals.-TheCenozoicEra:ThecontinuedmovementoftectonicplatesduringtheCenozoicEraledtotheformationoftheHimalayasandothermountainranges.Thesegeologicaleventshadasignificantimpactonglobalclimate,creatingbarrierstothemovementofspeciesandinfluencingweatherpatterns.Theevolutionofmammalswasalsoinfluencedbythesegeologicalchanges,asnewhabitatswerecreatedandexistingoneswerealtered.

2.DiscusstheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclifeandhowitcontributestoourunderstandingofEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.【答案】StudyingprehistoriclifeiscrucialforunderstandingEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.Fossilsprovidevaluableinsightsintothepast,allowingscientiststoreconstructthehistoryoflifeonEarthandunderstandhowspecieshaveevolvedovertime.-UnderstandingEvolution:Thestudyoffossilshelpsusunderstandtheprocessofevolution.Byexaminingthefossilrecord,scientistscantracetheevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweendifferentspeciesandidentifykeymomentsintheevolutionoflife,suchastheemergenceofdinosaursortheriseofmammals.-EnvironmentalChanges:Fossilsalsoprovideevidenceofpastenvironmentalchanges.Bystudyingthetypesofspeciesthatexistedindifferentgeologicalperiods,scientistscaninferchangesinclimateandecosystems.Thisinformationhelpsusunderstandhowlifehasadaptedtochangingenvironmentalconditionsovertime.-Conservation:Studyingprehistoriclifealsohaspracticalimplicationsforconservationeffortstoday.Byunderstandingtheevolutionaryhistoryofspecies,wecanbetterprotectendangeredspeciesandmaintainbiodiversity.Thestudyofprehistoriclifehelpsusappreciatethevalueofdifferentspeciesandtheimportanceofpreservingthem.

七、综合应用题（每题25分，共50分）

1.YouareapaleontologiststudyingtheMesozoicEra.Describethekeyeventsinthisera,includingtheemergenceofdinosaurs,thebreakupofPangaea,andtheextinctionofdinosaurs.ExplainhowtheseeventsshapedtheEarthsclimateandecosystems.【答案】AsapaleontologiststudyingtheMesozoicEra,IwouldfocusonseveralkeyeventsthatshapedthiseraandhadsignificantimpactsontheEarthsclimateandecosystems.-EmergenceofDinosaurs:TheTriassicPeriod245-201millionyearsagosawtheemergenceofthefirstdinosaurs.Theseearlydinosaurswererelativelysmallandlivedalongsideotherreptiles.However,duringtheJurassicPeriod201-145millionyearsago,dinosaursbecamethedominantlandanimals.Theydiversifiedintovariousforms,includingherbivoreslikeBrachiosaurusandcarnivoreslikeAllosaurus.Thedominanceofdinosaurswasinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors,includingtheavailabilityoffoodandtheabsenceofcompetitionfromotherlargelandanimals.-BreakupofPangaea:ThebreakupofthesupercontinentPangaeaduringtheJurassicandCretaceousPeriods145-66millionyearsagohadaprofoundimpactontheEarthsclimateandecosystems.TheformationoftheAtlanticOceanandthePacificOceanalteredglobalweatherpatterns,leadingtothedevelopmentofnewoceancurrentsandtheredistributionoflandmasses.Thebreakupalsoledtotheformationofnewmountainranges,suchastheAndes,whichfurtherinfluencedclimateandbiodiversity.-ExtinctionofDinosaurs:TheCretaceousPeriodendedwiththeextinctionofdinosaurs,likelycausedbyameteorimpact.Thisevent,knownastheCretaceous-PaleogeneK-Pgextinctionevent,hadacatastrophicimpactonecosystems.Manyspeciesofdinosaurs,aswellasotherorganisms,wentextinct.However,somespecies,includingearlymammalsandbirds,managedtosurvive.Theextinctionofdinosaursopenedupecologicalniches,allowingmammalstoevolveanddiversify,eventuallyleadingtotheriseofhumans.ThekeyeventsintheMesozoicErashapedtheEarthsclimateandecosystemsinseveralways.Theemergenceofdinosaursledtothedominanceofreptilesonland,whilethebreakupofPangaeaalteredglobalweatherpatternsandcreatednewhabitats.Theextinctionofdinosaursallowedmammalstoevolveanddiversify,ultimatelyshapingthecourseoflifeonEarth.

2.Youareateacherpreparingalessononprehistoriclifeforahighschoolclass.Describehowyouwouldstructurethelesson,includingthetopicsyouwouldcover,theactivitiesyouwouldinclude,andtheresourcesyouwoulduse.【答案】Asateacherpreparingalessononprehistoriclifeforahighschoolclass,Iwouldstructurethelessontobeengagingandinformative,coveringkeytopicsandincorporatingvariousactivitiesandresources.-LessonStructure:

1.Introduction:Iwouldstartbyintroducingtheconceptofprehistoriclifeandexplainingtheimportanceofstudyingit.IwouldhighlighttheroleoffossilsinunderstandingEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.

2.MesozoicEra:IwouldfocusontheMesozoicEra,coveringthethreeperiodsTriassic,Jurassic,andCretaceousandtheirmaincharacteristics.Iwoulddiscusstheemergenceofdinosaurs,thebreakupofPangaea,andtheextinctionofdinosaurs.

3.CenozoicEra:IwouldthenmoveontotheCenozoicEra,discussingtheriseofmammalsandthedominanceoffloweringplants.Iwouldalsocoverthemajorgeologicaleventsinthisera,suchastheformationoftheHimalayas.

4.ImportanceofStudyingPrehistoricLife:Iwouldemphasizetheimportanceofstudyingprehistoriclife,highlightingitscontributionstoourunderstandingofEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.-Activities:

1.FossilExploration:Iwouldorganizeavirtualorphysicalfossilexplorationactivity,wherestudentscanexaminefossilsandlearnaboutdifferentspecies.Thiscouldinvolvebringinginrealfossilsorusingfossilreplicas.

2.TimelineCreation:IwouldhavestudentscreateatimelineoftheMesozoicandCenozoicEras,markingkeyeventsandspecies.ThisactivitywouldhelpstudentsvisualizethesequenceofeventsandunderstandthetimelineofEarthshistory.

3.GroupResearch:Iwouldassignstudentstoresearchaspecificprehistoricspeciesorgeologicaleventandpresenttheirfindingstotheclass.Thiswouldencourageindependentlearningandresearchskills.-Resources:

1.Textbook:Iwoulduseatextbookonprehistoriclifeastheprimaryresourceforinformationandexplanations.

2.OnlineResources:Iwouldprovidestudentswithalistofreliableonlineresources,suchaseducationalwebsitesanddocumentaries,forfurtherexploration.

3.VisualAids:Iwouldusevisualaids,suchasimagesoffossils,diagramsofgeologicalevents,andvideos,toenhancestudentunderstandingandengagement.Bystructuringthelessoninthisway,Iwouldensurethatstudentshaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofprehistoriclife,itssignificance,anditsimpactonEarthshistoryandtheevolutionoflife.。