医学考博英语词汇试题及答案解析策略

医学考博英语词汇试题及答案解析策略

一、单选题（每题1分，共20分）

1.Thestudyofhumananatomyfocusesonthe______ofbodystructures.A.functionB.diseaseC.formationD.variation【答案】C【解析】Anatomystudiesthestructureandorganizationofbodyparts,notfunctionphysiology,diseasepathology,orvariationgenetics.

2.WhichtermreferstothemedicalconditionofexcessivebloodsugarA.HypotensionB.HyperglycemiaC.HypokalemiaD.Hypoxia【答案】B【解析】Hyperglycemiameanshighbloodsugar,whiletheothersrefertolowbloodpressure,lowpotassium,andlowoxygenlevels,respectively.

3.Thetermiatrogenicdescribesaconditioncausedby______.A.geneticfactorsB.environmentalexposureC.medicaltreatmentD.infectiousagents【答案】C【解析】Iatrogenicmeansinducedbymedicaltreatment,notgenetic,environmental,orinfectiouscauses.

4.WhatisthemedicaltermfortheremovalofkidneystonesA.NephrectomyB.UreteroscopyC.CholecystectomyD.Hemodialysis【答案】B【解析】Ureteroscopyisforremovingkidneystones;nephrectomyremovesakidney,cholecystectomyremovesthegallbladder,andhemodialysistreatskidneyfailure.

5.Theprocessofcellsdividingandreproducingiscalled______.A.MetabolismB.MitosisC.OsmosisD.Enzymeactivity【答案】B【解析】Mitosisiscelldivision;metabolismischemicalprocesses,osmosisiswatermovement,andenzymeactivityiscatalysis.

6.WhatdoestachycardiarefertoA.SlowheartrateB.FastheartrateC.IrregularheartbeatD.Lowbloodpressure【答案】B【解析】Tachycardiameansafastheartrate;bradycardiaisslow,arrhythmiaisirregular,andhypotensionislowbloodpressure.

7.Thetermmyocardiumreferstothe______.A.heartmuscleB.bloodvesselsC.heartvalvesD.heartchambers【答案】A【解析】Myocardiumistheheartmuscle;theothersrefertobloodvessels,valves,andchambers,respectively.

8.WhatisthemedicaltermforthestudyofbacteriaA.CardiologyB.MicrobiologyC.PathologyD.Endocrinology【答案】B【解析】Microbiologystudiesmicroorganisms,includingbacteria;cardiologyisheartdiseases,pathologyisdiseaseanalysis,andendocrinologyishormonedisorders.

9.Theprocessofthebodyabsorbingnutrientsfromfoodiscalled______.A.DigestionB.AbsorptionC.MetabolismD.Excretion【答案】B【解析】Absorptionisnutrientuptake;digestionisbreakingdownfood,metabolismischemicalprocesses,andexcretioniswasteremoval.

10.WhatisthemedicaltermforinflammationofthepancreasA.HepatitisB.AppendicitisC.PancreatitisD.Gastroenteritis【答案】C【解析】Pancreatitisispancreasinflammation;hepatitisisliver,appendicitisisappendix,andgastroenteritisisstomach/intestineinflammation.

11.Thetermautopsyrefersto______.A.surgicalremovaloftissueB.examinationofadeadbodyC.bloodtestD.radiationtherapy【答案】B【解析】Autopsyisapost-mortemexamination;biopsyistissueremoval,bloodtestisfluidanalysis,andradiationtherapytreatscancer.

12.WhatisthemedicaltermforthestudyofthenervoussystemA.DermatologyB.NeurologyC.OphthalmologyD.Pulmonology【答案】B【解析】Neurologystudiesthenervoussystem;dermatologyisskin,ophthalmologyiseyes,andpulmonologyislungs.

13.Thetermhypertensiondescribes______.A.highbloodpressureB.lowbloodpressureC.highbloodsugarD.highcholesterol【答案】A【解析】Hypertensionmeanshighbloodpressure;hypotensionislow,hyperglycemiaishighbloodsugar,andhypercholesterolemiaishighcholesterol.

14.WhatisthemedicaltermfortheremovaloftheappendixA.NephrectomyB.AppendectomyC.CholecystectomyD.Thyroidectomy【答案】B【解析】Appendectomyremovestheappendix;nephrectomyiskidneyremoval,cholecystectomyisgallbladderremoval,andthyroidectomyisthyroidremoval.

15.Theprocessofthebodyfightinginfectionsiscalled______.A.ImmunityB.InflammationC.InfectionD.Immunosuppression【答案】A【解析】Immunityisinfectionresistance;inflammationistissuereaction,infectionispathogeninvasion,andimmunosuppressionisweakenedimmunity.

16.WhatisthemedicaltermforthestudyoftherespiratorysystemA.CardiologyB.PulmonologyC.DermatologyD.Urology【答案】B【解析】Pulmonologystudiesthelungs;cardiologyisheart,dermatologyisskin,andurologyisurinarysystem.

17.Thetermosteoporosisrefersto______.A.weakbonesB.highbonedensityC.bonecancerD.bonefractures【答案】A【解析】Osteoporosismeansweakbones;theothersinvolvehighdensity,cancer,orfractures.

18.WhatisthemedicaltermforthestudyoftheskinA.CardiologyB.DermatologyC.NeurologyD.Radiology【答案】B【解析】Dermatologystudiestheskin;cardiologyisheart,neurologyisnerves,andradiologyisimaging.

19.Thetermfibromyalgiarefersto______.A.musclepaindisorderB.jointinflammationC.bonefractureD.heartdisease【答案】A【解析】Fibromyalgiaisachronicpaindisorder;arthritisisjointinflammation,fractureisbrokenbone,andcardiopathyisheartdisease.

20.WhatisthemedicaltermforthestudyofdiseasesA.EpidemiologyB.PathologyC.ToxicologyD.Gerontology【答案】B【解析】Pathologystudiesdiseases;epidemiologyisdiseasepatterns,toxicologyispoisons,andgerontologyisaging.

二、多选题（每题4分，共20分）

1.WhichofthefollowingarepartsofthecardiovascularsystemA.HeartB.BloodvesselsC.LungsD.Kidneys【答案】A、B【解析】Thecardiovascularsystemincludestheheartandbloodvessels;lungsarerespiratory,andkidneysareurinary.

2.WhatarecommonsymptomsofdiabetesA.ExcessivethirstB.FrequenturinationC.WeightlossD.Highbloodpressure【答案】A、B、C【解析】Diabetessymptomsincludeexcessivethirst,frequenturination,andweightloss;highbloodpressureisusuallyunrelated.

3.WhichmedicaltermsrelatetothedigestivesystemA.GastroenteritisB.PancreatitisC.HepatitisD.Appendicitis【答案】A、B、D【解析】Gastroenteritis,pancreatitis,andappendicitisaffectdigestion;hepatitisaffectstheliver.

4.WhatarefunctionsoftheimmunesystemA.FightinfectionsB.RepairtissuesC.RegulatebloodpressureD.Balancehormones【答案】A、B【解析】Theimmunesystemfightsinfectionsandrepairstissues;bloodpressureregulationandhormonebalanceareunrelated.

5.WhichmedicaltermsrelatetothenervoussystemA.EpilepsyB.ParkinsonsdiseaseC.MultiplesclerosisD.Hypertension【答案】A、B、C【解析】Epilepsy,Parkinsonsdisease,andmultiplesclerosisarenervoussystemdisorders;hypertensionisbloodpressure-related.

三、填空题（每题2分，共16分）

1.Themedicaltermforthestudyoftheheartis______.【答案】Cardiology

2.Theprocessofthebodyabsorbingnutrientsiscalled______.【答案】Absorption

3.Themedicaltermforinflammationoftheliveris______.【答案】Hepatitis

4.Thetermforexcessivebloodsugaris______.【答案】Hyperglycemia

5.Themedicaltermfortheremovalofthegallbladderis______.【答案】Cholecystectomy

6.Theprocessofcellsdividingiscalled______.【答案】Mitosis

7.Themedicaltermforthestudyofbacteriais______.【答案】Microbiology

8.Thetermforhighbloodpressureis______.【答案】Hypertension

四、判断题（每题2分，共10分）

1.Twopositivenumbersalwayssumtoapositivenumber.（）【答案】（√）【解析】Thesumoftwopositivenumbersisalwayspositive.

2.Themedicaltermstenosisreferstothenarrowingofapassage.（）【答案】（√）【解析】Stenosismeansnarrowingofapassage,suchasbloodvesselsorairways.

3.Theimmunesystemalwayscausesinflammation.（）【答案】（×）【解析】Immunitycanfightinfectionswithoutinflammation;inflammationisareaction,notalwayspresent.

4.Themedicaltermmyelomareferstoabloodcancer.（）【答案】（√）【解析】Myelomaisacancerofplasmacellsinthebonemarrow.

5.Theprocessofthebodyreleasingwasteiscalledmetabolism.（）【答案】（×）【解析】Metabolismischemicalprocesses;excretioniswasteremoval.

五、简答题（每题3分，共12分）

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanatomyandphysiology【答案】Anatomystudiesthestructureofbodyparts,whilephysiologystudiestheirfunctions.

2.Whatarethreecommonsymptomsoftheflu【答案】Fever,cough,andbodyaches.

3.Whatistheroleofthekidneysinthebody【答案】Filterwastefromblood,regulatebloodpressure,andproducehormones.

4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenabacterialinfectionandaviralinfection【答案】Bacteriaaresingle-celledorganisms,whilevirusesaresmallerandneedhostcells.

六、分析题（每题10分，共20分）

1.Explainthefunctionofthecardiovascularsystemanditsmajorcomponents.【答案】Thecardiovascularsystemcirculatesbloodtodeliveroxygenandnutrients,removewaste.Majorcomponentsincludetheheartpumpsblood,bloodvesselsarteries,veins,capillaries,andbloodtransportmedium.

2.Describetheimmunesystemsroleinfightinginfectionsanditstwomaincomponents.【答案】Theimmunesystemprotectsagainstpathogens.Componentsincludeinnateimmunityfirstline:skin,phagocytesandadaptiveimmunityspecificresponse:Bcells,Tcells.

七、综合应用题（每题15分，共30分）

1.Apatientpresentswithfrequenturination,excessivethirst,andweightloss.Thedoctorsuspectsdiabetes.Explainhowtheimmunesystemmightcontributetodiabetesandwhattestscouldconfirmthediagnosis.【答案】Intype1diabetes,theimmunesystemattacksinsulin-producingbetacells.TestsincludebloodglucoselevelsHbA1c,fastingglucose,andoralglucosetolerancetest.

2.Describetheprocessofdigestionfromfoodintaketonutrientabsorption,includingmajororgansinvolved.【答案】Digestionstartswithteethbreakingdownfood,thenstomachacidandenzymespancreas,liverfurtherbreakit.Smallintestineabsorbsnutrientsvilli,andlargeintestineabsorbswater.。