英语语言学考研试题及答案

英语语言学考研试题及答案

一、单选题（每题1分，共20分）

1.Thestudyofthestructureofwordsiscalled（）（1分）A.syntaxB.morphologyC.phonologyD.semantics【答案】B【解析】Morphologyisthestudyofthestructureofwords.

2.Whichofthefollowingisamorphemethatcannotstandaloneasaword？（）（1分）A.catB.un-C.-nessD.run【答案】B【解析】un-isaboundmorpheme,whichmeansitcannotstandaloneasaword.

3.Thestudyofhowsoundsareproducediscalled（）（1分）A.phoneticsB.phonologyC.morphologyD.syntax【答案】A【解析】Phoneticsisthestudyofhowsoundsareproduced.

4.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofallophony？（）（1分）A.Thesound/p/ispronouncedas[pʰ]ininitialposition.（1分）B.Thewordcathasthreemorphemes.（1分）C.Thewordunhappyconsistsoftwofreemorphemes.（1分）D.ThesentenceThecatsatonthemathasasubject-verb-objectstructure.（1分）【答案】A【解析】Allophonyreferstothedifferentsoundsthatasinglephonemecanhaveindifferentpositions.

5.Thesystemofrulesthatgovernsthestructureofsentencesiscalled（）（1分）A.syntaxB.morphologyC.phonologyD.semantics【答案】A【解析】Syntaxisthesystemofrulesthatgovernsthestructureofsentences.

6.Theprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordiscalled（）（1分）A.derivationB.inflectionC.compoundingD.morphology【答案】B【解析】Inflectionistheprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordtochangeitsgrammaticalfunction.

7.Thestudyofmeaningiscalled（）（1分）A.syntaxB.morphologyC.phonologyD.semantics【答案】D【解析】Semanticsisthestudyofmeaning.

8.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoflanguage？（）（1分）A.communicationB.thinkingC.reasoningD.alloftheabove【答案】D【解析】Languageservesmultiplefunctions,includingcommunication,thinking,andreasoning.

9.Thestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedinalanguageiscalled（）（1分）A.phoneticsB.phonologyC.morphologyD.syntax【答案】B【解析】Phonologyisthestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedinalanguage.

10.Thesmallestunitofmeaningiscalled（）（1分）A.morphemeB.wordC.sentenceD.phrase【答案】A【解析】Amorphemeisthesmallestunitofmeaning.

11.Theprocessofcombiningtwowordstoformanewwordiscalled（）（1分）A.derivationB.inflectionC.compoundingD.morphology【答案】C【解析】Compoundingistheprocessofcombiningtwowordstoformanewword.

12.Thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesiscalled（）（1分）A.historicallinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics【答案】A【解析】Historicallinguisticsisthestudyofthehistoryoflanguages.

13.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtosocietyiscalled（）（1分）A.historicallinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics【答案】B【解析】Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

14.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemindiscalled（）（1分）A.historicallinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics【答案】C【解析】Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

15.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtoitspracticalapplicationsiscalled（）（1分）A.historicallinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics【答案】D【解析】Appliedlinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtoitspracticalapplications.

16.Thesound/t/incatisproducedwiththetonguetipclosetothealveolarridge.Thisiscalled（）（1分）A.voicingB.placeofarticulationC.mannerofarticulationD.phoneme【答案】B【解析】Theplaceofarticulationreferstowherethesoundisproducedinthemouth.

17.Thesound/p/inpatisproducedwiththelipscomingtogether.Thisiscalled（）（1分）A.voicingB.placeofarticulationC.mannerofarticulationD.phoneme【答案】B【解析】Theplaceofarticulationreferstowherethesoundisproducedinthemouth.

18.Theprocessofchangingthemeaningofawordiscalled（）（1分）A.derivationB.inflectionC.compoundingD.semanticchange【答案】D【解析】Semanticchangereferstotheprocessofchangingthemeaningofaword.

19.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandgenderiscalled（）（1分）A.genderlinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.discourseanalysisD.pragmatics【答案】B【解析】Sociolinguisticsincludesthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandgender.

20.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedincontextiscalled（）（1分）A.discourseanalysisB.pragmaticsC.semanticsD.syntax【答案】B【解析】Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowlanguageisusedincontext.

二、多选题（每题4分，共20分）

1.ThefollowingarefunctionsoflanguageEXCEPT（）（4分）A.communicationB.thinkingC.reasoningD.healing【答案】D【解析】Languageservesmultiplefunctions,includingcommunication,thinking,andreasoning,butnothealing.

2.ThefollowingarepartsofspeechEXCEPT（）（4分）A.nounB.verbC.adjectiveD.number【答案】D【解析】Thepartsofspeechincludenoun,verb,adjective,adverb,etc.,butnotnumber.

3.ThefollowingareexamplesofmorphemesEXCEPT（）（4分）A.catB.-edC.runD.happy【答案】D【解析】Morphemesarethesmallestunitsofmeaning.happyisaword,notamorpheme.

4.ThefollowingareexamplesofphonemesEXCEPT（）（4分）A./p/B./b/C./k/D./tʃ/【答案】D【解析】Phonemesareabstractunitsofsound./tʃ/isaphoneme,butthequestionmightbeaskingforexamplesofallophones.

5.ThefollowingareexamplesofinflectionalmorphemesEXCEPT（）（4分）A.-sB.-edC.-ingD.-unhappy【答案】D【解析】Inflectionalmorphemesinclude-s,-ed,-ing,etc.,butnotderivedmorphemeslike-unhappy.

三、填空题（每题2分，共16分）

1.Thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesiscalled______linguistics.（2分）【答案】historical

2.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtosocietyiscalled______linguistics.（2分）【答案】sociolinguistics

3.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemindiscalled______linguistics.（2分）【答案】psycholinguistics

4.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtoitspracticalapplicationsiscalled______linguistics.（2分）【答案】applied

5.Thesmallestunitofmeaningiscalledan______.（2分）【答案】morpheme

6.Theprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordiscalled______.（2分）【答案】inflection

7.Theprocessofcombiningtwowordstoformanewwordiscalled______.（2分）【答案】compounding

8.Thestudyofhowsoundsareproducediscalled______.（2分）【答案】phonetics

四、判断题（每题2分，共20分）

1.Twowordsthathavethesameformbutdifferentmeaningsarecalledhomonyms.（）（2分）【答案】（×）【解析】Homonymsarewordsthathavethesameformbutdifferentmeanings,butnotallhomonymsarehomophones.

2.Thestudyofthestructureofsentencesiscalledsyntax.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

3.Thesmallestunitofsoundiscalledaphoneme.（）（2分）【答案】（×）【解析】Thesmallestunitofsoundiscalledaphone,notaphoneme.

4.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedincontextiscalledpragmatics.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

5.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtogenderiscalledgenderlinguistics.（）（2分）【答案】（×）【解析】Sociolinguisticsincludesthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandgender,notgenderlinguistics.

6.Thesound/p/inpatisproducedwiththelipscomingtogether.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

7.Thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesiscalledhistoricallinguistics.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

8.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

9.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemindiscalledpsycholinguistics.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

10.Thestudyoflanguageinrelationtoitspracticalapplicationsiscalledappliedlinguistics.（）（2分）【答案】（√）

五、简答题（每题5分，共15分）

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology？（5分）【答案】Phoneticsisthestudyofhowsoundsareproduced,whilephonologyisthestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedinalanguage.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenderivationandinflection？（5分）【答案】Derivationistheprocessofchangingthemeaningofaword,whileinflectionistheprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordtochangeitsgrammaticalfunction.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweensyntaxandsemantics？（5分）【答案】Syntaxisthesystemofrulesthatgovernsthestructureofsentences,whilesemanticsisthestudyofmeaning.

六、分析题（每题15分，共30分）

1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructureofthefollowingwords:unhappiness,unhappily,unhappy.（15分）【答案】-unhappinessconsistsofthreemorphemes:un-prefix,happyroot,and-nesssuffix.-unhappilyconsistsofthreemorphemes:un-prefix,happyroot,and-lysuffix.-unhappyconsistsoftwomorphemes:un-prefixandhappyroot.

2.Analyzethephonologicalstructureofthefollowingwords:cat,cats,cater.（15分）【答案】-catconsistsofonephoneme:/k//æ//t/.-catsconsistsoftwophonemes:/k//æ//t//s/.-caterconsistsoftwophonemes:/k//æ//t//ə//ɹ/.

七、综合应用题（每题25分，共50分）

1.Considerthefollowingsentence:Thehappycatsatonthemat.Analyzethesentencefromtheperspectiveofsyntax,semantics,andpragmatics.（25分）【答案】-Syntax:Thesentencefollowsasubject-verb-objectstructure.Thehappycatisthesubject,satistheverb,andonthematistheobject.-Semantics:Thesentenceconveysthemeaningthatacatthatishappysatonamat.-Pragmatics:Thesentenceisusedtoconveyinformationaboutthecatsactionanditsemotionalstate.

2.Considerthefollowingconversation:SpeakerA:DoyoulikecatsSpeakerB:Yes,Ido.Analyzetheconversationfromtheperspectiveofsociolinguisticsandpsycholinguistics.（25分）【答案】-Sociolinguistics:TheconversationreflectsthesocialinteractionbetweenSpeakerAandSpeakerB.TheuseofDoyoulikecatsisacommonwaytoinitiateaconversationaboutpreferences.-Psycholinguistics:Theconversationreflectsthecognitiveprocessesinvolvedinunderstandingandproducinglanguage.SpeakerBsresponseYes,IdoshowsunderstandingandagreementwithSpeakerAsquestion.---标准答案

一、单选题

1.B

2.B

3.A

4.A

5.A

6.B

7.D

8.D

9.B

10.A

11.C

12.A

13.B

14.C

15.D

16.B

17.B

18.D

19.B

20.B

二、多选题

1.D

2.D

3.D

4.（可能需要根据具体题目调整）

5.D

三、填空题

1.historical

2.sociolinguistics

3.psycholinguistics

4.applied

5.morpheme

6.inflection

7.compounding

8.phonetics

四、判断题

1.（×）

2.（√）

3.（×）

4.（√）

5.（×）

6.（√）

7.（√）

8.（√）

9.（√）

10.（√）

五、简答题

1.Phoneticsisthestudyofhowsoundsareproduced,whilephonologyisthestudyofhowsoundsareorganizedinalanguage.

2.Derivationistheprocessofchangingthemeaningofaword,whileinflectionistheprocessofaddingamorphemetoawordtochangeitsgrammaticalfunction.

3.Syntaxisthesystemofrulesthatgovernsthestructureofsentences,whilesemanticsisthestudyofmeaning.

六、分析题

1.unhappinessconsistsofthreemorphemes:un-prefix,happyroot,and-nesssuffix.unhappilyconsistsofthreemorphemes:un-prefix,happyroot,and-lysuffix.unhappyconsistsoftwomorphemes:un-prefixandhappyroot.

2.catconsistsofonephoneme:/k//æ//t/.catsconsistsoftwophonemes:/k//æ//t//s/.caterconsistsoftwophonemes:/k//æ//t//ə//ɹ/.

七、综合应用题

1.Syntax:Thesentencefollowsasubject-verb-objectstructure.Semantics:Thesentenceconveysthemeaningthatacatthatishappysatonamat.Pragmatics:Thesentenceisusedtoconveyinformationaboutthecatsactionanditsemotionalstate.

2.Sociolinguistics:TheconversationreflectsthesocialinteractionbetweenSpeakerAandSpeakerB.Psycholinguistics:Theconversationreflectsthecognitiveprocessesinvolvedinunderstandingandproducinglanguage.SpeakerBsresponseYes,IdoshowsunderstandingandagreementwithSpeakerAsquestion.。