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一、名词的概念表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词
二、名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词
(一)普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数;;;可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体,如girl deskdog;;等)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体,如window bookpen;;等)family classpeople;;不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物,如water paper;;;等)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、silk honeycream money;;;;状态、感情或其它抽象概念,如work happinessmusic difficulty;;等)beauty youthpoverty
(二)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等,如;;;;;Tom theGreat Wallthe SpringFestival FranceChina Christmas等
三、名词的数
(一)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的(构成主要有以下几种规则变化)一般情况下,在词尾加例
1.1So;;;如以清辅音book—books hat—hats pencil—pencils girl—girls结尾的名词后的的读音为/以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的读音s s/,s;;;为/在/等清辅音后一/z/p//t//k//f/s/cups catsbooks;;;等浊辅音后photographs4/b//d//g//v///cards bagsknivesT Z;labs lions⑵以结尾的名词,变复数时,要在词尾加例s,x,ch,sh-es合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式,所以答案为C根据空前的可知空中应该填名词的复数形式,的复数
5.A ninesheep形式还是其余选项中的名词都应该加上所以答案为sheep,-s,A根据谓语动词可知第一个空应该填名词单数形式;根据
6.Co hastwo可知第二个空填名词的复数形式,的复数形式是加所以答案watch-es,为C牙齿’的复数形式是
7.Co toothteeth根据从句当中的可知空中应该填名词单数形式且为女性,所
8.Ao she以答案为A的复数形式为根据空前的可知用复数形
9.Co tomatotomatoes,lots of式意为老鼠”,其复数形式为
10.Bo mousemice【真题链接】句意为“昨天露西告诉我们如此好的消息以至于我们都惊呆了”
1.Ao本题考查的是的用法选项是不可数名词,such……that……Anews因此在前面不能加不定冠词而且符合句意,故正确;选项good a,B与后面的矛盾,故错误;选项是可数名词,因此ideas itC suggestion要在前面加不定冠词故错误;选项是可数名词,因good a,D answer此要在前面加不定冠词而且与句意不符,故错误good a,句意为“我们学校有五十名教师,他们都对我们很友好
2.Do woman的复数是的复数是所以答案是women,teacher teachersD本句意为一体育课之后,我经常会感到非常渴;一为什么不买
3.Co苹果汁喝呢?因为上半句说到以及空后的可知,此处应该“thirsty”“drink”是选择喝的东西故答案选面包;面条;C A.bread B.noodles C.apple苹果汁;茶juice D.teas本题意为——什么时候是六一儿童节?是六月一号
4.Do——Dave,儿童的节日,即六一儿童节Childrens Day句意让我们一起做蔬菜沙拉吧我们需要多少个西红柿?
5.C Lily,“一个就够了本题考查名词辨析橘子;土豆;orange potatotomato西红柿后通常跟可数名词复数形式,排除而是水果how many”B,A不是蔬菜也排除,故选C本句意为妈妈,太热了;我能吃点冰淇淋吗?汉
6.Co A.hamburgers堡;面包;冰淇淋;由可知此处应该选B.bread C.ice-cream hot”Co如一beach-beaches,brush-brushes,bus-buses,box boxes,⑶以“辅音字母结尾的class-classes,glass-glasses,lunch-lunches+y”名词,先变为再加例如y i,-es baby—babies city—cities,family—families,country—(读音为[])注意以“元音字countries,strawberry-strawberries iesiz;;;;母结尾的词,直接在词尾加例如+y”-s holidaysdays playsways;;donkeys boystoys⑷以或结尾的名词,变复数时,先把或变为再加例如-f-fe f fe v,-eswife—wives,leaf—leaves,half—halves,knife—knives,thief-thieves(读音为[])shelf-shelves vesvz不规则变化
2.;()以结尾的名词,一般在词尾加例如1o-s zoo—zoos radio-;;而有些raCliOS photo-photos piano-pianos kangaroo-kangaroos3;在词尾加它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿-es,negro-negroes;;⑵有些名词由单hero—heroes potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes数变复数时,不是在词尾加或而是变换其中的字母s es,;;;例如man—men woman—women policeman—policemen;;;一Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen footfeet;;;(公牛)tooth-teeth child-children mouse-mice ox-oxen;还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同例如3Chinese-Chinese;;一Japanese-Japanese sheepsheep deer-deer()复合名词4前面的名词是或变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词1man woman,全都要变成复数形式例如man teacher—men;teachers womandriver-women drivers
②如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式例如;
③与介词或副词boy student—boy studentsapple tree—apple trees一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加例如-s brother-in-law-;brothers-in-law passer-by-passers-byo()有些以或结尾的词直接加变成复数例如5ffes roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs⑹某国人的复数口诀中日不变英法变,其余加后面例如S Chinese;(中国人)一(日本人)一Chinese Japanese;(英国人)一(法国人)JapaneseEnglishman EnglishmenFrenchman;一(德国人)一(美国人)FrenchmenGerman GermansAmerican一Americans()有些名词通常只用作复数例如眼镜;衣服;7glasses clothesgoods货物;裤子trousers;()集体名词的数
①有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如8people;cattle police有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集2体的各个成员例如:This familyis abig family.My familyare watchingTV.There are50students inthis class.The classare listeningto theirteacher.二不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量⑻表不定数量时,一般用等词1much,iaie,a lot of/lots of,some,any;;;修饰例如much moneya littlebread a lotofice creamsomejuice表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词不可数名词2+of+变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数;;;;例如a bottleof milka glassof watera canof beera pieceof paper;;two bottlesof milktwo piecesof papertwo glassesof water注意我们也可用“数词+量词名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词+0f+;;的数量例如a boxof orangestwo bagsof booksa roomof students三有些词,单数形式和复数形式的词义不同,需特别注意例如沙一沙滩;鸡肉一小鸡;sand sandschicken achicken橘汁一橘子;空间、余地——房间;orange anorange rooma roomgood(好处,益处)一(货物);(风俗)一僭关);goods customcustoms(精神)(情绪);(方式)(礼貌);spiHt—spirits manner—manners(武装力量);(通讯)一force—forces communicationcommunications(通讯系统,通讯工具);(布)一(衣服);(内容)一(目录);cloth clothescontent contents(便利)一(便利设备);(人类)convenience convenienceshumanity—让(人文科学卜human ies(需要)一(必需品);necessity necessities(疼痛)一(辛劳);(毁灭)一(废墟,遗迹);pain painsruin ruins(木材)一(树林);(工作)一(工厂,著作);wood woodswork works(架子,神气)air—airs巩固练习、写出下列名词的复数形式
1.broom_car treehorse
2.bus foxbranch class
3.baby______family_____country
4.radio—_____photo______piano_____
5.knife leaflife thief
6.man womanchild foot
7.woman teacherapple treestep son
二、用所给名词的适当形式填空川
1.How manysheepare thereon theh
2.There issomefood in the basket.
3.The babyhas onlytwotooth now.
4.There isalotofwater in the bottle.
5.There arefivepeople inhis family.
6.Lets takephoto,OK
7.I havelots oftomatohere.
8.Theleaf on the treeturn yellow.
9.Thechild areplaying gamesontheplayground now.
10.Theirdictionary looknew.
1.11have threeforeign friends.They areAmerican.
12.They arewoman doctors.
13.Can yougive mesome bottlesoforange,please
14.There aremanyfox inthe picture.
15.I wouldlike someapplejuice.I amvery thirsty.
三、将下列词组译成汉语三杯牛奶________________________
1.一袋大米________________________
2.三篮子苹果______________________
3.一碗面条
4.四盒子书_________________________5,六片面包________________________
6.五张纸___________________________
7.三听橘汁_________________________
8..八条新闻________________________9一箱香蕉________________________
10.
四、选择填空
1.The deerhas four.A,foot B.feet C.feets D.foots
2.Her twobrothers areboth.A.policeman B.policemans C.policemenD.policemens
3.There arefour andtwo inthe group.A.Japanese,Germen B.Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,Germans D.Japaneses,Germans川
4.Two willcome tothe vage.A.woman-doctorsB.women doctorC.women doctorsD.womandoctors
5.Can yousee nineinthepicture A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.horse
6.The hastwo.A.boys,watches B.boy,watch C.boy,watches D.boys,watch
7.The boyoften brusheshis beforehe goesto bed.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
8.The Japanesewill notleaveChinauntil shefinishes herstudy.A.woman B.women C.man D.men
9.There arelots ofinthebasket onthe table.A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D.tomatoss
10.The catcaught twolast night.A.mouses B.【真题链接】mice C.mouse D.mices
1.Yesterday Lucytold ussuch goodthat weare allamazedat it.A.news B.ideas C.suggestion D.answer
2.There arefifty inour school.They areall friendlytous.A.woman teachersB.women teacherC.woman teacherD.womenteachers
3.—After P.E.often feelvery thirsty.—Why notbuy someto drinkA.bread B.noodles C.applejuice D.teas
4.—When isDay—Its onJune1st,Dave.A.Child B.Children C.Childs D.Childrens
5.“Lily,lefs makevegetable salad.How manydo weneed”“One isenough/1A.oranges B.potato C.tomatoes
6.Mum,ifs sohot.Could Ihave someA.hamburgers B.bread C.ice-cream参考答案
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1.brooms;cars;trees;horses
2.buses;foxes;branches;classes
3.babies;families;countries4,radios;photos;pianos
5.knives;leaves;lives;thieves
6.men;women;children;feet
7.women teachers;appletrees;step sons
二、用所给名词的适当形式填空
1.sheep
2.food
3.teeth
4.water
5.people
6.photos
7.tomatoes
8.Ieaves
9.children
10.dictionaries
11.Americans
12.women
13.orange
14.foxes
15.Juice
三、将下列词组译成汉语
1.three glassesof milk2,a bagof rice
3.three basketsof apples4,abowl ofnoodles
5.four boxesof books
6.six piecesof bread
7.five piecesofpaper
8.three cansof orange
9.eight piecesof news
四、选择填空
10.a boxof bananas根据空前的可知空中应该填名词的复数形式,的复数形
1.Bo fourfoot式是所以答案为feet,B的复数形式为
2.Co policemanpolicemen0某国人的复数变化可根据口诀“中日不变,英法变,其余加后
3.Co-s;边”的复数形式不变,还是的复数形Japanese JapaneseGerman式是所以答案为Germans,C前面的名词是或的复合名词,变复数时,构成复
4.Co manwoman。
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